语法知识串讲01（现在完成时、过去进行时）（期末复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材外研版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格系统梳理现在完成时与过去进行时的语法点、常考题型及命题趋势，以结构化框架呈现知识脉络，涵盖谓语构成、句式变化、用法规则等核心要点，辅以对比表格（如现在完成时与一般过去时区别、瞬间动词与延续性动词转换表）和实例解析，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，从基础通关（如现在完成时单选“How long have you used...”）到中考链接（油纸伞文化首字母填空），情境化题目（如地震时动作描述）培养语言运用能力，文化语篇渗透文化意识，易混易错部分通过when/while对比提升思维品质。方法指导如瞬间动词转换表助力学生掌握难点，不同层次练习适配学情，教师可据此实施精准分层教学，支持学生自主复习。

专题01 语法知识串讲1（现在完成时、过去进行时） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 现在完成时 过去进行时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 现在完成时 知识点01谓语构成 由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为’ve或’s, have not 缩写haven’t, has not 缩写hasn’t。 知识点02各种句式变化 否定形式是在have/has后加not。一般疑问句是把have/has放到句首。如： He has eaten breakfast. // He hasn’t eaten breakfast. //---- Has he eaten breakfast? ---- Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.) 【注意】过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同，有些特殊变化需单独记忆。 知识点03 现在完成时的用法 1 表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, ever, never, just, yet, before 等词连用。 ② 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词。 1.I have just bought a ten-speed bicycle. 2.They have already cleaned the classroom. 3.We have lived here since 1976. 4.They have waited for more than two hours. 知识点04一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 知识点05 瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave, join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如： 误：The old man has died for a few years. 正：The old man has been dead for a few years. // The old man has been dead since a few years ago. The old man died a few years ago. // It is a few years since the old man died. A few years has passed since the old man died. 瞬间动词的变化： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has 　 come to… has been here since (1990) (had) 　 left… (had) been away from… 　 　 　 arrived… 　 been in… 　 　 　 died 　 been dead 　 　 　 begun 　 been on 　 　 　 ended 　 been over 　 　 　 bought... 　 had… 　 　 　 borrowed… 　 kept… 　 　 　 joined… 　 been in … 　 知识点06 have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别： have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。 1.I have never been to the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。 2.---- Where is Tom? ---- He has gone to the UK.（即现在不在这儿） 3.I have been in Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。 知识点07句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。 How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow) 过去进行时 知识点01 谓语构成：由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。 知识点02 各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。 一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如： He was not waiting for me at that time. ---- Was he waiting for me at that time? ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t) 知识点03 过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I was cooking dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What were you doing yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He was doing his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary was doing some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she was leaving for Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two were always quarrelling. 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy was continually asking questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 知识点04 过去进行时常见的时间状语 ① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon ② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：yesterday, last Sunday等。 1.I was reading a book at that time. 在那时我在看书。 2.I was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday evening. 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。 3.At that time, we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。 知识点05 when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1.When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing while your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing when you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 易｜错｜点｜拨 过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He was doing his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He did his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It rained all night. (只说明下雨事实) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—How long ________ you ________ this digital dictionary? —For half a year. It helps me a lot with my English. A．