必修1 限定性定语从句-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修1-U6限定性定语从句 考频分析 限定性定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择（1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效 率)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词与关系副词的选择、主谓一致及从句时态呼应往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对限定性定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·l导词选择：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、.why)的指 代对象及句法功能辨析； ·基本结构特征：先行词的确定，从句时态与主句的一致性，引导词在从句中作宾语时的省略规则； ·特殊用法：当先行词为不定代词(al‖、something等)、被序数词或最高级修饰时引导词的选择，“介词 +关系代词”结构中介词的搭配与位置。 精讲精练 知识点一：限定性定语从句 ·定义（修饰先行词，不可省略） 一功能：限定先行词的范围，与主句联系紧密，删除后影响句意 -例句：口This is the book that I bought yesterday.(限定”书”是”我昨天买的那本")口The girl who is standing there is my sister.(限定”女孩”是”站在那里的那个”) ·引导词（关系代词/关系副词） 一关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语）： *that(指人I物，作主语/宾语，作宾语可省略)→例句：She likes the pen(hat)her father gave her.. (指物，作宾语省略) *which(指物，作主语/宾语，作宾语可省略)→例句：The film which we saw last night was interesting. (指物，作宾语) *who(指人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.(指人，作主语) *whom(指人，作宾语，可省略或用who替换)→例句：The boy(whom)we met yesterday is Tom. (指人，作宾语省略) *whose(指人物，作定语，表”…的")→例句：I know the girl whose mother is a doctor..(指人， 作定语修饰”mother”) 一关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语）： *when(指时间，在从句中作时间状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met..(指时 间，相当于"on which”) *where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语)→例句：This is the school where I studied ten years ago. (指地点，相当于"in which”) *why(指原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词常为reason)→例句：Do you know the reason why he was late'?(指原因，相当于"for which”) ·特别用法(that的特殊适用场景) 一先行词被序数词/最高级/不定代词修饰时用that→例句：口This is the first lesson that I learned.(序 数词first修饰先行词)It is the best film that I have ever seen.(最高级best修饰先行词)】 -先行词既有人又有物时用that→例句：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. (先行词为"teachers and schools”) -以who/which开头的疑问句中，为避免重复用that→例句：Who is the girl that is singing？(避免与 who重复) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：非限定性定语从句 ·定义（补充说明先行词，可省略） 一功能：对先行词进行补充描述，与主句关系松散，删除后不影响主句基本句意，用逗号与主句隔开 -例句：口The novel,.which I read last month,is very interesting.(补充说明”小说”是”我上个月读的 那本”)口My brother,who works in Beijing,will come back next week.(补充说明”哥哥”的工作地点) ·引导词（关系代词/关系副词，不可用that) -关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语）： *which(指物，作主语/宾语，不可省略)→例句：The city,,which is located in the south,has a warm climate.(指物，作主语) *who(指人，作主语/宾语，不可省略)→例句：Mr.Li,who teaches us physics,won the teaching award.(指人，作主语) *whom(指人，作宾语，不可省略或用who替换)→例句：The singer,whom we met at the concert, is very friendly.(指人，作宾语) *whose(指人/物，作定语，表”…的”)→例句：The house,whose windows face south,gets plenty of sunlight.(指物，作定语修饰"windows”) 一关系副词（指代先行词或整个主句，在从句中作状语）： *when(指时间，在从句中作时间状语)→例句：We will visit Paris in July,when the weather is nice. (指时间，相当于"in which”) *where(指地点，在从句中作地点状语)→例句：Our school,where|spent six years,.has a new library now.(指地点，相当于"in which") *why(不用于非限定性定语从句，先行词为reason时用for which替代)→例句：He was late,for which he apologized to the teacher..(替代why,指原因) ·特殊功能（指代整个主句内容） -关系代词which可指代整个主句，在从句中作主语/宾语，说明主句所述事实的结果或情况→例句：口 She passed the exam,which made her parents very happy.(which指代”她通过考试"这件事，作主 语)He forgot to bring the key,.which caused him to wait outside.(which指代”忘带钥匙”这件事， 作主语) -不可用that指代，且从句需用逗号与主句隔开→例句：The team won the game,which surprised everyone.