必修1 十大基础时态的被动语态-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修1-U4十大基础时态的被动语态 考频分析 十大基础时态的被动语态是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心 题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 结构的合理性与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，十大基础时态的被动语态的时态判断、语态转换 及主谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对十大基础时态被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖结构掌握与语境应用： ·基本结构辨识：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去 完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时被动语态的构成形式； ·时态语境匹配：结合时间状语、上下文逻辑判断不同时态被动语态的适用场景，如动作的经常性、完成 性、进行性等； ·句式转换应用：主动语态与被动语态的相互转换，特别是含情态动词、特殊疑问句、祈使句等句式的被 动结构转换。 精讲精练 知识点一：十大基础时态的被动语态 ·1.一般现在时被动语态 -结构：amis/are+过去分词 -例句：口English is spoken by many people.☐The classroom is cleaned every day. ·2.一般过去时被动语态 -结构：was/were+过去分词 -例句：☐The letter was written yesterday.☐These books were bought last week. ·3.一般将来时被动语态 -结构：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 -例句：☐A new hospital will be built next year..☐The meeting is going to be held tomorrow. ·4.现在进行时被动语态 -结构：amis/are being+过去分词 -例句：☐The house is being painted now.☐The problem is being discussed by them. ·5.过去进行时被动语态 -结构：was/were being+过去分词 -例句：☐The bridge was being repaired at this time last month.☐The song was being sung when I came in. ·6.现在完成时被动语态 -结构：have/has been+过去分词 -例句：☐The work has been finished already.☐These trees have been planted for two years. ·7.过去完成时被动语态 -结构：had been+过去分词 -例句：☐The report had been submitted before the meeting.☐All the tickets had been sold out by8 o'clock ·8.将来完成时被动语态 -结构：will have been+过去分词 -例句：□The project will have been completed by the end of this year.The book will have been translated into three languages by then. ·9.现在完成进行时被动语态 一结构：have/has been being+过去分词（注：该时态被动语态较少使用，通常简化为现在完成时被动） -例句：The machine has been being tested for a week, ·0.过去将来时被动语态 -结构：would be+过去分词was/were going to be+过去分词 -例句：He said the work would be done soon.☐The party was going to be held on Saturday.. 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动】请将句子"They clean the classroom every day..”改为被动语态： 2.【现在进行时被动】选择正确答案：The problem__by the teachers now. A.is discussing B.is being discussed C.discusses D.discussed 3.【现在完成时被动】用所给动词的正确形式填空：The work(finish)already. 4.【一般将来时被动】选择正确答案：A new park_in our city next year. A.will build B.will be built C.is built D.was built 5.【过去进行时被动】用所给动词的正确形式填空：The bridge__(repair)at this time yesterday. 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：时态和被动语态的易错点与特殊用法 ·1.不及物动词无被动语态 -口常见不及物动词happen(发生)、occur(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、arrive(到 达)、come(来)、go(去)、rise(上升)、fall(落下) -口例句辨析（√正确，×错误）√The accident happened yesterday..(happen为不及物动词，无被动 语态)x The accident was happened yesterday..(错误，不及物动词不能用于被动语态) ·2.主动表被动的特殊情况 -口感官动词(look,sound,smel‖，taste,feel)+adj.结构：主语+感官动词+形容词（主动形式表被动 意义)例句：口The flower smells sweet..(花闻起来很香，smell主动表被动)口The cloth feels soft. (布料摸起来很软，feel主动表被动) -口"be+形容词+todo”结构（主语是动作承受者）常见形容词：easy,difficult,hard,heay,light,, comfortable例句：口The question is easy to answer.(问题容易被回答，answer主动表被动)口This box is heavy to carry.(箱子搬起来很重，carry主动表被动) ·3.情态动词的被动语态 一口结构：情态动词(can,may,must,should,need等)+be+动词过去分词 -口例句：口The work must be finished today.(这项工作今天必须被完成)口This book can be borrowed from the library..(这本书可以从图书馆借到)口The mistake should be corrected immediately.(这个 错误应该立即被纠正) ·4.被动语态中by短语的省略与保留 -口省略by短语（不知道或不必指出动作执行者）例句：口The classroom is cleaned every day.(不必 指出谁打扫教室，省略bysb.)口A new bridge will be built next year..(不知道谁建桥，省略bysb.) -口保留by短语（需强调动作执行者）例句：口The novel was written by Lu Xun.(强调小说由鲁迅 所写，保留by Lu Xun)口The cake was made by my mother.(强调蛋糕由妈妈制作，保留bymy mother) ·5.过去分词的拼写易错点 -·不规则动词过去分词（需特殊记忆）see→seen(看见)、eat→eaten(吃)、break→broken(打 t破)、speak→spoken(说)、write→written(写) -☐例句对比(V正确，×错误)The window has been broken by Tom.(break的过去分词为broken, 正确)×The window has been broke by Tom.(错误，broke是过去式，不是过去分词)VThis letter was written by her yesterday.(write的过去分词为written,正ti确)×This letter was writed by her yesterday.(错误，writed拼写错误，应为written) 知识点三：被动语态与时态的综合应用 ·1.时态转换中的被动语态 一基础转换练习（高考核心)： *口一般现在时主动→被动：They grow rice in the south.→Rice is grown in the south *口一般过去时主动→被动：She wrote the letter yesterday..→The letter was written by her yes- terday. *口现在进行时主动→被动：Workers are building a bridge now.→A bridge is being built by workers now. *口现在完成时主动→被动：Ve have finished the project.→The project has been finished by us.. *口将来时主动→被动：They will hold the meeting tomorrow.→The meeting will be held tomorrow. ·2.含情态动词的被动语态 -常见情态动词搭配（高考必背）： *口can be done(能被做)→例句：This work can be finished in three days. *☐must be done(必须被做)→例句：The homework must be handed in on time *☐should be done(应该被做)→例句：The problem should be solved immediately. *口may be done(可能被做)→例句：The report may be submitted next week. *☐need be done(需要被做)→例句：The room needs to be cleaned.(注：need做实义动词时 用to be done) ·3.复杂句式中的被动语态 一从句中的被动应用（高考易错）： *口宾语从句被动：He said they would complete the task.