have; used B．did; use C．do; use D．will; use 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你使用这本电子词典多久了？——半年了。它对我的英语学习帮助很大。 考查动词时态。根据答句“For half a year.”可知，问句是对一段时间进行提问，询问使用电子词典的时长，应该使用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语you是第二人称，助动词用have，use的过去分词是used。故选A。 2．—How long ________ you ________ the traffic rules since you got your bike? —For half a year. I always ride carefully. A．have; followed B．did; follow C．do; follow D．will; follow 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——自从你有了自行车，你遵守交通规则多久了？——半年了，我骑车一直很小心。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“since you got your bike”可知，这里需要用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作，have followed符合语境。故选A。 3．—How long ________ you ________ this learning app? —For half a year. It helps me a lot with my English. A．have; used B．did; use C．do; use D．will; use 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你使用这个学习应用多久了？——半年了。它对我的英语帮助很大。 考查现在完成时。have; used（为 use的现在完成时的一般疑问句结构，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在）；did; use（为 use的一般过去时的一般疑问句结构，强调过去动作）；do; use（为 use的一般现在时的一般疑问句结构，表示习惯或事实）；will; use（为 use的一般将来时的一般疑问句结构，表示未来动作）。根据回答“For half a year”为一段时间，是现在完成时的标志，所以应用use的现在完成时结构提问。故选A。 4．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of saving electricity? —For three years. I always turn off lights when leaving rooms. A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你养成节约电的习惯有多久了？——三年了。我离开房间时总是关灯。 考查现在完成时。have...had为现在完成时结构；did...have为一般过去时；do...have为一般现在时；will...have为一般将来时。根据“How long...you...the habit of,,,For three years”可知需用现在完成时，表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。故选A。 5．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of checking your homework before handing it in? —For two years. It helps me avoid careless mistakes. A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你养成在上交之前检查作业的习惯多久了？——两年了。它帮助我避免了很多粗心的错误。 考查现在完成时。现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。A项为现在完成时结构“have had”；B项为过去时；C项为一般现在时；D项为将来时。根据答句“For two years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。 6．—How long ________ you ________ this shared bike app? —For about six months. It’s very useful. A．have; used B．did; use C．do; use D．will; use 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你使用这个共享单车应用多久了？——大约六个月了。它很有用。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“For about six months”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语是you，助动词用have，use的过去分词是used。故选A。 7．Chinese people ________ the special tea culture over the past centuries. A．develop B．developed C．have developed D．are developing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国人在过去的几个世纪里发展了特殊的茶文化。 考查动词时态。develop发展，一般现在时；developed发展，一般过去时；have developed现在完成时；are developing正在发展，现在进行时。时间状语“over the past centuries”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时。故选C。 8．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of following traffic rules? —For two years. It keeps me safe on the road. A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你养成遵守交通规则的习惯有多久了？——两年了。它让我在路上安全。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“For two years”可知，动作持续至今，应用现在完成时。故选A。 9．My parents ________ in Qiqihar since they got married. They love this city. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．will live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的父母自从结婚以来就住在齐齐哈尔。他们热爱这座城市。 考查现在完成时。根据“since they got married”可知，此处表示从过去结婚时开始一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时。故选C。 10．Jane likes dancing very much and has been in the dance club _________ two years ago. A．after B．for C．since D．in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：简非常喜欢跳舞，并且从两年前起就加入了舞蹈俱乐部。 考查介词辨析。after在……之后；for达，后常接时间段；since从……起；in在……，后常接月份、季节和年份等。根据“has been”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，且“two years ago”是一个具体的时间点。since后接时间点，且用于现在完成时。故选C。 11．—Why didn’t you join us in the park yesterday? —I ________ my little sister ________ her online homework. A．help; do B．helped; do C．was helping; do D．am helping; do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么不和我们一起在公园呢？——我当时正在帮我妹妹做她的线上作业。 考查动词时态。根据“Why didn’t you join us in the park yesterday?”