动词不定式-备战2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH初三上系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1动词不定式 考频分析 动词不定式是中考英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的10%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项选 择1-2题、完形填空23题、语法填空23题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子结构的合理性与表达的 丰富性。在语境理解类题目中，动词不定式的句法功能（如作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等）及 与谓语动词的搭配关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对动词不定式的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构与特征：to+动词原形的构成形式，否定式ot to do的正确表达，以及不带to的特殊情况（如 使役动词let/make/have后、情态动词后等)； ·句法功能辨析：在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语（目的、结果、原因）、宾语补足语的用法及语 境判断； ·固定搭配与句式：接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词(want/hope/decide等)，“疑问词+不定式”结构， 以及“Its+adj.+to do sth.”等常用句型。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词不定式的结构及基础用法 ·基本结构(to+动词原形，否定形式在to前加not) -肯定式：to do sth.→例句：She wants to read a book. -否定式：not to do sth.→例句：He told me not to open the window, ·作宾语（放在及物动词后，表动作内容） -常见动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、Iike(喜欢) -例句：☐I hope to visit Beijing next summer..口They decided to study hard. ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） -常见动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、teach(教)、want(想要) -例句：☐ly mother asks me to clean my room.口He teaches us to play basketball.. ·作目的状语（表动作目的，常位于句首或句末） -标志词：to(为了)→例句：To learn English well,she practices every day..☐He went to the shop to buy some food. ·作表语（放在系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） -常见系动词：be(是)、seem(似乎)、appear(显得) -例句：口Her dream is to be a teacher..☐The task seems to be easy.. 【即学即练】 1.【基本结构】He told me (not play)computer games too much. 2.【作宾语】hich verb can't be followed by"todo”as object? A.want B.hope C.make D.decide 3.【作宾补】My teacher asks us (finish)homework on time. 4.【作目的状语】 (improve)my English,I read English every morning. 5.【作表语】His goal is (become)a good doctor in the future. 初三上|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：动词不定式的基本用法和功能 ·作主语（表示具体动作或抽象概念） -基本结构：To+动词原形+其他成分（常用t作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻） 一例句： *To learn English well is important.(直接作主语，“学好英语很重要”) *It is necessary to finish homework on time.(it作形式主语，真正主语是to finish homework on time) ·作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） -常接不定式的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、try(尝试)、plan(计划) -例句： *She wants to buy a new pen.(want+to buy,“她想买一支新钢笔”) *They plan to visit the museum next Sunday.(plan+to visit,,“他们计划下周日参观博物馆”) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作可或状态） -常接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、help(帮助，to可 省略) 一例句： *My mother asks me to clean my room.(ask sb.to do sth.,“妈妈让我打扫房间") *He often helps me(to)carry heavy bags.(help sb.(to)do sth.,“他经常帮我提重袋子") ·作目的状语（表示动作的目的，常位于句首或句末） -结构：T。+动词原形+主句（句首时，不定式后用逗号隔开） -例句： *To get good grades,he studies very hard.(句首表目的，“为了取得好成绩，他努力学习") *She runs every morning to keep healthy.(句末表目的，“她每天早上跑步来保持健康”) ·作表语（位于be动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） 一结构：主语+be+to+动词原形 -例句： *His dream is to be a doctor.(“他的梦想是成为一名医生”) *The first step is to read the instructions carefully..(“第一步是仔细阅读说明") ·作定语（修饰名词，表“要做的事”或“用途”，位于名词后） 一结构：名词+to+动词原形 一例句： *I have a lot of homework to do.