用英语讲述中国传统文化之传统文化阅读之民俗文化 专练 -2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

用英语讲述中国传统文化之传统文化阅读 名俗文化 Passage 1阅读理解A 主题语境：传统习俗 语篇类型：记叙文 词数: 321 建议用时：8分钟 The Kitchen God, or Zao Wangye, is a popular deity(神) most Chinese families worship. Many Chinese homes have a paper image or picture of the deity hung throughout the year near the family's stove. The Kitchen God not only watches over the domestic affairs of a family, but also acts.as a moral force in the lives of all family members. Households offer sacrificial foods to theKitchen God during theMinor New Year (the23rd/24th day of the 12th lunar month). On this day,the deity ascends to Heaven to present his annual behavioral report on each family to the Jade Emperor. According to the report,the Jade Emperor rewards or punishes each household accordingly. “Nian gao”, a traditional Chinese sticky rice cake sweetened with sugar and honey, is used as an offering to the Kitchen God. During the ritual, families place the cake on the deity's lips to symbolically seal his mouth, ensuring he delivers a favorable report to the Jade Emperor. The Kitchen God’ s ascent (上升) to heaven is accomplished by burning his image. The smoke rising symbolically represents his journey to the Jade Emperor,while firecrackers are lit to speed up the Kitchen God’ s travel. * Some families offer spirit paper during the deity's burning and even pour rice wine over the deity's image to produce a bright flame, which is supposed to speed up the journey to Heaven as well. A new picture of him is then placed above the stove for the coming year. If the household has a statue or a nameplate of the Kitchen God,it will be taken down and cleaned. On the 4th day of Chinese New Year, families welcome back the Kitchen God with food offerings after his heaven trip. This ends the short break when he wasn't watching the household's behavior. Typical offerings include whole fish(for good fortune) and special cakes. 1 Why is the Kitchen God worshipped in many households? A. He is the most important deity in the household. B. B. He takes control of the household's meals. C. He oversees everything in the household. D. He inspires everyone to strive for a better life. 2 What can we infer from the households’sacrifice to the Kitchen God? A. People expect to live a better life next year. B. People believe they can control the super power. C. People can communicate with the Kitchen God. D. The Kitchen God is fond of eating sweet food. 3 What can people do to make the Kitchen God’ s journey faster to the Jade Emperor? A. By cleaning his image. B. By sacrificing nian gao. C. By lighting firecrackers. D. By offering rice wine to him. 4What can be the best title of the text? A. The Kitchen God’ s Journey to the Jade Emperor B. “Nian gao” as a Sacrifice to the Kitchen God C. The Ceremony of Sending the Kitchen God to Heaven D. The Chinese Tradition of Sacrificing the Kitchen God 参考答案： 阅读理解 A 每年的农历腊月二十三或二十四是中国的传统节日——小年。在这一天，灶神被认为会前往天庭，向玉皇大帝汇报每家每户一年的情况。为让灶神多美言，人们会供奉年糕，还会焚烧灶神画像送其上天。大年初四，人们又会准备全鱼等祭品，迎接灶神归来。 1. C细节理解题。第一段第三句提到灶神监管家庭日常事务、发挥道德约束作用；第二段的第二、三句提到灶神需向玉皇大帝汇报家庭情况，玉皇大帝据此对家庭进行奖惩。因此，灶神被供奉是因为他监督家庭中的一切事务。 2. A推理判断题。第三段提到人们在送灶神上天时，通过向灶神供奉食物，尤其是用“年糕”来封住他的嘴，希望他向玉皇大帝呈上一份有利的报告。这种行为反映了人们对未来生活的期望，希望得到神灵的庇佑，从而过上更好的生活。因此，A选项“People expect to live a better life next year.(人们期望来年过上更好的生活)”是合理的推断。 3. C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句… while firecrackers are lit to speed up the Kitchen God's travel.可知,人们点燃鞭炮是为了让灶神更快地到达天庭。 4. D主旨大意题。文章围绕中国祭祀灶神的传统展开，介绍了灶神的地位和职责，送灶神上天、迎灶神归来的时间与仪式，涵盖供奉食物、燃放鞭炮、烧画像等内容，因此D项“中国祭祀灶神的传统”作为标题最合适。 难句分析 ★ Some families offer spirit paper during the deity's burning and even pour rice wine over the deity's image to produce a bright flame, which is supposed to speedup the journey to Heaven as well.有些家庭在焚烧灶神像时还会供奉纸钱，甚至会把米酒倒在灶神像上，让火焰烧得更旺，据说这样也能加快灶神上天的速度。which引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子进行补充说明。 参考译文： 灶神是一个受欢迎的神灵，大多数中国人每年都会祭拜。许多中国家庭都有一张纸质神像或画像，常年张贴在自家炉灶旁。灶神不仅监管一家的生活起居，更是维系家庭伦理的精神砥柱。 在小年夜(农历腊月二十三或二十四)，家家户户会向灶神供奉祭品。传说在这一天，灶神会升天，向玉皇大帝呈交他对每家每户这一年来行为表现的报告。玉皇大帝会根据这份报告，对每家每户作出相应的奖惩。 “年糕”，一种用糖和蜂蜜增甜的中国传统糯米糕，被用作供奉给灶神的祭品。在祭祀仪式中，各家各户把年糕放在灶神的嘴上，象征性地封住他的嘴，以确保他向天庭的玉皇大帝呈上有利的汇报。 送灶神上天是通过焚烧他的神像来完成的。袅袅上升的烟雾象征着灶神前往玉皇大帝处的行程，而燃放鞭炮则是为了让灶神的行程更快些。有些家庭在焚烧灶神像时还会供奉纸钱，甚至会把米酒倒在灶神画像上，让火焰烧得更旺，据说这样也能加快灶神上天的速度。然后，新的一年人们会在炉灶上方贴上一张新的灶神画像。如果家里有灶神的塑像或神位牌，就会把它取下来清洗干净。 农历正月初四，家家户户以美食祭品迎接灶神从天庭归来，至此，灶神短暂离岗、无人监管家宅行为的小假期宣告结束。常见的供品包括整条鱼(象征吉祥富足)和特制糕点。 难句分析 ★ Don't crash into other people's chopsticks when you pick up food with chopsticks, which makes you leave a gluttonous impression.当你用筷子夹菜时, 不要碰到别人的筷子，这会给人留下贪吃的印象。 when引导时间状语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。 