内容正文:
ENGLISH初二上系列资料(冀教版)
Chapter1五种基本句型和成分分析
考频分析
五种基本句型和成分分析是中考英语句法的核心模块,考频占句法总量的30%左右,贯穿试卷所有核心
题型:单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(4-5题)、书面表达(核心考察,直接影响句子
结构规范性与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中,句型结构分析及句子成分划分往往是解题关键。
考查内容
中考对五种基本句型和成分分析的考察聚焦三大维度,覆盖基础结构与成分识别:
·句型结构辨识:主谓、主谓宾、主谓表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补五种基本句型的构成特点与判定;
·句子成分分析:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语的词性特征与句法功能:
·复杂句式拆解:简单句扩展中修饰成分(定语、状语)的位置与作用,及基本句型在语境中的变式应用。
精讲精练
知识点一:五种基本句型及成分分析
·主谓句型(主语+不及物动词)
-结构特点:句子主干为主语(动作发出者)+不及物动词(V1,无需接宾语)
-例句:口Birds fly.(主语Birds,.谓语fly)He studies hard..(主语He,谓语studies,hard为状语)
·主谓宾句型(主语+及物动词+宾语)
-结构特点:主语+及物动词(Vt.,需接宾语表动作对象)+宾语(名词代词短语等)
-例句:She eats apples.(主语She,谓语eats,宾语apples)口Ne learn English.(主语We,谓
语learn,.宾语English)
·主系表句型(主语+系动词+表语)
一结构特点:主语+系动词(无实义,连接主语和表语)+表语(形容词/名词介词短语等,表主语状
态身份)
-例句:The flower is red.(主语The flower,系动词is,表语red)He becomes a teacher.(主语
He,系动词becomes,表语a teacher)
·主谓双宾句型(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
一结构特点:主语+及物动词(接双宾语,间接宾语表人,直接宾语表物)
一例句:口My mother gave me a gift.(主语My mother.,谓语gave,间接宾语me,直接宾语agit)口
He taught us math.(主语He,谓语taught,间接宾语us,直接宾语math)
·主谓宾补句型(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
一结构特点:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词/名词/不定式等,补充说明宾语状态/身份)
-例句:口Ve keep the room clean.(主语We,谓语keep,宾语the room,宾补clean)口They made
him happy.(主语They,谓语made,宾语him,宾补happy)
【即学即练】
1.【句型辨识】”Birds fly.”属于什么基本句型?
A.主谓句型
B.主谓宾句型
C.主系表句型
D.主谓双宾句型
2.【成分分析】在"He becomes a teacher.”中,”a teacher'”充当什么句子成分?
A.宾语
B.表语
C.定语
D.状语
3.【句型判断】请判断"My mother gave me a gift.”的句型结构(填写缩写):
4.【宾补识别】在"Ne keep the room clean.”中,"clean”是:
A.宾语
B.状语
C.宾语补足语
D.表语
5.【系动词辨析】下列单词中不属于系动词的是:
A.is
B.look
C.run
D.become
初二上|英语|冀教版
ENGLISH-初二上系列资料(冀教版)
知识点二:五种基本句型和成分分析(进阶)
·主谓句型(S+V)
1.构成:主语(动作发出者)+不及物动词(ⅵ,后面不能直接加宾语)
2.例句:
-口The sun rises.(主语The sun,不及物动词rises)
-·They laughed loudly.(主语They,不及物动词laughed)
·主谓宾句型(S+V+O)
1.构成:主语+及物动词(t,后面必须加宾语)+宾语(动作承受者,通常是名词/代词)
2.例句:
-口She reads books.(主语She,及物动词reads,宾语books)
-口e visited Beijing.(主语We,及物动词visited,宾语Beijing)
·主系表句型(S+V+P)
1.构成:主语+系动词(bl感官动词/变化动词等)+表语(说明主语状态/特征,通常是形容词/名词介
词短语)
2.常见系动词:be(amis/are)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、get(变得)、become
(成为)
3.例句:
-He is a teacher.(主语He,系动词is,表语a teacher)
-口The flowers look beautiful..(主语The flowers,系动词look,表语beautiful)
·主谓双宾句型(S+V+州O+DO)
1.构成:主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物,动作直接承受者)
2.常见动词:give(给)、teach(教)、show(展示)、buy(买)、tell(告诉)
3.例句:
-口My mother bought me a gift.(主语ly mother,,动词bought,,间接宾语me,直接宾语agit)
-口He taught us English.(主语He,动词taught,间接宾语us,直接宾语English)
·主谓宾补句型(S+V+O+C)
1.构成:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(补充说明宾语的状态/动作,通常是形容词/名词/动词原
形现在分词)
2.例句:
-口Ne keep the room clean.(主语We,动词keep,宾语the room,宾补clean)
-They call her Lucy.(主语They,动词cal,宾语her,宾补Lucy)
-口I saw him playing football.(主语l,动词saw,宾语him,宾补playing football)
知识点三:句子成分专项解析
·主语(Subject)
一定义:句子中动作的发出者或被描述的主体,通常由名词、代词、动名词等充当。
-分类及例句:
*口名词作主语:The students study hard.(主语The students)
*口代词作主语:She likes music.(主语She)
*口动名词作主语:Swimming is good exercise.(主语Swimming)
*口不定式作主语:To learn English well is important.(主语To learn English well)
·谓语(Predicate)
一定义:表示主语动作或状态的动词,分为实义动词、系动词和情态动词+动词原形。
-分类及例句:
*口实义动词(不及物):The wind blows.(谓语blows)
*口实义动词(及物):He eats breakfast.(谓语eats)
*口系动词:The cake tastes sweet..(系动词tastes)
*口情态动词+动词原形:Ve must finish homework.(谓语must finish)
·宾语(Object)
一定义:及物动词或介词后的动作承受者,分为直接宾语(物)和间接宾语(人)。
一分类及例句:
*口直接宾语:ly mother bought a book.(直接宾语a book)
*口间接宾语:She gave me a pen.(间接宾语me,直接宾语apen)
*口代词作宾语:I know her.(宾语her)
*口从句作宾语:He said that he was busy..(宾语从句that he was busy)
·表语(Predicative)
一定义:系动词后说明主语身份、特征或状态的成分,由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。
一分类及例句:
*口形容词作表语:The sky is blue.(表语blue)
*口名词作表语:He is a doctor..(表语a doctor)
*口介词短语作表语:The cat is on the desk.(表语on the desk)
*口不定式作表语:Her dream is to travel.(表语to travel)
·定语(Attribute)
一定义:修饰名词或代词的成分,通常由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。
一分类及例句:
*口形容词作定语:A red apple is on the table.(定语red)
*口代词作定语:His book is interesting.(定语His)
*口数词作定语:Three girls are singing.(定语Three)
*口介词短语作定语:The girl in red is my sister.(定语inred)
·状语(Adverbial)
一定义:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
-分类及例句:
*口时间状语:Ne will go tomorrow.(时间状语tom orrow)
*口地点状语:They play in the park.(地点状语in the park)
*口方式状语:She runs quickly.(方式状语quickly)
*☐原因状语:He was late because he missed the bus.(原因状语because he missed the bus)
·宾语补足语(Object Complement)
一定义:补充说明宾语的状态或身份,由形容词、名词、不定式等充当。
一分类及例句:
*口形容词作宾补:I find the story interesting.(宾补interesting)
*口名词作宾补:Ve made him monitor..(宾补m onitor)
*口不定式作宾补:My teacher told me to read aloud.(宾补to read aloud)
*口现在分词作宾补:I saw her dancing.(宾补dancing)
·中考易错点辨析
1.主谓句型与主谓宾句型混淆:
-He runs fast the park.→He runs fast in the park.(run为不及物动词,不能直接接宾语,需加
介词in)
-She eat an apple:.→She eats an apple..(eat为及物动词,需接宾语,且主语为第三人称单数,
谓语用eats)
2.系动词与实义动词误用:
-The cake tastes well..→The cake tastes sweet..(taste为系动词,后接形容词作表语,well作形
容词时表”身体好”)
-He is look happy→He looks happy.(系动词不能与be动词重复使用)
3.双宾语与宾补结构混淆:
She gave me a book interesting.-She gave me an interesting book.(interesting book,
作定语而非宾补)
-/e made a cake for her happy.→Ne made her happy with a cake.(happy补充说明her,作
宾补)
4.句子成分判定错误:
-n the park(主语),they pla时foot地al.→They(主语)play football in the park(地点状语).
(介词短语不能作主语)
-He bought red(宾语)apeh.→He bought a red(定语)pen(宾语).(red修饰pen,作定语)
初二上|英语|冀教版
ENGLISH-初二上系列资料(冀教版)
考法一:基本句型辨析
·核心:根据句子结构及成分特征,判断句子属于哪种基本句型
·真题1(语法填空):
The little girl(smile)happily.