可知，问句询问的是昨天没去公园的原因，回答应该说明昨天那个时间点正在做的事情，所以用过去进行时was helping；help sb. do sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，所以第二空用动词原形do。故选C。 12．—What ________ you ________ when the earthquake started last night? —I was watching TV in the living room. A．do; do B．were; doing C．did; do D．are; doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨晚地震开始时你正在做什么？——我正在客厅看电视。 考查过去进行时。根据“when the earthquake started last night”及“I was watching TV”可知，问句询问的是地震发生时正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是you，be用were。故选B。 13．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 7 last night? —I ________ after my little sister because my parents were out. A．look B．looked C．was looking D．have looked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚7点你为什么不接我的电话？——因为我的父母出去了，我正在照顾我的小妹妹。 考查动词的时态。look看，动词原形，一般现在时态；looked看，过去式/过去分词，一般过去时态；was looking正在看，过去进行时态；have looked已经看了，现在完成时态。根据“Why didn’t you answer my call at 7 last night”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选C。 14．—Why didn’t you go to the park with us yesterday? —I ________ my little sister ________ her online homework. A．help; do B．helped; do C．was helping; do D．am helping; do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没和我们一起去公园？——我当时正在帮我的妹妹做她的在线作业。 考查动词时态。根据“Why didn’t you go to the park with us yesterday?”可知，对话围绕昨天发生的事情展开，强调的是，我当时正在帮我的小妹妹做她的在线作业，表达过去某一时间点正在进行的动作时，采用过去进行时。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。故选C。 15．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 8:00 last night? —I ________ with my mom about the family rules and didn’t hear the phone. A．talk B．talked C．was talking D．have talked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚8点你为什么不接我的电话？——我当时正在和我妈妈讨论家规，没听到电话。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“—Why didn’t you answer my call at 8 last night?  ”可知，此处强调过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 16．The old man ________ along the street when a bike hit him suddenly. A．walks B．walked C．was walking D．is walking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老人正在街上走着，突然一辆自行车撞了他。 考查过去进行时。根据“The old man…along the street when a bike hit him suddenly.”可知，此处是“过去进行时 (was/were doing) + when + 一般过去时”的结构，前者表示“过去某个时刻正在进行的动作”，后者表示“突然发生的短暂动作”。故选C。 17．—What was your brother doing at 8 last night? —He ________ a movie with his friends at home. A．watches B．watched C．was watching D．will watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你哥哥昨晚8点在做什么？——他那时正在家和朋友们看电影。 考查过去进行时。watches看，为一般现在时，表示习惯；watched看了，为一般过去时，表示已经完成的动作；was watching正在看，为过去进行时，表示动作在过去的某个时间点正在进行；will watch将看，为一般将来时，表示将来的动作。根据“at 8 last night”可知，询问的是过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故答句应用过去进行时，由于主语为He，因此应填was watching。故选C。 18．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 6 last night? —I ________ with my brother about the school rules and didn’t hear the phone. A．talk B．talked C．was talking D．have talked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚6点你为什么没接我的电话？——我当时正在和我哥哥讨论校规，没听到电话。 考查过去进行时。根据“at 6 last night”可知，句子表示过去某一具体时间点正在进行的动作，强调动作的持续性，因此时态应为过去进行时，结构为“was/were doing sth.”。故选C。 19．— ________ your brother ________ lunch when you got home? — Yes, he was. A．Was; having B．Did; have C．Is; having D．Does; have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——当你到家时，你的兄弟正在吃午饭吗？——是的，他是。 考查过去进行时。根据答句“Yes, he was.”提示问句使用was，且“when you got home”表示过去时间点，可知问句需用过去进行时“was/were + 动词ing”。主语“your brother”为第三人称单数，故用was和having。故选A。 20．— Why didn’t you go out yesterday? — Because it ________ heavily all day. A．rains B．rained C．is raining D．was raining 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨天你为什么没出去？——因为一整天都在下大雨。 考查时态。rains一般现在时；rained一般过去时；is raining现在进行时；was raining过去进行时。根据时间状语“yesterday”和“all day”可知，动作是过去持续发生的，应用过去进行时。故选D。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。 Robin’s grandpa is 97 years old. He was 1 athlete when he was young. Now he is too old to walk. Both 2 Robin’s parents want to help him, but they don’t have enough time. 3 (luck), Robin knows robots well because he likes 4 (study) them. He wants to make a robot to help his grandpa. Robin says that the robot will look like a man. It will be able to pick things up and help his grandpa walk. It can also tell his grandpa 5 to take medicine. If his grandpa has some problems, the robot will call for help. 6 it is a machine, it shows great care. Next month, Robin 7 (start) to design the robot. He thinks that nowadays the robots are 8 (popular) than before. He says, “Early robots could only do simple jobs in factories. But now some robots can do dangerous 9 (job), such as putting out fires. And some can help take care of elderly people and improve 10 (they) lives. However, they are still too expensive. Maybe I can try my best to design a cheaper one.” 