Passage 2 阅读理解B 主题语境：民俗文化 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 325 建议用时：7分钟 The Dong ethnic group has nearly 3 million people in China. They live in southwestern China in picturesque rural mountainous areas. Most of the Dong live in southeastern Guizhou. The highest concentration of them is found around the ethnic city of Kaili, and about 1.2 million Dong people live there. Others live in western Hunan and northern Guangxi. The second day of the second lunar month (in lateFebruary or early March) is an auspicious day in the Dong tradition. * To ensure good luck with the year's harvest,the Dong present sacrifices to the god of agriculture who is believed to live under bridges. Offerings include tasty foods such as rice cakes, meat, egg dishes, and sour fish.After the ceremony, villagers share a meal on the bridge. Celebratory music, using local instruments such as drums and flutes, is an essential part of the ceremony.People line the path of a parade of cows and bow to honor the dragon. After the parade of cattle, one cow is sacrificed, and all the villagers share in the meal. Dong tradition is steeped in nature. One of the most interesting customs is making grass knot markers. The Dong people take grass or other plants, bunch them together, secure them with a tie, and place them as signs and marks. These grass knot markers might be left in any location of significance. To the Dong, the grass knot markers can signify love, danger, and even a request for help. For example, a grass knot marker placed near a broken board on a bridge serves as a warning. The Dong hold celebrations when the first rice, or early rice, is ready for harvesting. The Eating New Rice Festival includes offering a sacrifice to ancestors. Fish,chicken, beef, and rice are presented as offerings. After the ceremony, villagers traditionally enjoy a feast with entertainment that includes singing and sometimes even bullfighting. 1 Why is the second day of the second lunar month special to the Dong people? A. It is a day to wish good luck for the coming year. B. It is a good day to hold a picnic on the bridge. C. It is a happy occasion to entertain themselves. D. It is a time to worship the god for a harvest. 2 What can we infer from the custom of making grass knot markers? A. It is mainly used to warn the villagers of danger. B. You can find a grass knot marker left at a special place. C. Its meaning varies depending on the occasions. D. It is closely connected to the Dong’ s creativity. 3 Why does the author write the last paragraph? A. To introduce the Eating New Rice Festival. B. To emphasize the importance of agriculture. C. To prove the Dong's respect for their ancestors. D. To attract tourists to experience the festival. 4 Where can you most likely read this text? A. Beautiful Landscapes Around the World. B. Introduction of Chinese Local Cuisines. C. Unique Geological Attractions of China. D. Cultural Heritage of Chinese Minorities. 参考答案： 阅读理解 B 农历二月初二是侗族传统的吉日，为了确保一年的好收成，侗族人会在这一天向据信住在桥下的农神供奉美味的食物。此外，侗族人善于制作草标传递信息。在早稻收获时，他们还会举办吃新米节。 1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 To ensure good luck with the year's harvest, the Dong present sacrifices to the god of agriculture who is believed to live under bridges.可知，农历二月初二对侗族人来说特殊是因为这是他们向农神献祭祈求丰收的时候，故D项“这是一个向神灵祈求丰收的时候”符合文意。 2. C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 These grass knot markers might be left in any location of significance to the Dong, the grass knot markers can signify love, danger,and even a request for help.可知, 草结标记可以留在任何有意义的地方，对侗族人来说，它可以表示爱、危险甚至是求助。由此可推出，草结标记的含义根据不同的场合而有所不同。 3. A 写作目的题。最后一段主要围绕“The Eating New Rice Festival”展开,介绍了该节日的时间、祭祀内容以及庆祝方式等。由此可知，作者写最后一段的目的是介绍“吃新米节”。 4. D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了侗族的人口分布、传统节日、特殊习俗等内容，属于中国少数民族的文化范畴，所以最有可能在《中国少数民族文化遗产》这类读物中读到。 难句分析 ★ To ensure good luck with the year's harvest, the Dong present sacrifices to the god of agriculture who is believed to live under bridges.为了确保当年的收成有好运气，侗族人会向据信住在桥底下的农神供奉祭品。to ensure good luck with the year's harvest 为动词不定式短语，作目的状语。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the god of agriculture。 参考译文： 侗族在中国有近300万人口。他们生活在风景如画的西南部山区。大部分侗族人生活在贵州东南部，其中约120万人集中在凯里市周边，形成最大的侗族聚居区，其余分布在湖南西部和广西北部。 农历二月初二在侗族传统中是一个吉祥的日子。为了确保当年的收成有好运气，侗族人会向传说住在桥底下的“农神”供奉祭品。供品包括美味的食物，如年糕、肉类、蛋类菜肴和酸鱼。仪式结束后，村民们会在桥上一起用餐。 使用鼓和笛子等当地乐器演奏的欢庆音乐，是这场仪式必不可少的一部分。人们在牛群游行的路线两旁列队，鞠躬向“龙”致敬。牛群游行结束后，会宰杀一头牛，所有村民都会分享牛肉。 侗族的传统深深植根于自然之中。其中最有趣的习俗之一就是编织草结标记。侗族人会采集草或其他植物，把它们捆成一束，用绳子系好，然后将其作为标识和标记放置在各处。这些草结标记可能会被放置在任何具有意义的地方。对于侗族人来说，草结标记可以表示爱意、危险，甚至是求助的信号。例如，放在桥上一块破损木板附近的草结标记就起到了警示的作用。 侗族在头茬稻谷，也就是早稻准备好收割的时候会举行庆祝活动。“吃新米”(习俗)包括向祖先供奉祭品。鱼、鸡、牛肉和米饭都被当作祭品供上。仪式结束后，按照传统，村民们会享用一顿丰盛的宴席，席间还有娱乐活动，包括唱歌，有时甚至会有斗牛。 Passage 3 七选五阅读 主题语境：民俗文化 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 282 建议用时：8分钟 Most people in China have adopted the modern Western- style wedding ceremony. 1 . According to legend, the earliest wedding ceremony originated in the ages of Fu Xi and Nüwa, the legendary emperor and goddess of marriage in Chinese mythology. In the Zhou Dynasty, the“Three Letters and Six Rites”(三书六礼)system was established. 2 . The“Six Rites” refer to the elaborate(复杂的) wedding process, which includes matchmaking, exchanging birth details, formal betrothal (订婚), presenting betrothal gifts, selecting the auspicious wedding date, and the wedding ceremony. The“ThreeLetters” are the official documents of these rites, which include the Letter of Betrothal(聘书), the GiftList(礼书), and the Wedding Letter(迎书). In ancient China,a marriage was only officially recognized after completing all these procedures. 3 . But the essence was retained (保留), depending on the different traditions and social classes.For example, in the Qing Dynasty, officers above the seventh rank complied with more elaborate wedding rites, while the others usually had a simple wedding or followed the rites created by Zhu Xi, a famous Confucian master in the Song Dynasty. 4 . The wedding gifts can be various, including flowers, tableware, electric appliances, and others. But currently, most people send cash gifts in a red pocket to the newlyweds.* As for how much one should give, it varies according to how close you are to them and your personal wealth status. Close friends mainly send red envelopes around￥500-1000. Close relatives send red envelopes about ￥1000-5000 or even more if one has some close rich relatives. 5 . The amount of money varies in different parts of the country as well. 阅读短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. Western wedding ceremonies are popular B. Wedding gifts show one's wealth and position C. It laid the foundation for traditional Chinese weddings D. There are no restrictive rules about how much one should send E. In the following dynasties the wedding etiquette may vary slightly F. However, the traditional Chinese wedding etiquette is still kept today G. It is polite and necessary to bring gifts when attending a Chinese wedding 参考答案： 七选五阅读 本文介绍了中国的婚礼文化，涵盖古代“三书六礼”传统，以及不同时代婚礼形式的变迁，还提及现今参加婚礼时送礼的相关民俗。 1. F上文提到“大多数中国人采用了现代西式的婚礼仪式”，再由下文对中国传统婚礼起源和发展的介绍可推知，此处与上文形成转折，引出与中国传统婚礼仪式的相关内容，故F项“然而，中国传统的婚礼礼仪至今仍被保留着”符合语境。 2. C上文提到“在周朝，‘三书六礼’得以设立”，下文具体解释了“三书六礼”的内容，故C项“它为中国传统婚礼奠定了基础”，能够承接上文，说明“三书六礼”的重要作用。 3. E本段介绍了中国传统婚礼礼仪在保留其礼仪精髓的基础之上出现的变化情况，因此E项“在随后的各朝代，婚礼礼仪稍微有些变化”可以概括本段的大意，作为本段的主题句。 4. G本段介绍了婚礼礼物的种类以及送礼的一些情况，因此G项“参加中国婚礼时，带礼物是礼貌和必要的”引出了关于婚礼礼物的话题。 5. D上文提到送红包的金额根据与新人的亲疏关系和个人财富状况有所不同，故D 项“关于送多少没有严格的规定”，与前文内容相符，也与后文“礼金的数额在国家的不同地区也有所不同”相呼应。 难句分析 ★ As for how much one should give, it varies according to how close you are to them and your personal wealth status.至于送多少钱，这会根据你和他们关系的亲密程度以及你个人的经济状况而有所不同。As for how much one should give 是介词短语作状语,how close引导宾语从句。 参考译文： 多数中国人都已采用了现代西式婚礼仪式。然而，大中国传统的婚礼礼仪在今天仍然被保留着。传说，最早的婚礼仪式起源于伏羲和女娲时代，他们是中国神话中传说的帝王和婚姻女神。 在周朝，“三书六礼”制度得以确立。它为中国传统婚礼奠定了基础。“六礼”指的是繁杂的婚礼流程，包括纳彩(提亲)、问名(交换生辰八字及占卜)、纳吉(正式订婚)、纳征(送聘礼)、请期(择吉日)以及亲迎(迎娶仪式)。“三书”是指这些礼仪的正式文书，包括聘书、礼书，以及迎书。在中国古代，只有完成了全部流程，一段婚姻才会被官方认可。 在随后的各个朝代，婚礼礼仪可能会略有不同。但(婚礼礼仪的)本质得以保留，这取决于不同的传统和社会阶层。例如，在清朝，七品以上的官员遵循更复杂的婚礼仪式，而其他人通常举行较为简单的婚礼，或者遵循由宋代著名儒家大师朱熹所制定的礼仪规范。 参加中国婚礼时带上礼物，既是礼貌之举，也是很有必要的。婚礼礼物可以多种多样，包括鲜花、餐具、电器等等。但目前，大多数人会把现金装在红包里送给新婚夫妇。至于送多少钱，这会根据你和他们关系的亲密程度以及你个人的经济状况而有所不同。亲密的朋友送的红包金额主要在 500 元到 1000 元左右。近亲送的红包大约在1000元到5000元之间，如果有比较亲近且富有的亲戚，金额甚至可能更多。关于送多少钱并没有严格的规定，礼金的数额在这个国家的不同地区也有所差异。 Passage 4完形填空 主题语境：节日体验 语篇类型：专题报道 词数:265 建议用时：13分钟 In my eyes, China is one of the richest countries on earth. I have been 1 fascinated with everything aboutChina since I was a little boy. Watching documentaries,movies and countless television shows served to increase my 2 and attraction to this great nation. The culture of the Chinese people is deeply 3 in the veins(血脉) of all on this land, including not only theChinese people themselves but also every foreigner who lives there. On the streets, one can see foreigners 4 up for street food and eating with chopsticks just like the locals. It's 5 to see foreigners practicing Tai Chi and 6 in Square dancing just like the locals. The Chinese culture is so 7 that if we neglect the obvious outward differences, there would be no difference between us as foreigners and the ordinary Chinese people. The history, language and culture of China are 8 in everything. This reminds me of my 9 in a restaurant with a Chinese friend. In the restaurant, she 10 the soup with three sips (一小口). I immediately gasped. * When she asked what was the matter, I told her that I remembered that the Chinese 11 for taste is pin(品), which was 12 three kou (口). It seemed to me,in the 13 of the Chinese, that one must partake of the food three times to really taste it. The language has been so well 14 closely with the worldview and ideology of the Chinese people that even the 15 of the words has impact on their everyday actions. 1 A. unreasonably B. deeply C. unlikely D. surely 2 A. anxiety B. ambition C. delight D. curiosity 3 A. rooted B. spread C. raised D. constructed 4 A. staying B. standing C. lining D. making 5 A. surprising B. incredible C.common D. touching 6 A. performing B. participating C. volunteering D. recovering 7 A. attractive B. impressive C. imaginative D. creative 8 A. selected B. exposed C. represented D. proved 9 A. adventure B. visit C. reaction D. experience 10 A. enjoyed B. tasted C. cooked D. distributed 11 A. meaning B. character C. picture D. symbol 12 A. made up of B. broken away from C. caught up on D. set out for 13 A. etiquette B. tradition C. mind D. structure 14 A. connected B. applied C. expressed D. conveyed 15 A. beauty B. pronunciation C. number D. makeup 参考答案： 本文讲述了一位在中国生活的外国人对中国传统文化的亲身体验，体现了中国文化的博大精深以及对外国人的深刻影响。 1. B根据语境可知，此处强调“我”对中国的一切深深地着迷。 deeply意为“深深地”,用于描述 fascinated(着迷)的程度。 2. D 根据 Watching documentaries, movies and countless television shows 可知, 观看关于中国的纪录片、电影、电视节目使作者对中国更加好奇。curiosity意为“好奇心”, 与 attraction (吸引力) 并列, 符合语境。 3. A根据语境可知，这里指中国文化深深扎根在这片土地上所有人的血脉里。 root意为“扎根”, be deeply rooted in 意为“深深扎根于”。 4. C line up意为“排队”，这里指在街上能看到外国人像当地人一样排队买街头小吃，符合语境。 5. C第二段第一句提到中国文化对生活在中国的外国人有很大的影响，故此处指外国人在中国的公园里练太极拳是很常见的。common意为“常见的”，符合语境。 6. B根据语境可知，此处指外国人也会像当地人一样跳广场舞。 participate in 意为“参与”。 7. A上文提到外国人排队买街头小吃、用筷子、打太极拳、跳广场舞等完全融入中国文化的场景，这体现了中国文化具有强大的吸引力。故此处指，中国文化非常有吸引力，以至于如果忽略外表的差异，外国人与普通中国人之间就没有区别了。attractive意为“有吸引力的”。 8. C句意为“中国的历史、语言和文化在一切事物中都有所体现”。 represent意为“表现;体现”, 符合语境，说明中国的各种文化元素通过各种事物展现出来。 9. D根据下文在餐馆里发生的具体事情可知，这里是说“我”的一次经历。 experience意为“经历”, 符合语境。 10. B 根据后文提到的 taste以及对“品”字与品尝关系的描述可知，此处指她是在品尝汤。 11. B“品”是一个汉字, Chinese character意为“汉字”。此处指表示 taste的汉字是“品”。 12. A“品”字由三个“口”组成。 made up of意为“由······组成”,符合语境。 13. C in the mind of是固定搭配,意为“在……的心中;在……的脑海里”，这里表示在中国人的观念中，符合语境。14. A根据语境可知，这里指语言与中国人的世界观和意识形态紧密相连。 be connected with 是固定搭配,意为“与……相联系”，符合语境。 15. D根据前文提到的“品”字由三个“口”组成以及对一位女士喝汤的描述可知，这里说的是汉字的字形结构对人们的日常生活产生影响， makeup意为“构成；构造”，符合语境。 难句分析 When she asked what was the matter, I told her that I remembered that the Chinese character for taste is pin, which was made up of three kou.当她问我怎么了时，我告诉她我想起了中文里表示“品尝”的字是“品”，它是由三个“口”组成的。 when引导时间状语从句。what 引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语。两个 that都引导宾语从句,分别作 told和 remembered的宾语。 which 引导非限制性定语从句，对pin进行补充说明。 参考译文： 在我看来，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。从我还是个小男孩起，我就深深地对中国的一切着迷。观看纪录片、电影以及数不清的电视节目，更是加深了我对这个伟大国家的好奇与向往。 中华民族的文化深深扎根于这片土地上所有人的血脉之中，这不仅包括中国人自己，也涵盖了每一位生活在这片土地上的外国人。走在大街上，人们可以看到外国人像当地人一样排队购买街头小吃，并且用筷子进食。看到外国人像当地人一样练习太极拳、参与广场舞，这已经是司空见惯的事情了。中国文化是如此具有吸引力，以至于如果我们忽略明显的外貌差异，作为外国人的我们与普通的中国人之间就没有什么不同了。 中国的历史、语言和文化体现在方方面面。这让我想起了我和一位中国朋友在一家餐馆里的经历。在餐馆里，她分三口品尝了汤。我不禁惊呼。当她问我怎么了时，我告诉她我想起了中文里表示“品尝”的字是“品”，它是由三个“口”组成的。在我看来，按照中国人的观念，一个人必须品尝三次食物才能真正尝出它的味道。汉语与中国人民的世界观和意识形态紧密相连，以至于甚至汉字的构造都对他们的日常行为产生影响。 Passage 5 语法填空 主题语境：节日体验 语篇类型：专题报道 词数:265 建议用时：13分钟 Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for eight people consists of four courses of cold dishes, four courses of hot dishes, 1 (accompany) by soup and steamed rice. They consider it a lavish (奢华的) banquet. But in the mind of Chinese people, such a meal represents the 2 (low) standard for guests. Serving ten dishes, not 3 (necessary) in large portions, would not be considered excessive. ( 词数: 244 ) ( 难度： ) ( 扫码听音频 ) ( 正确率: /10 ) ( 建议用时：8分钟 ) ( 语篇类型：说明文 ) When toasting at a table, Chinese people usually say“Gan Bei”(cheers) and drain their 4 (glass) to show sincerity and joy. However, most foreign guests prefer to take just a sip rather than 5 (empty) their glasses when toasting with hosts. 6 (show) their respect, younger people should hold their cups slightly lower than those of their elders when toasting. Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese dining culture. Here are a few things that should be avoided when you 7 (use) chopsticks. Don't insert the chopsticks upright in the bowl filled with rice, because it is a custom in sacrifice. And Chinese people seldom beat their bowls with chopsticks,because it can be associated with the behavior of beggars in the past.* Don't crash 8 other people's chopsticks when you pick up food with chopsticks, 9 makes you leave a gluttonous(贪吃)impression. Besides, 10 is rude to make noise with chopsticks. 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 参考答案： 本文介绍了中国餐桌礼仪和风俗禁忌。 1. accompanied 考查非谓语动词。 four courses of cold dishes, four courses of hot dishes和 accompany之间是被动关系，表示“被汤和米饭搭配着”，所以用过去分词作后置定语。 2. lowest 考查形容词。根据语境可知，这里表示“最低标准”，定冠词 the后接形容词最高级，故填 lowest。 3. necessarily 考查副词。修饰介词短语 in large portions应用副词, necessary 的副词形式是 necessarily。 4. glasses 考查名词。 drain one’ s glass 意为“喝光某人杯里的酒”。这里的 glass指“酒杯”，是可数名词，根据 their 可知, 要用复数形式 glasses。 5. empty 考查动词。 prefer to do A rather than do B 是固定搭配，意为“宁愿做A而不愿做B”，故此处用动词原形 empty。 6. To show 考查非谓语动词。作目的状语，应用动词不定式短语，表示“为了表示他们的尊敬”，故填 To show。 7. are using 考查动词时态。这里表示“当你正在使用筷子时”，强调动作正在进行，用现在进行时，故填are using。 8. into 考查介词。 crash into是固定短语, 意为“撞上;碰到”，这里指用筷子夹食物时不要碰到别人的筷子，故填 into。 9. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, … makes you leave a gluttonous impression 是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填 which。 10. it 考查代词。“It is+形容词+ to do sth”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，故填 it。 参考译文： 来中国的游客常常会惊讶地发现，一桌八人的典型晚餐包括四道凉菜、四道热菜，再加上汤和米饭。他们可能认为这是一场奢华宴席。但在中国人的观念里，为客人准备这样一顿饭是最低标准。上十道菜肴，不一定都是大份量，也不会被认为是过多的。 在餐桌上敬酒时，中国人通常会说“干杯”，然后将杯中的酒一饮而尽，以此来表达真诚和喜悦之情。然而，大多数外国客人在与主人敬酒时，更倾向于只是抿上一口，而不是将杯中的酒喝光。为了表示尊敬，年轻人在敬酒时，应该让自己的酒杯略低于长辈的酒杯。 筷子在中国的饮食文化中起着极为重要的作用。当你使用筷子时，有几件事情是应该避免的。不要把筷子直直地插在盛满米饭的碗里，因为这是祭祀中的一种习俗。而且中国人很少用筷子敲碗，因为这会让人联想到过去乞丐的行为。当你用筷子夹菜时，不要碰到别人的筷子，这会给人留下贪吃的印象。此外，用筷子弄出声响是不礼貌的行为。 Passage 1 阅读理解A 单词短语 ( 第 1 页 共 12 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 domestic adj.家里的; 家中的 2 ascend v.上升; 升高 3 accordingly adv.相应地 4 seal v.封住 5 statue n. 塑像 经典句式 1 The Kitchen God not only watches over the domestic affairs of a family, but also acts as a moral force in the lives of all family members. ( not only… but also…连接两个谓语,表示递进关系) 2 The smoke rising symbolically represents his journey to the Jade Emperor, while firecrackers are lit to speed up the Kitchen God's travel. (现在分词短语作定语， while连接并列句，表示同时发生的另一个动作) Passage 2 阅读理解B 单词短语 1 picturesque adj.风景如画的 2 concentration n.聚集; 集中 3 auspicious adj.吉祥的 4 celebratory adj.庆祝的; 庆典的 经典句式 After the ceremony, villagers traditionally enjoy a feast with entertainment that includes singing and sometimes even bullfighting. (that 引导定语从句, 修饰先行词 entertainment) Passage 3 七选五阅读 单词短语 1 rite n.仪式; 典礼 2 mythology n.神话传说 3 document n.文献; 公文 4 appliance n.(家用)电器 5 newlywed n.新婚夫妇 6 originate in 起源于 7 comply with 遵守 经典句式 For example, in the Qing Dynasty, officers above the seventh rank complied with more elaborate wedding rites, while the others usually had a simple wedding or followed the rites created by Zhu Xi, a famous Confucian master in the Song Dynasty. (while连接两个并列分句，表示对比) Passage 4 完形填空 单词短语 1 documentary n.纪录片 2 attraction n.吸引力 3 neglect v.忽略; 不予重视 4 outward adj.外在的; 外表的 5 partake v.吃; 喝 6 ideology n.意识形态; 观念 7 be fascinated with 对……着迷 8 be deeply rooted in 深深扎根于 经典句式 1 On the streets, one can see foreigners lining up for street food and eating with chopsticks just like the locals.(现在分词短语作宾语补足语) 2 The Chinese culture is so attractive that if we neglect the obvious outward differences, there would be no difference between us as foreigners and the ordinary Chinese people. (that引导结果状语从句； if引导条件状语从句) Passage5 语法填空 单词短语 1 excessive adj.过度的 2 joy n.喜悦 3 sacrifice n.祭献; 祭祀 4 associated adj.有关的; 有联系的 ( 第 10 页 共 11 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 经典句式 1 Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for eight people consists of four courses of cold dishes, four courses of hot dishes, accompanied by soup and steamed rice.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 2 Here are a few things that should be avoided when you are using chopsticks. (that 引导定语从句; when 引导时间状语从句) 语料积累 话题高频词汇 1 aspiration n.抱负; 志向; 渴望 15 origin n.起源 2 blessing n.福祉; 祝福 16 mythical adj.神话的; 虚构的 3 ceremony n. 仪式 17 practice n.常规; 惯例; 实践 4 celebrate v. 庆祝 18 commemorate v. 纪念 5 firecracker n. 鞭炮 19 etiquette n.礼节; 规矩 6 incense n. (常用于宗教仪式的) 香 20 superpower n. 超能力 7 offering n. 贡品; 祭品 21 unique adj. 独特的 8 custom n.习俗 22 evolve from 从……演变而来 9 fortune n.好运; 财富; 运势 23 keep off驱除; 远离; 不接近 10 pray v.祷告 24 date back to 追溯至 11 prevailing adj. 盛行的 25 come into existence 开始存在 12 atmosphere n.气氛 26 pass down 传承; 传递 13 decorate v. 装饰 27 in memory of为了纪念…… 14 harvest n. 丰收 28 go to temple fairs逛庙会 话题重点句、亮点句 1 Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.【北师大版必修一 Unit 3】接着, 汉字“福”被倒贴在我们的大门上。人们相信，当“福”字倒过来时，幸福就会到来。 2 We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special on this occasion—— they are a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.【北师大版必修一Unit3】我们总会在这个时候吃饺子，因为在这个特殊的日子里，饺子有着特别的寓意————它们承载着我们对来年健康与幸福的美好祈愿。 3 She’ d put tokens in some dumplings: candies for a sweet life and peanuts for a long and healthy one.【外研版必修二 Unit2】她会在一些饺子里放入一点儿“彩头”：糖果寓意生活甜美，花生寓意健康长寿。 4 From the neat designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows, to the Spring Festival couplets on the door, and to the New Year paintings on the wall, everything represents joy, luck and happiness.【译林版必修二 Unit 3】从窗户上精巧的剪纸，到门上的春联，再到墙上的年画，一切都代表着快乐、吉祥和幸福。 5 The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting. They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.【2020全国Ⅱ卷】雪还在融化，梅树却第一个开花。它们代表着春天的希望和生命的复苏。 6 Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.【2020全国Ⅲ卷】乔迁派对得名于这样一个事实:很久以前,人们实际上会把木柴作为礼物带到新居。 7Th e way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.【2022全国甲卷】使用筷子的方式很重要，避免惹恼同席者。 $用英语讲述中国传统文化之传统文化阅读 名俗文化 Passage 1阅读理解A 主题语境：传统习俗 语篇类型：记叙文 词数: 321 建议用时：8分钟 The Kitchen God, or Zao Wangye, is a popular deity(神) most Chinese families worship. Many Chinese homes have a paper image or picture of the deity hung throughout the year near the family's stove. The Kitchen God not only watches over the domestic affairs of a family, but also acts.as a moral force in the lives of all family members. Households offer sacrificial foods to theKitchen God during theMinor New Year (the23rd/24th day of the 12th lunar month). On this day,the deity ascends to Heaven to present his annual behavioral report on each family to the Jade Emperor. According to the report,the Jade Emperor rewards or punishes each household accordingly. “Nian gao”, a traditional Chinese sticky rice cake sweetened with sugar and honey, is used as an offering to the Kitchen God. During the ritual, families place the cake on the deity's lips to symbolically seal his mouth, ensuring he delivers a favorable report to the Jade Emperor. The Kitchen God’ s ascent (上升) to heaven is accomplished by burning his image. The smoke rising symbolically represents his journey to the Jade Emperor,while firecrackers are lit to speed up the Kitchen God’ s travel. * Some families offer spirit paper during the deity's burning and even pour rice wine over the deity's image to produce a bright flame, which is supposed to speed up the journey to Heaven as well. A new picture of him is then placed above the stove for the coming year. If the household has a statue or a nameplate of the Kitchen God,it will be taken down and cleaned. On the 4th day of Chinese New Year, families welcome back the Kitchen God with food offerings after his heaven trip. This ends the short break when he wasn't watching the household's behavior. Typical offerings include whole fish(for good fortune) and special cakes. 1 Why is the Kitchen God worshipped in many households? A. He is the most important deity in the household. B. B. He takes control of the household's meals. C. He oversees everything in the household. D. He inspires everyone to strive for a better life. 2 What can we infer from the households’sacrifice to the Kitchen God? A. People expect to live a better life next year. B. People believe they can control the super power. C. People can communicate with the Kitchen God. D. The Kitchen God is fond of eating sweet food. 3 What can people do to make the Kitchen God’ s journey faster to the Jade Emperor? A. By cleaning his image. B. By sacrificing nian gao. C. By lighting firecrackers. D. By offering rice wine to him. 4What can be the best title of the text? A. The Kitchen God’ s Journey to the Jade Emperor B. “Nian gao” as a Sacrifice to the Kitchen God C. The Ceremony of Sending the Kitchen God to Heaven D. The Chinese Tradition of Sacrificing the Kitchen God Passage 2 阅读理解B 主题语境：民俗文化 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 325 建议用时：7分钟 The Dong ethnic group has nearly 3 million people in China. They live in southwestern China in picturesque rural mountainous areas. Most of the Dong live in southeastern Guizhou. The highest concentration of them is found around the ethnic city of Kaili, and about 1.2 million Dong people live there. Others live in western Hunan and northern Guangxi. The second day of the second lunar month (in lateFebruary or early March) is an auspicious day in the Dong tradition. * To ensure good luck with the year's harvest,the Dong present sacrifices to the god of agriculture who is believed to live under bridges. Offerings include tasty foods such as rice cakes, meat, egg dishes, and sour fish.After the ceremony, villagers share a meal on the bridge. Celebratory music, using local instruments such as drums and flutes, is an essential part of the ceremony.People line the path of a parade of cows and bow to honor the dragon. After the parade of cattle, one cow is sacrificed, and all the villagers share in the meal. Dong tradition is steeped in nature. One of the most interesting customs is making grass knot markers. The Dong people take grass or other plants, bunch them together, secure them with a tie, and place them as signs and marks. These grass knot markers might be left in any location of significance. To the Dong, the grass knot markers can signify love, danger, and even a request for help. For example, a grass knot marker placed near a broken board on a bridge serves as a warning. The Dong hold celebrations when the first rice, or early rice, is ready for harvesting. The Eating New Rice Festival includes offering a sacrifice to ancestors. Fish,chicken, beef, and rice are presented as offerings. After the ceremony, villagers traditionally enjoy a feast with entertainment that includes singing and sometimes even bullfighting. 1 Why is the second day of the second lunar month special to the Dong people? A. It is a day to wish good luck for the coming year. B. It is a good day to hold a picnic on the bridge. C. It is a happy occasion to entertain themselves. D. It is a time to worship the god for a harvest. 2 What can we infer from the custom of making grass knot markers? A. It is mainly used to warn the villagers of danger. B. You can find a grass knot marker left at a special place. C. Its meaning varies depending on the occasions. D. It is closely connected to the Dong’ s creativity. 3 Why does the author write the last paragraph? A. To introduce the Eating New Rice Festival. B. To emphasize the importance of agriculture. C. To prove the Dong's respect for their ancestors. D. To attract tourists to experience the festival. 4 Where can you most likely read this text? A. Beautiful Landscapes Around the World. B. Introduction of Chinese Local Cuisines. C. Unique Geological Attractions of China. D. Cultural Heritage of Chinese Minorities. Passage 3 七选五阅读 主题语境：民俗文化 语篇类型：说明文 词数: 282 建议用时：8分钟 Most people in China have adopted the modern Western- style wedding ceremony. 1 . According to legend, the earliest wedding ceremony originated in the ages of Fu Xi and Nüwa, the legendary emperor and goddess of marriage in Chinese mythology. In the Zhou Dynasty, the“Three Letters and Six Rites”(三书六礼)system was established. 2 . The“Six Rites” refer to the elaborate(复杂的) wedding process, which includes matchmaking, exchanging birth details, formal betrothal (订婚), presenting betrothal gifts, selecting the auspicious wedding date, and the wedding ceremony. The“ThreeLetters” are the official documents of these rites, which include the Letter of Betrothal(聘书), the GiftList(礼书), and the Wedding Letter(迎书). In ancient China,a marriage was only officially recognized after completing all these procedures. 3 . But the essence was retained (保留), depending on the different traditions and social classes.For example, in the Qing Dynasty, officers above the seventh rank complied with more elaborate wedding rites, while the others usually had a simple wedding or followed the rites created by Zhu Xi, a famous Confucian master in the Song Dynasty. 4 . The wedding gifts can be various, including flowers, tableware, electric appliances, and others. But currently, most people send cash gifts in a red pocket to the newlyweds.* As for how much one should give, it varies according to how close you are to them and your personal wealth status. Close friends mainly send red envelopes around￥500-1000. Close relatives send red envelopes about ￥1000-5000 or even more if one has some close rich relatives. 5 . The amount of money varies in different parts of the country as well. 阅读短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A. Western wedding ceremonies are popular B. Wedding gifts show one's wealth and position C. It laid the foundation for traditional Chinese weddings D. There are no restrictive rules about how much one should send E. In the following dynasties the wedding etiquette may vary slightly F. However, the traditional Chinese wedding etiquette is still kept today G. It is polite and necessary to bring gifts when attending a Chinese wedding Passage 4完形填空 主题语境：节日体验 语篇类型：专题报道 词数:265 建议用时：13分钟 In my eyes, China is one of the richest countries on earth. I have been 1 fascinated with everything aboutChina since I was a little boy. Watching documentaries,movies and countless television shows served to increase my 2 and attraction to this great nation. The culture of the Chinese people is deeply 3 in the veins(血脉) of all on this land, including not only theChinese people themselves but also every foreigner who lives there. On the streets, one can see foreigners 4 up for street food and eating with chopsticks just like the locals. It's 5 to see foreigners practicing Tai Chi and 6 in Square dancing just like the locals. The Chinese culture is so 7 that if we neglect the obvious outward differences, there would be no difference between us as foreigners and the ordinary Chinese people. The history, language and culture of China are 8 in everything. This reminds me of my 9 in a restaurant with a Chinese friend. In the restaurant, she 10 the soup with three sips (一小口). I immediately gasped. * When she asked what was the matter, I told her that I remembered that the Chinese 11 for taste is pin(品), which was 12 three kou (口). It seemed to me,in the 13 of the Chinese, that one must partake of the food three times to really taste it. The language has been so well 14 closely with the worldview and ideology of the Chinese people that even the 15 of the words has impact on their everyday actions. 1 A. unreasonably B. deeply C. unlikely D. surely 2 A. anxiety B. ambition C. delight D. curiosity 3 A. rooted B. spread C. raised D. constructed 4 A. staying B. standing C. lining D. making 5 A. surprising B. incredible C.common D. touching 6 A. performing B. participating C. volunteering D. recovering 7 A. attractive B. impressive C. imaginative D. creative 8 A. selected B. exposed C. represented D. proved 9 A. adventure B. visit C. reaction D. experience 10 A. enjoyed B. tasted C. cooked D. distributed 11 A. meaning B. character C. picture D. symbol 12 A. made up of B. broken away from C. caught up on D. set out for 13 A. etiquette B. tradition C. mind D. structure 14 A. connected B. applied C. expressed D. conveyed 15 A. beauty B. pronunciation C. number D. makeup Passage 5 语法填空 主题语境：节日体验 语篇类型：专题报道 词数:265 建议用时：13分钟 Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for eight people consists of four courses of cold dishes, four courses of hot dishes, 1 (accompany) by soup and steamed rice. They consider it a lavish (奢华的) banquet. But in the mind of Chinese people, such a meal represents the 2 (low) standard for guests. Serving ten dishes, not 3 (necessary) in large portions, would not be considered excessive. ( 词数: 244 ) ( 难度： ) ( 扫码听音频 ) ( 正确率: /10 ) ( 建议用时：8分钟 ) ( 语篇类型：说明文 ) When toasting at a table, Chinese people usually say“Gan Bei”(cheers) and drain their 4 (glass) to show sincerity and joy. However, most foreign guests prefer to take just a sip rather than 5 (empty) their glasses when toasting with hosts. 6 (show) their respect, younger people should hold their cups slightly lower than those of their elders when toasting. Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese dining culture. Here are a few things that should be avoided when you 7 (use) chopsticks. Don't insert the chopsticks upright in the bowl filled with rice, because it is a custom in sacrifice. And Chinese people seldom beat their bowls with chopsticks,because it can be associated with the behavior of beggars in the past.* Don't crash 8 other people's chopsticks when you pick up food with chopsticks, 9 makes you leave a gluttonous(贪吃)impression. Besides, 10 is rude to make noise with chopsticks. 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Passage 1 阅读理解A 单词短语 ( 第 1 页 共 12 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 domestic adj.家里的; 家中的 2 ascend v.上升; 升高 3 accordingly adv.相应地 4 seal v.封住 5 statue n. 塑像 经典句式 1 The Kitchen God not only watches over the domestic affairs of a family, but also acts as a moral force in the lives of all family members. ( not only… but also…连接两个谓语,表示递进关系) 2 The smoke rising symbolically represents his journey to the Jade Emperor, while firecrackers are lit to speed up the Kitchen God's travel. (现在分词短语作定语， while连接并列句，表示同时发生的另一个动作) Passage 2 阅读理解B 单词短语 1 picturesque adj.风景如画的 2 concentration n.聚集; 集中 3 auspicious adj.吉祥的 4 celebratory adj.庆祝的; 庆典的 经典句式 After the ceremony, villagers traditionally enjoy a feast with entertainment that includes singing and sometimes even bullfighting. (that 引导定语从句, 修饰先行词 entertainment) Passage 3 七选五阅读 单词短语 1 rite n.仪式; 典礼 2 mythology n.神话传说 3 document n.文献; 公文 4 appliance n.(家用)电器 5 newlywed n.新婚夫妇 6 originate in 起源于 7 comply with 遵守 经典句式 For example, in the Qing Dynasty, officers above the seventh rank complied with more elaborate wedding rites, while the others usually had a simple wedding or followed the rites created by Zhu Xi, a famous Confucian master in the Song Dynasty. (while连接两个并列分句，表示对比) Passage 4 完形填空 单词短语 1 documentary n.纪录片 2 attraction n.吸引力 3 neglect v.忽略; 不予重视 4 outward adj.外在的; 外表的 5 partake v.吃; 喝 6 ideology n.意识形态; 观念 7 be fascinated with 对……着迷 8 be deeply rooted in 深深扎根于 经典句式 1 On the streets, one can see foreigners lining up for street food and eating with chopsticks just like the locals.(现在分词短语作宾语补足语) 2 The Chinese culture is so attractive that if we neglect the obvious outward differences, there would be no difference between us as foreigners and the ordinary Chinese people. (that引导结果状语从句； if引导条件状语从句) Passage5 语法填空 单词短语 1 excessive adj.过度的 2 joy n.喜悦 3 sacrifice n.祭献; 祭祀 4 associated adj.有关的; 有联系的 ( 第 10 页 共 11 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 经典句式 1 Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for eight people consists of four courses of cold dishes, four courses of hot dishes, accompanied by soup and steamed rice.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 2 Here are a few things that should be avoided when you are using chopsticks. (that 引导定语从句; when 引导时间状语从句) 语料积累 话题高频词汇 1 aspiration n.抱负; 志向; 渴望 15 origin n.起源 2 blessing n.福祉; 祝福 16 mythical adj.神话的; 虚构的 3 ceremony n. 仪式 17 practice n.常规; 惯例; 实践 4 celebrate v. 庆祝 18 commemorate v. 纪念 5 firecracker n. 鞭炮 19 etiquette n.礼节; 规矩 6 incense n. (常用于宗教仪式的) 香 20 superpower n. 超能力 7 offering n. 贡品; 祭品 21 unique adj. 独特的 8 custom n.习俗 22 evolve from 从……演变而来 9 fortune n.好运; 财富; 运势 23 keep off驱除; 远离; 不接近 10 pray v.祷告 24 date back to 追溯至 11 prevailing adj. 盛行的 25 come into existence 开始存在 12 atmosphere n.气氛 26 pass down 传承; 传递 13 decorate v. 装饰 27 in memory of为了纪念…… 14 harvest n. 丰收 28 go to temple fairs逛庙会 话题重点句、亮点句 1 Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.【北师大版必修一 Unit 3】接着, 汉字“福”被倒贴在我们的大门上。人们相信，当“福”字倒过来时，幸福就会到来。 2 We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special on this occasion—— they are a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year.【北师大版必修一Unit3】我们总会在这个时候吃饺子，因为在这个特殊的日子里，饺子有着特别的寓意————它们承载着我们对来年健康与幸福的美好祈愿。 3 She’ d put tokens in some dumplings: candies for a sweet life and peanuts for a long and healthy one.【外研版必修二 Unit2】她会在一些饺子里放入一点儿“彩头”：糖果寓意生活甜美，花生寓意健康长寿。 4 From the neat designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows, to the Spring Festival couplets on the door, and to the New Year paintings on the wall, everything represents joy, luck and happiness.【译林版必修二 Unit 3】从窗户上精巧的剪纸，到门上的春联，再到墙上的年画，一切都代表着快乐、吉祥和幸福。 5 The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting. They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.【2020全国Ⅱ卷】雪还在融化，梅树却第一个开花。它们代表着春天的希望和生命的复苏。 6 Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.【2020全国Ⅲ卷】乔迁派对得名于这样一个事实:很久以前,人们实际上会把木柴作为礼物带到新居。 7Th e way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.【2022全国甲卷】使用筷子的方式很重要，避免惹恼同席者。 $