(“我有很多作业要做”，todo修饰homework) *She needs a pen to write with.(“她需要一支钢笔写字”，to write with修饰pen,with不可省略) ·不定式的否定形式（在to前加not) -结构：not+to+动词原形 一例句： *ly teacher tells me not to be late for class.(“老师告诉我上课不要迟到") *He decided not to go there by bus.(“他决定不坐公交车去那里") 知识点三：动词不定式的特殊用法及易错点 ·不带to的不定式（中考核心） 一情态动词后：can,may,must,should等情态动词后接动词原形，无to -例句：☐You must finish your homework first..(你必须先完成作业)☐She can speak English well.. (她英语说得很好) -使役动词后：let,make,have后接不带to的不定式作宾补（被动语态需还原to) -例句：口My mother lets me watch TV for an hour..(主动：妈妈让我看一小时电视)口He was made to clean the classroom.(被动：他被迫打扫教室) -感官动词后：see,hear,watch,.notice等后接不带to的不定式表动作全过程 -例句：口I saw her cross the street.(我看见她过马路了（全过程）)口We heard him sing in the park.. (我们听见他在公园唱歌了（全过程）) ·疑问词+不定式（中考常考） -结构：疑问词(what/when/how/where)+todo(相当于名词短语，可作主语、宾语等) -例句：口Idon't know what to do next.(作宾语：我不知道接下来做什么)口How to solve the problem is important.(作主语：如何解决这个问题很重要) 一易错点：疑问词后必须接及物动词，不及物动词需加相应介词 -例句：口Please tell me where to go.(go为不及物动词，无需加介词)口She doesn't know which pen to write with.(write为不及物动词，需加介个词with) ·不定式的省略（中考易错） 一避免重复：上文已出现过不定式动词，下文可省略to后的动词原形，保留to -例句：☐He wanted to go shopping,but I didn't want to.(省略go shopping)You can stay here if you want to.(省略stay here) -固定搭配：had better(not)do(最好（不）做)/would rather do than do(宁愿做…而不愿做…) -例句：口You had better not play computer games.(你最好不要玩电脑游戏)口She would rather read than watch TV.(她宁愿看书也不愿看电视) ·不定式的时态与语态（初中拓展） 一一般式(todo):表示动作与谓语动词同时或之后发生 -例句：I hope to see you tomorrow.(hope与see动作先后发生) -被动式(to be done):表示不定式动作承受者 -例句：The work needs to be finished by Friday.(工作是被完成的对象) ·中考易错点辨析 1.使役动词主动/被动语态中to的遗漏： -He was made clean the room.→He was made to clean the room.(被动语态需还原to) -y mother makes me to study hard.→My mother makes me study hard.(主动语态使役动词 后不带to) 2.疑问词+不定式中介词的遗漏： -She doesn't know which pen to write.-She doesn't know which pen to write with.(write 不及物动词，需加介词with) -don't know where to live in.→Idon't know where to live.(where为地点副词，无需加介词in) 3.否定形式中not的位置错误： -He told me to not be late.→He told me not to be late.(否定式not需放在to前) -1 decide to not-go out tonight.→I decide not to go out tonight.(not位置错误，需调整至to前) 4.作定语时介词的遗漏： -need a paper to write:.→I need a paper to write on.(write为不及物动词，修饰paper需加介 词on) -She has a chair to sit.→She has a chair to sit on.(sit为不及物动词，修饰chair需加介词on) 初三上|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-初三上系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：不定式作定语 ·核心：识别不定式作定语的用法，判断其在句中修饰名词时的结构及介词搭配 ·真题1（语法填空）： I have some important things_(do)today. 一答案：todo解析：此处用不定式todo修饰名词things,.表“要做的事”，结构为“名词+to+动词原 形”。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -She needs a piece of paper_on. A.write B.to write C.writing D.writes -答案：B解析：不定式to write修饰名词paper,,表用途“用来写字的纸”；write为不及物动词，与 paper之间需用介词on连接，完整结构为“paper to write on”,此处选项中已体现不定式符号to,故 选B。 考法二：动词不定式作宾语与作定语的辨析 ·核心：根据动词不定式在句中的位置及与被修饰词的关系，区分其作宾语（跟在及物动词后）和作定语 (修饰名词，位于名词后)的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： She wants_(buy)a book_(read). -答案：to buy;to read解析：第一空，want是及物动词，后接不定式作宾语，用to buy;第二空，a book是名词，不定式to read位于名词后作定语，表“用来读的书”。 ·真题2（单项选择）： We have many things_this weekend.Let's plan__a picnic first. A.do:to have B.to do;having C.to do:to have D.doing;to have -答案：C解析：第一空，things是名词，用不定式todo作定语，表“要做的事情”；第二空，plan是 及物动词，后接不定式作宾语，用to have,故选C。 