【答案】1．an 2．of 3．Luckily 4．studying/to study 5．when 6．Although/Though 7．will start/is going to start 8．more popular 9．jobs 10．their 【导语】本文主要讲述了罗宾想为年迈的爷爷设计一个机器人来帮助他，并介绍了机器人的功能和机器人技术的发展。 1．句意：他年轻时是一名运动员。athlete以元音音素开头，表示“一名”，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．句意：罗宾的父母都想帮助他。both of“两者都”，固定搭配。故填of。 3．句意：幸运的是，罗宾很了解机器人。修饰整个句子，应用luck的副词Luckily“幸运地”。故填Luckily。 4．句意：因为他喜欢研究它们。like后既可接动名词doing表示习惯性、一般性的爱好，也可接不定式to do表示具体的、某次的意愿。两种形式在此处均正确。故填studying/to study。 5．句意：它还能告诉爷爷什么时候吃药。根据“to take medicine”可知，此处表示时间，应用when“什么时候”。故填when。 6．句意：虽然它是一台机器，但它显示出极大的关怀。根据“it is a machine”和“it shows great care”可知，前后为让步关系，应用Although/Though“虽然”。故填Although/Though。 7．句意：下个月，罗宾将开始设计这个机器人。根据“Next month”可知，此处应用一般将来时。英语中一般将来时常用结构为“will + 动词原形”或“be going to + 动词原形”。故填will start/is going to start。 8．句意：他认为现在的机器人比以前更受欢迎。than是比较级的标志，popular为多音节词，比较级为more popular。故填more popular。 9．句意：但是现在一些机器人可以做危险的工作。job为可数名词，此处用复数jobs表示泛指。故填jobs。 10．句意：有些可以帮助照顾老人，改善他们的生活。修饰名词lives，应用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一.填空 1．The athlete (swim) his final lap when he felt a sudden cramp in his leg. 【答案】was swimming 【详解】句意：这位运动员在游最后一圈时，突然感到腿部抽筋。根据“when he felt a sudden cramp”可知，此处强调“抽筋”这个动作发生时，“游泳”的动作正在进行，且动作发生在过去，所以要用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。主语“The athlete”是单数，故填was swimming。 2．On the day I visited it, the sky was clear and the sun was (shine). 【答案】shining 【详解】句意：在我参观的那天，天空晴朗，阳光灿烂。shine“照耀”，动词。根据“On the day I visited it, the sky was clear and the sun was...”可知，此处描述参观当天太阳的状态，且空前有was，所以用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+动词现在分词”，shine的现在分词为shining。故填shining。 3．We (climb) the hill when it began to rain heavily yesterday. 【答案】were climbing 【详解】句意：昨天开始下大雨时，我们正在爬山。根据“...the hill when it began to rain heavily yesterday”可知空格处为谓语动词，需用过去进行时 (was/were + doing)，与时间状语“when it began to rain”呼应，强调“下雨”发生时“爬山”动作正在进行。故填were climbing。 4．There was an accident near our school at 4:10 yesterday afternoon. It happened as we (go) home from school. 【答案】were going 【详解】句意：昨天下午4点10分我们学校附近发生了一起事故。那是在我们放学回家的时候发生的。根据“at 4:10 yesterday afternoon”和“as”可知，此处强调事故发生时“回家”的动作正在进行，用过去进行时“was/were+现在分词”，主语we是复数，be动词用were，go的现在分词为going，符合语境。故填were going。 5．When/While/As Millie (watch) TV, lightning hit a nearby building. 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：当米莉正在看电视时，闪电击中了附近的一栋建筑。主句“lightning hit a nearby building”使用了一般过去时，描述过去的瞬间动作；从句由when/while/as引导，强调“在米莉看电视的过程中”发生了闪电击中事件，因此从句应用过去进行时 (was/were+doing)，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。从句主语“Millie”为单数第三人称，be应用was，动词watch的现在分词为watching。故填was watching。 二．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. China __________ (become) one of the strongest countries in the world already. 2. —What’s up, Sandy? —Look! What a mess! Somebody __________ (break) that window. 3. We ______________ (not agree) on where to go for our family trip yet. 4. The waste water from the factory ___________ (pollute) the rivers nearby recently. 5. My hometown ___________ (change) a lot in the past few years. 1-5has become；has broken；haven’t agreed；has polluted；has changed 三．短文填空 We’ll have to take the P.E. test in May. But it is a big problem for me because I can’t run fast enough. I 1. _____ never _______ (enter) any P.E. tests. I must do something to improve. So I 2. ______________(make) a plan. Every morning, as soon as I 3. _______(get) to school, I start running around the playground. I 4. _______(run) slowly at the beginning. And soon I could run much faster. I 5. ______________ (keep) practicing and never 6. _______ (give) up. Now I am among the top ten runners in my class. I am so proud that I 7. _____________ (make) it. I’m sure I 8. ___________ (pass) the P.E. test in May. 1-8.have entered；have made ；get；ran；have kept；given；have made；will pass 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 2025天津一模 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different s 1 about the invention of the umbrella in China. The most popular one has something to do with Lu Ban. It’s said that once he and his wife visited the West Lake, it started raining suddenly. His wife said, “Let’s have a c 2 . Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up with a good way to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Lu Ban thought it was easy. He c 3 some tools and materials. Then he spent the whole night b 4 pavilions (亭子) around the lake. He was quite p 5 of his work. The next morning, when Lu Ban talked about his achievements (成就) and took pride in himself, his wife held something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. Lu Ban was s 6 . He found that the object (物体), made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed easily. It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said. “You win. Your invention can p 7 us from rain better.” So the umbrella was i 8 . Later, people began to use paper, which was c 9 than silk. To make the umbrella water-proof (防水), people brushed a kind of oil on the surface. So the oil-paper umbrella a 10 . 【答案】1．(s)tories 2．(c)ompetition/(c)ontest 3．(c)ollected 4．(b)uilding 5．(p)roud 6．(s)urprised 7．(p)rotect 8．(i)nvented 9．(c)heaper 10．(a)ppeared 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统手工艺品——油纸伞被发明的故事。 1．句意：关于伞在中国的发明有不同的故事。根据“about the invention of the umbrella in China”和首字母提示可知，此处表示关于伞在中国的发明的故事。story“故事”，different后接名词复数形式。故填(s)tories。 2．句意：我们来比赛吧。根据下一句“Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up with a good way to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指比赛。competition/contest“比赛”，a后接名词单数形式。故填(c)ompetition/(c)ontest。 3．句意：他收集了工具和材料。根据下一句“Then he spent the whole night ... pavilions around the lake.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指收集了（建造亭子所需的）工具和材料。collect“收集”，时态为一般过去时，陈述过去的事，谓语动词用过去式collected。故填(c)ollected。 4．句意：然后，他花了一整夜在湖边建造亭子。根据“he spent the whole night ... pavilions”和首字母提示可知，此处是指他花了一整夜建造亭子。build“建造”，spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，所以填动名词形式building。故填(b)uilding。 5．句意：他对自己的工作感到非常自豪。根据“He was quite ... of his work.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指他对自己的工作感到非常自豪。be proud of“对……感到自豪”。故填(p)roud。 6．句意：鲁班感到惊讶。根据下文“He found that the object, made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed easily. It was light, beautiful and easy to carry.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指鲁班感到惊讶。surprised“感到惊讶的”，形容词，作表语。故填(s)urprised。 7．句意：你的发明可以更好地保护我们免受雨水的侵袭。根据下文“us from rain better”和首字母提示可知，此处是指更好地保护我们免受雨水的侵袭。protect“保护”，情态动词 can后接动词原形。故填(p)rotect。 8．句意：因此伞被发明了。根据“the umbrella was ... .”和首字母提示可知，此处是指伞被发明。invent“发明”，用过去分词形式为invented，和前面的was一起构成被动语态。故填(i)nvented。 9．句意：后来，人们开始使用比丝绸更便宜的纸。根据“people began to use paper, which was ... than silk”和首字母提示可知，此处是人们开始使用比丝绸便宜的纸。应填形容词cheap“便宜的”比较级形式cheaper“更便宜的”，作表语。故填(c)heaper。 10．句意：因此油纸伞出现了。根据“the oil-paper umbrella ... .”和首字母提示可知，此处是指油纸伞出现了。appear“出现”，时态为一般过去时，陈述过去的事，谓语动词用过去式appeared。故填(a)ppeared。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法知识串讲1（现在完成时、过去进行时） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 现在完成时 过去进行时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 现在完成时 知识点01谓语构成 由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have, has可以缩写为’ve或’s, have not 缩写haven’t, has not 缩写hasn’t。 知识点02各种句式变化 否定形式是在have/has后加not。一般疑问句是把have/has放到句首。如： He has eaten breakfast. // He hasn’t eaten breakfast. //---- Has he eaten breakfast? ---- Yes, he has. (No, he hasn’t.) 【注意】过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同，有些特殊变化需单独记忆。 知识点03 现在完成时的用法 1 表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already, ever, never, just, yet, before 等词连用。 ② 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词。 1.I have just a ten-speed bicycle. 2.They have already the classroom. 3.We have here since 1976. 4.They have for more than two hours. 知识点04一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 知识点05 瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave, join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如： 误：The old man has died for a few years. 正：The old man has been dead for a few years. // The old man has been dead since a few years ago. The old man died a few years ago. // It is a few years since the old man died. A few years has passed since the old man died. 瞬间动词的变化： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have for (two years) has 　 come to… has since (1990) (had) 　 left… (had) 　 　 　 arrived… 　 　 　 　 died 　 　 　 　 begun 　 　 　 　 ended 　 　 　 　 bought... 　 　 　 　 