→He said the task would be completed. *口定语从句被动：This is the book which people bought last week.→This is the book which was bought last week. *口状语从句被动：After workers finish the project,they will have a rest.→After the project is finished,they will have a rest. 一特殊结构被动（高考难点）： *☐It is said that.(据说)→例句：It is said that the film will be shown next month. *口be worth doing(值得被做)→例句：The book is worth reading.(主动形式表被动意义) *口have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I will have my hair cut tomorrow: ·解题小妙招：时态语态妙招 -时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； -主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; -被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; -一现被动“amis/are”,一过被动“was/were”; -进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; -将来被动“wibe”,现在完成进行被动“has been being”; -情态被动“情态动词+be”,最后加上一个done。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：被动语态基本结构识别 ·核心：根据时态特征和被动语态构成规则，判断不同时态被动语态的正确结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： The meeting _(hold)tomorrow afternoon.All teachers are required to attend. -答案：will be held解析：由时间标志词“tom orrow afternoon”可知，动作发生在将来，用一般将来 时被动语态，结构为“wibe+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Many trees_in our school last year. A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted -答案：C解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知，动作发生在过去，主语“trees”是动作承受者，用 一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were,plant的过去 分词为planted。 考法二：被动语态与时态的综合转换 ·核心：根据主动语态句子的时态和语境，将其准确转换为被动语态，需同时匹配时态结构和被动语态规 则 ·真题1（句型转换）： -They will finish the project by the end of next month.(改为被动语态) -答案：The project will have been finished by the end of next month. -解析：原句为将来完成时主动语态，其被动语态结构为“will have been+过去分词”；主语“the project”"是动作承受者，故转换为“The project will have been finished..” ·真题2（单项选择）： -A new library__in our school since last year,and it-next month. A.was built;will open B.has been built;will be opened C.has been being built;will be opened D.is being built;opens -答案：C -解析：第一空由“since last year?”可知动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，应用现在完成进行时被动 语态“has been being built?”;第二空由“next month”可知为将来时被动语态“will be opened”,故 选C。 考法三：被动语态的综合运用与特殊句式转换 ·核心：结合时态判断、主动被动转换及复杂句式，综合运用被动语态规则解决实际语境问题 ·真题1（单项选择）： The machine_non-stop for two days,so it_checked carefully before it is used again. A.has run;must be B.has been running;need be C.has been run;should be D.was running;can be -答案：C解析：第一空主语”machine”是动作"run”的承受者，由"for two days”可知用现在完成时被动 语态"has been run'”;第二空含情态动词”should'”,结构为”should be+过去分词”，表示”应该被检查”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -It is said that the ancient temple_(build)in the Ming Dynasty and_(repair)twice since then.Local people believe it_(protect)well by the government in the future. -答、：was built;has been repaired;will be protected -解析：第一空由"in the Ming Dynasty”可知用一般过去时被动语态”was built”;第二空由”since then” 可知用现在完成时被动语态"nas been repaired'”;第三空由"in the future'”可知用一般将来时被动语 态"will be protected”。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.A new bridge_over the river now,and it will be open next year. A.is built B.is being built C.was built D.will be built 2.By the end of next month,all the preparations for the sports meeting_. A.have been completed B.will complete C.will have been completed D.will be completing 3.The novel_into five languages since it was published in 2010. A.translates B.has translated C.has been translated D.was translated 4.My parents told me that the party_on Sunday,but it was canceled later. A.would be held B.will be held C.is held D.was holding 5.The old house_for three years,so it looks very dirty now. A.hasn't cleaned B.wasn't cleaned C.hasn't been cleaned D.isn't cleaned 6.This kind of cloth_soft and_well in the market. A.feels;sells B.is felt;is sold C.feels;is sold D.is felt;sells 7.The problem_at the meeting yesterday,but no decision was made. A.discussed B.was discussed C.has been discussed D.is being discussed 8.You can't use the computer now.Itby the technician. A.checks B.is checking C.is being checked D.has checked 9.It is said that the ancient coins_to the national museum next week. A.will donate B.will be donated C.donate D.are donated 10.The experiment __for a week,and the results will be announced soon. A.has been doing B.is done C.has been being done D.was done 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The classroom_(clean)every morning by the students. 2.A new subway line_(build)here next year,which will improve traffic. 3.By 9 o'clock last night,all the tickets for the concert(sell)out. 4.The machine_(test)for two days,and we need to wait for the final report. 5.He said that the project_(complete)by the end of this month. 6.The book_(translate)into English now,and it will be published next year. 7.The accident_(happen)suddenly,and no one was injured 8.This question_(answer)already,so you don't need to explain it again. 9.The meeting_(hold)in the conference room at 3 p.m.yesterday.