(正确，which指代主句；错误：The team won the game that surprised everyone.) ·与限定性定语从句的对比 一语法功能差异：限定性从句限定范围（无逗号），非限定性从句补充说明（有逗号） *例句1（限定）：The student who wears a red coat is my deskmate.(特指”穿红外套的那个学生”) *例句2（非限定）：The student,who wears a red coat,is my deskmate.(补充说明”这个学生穿红 外套”，学生已明确) -引导词差异：限定性可用that,非限定性不可用that *错误：The book,that I bought yesterday,is on the desk.(非限定性从句不可用that) *正t确：The book,which I bought yesterday,.is on the desk. 知识点三：定语从句的常见错误与修正 ·引导词误用(that/which/who的混淆) -典型错误1：先行词指物时在非限定性从句中用that *错误：The book,that I bought yesterday,is very interesting. *修正：The book,which I bought yesterday,.is very interesting.(非限定性从句不可用that) -典型错误2：先行词指人时用which *错误：The girl which is standing there is my sister. *修正：The girl who is standing there is my sister..(指人用who/whom,不用which) ·关系代词省略不当 一典型错误1：关系代词作主语时省略 *错误：The film we saw last night was interesting.(从句主语hich/that被省略) *修正：The film which/that we saw last night was interesting.(作宾语可省略，作主语不可省略) 一典型错误2：非限定性从句中省略关系代词 *错误：ly brother,,works in Beijing,will come back next week. *修正：My brother,who works in Beijing,will come back next week.(非限定性从句引导词不可省 略) ·关系副词与介词+关系代词混淆 -典型错误1：where误用为which(缺少介词)】 *错误：This is the school which I studied ten years ago. *修正：This is the school where I studied ten years ago.(或This is the school in which I studied ten years ago. -典型错误2：when误用为hat(缺少介词) *错误：I still remember the day that we first met. *修正：I still remember the day when we first met..(或I still remember the day on which we first met. ·先行词既有人又有物时用which -典型错误：He talked about the teachers and schools which he had visited. -修正：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.(先行词既有人又有物时用that) ·非限定性从句指代主句时用that -典型错误：She passed the exam,that made her parents very happy. -修正：She passed the exam,which made her parents very happy.(指代主句内容只能用which) ·逗号使用错误（限定性与非限定性混淆） 一典型错误1：限定性从句加逗号 *错误：The girl,who is standing there,.is my sister.(特指“站在那里的女孩”，无需逗号) *修正：The girl who is standing there is my sister, 一典型错误2：非限定性从句缺少逗号 *错误：My brother who works in Beijing will come back next week.(补充说明“哥哥在北京工作”， 需逗号隔开) *修正：My brother,.who works in Beijing,will come back next week. ·why用于非限定性从句 -典型错误：He was late,why he apologized to the teacher. -修正：He was late,for which he apologized to the teacher..(非限定性从句中why需用for which替 代) ·先行词为不定代词时用which -典型错误：Everything which he said is true, -修正：Everything that he said is true.(先行词为不定代词时用that) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：限定性定语从句引导词选择 ·核心：根据先行词类型（人物时间/地点原因）及在从句中的语法功能（主语/宾语定语状语），选择正 确的关系代词或关系副词 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girlis sitting by the window is my best friend. -答案：who解析：先行词“the girl'”指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词ho。 ·真题2（完形填空）： This is the museum-we saw many ancient artifacts last week A.which B.where C.when D.whose -答案：B解析：先行词“the museum”指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where(相当 于“in which")o 考法二：限定性与非限定性定语从句的辨析与运用 ·核心：根据句子语境判断定语从句类型（限定性/非限定性），正确选择引导词并规范使用逗号 ·真题1（语法填空）： The town-we visited last year has changed a lot.It now has a new shopping mall and a park -答案：which/that解析：从句"we visited last year'"限定先行词"town”的范围，为限定性定语从句；先 行词指物且在从句中作宾语，可用which或that,也可省略。 ·真题2（单选题）： -My brother_lives in London is coming to see me next month. A.who B.whom C.which D.that -答案：A解析：从句修饰先行词"brother'”(指人)且在从句中作主语，限定性定语从句可用who或that; 但选项中无that,故选择who。此处为限定性从句，无逗号。 ·真题3（句子改错）： -原句：The book,that I borrowed from the library,.is very interesting. -答案：将that改为which解析：该句为非限定性定语从句（逗号隔开），先行词指物时不可用that,需 用which引导。 ·真题4（完形填空）： She won the first prize,_made her parents very proud. A.that B.which C.who D.what 一答案：B解析：从句指代主句”她赢得一等奖”这件事，为非限定性定语从句，需用which引导且用逗 号隔开；hat不可用于非限定性从句或指代整个主句。 考法三：限定性与非限定性定语从句的综合辨析与运用 ·核心：区分限定性与非限定性定语从句的语法功能，掌握引导词选择规侧及逗号使用规范，能识别并修 正常见错误。 ·真题1（单项选择）： The town__we visited last summer has changed a lot,-makes the locals very proud. A.which;which B.where;which C.that;that D.where;that -答案：A解析：第一空引导限定性定语从句，先行词“the town”指物，在从句中作宾语，可用which 或hat;第二空引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句“小镇变化大”这件事，只能用which,且不可用 thato ·真题2（语法填空）： My uncle,_works in a hospital,bought me a book about space yesterday.The book_cover is blue has many beautiful pictures -答案：who;whose解析：第一空引导非限定性定语从句，先行词“my uncle”指人，在从句中作主语， 用who;第二空引导限定性定语从句，先行词“the book'”与“cover”?为所属关系，用whose作定语。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 限定非限看逗号，有逗非限无逗限； 先行词类先判断，人用who whom whose,物用which that whose; 功能再分主宾状，主宾用代词，状用副词where when why; that不用非限中，也不指代整句事； 先行既人又有物，关系代词只用that; 时间地点作宾时，不用when where用that/which。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The girlis standing at the door is my cousin. A.who B.which C.whom D.whose 2.This is the factory_my father worked ten years ago. A.that B.where C.which D.when 3.He passed the exam,-surprised all his classmates. A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.I still remember the day_we first met at school A.which B.where C.when D.why 5.The book_cover is red was written by Mo Yan A.which B.who C.whose D.that 6.This is the best film_I have ever seen. A.which B.that C.who D.what 7.My brother,_lives in Beijing,will come back next week. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 8.He talked about the teachers and schools_he had visited A.which B.who C.that D.where 9.She lost her new bike,_made her very sad. A.that B.which C.who D.whom 10.The reason_he was late is that he missed the bus. A.why B.which C.where D.when 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is the house_I was born. 2.The man_you met yesterday is my uncle 3.I don't know the reason_she left early. 4.We visited the museum_we saw many ancient paintings. 5.The girl_mother is a doctor studies very hard 6.He has a friendfather is a famous writer. 7.This is the first English song-I learned. 8.She told me a story_made me laugh. 9.The city _I grew up is very beautiful. 10.We will never forget the days_we spent together. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） I live in a small town-1 is surrounded by mountains.Last summer,I visited my grandparents-2 live in the countryside.The village_3 they live is very peaceful.We walked along the river_4 we used to play when we were young.My grandfather told me stories_5 were very interesting.One day,we went to a farm_6 we picked fresh vegetables.The farmer_7 we met was very kind.He gave us some apples_8 were very sweet.In the evening,we sat under the tree_9 we could see many stars.It was a wonderful trip_10 I will never forget. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.A8.C9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.where2.whom/who/.that(可省略)3.why4.where5.whose 6.whose7.that8.which/.that9.where10.which/that(可省略) 演练三：语法填空 1.which/that 2.who/that 3.where 4.where 5.which/that 6.where7.whom/who/that(可省略)8.which/.that9.where1O.hich/that(可省略) 高中|英语|沪教版