borrowed… 　 　 　 　 joined… 　 　 知识点06 have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别： have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已离开那儿”之意，后可接次数（如once，twice，three times等）表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in表示“到某地多长时间了”，常与时间段连用。 1.I the Great wall. 我从未去过长城。 2.---- Where is Tom? ---- He the UK.（即现在不在这儿） 3.I Australia for three years. 我到澳大利亚已有三年了。 知识点07句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。 How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow) 过去进行时 知识点01 谓语构成：由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。 知识点02 各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。 一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如： He was not waiting for me at that time. ---- Was he waiting for me at that time? ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t) 知识点03 过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two always . 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy continually questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 知识点04 过去进行时常见的时间状语 ① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon ② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：yesterday, last Sunday等。 1.I was reading a book . 在那时我在看书。 2.I was watching TV . 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。 3. , we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。 知识点05 when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1. were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 易｜错｜点｜拨 过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It all night. (只说明下雨事实) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—How long ________ you ________ this digital dictionary? —For half a year. It helps me a lot with my English. A．have; used B．did; use C．do; use D．will; use 2．—How long ________ you ________ the traffic rules since you got your bike? —For half a year. I always ride carefully. A．have; followed B．did; follow C．do; follow D．will; follow 3．—How long ________ you ________ this learning app? —For half a year. It helps me a lot with my English. A．have; used B．did; use C．do; use D．will; use 4．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of saving electricity? —For three years. I always turn off lights when leaving rooms. A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have 5．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of checking your homework before handing it in? —For two years. It helps me avoid careless mistakes. A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have 6．—How long ________ you ________ this shared bike app? —For about six months. It’s very useful. A．have; used B．did; use C．do; use D．will; use 7．Chinese people ________ the special tea culture over the past centuries. A．develop B．developed C．have developed D．are developing 8．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of following traffic rules? —For two years. It keeps me safe on the road. A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have 9．My parents ________ in Qiqihar since they got married. They love this city. A．live B．lived C．have lived D．will live 10．Jane likes dancing very much and has been in the dance club _________ two years ago. A．after B．for C．since D．in 11．—Why didn’t you join us in the park yesterday? —I ________ my little sister ________ her online homework. A．help; do B．helped; do C．was helping; do D．am helping; do 12．—What ________ you ________ when the earthquake started last night? —I was watching TV in the living room. A．do; do B．were; doing C．did; do D．are; doing 13．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 7 last night? —I ________ after my little sister because my parents were out. A．look B．looked C．was looking D．have looked 14．—Why didn’t you go to the park with us yesterday? —I ________ my little sister ________ her online homework. A．help; do B．helped; do C．was helping; do D．am helping; do 15．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 8:00 last night? —I ________ with my mom about the family rules and didn’t hear the phone. A．talk B．talked C．was talking D．have talked 16．The old man ________ along the street when a bike hit him suddenly. A．walks B．walked C．was walking D．is walking 17．