一答案:smiled解析:分析句子结构,主语为The little girl,,空格处为谓语动词,后面没有直接接宾语,
符合主谓句型(S+V)结构特点,用不及物动词;结合语境,此处用一般过去时,smile的过去式为
smiled。
·真题2(完形填空):
My mother often tells_stories before bedtime.
A.I
B.me
C.my
D.mine
-答案:B解析:分析句子结构,主语为My mother,谓语动词为tels,后面需要接双宾语,间接宾语通
常为人且用宾格形式,me是I的宾格,符合主谓双宾句型(S+V+lO+DO)中”间接宾语表人”的特点。
考法二:基本句型判断与成分分析
·核心:识别句子的基本句型结构,并分析句子中指定成分的名称及作用
·真题1(语法填空):
-The children painted the wall一.(填入合适的词,使句子成为主谓宾补句型)
-答案:white解析:句子为主谓宾补句型(S+V+O+C)。主语The children,谓语painted,宾语the
wall,空格处需填入形容词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语the wall的状态,white(白色的)符合要求。
·真题2(单项选择):
Which sentence is in the S+V+lO+DO structure?
A.She looks happy
B.My friend gave me a pen
C.We clean the classroom.
D.Birds sing beautifully.
-答案:B解析:选项B为主谓双宾句型(S+V+lO+DO)。主语My friend,谓语gave,间接宾语me
(人),直接宾语apen(物),符合”主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构;A为主系表句
型,C为主谓宾句型,D为主谓句型。
考法三:句子结构综合分析与成分判断
·核心:结合五种基本句型识别句子结构,准确划分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾补等核心成分
·真题1(单项选择):
Which sentence is in the S+V+O+C structure?
A.He is a student
B.They bought her a gift
C.We painted the wall white
D.The sun rises in the east
-答案:C解析:选项C中We(主语)+painted(及物动词作谓语)+the wall(宾语)+white(形容词作宾
补),符合主谓宾补句型(S+V+O+C);A为主系表句型(S+V+P),B为主谓双宾句型(S+V+O+DO),
D为主谓句型(S+V)。
·真题2(语法填空):
-The teacher asked us_(keep)the classroom clean.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
-答案:to keep解析:句中us是宾语,空格处需填宾语补足语。ask后接不定式作宾补,构成”ask sb.
to do sth.”结构,故填to keep.。此句为主谓宾补句型(S+V+O+C),其中The teacher(主语)+asked
(谓语)+us(宾语)+to keep the classroom clean(不定式短语作宾补)。
初二上|英语|冀教版
ENGLISH初二上系列资料(冀教版)
真题演练
演练一:单项选择(共10题)
1.Which sentence is in the S+V structure?
A.She reads books
B.The wind blows
C.They made him happy
D.He is a doctor
2.The sentence"My father bought me a bike"belongs to_.
A.S+V
B.S+V+O
C.S+V+IO+DO
D.S+V+O+C
3.Which underlined part is the predicate?
A.The sun rises in the east
B.We learn English every day
C.He looks happy today
D.My mother gave me a gift
4.In "They keep the room clean","clean"is the_
A.subject
B.predicate
C.object
D.object complement
5.Which sentence is in the S+V+P structure?
A.Birds sing loudly
B.She became a nurse
C.I bought a new pen
D.He told us a story
6.The sentence "We painted the door red"is a(n)_sentence.
A.S+V
B.S+V+O
C.S+V+1O+DO
D.S+V+O+C
7.Which of the following is an intransitive verb?
A.eat
B.run
C.teach
D.keep
8.ln”He taught us math”,”math”is the一.
A.indirect object
B.direct object
C.subject
D.predicate
9.Which sentence is NOT in the S+V+O structure?
A.I like apples
B.They visited Beijing
C.The flowers look beautiful
D.We study English
10.The underlined word in"She made him laugh"is the_.
A.subject
B.predicate
C.object
D.object complement
演练二:填空试题(共10题)
1.The students_(study)hard.(主谓句型)
2.ly mother often tells_()stories.(主谓双宾句型)
3.The soup tastes一.(主系表句型,填入形容词)
4.Ve should keep the classroom一.(主谓宾补句型,填入形容词)
5.The sun_(rise)in the morning.(主谓句型)
6.He gave_(she)a pencil.(主谓双宾句型)
7.The little girl seems一.(主系表句型,填入形容词)
8.They elected him一·(主谓宾补句型,填入名词,如”班长”)
9.ly father bought a new car.(此句属于_句型,填句型结构缩写)