考法三：动词不定式的综合应用与被动转换 ·核心：结合不定式作宾补、不带o的情况及被动语态，判断不定式符号to的保留或省略，掌握主动句 与被动句的转换规则 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The teacher made him_the blackboard just now.Now he is made_it again. A.clean;clean B.to clean;clean C.clean;to clean D.to clean;to clean -答案：C解析：主动语态中使役动词make后接不带to的不定式(make sb.do sth.),故第一空用 clean;被动语态中需还原to(be made to do sth.),故第二空用to clean。 ·真题2（句型转换）： -My mother told me not to play computer games..(改为被动语态) -I_not to play computer games by my mother. -答案：was told解析：原句为主动语态“tell sb.not to do sth.”,改为被动语态时，宾语me变为主 语l,谓语动词用“be+told”,原句时态为过去时，主语I对应be动词was,不定式否定形式not to play保持不变。 初三上|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH初三上系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 不定式作定语，名词之后紧跟它；动宾关系看是否及物，不及物动词加介词； 作宾还是作定语，位置关系是关键；及物动词后是宾语，名词之后是定语； 使役动词主动态，不带to是常态；被动语态要还原，to字干万别忘了； 主动变被动，宾主互换位，谓语be加过去分词，不定式结构不改变。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.He hopes_the Great Wall with his family next month. A.visit B.to visit C.visiting D.visits 2.My father told me_too much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.not spend 3.It is importantEnglish every day. A.practice B.to practice C.practicing D.practiced 4.They decided_to the countryside for vacation. A.go B.going C.togo D.went 5.We saw him_the classroom quietly just now. A.leave B.to leave C.leaving D.left 6.She needs a penwith. A.write B.to write C.writing D.writes 7.The teacher asked us-the text after class. A.read B.to read C.reading D.reads 8.How_this problem is a big challenge for us. A.solve B.to solve C.solving D.solved 9.He was made_the work all by himself. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 10.I have a lot of homeworktonight. A.do B.to do C.doing D.does 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She wants_(buy)a new dress for the party. 2.My mother often tells me_(not be)late for school. 3.It's easy_(learn)English well if you work hard. 4.They plan_(visit)their grandparents next weekend. 5.He decided_(study)abroad after finishing high school. 6.We need_(finish)this task before Friday. 7.The little girl is too young_(dress)herself. 8.My teacher asked me_(answer)this question in class. 9.I hope_(see)you again soon. 10.He was made _(clean)the room by his mother. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Tom is a middle school student.He has many dreams.His biggest dream is 1-(become)a scientist when he grows up.To make his dream come true,he tries 2(study)hard every day.He usually gets up early 3_(read)English.After school,he likes 4(do)some experiments in his room.His parents often tell him 5(not spend)too much time on experiments and 6(pay)attention to other subjects.But Tom thinks it's important 7-(follow)his interests.He has a notebook 8(write)down his ideas.Sometimes he asks his teacher how 9_(solve)difficult problems.He knows that it's not easy 10_(achieve)his dream, but he will never give up. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.B7.B8.B9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.to buy 2.not to be 3.to learn 4.to visit 5.to study 6.to finish 7.to dress 8.to answer 9.to see 10.to clean 演练三：语法填空 1.to become 2.to study 3.to read 4.to do 5.not to spend 6.to pay 7.to follow 8.to write 9.to solve 10.to achieve 初三上|英语|冀教版