—What was your brother doing at 8 last night? —He ________ a movie with his friends at home. A．watches B．watched C．was watching D．will watch 18．—Why didn’t you answer my call at 6 last night? —I ________ with my brother about the school rules and didn’t hear the phone. A．talk B．talked C．was talking D．have talked 19．— ________ your brother ________ lunch when you got home? — Yes, he was. A．Was; having B．Did; have C．Is; having D．Does; have 20．— Why didn’t you go out yesterday? — Because it ________ heavily all day. A．rains B．rained C．is raining D．was raining 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。 Robin’s grandpa is 97 years old. He was 1 athlete when he was young. Now he is too old to walk. Both 2 Robin’s parents want to help him, but they don’t have enough time. 3 (luck), Robin knows robots well because he likes 4 (study) them. He wants to make a robot to help his grandpa. Robin says that the robot will look like a man. It will be able to pick things up and help his grandpa walk. It can also tell his grandpa 5 to take medicine. If his grandpa has some problems, the robot will call for help. 6 it is a machine, it shows great care. Next month, Robin 7 (start) to design the robot. He thinks that nowadays the robots are 8 (popular) than before. He says, “Early robots could only do simple jobs in factories. But now some robots can do dangerous 9 (job), such as putting out fires. And some can help take care of elderly people and improve 10 (they) lives. However, they are still too expensive. Maybe I can try my best to design a cheaper one.” 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一.填空 1．The athlete (swim) his final lap when he felt a sudden cramp in his leg. 2．On the day I visited it, the sky was clear and the sun was (shine). 3．We (climb) the hill when it began to rain heavily yesterday. 4．There was an accident near our school at 4:10 yesterday afternoon. It happened as we (go) home from school. 5．When/While/As Millie (watch) TV, lightning hit a nearby building. 二．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. China __________ (become) one of the strongest countries in the world already. 2. —What’s up, Sandy? —Look! What a mess! Somebody __________ (break) that window. 3. We ______________ (not agree) on where to go for our family trip yet. 4. The waste water from the factory ___________ (pollute) the rivers nearby recently. 5. My hometown ___________ (change) a lot in the past few years. 三．短文填空 We’ll have to take the P.E. test in May. But it is a big problem for me because I can’t run fast enough. I 1. _____ never _______ (enter) any P.E. tests. I must do something to improve. So I 2. ______________(make) a plan. Every morning, as soon as I 3. _______(get) to school, I start running around the playground. I 4. _______(run) slowly at the beginning. And soon I could run much faster. I 5. ______________ (keep) practicing and never 6. _______ (give) up. Now I am among the top ten runners in my class. I am so proud that I 7. _____________ (make) it. I’m sure I 8. ___________ (pass) the P.E. test in May. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 2025天津一模 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different s 1 about the invention of the umbrella in China. The most popular one has something to do with Lu Ban. It’s said that once he and his wife visited the West Lake, it started raining suddenly. His wife said, “Let’s have a c 2 . Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up with a good way to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Lu Ban thought it was easy. He c 3 some tools and materials. Then he spent the whole night b 4 pavilions (亭子) around the lake. He was quite p 5 of his work. The next morning, when Lu Ban talked about his achievements (成就) and took pride in himself, his wife held something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. Lu Ban was s 6 . He found that the object (物体), made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed easily. It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said. “You win. Your invention can p 7 us from rain better.” So the umbrella was i 8 . Later, people began to use paper, which was c 9 than silk. To make the umbrella water-proof (防水), people brushed a kind of oil on the surface. So the oil-paper umbrella a 10 . 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $