热点05 生活方式与运动健康（热点专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题材热点05 生活方式与运动健康 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 自助餐存在诸多食品安全隐患。比如，食品种类繁多以及顾客自助取餐的就餐方式可能会导致食物之间的交叉污染；食品存放的时间及温度不合规，加速微生物和细菌繁殖。管理规范的餐厅可以通过严格的操作流程来保证食品安全，与此同时食客也需负起一部分责任，在取餐时讲究卫生。本文浅谈自助餐的安全隐患以及如何更好地维护食品安全，保护自己的健康。 【原文欣赏】 The dangers of buffets 1 The dizzying variety of options, the amazing range of flavours, and for some of us, the sheer quantity that you can eat. It’s easy to see the appeal of a buffet. It takes the stress out of choosing what to eat—just have it all! But are there risks that we need to think about? Food hygiene specialists suggest there might be. 2 Restaurant and hotel buffets can be a food poisoning risk. The large number of different dishes and people serving themselves creates opportunities for cross-contamination. Microbes can be transferred from people to dishes, from dishes to people and from one dish to another. Even the air can transfer microbes to your food. It’s easy to see how an entire buffet could end up contaminated. Food temperature creates another risk factor. It’s easy for food to be kept lukewarm and in the danger zone between 8C and 63C where bacteria and other microbes grow and multiply easily. 3 Restaurants that manage buffets well can reduce the risks. Hot food should be replaced after two hours and cold food after four. It’s important that the old food isdisposed of and that containers are not just topped up, allowing the older food to contaminate fresh items. Hot food should be kept above 63C, and cold food should be refrigerated. 4 However, any attempts by hospitality businesses to reduce risks can easily be undone by careless clients. There are many ways that diners can unwittingly or thoughtlessly increase the risks. Tongs and ladles can be contaminated by those who do not wash their hands, or who reuse their plates when getting a second helping. Food on display can be contaminated by people using the wrong utensil or who accidentally drop the handles into bowls of food. That’s before even mentioning those who cough or sneeze near the buffet. 5 So, to enjoy a buffet, while keeping the risks as low as possible, you should check to see that it is well-managed by the restaurant or hotel, that others are following good hygiene rules and that you do the same. Even so, a buffet is likely to be more risky than other types of restaurants. 【译文赏析】 自助餐的安全隐患 丰富多样的选择、琳琅满目的口味，对部分人来说还有 “能吃到饱” 的满足感 —— 自助餐的吸引力不言而喻。它省去了 “选择吃什么” 的烦恼，只需尽情享用即可！但我们是否需要关注其中潜藏的风险？食品卫生专家认为答案是肯定的。 餐厅或酒店的自助餐存在食物中毒风险。一方面，大量不同品类的菜品与 “自助取餐” 的模式，为交叉污染创造了条件：微生物可能从人传播到餐具、从餐具传播到人，或从一道菜传播到另一道菜，甚至空气也可能将微生物带到食物中。由此可见，整份自助餐都可能被污染。另一方面，食物温度是另一个风险点：食物很容易处于 “8℃-63℃的危险温度区间”，保持温热状态，而这一区间正是细菌等微生物快速繁殖的 “温床”。 管理得当的餐厅可以降低这些风险。热菜应每 2 小时更换一次，冷菜每 4 小时更换一次；更换时需将剩余的旧食物彻底丢弃，而非仅往容器中添加新食物 —— 否则旧食物中的微生物会污染新食物。此外，热菜需保持在 63℃以上的温度，冷菜则需冷藏保存。 然而，餐饮企业的这些风险防控措施，很容易被顾客的不当行为破坏。食客可能在无意间或疏忽中增加污染风险：例如，未洗手就使用取餐夹、勺子，或取第二份食物时重复使用同一个盘子；用错取餐工具，或将工具手柄意外掉入食物碗中；更不用说那些在自助餐附近咳嗽、打喷嚏的人。 因此，若想在享受自助餐的同时将风险降至最低，你需要留意餐厅或酒店是否对自助餐进行规范管理，观察其他食客是否遵守良好的卫生习惯，同时自己也要做到这些。即便如此，与其他类型的餐厅相比，自助餐的食品安全风险依然更高。 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 ________ Paragraph 2 ________ Paragraph 3 ________ Paragraph 4 ________ Paragraph 5 ________ a. What to look for b. Food safety risks c. Dangerous foods d. Risky behaviour e. No need to choose f. What restaurants can do 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 microbes utensils lukewarm hygiene disposed of topped up cross-contamination Buffets can be a source of bad food 1) _______. Having so many dishes close together makes 2) _______ likely. Food is often left at 3) _______ temperatures allowing bacteria to grow easily. Risk can be reduced by a well-managed buffet where surplus food is 4) _______ before it gets dangerous. It is almost important that diners use 5) _______ correctly. 【课标词汇积累】 dizzying 令人眼花缭乱的 sheer quantity 分量之大 hygiene 卫生 microbe 微生物 lukewarm 温的，微热的 bacterium 细菌 multiply 繁殖，大幅增加 be disposed of 被处理掉，被丢弃 top up 添加，补满 undo 消除，抵消 unwittingly 无意地，不知情地 thoughtlessly 不经意地，粗心地 tongs 夹子 ladle 长柄勺 second helping 再次取餐 utensil （厨房的）器具，用具 1. The city has experienced a dizzying pace of development in the past decade. 过去十年间，这座城市经历了令人眼花缭乱的发展速度。 2. The number of online shoppers has multiplied since the outbreak of the pandemic. 自疫情爆发以来，网购者的数量大幅增加。 3. Waste materials must be properly disposed of to protect the environment. 废弃物必须被妥善处理以保护环境。 4.All his efforts to improve his grades were undone by his carelessness in the final exam. 他为提高成绩所做的所有努力，都因期末考试的粗心大意而付诸东流（消除、抵消）。 5. She unwittingly revealed the secret to her classmate while chatting. 她在聊天时无意中向同学泄露了这个秘密。 【话题词汇/语块积累】 food poisoning 食物中毒 cross-contamination 交叉污染 Balanced Nutritional Diet 均衡营养饮食 Sports Injury Prevention 运动损伤预防 Healthy Habit Formation 健康习惯养成 Post-Exercise Recovery 运动后恢复 Junk Food Limitation 垃圾食品限制 （建议用时：60分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Do We Really Need 8 Hours of Sleep? Culture Matters People in different countries sleep varying amounts, and cultural beliefs about sleep play a significant role in its relationship to health. Studies have shown that Japanese people sleep significantly less than 1 in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Research has shown that Japanese people sleep 25 minutes less on average than Americans and 40 minutes less than Dutch people. Despite sleeping less than the 2 (recommend) eight hours, Japanese individuals generally have better health outcomes, living longer with lower rates of cancer and heart disease compared to North Americans. This creates a puzzle. One reason for this 3 be cultural dietary habits. Americans tend to consume more red meat and dairy, while the Japanese eat more fish, fruits, and vegetables. However, this alone doesn’t fully explain the health differences. Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier 4 they sleep less? In Japan, people tend to believe that sleep is a luxury, not a necessity, and 5 sacrificing sleep is vital for success. In North American culture, there is a strong, widespread belief that getting 8 hours of sleep is essential for 6 (maintain) good health. A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, 7 researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. Participants wore watches 8 (track) their actual sleep and answered questions about sleep beliefs and health. The results were clear: Japanese students averaged about 6 hours of sleep per night, significantly less than 7 hours among Canadian students. Interestingly, fewer physical health symptoms 9 (report) among the Japanese students. Therefore, the relationship 10 how long you sleep and your health is not absolute. It seems to be significantly influenced by your cultural background and personal beliefs about sleep. 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．stimulating  B．springing  C． capacity  D．associated  E. infectious  F. resolute   G. satisfying  H. sweat   I. bottles  J. lights  K. reframe Find your happy place: How to outsmart stress If you’re all too familiar with the physical sense of being stressed, it may be time to make some changes. Over time, this can negatively affect your body, leading to fatigue and headaches. Here are a few ways that research suggests can help you keep calm and carry on.Work up a (n) 11 . When we’re stressed, the part of our brain that registers fear 12 up like a fireworks display. Regular exercise can provide a(n) 13 release for frustration and other negative feelings. It may reduce stress hormones and it can trigger your body to release feel-good chemicals that can help boost your mood.Be decisive We face dozens of choices every day, and each of them involves our mental 14 and requires us to make a decision. It turns out that being good at making decisions may be good for our health. Research shows that decisive people may have lower levels of the stress hormcne cortisol (皮质醇) than poor decision-makers. Want to be more 15 ? Simplify your decisions by focusing on facts, so you understand what’s really at stake (有风险), and then 16 problems as opportunities.Anxiety arises when one 17 up feelings The next time you’re sweating something, pause and ask yourself: What are the positives? How can I look at this as a(n) 18 challenge rather than a problem? Changing the way you look at a situation can help you respond a less stressful way.See every glass as at least half full Are you a pessimist? Chances are you can change your outlook through your experiences. The best strategy is to deliberately avoid other pessimists, and surround yourself with optimists whose positive emotions are 19 . It’s also important to feel as if you have a purpose every day—whether that comes from your work, family and friends or an activity. Having something that you’re passionate about, and achieving goals 20 with it, can help many people have a more optimistic outlook. 题型03 六选四 Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension and stress from time to time. Here are some ways to help us manage them. 21 We all think we know how to relax. But calming down in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. Depending on what you are watching or doing, it could even make you more nervous. The same is true for alcohol, drugs or tobacco. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but it’s a false state of relaxation that’s only temporary. What the body really needs is a relaxation technique — like deep breathing, tai chi or yoga — that has a physical effect on the mind. Get enough sleep, nutrition and exercise Get the right amount of sleep for your needs not too much or too little. Eat well-chosen fruit, vegetables, low fat proteins and whole grains for long term energy instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine. 22 In that way, your brain and body can operate at their best. Connect with others. 23 Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, which allows us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to deal with it. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone. 24 Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful. Choose somewhere you feel safe so that you can relax and enjoy your surroundings. Walking or hiking can offer additional benefit or exercise. Invite a friend or two — or a family member along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well. Think positively. A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful and positive. Allow yourself to dream and wish for the best. A．Spend time with your friends or family. B．Express yourself to others. C．Connect with nature. D．Keep away from stress and anxiety. E．Exercise to send oxygen to every cell to the body. F．Choose a correct way to relax. 题型04 概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Regular exercise can reduce a woman’s risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. The study involving 5,968 women in Maryland confirmed previous findings that people who do regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer. But when the researchers looked at the women ages 18 to 65 who were in the upper half in terms of the amount of physical exercise they got per week, they found that sleep appeared to play an important role in cancer risk.   Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women, the researchers reported at a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. “We think it’s quite interesting and intriguing. It’s kind of a first look into this. It isn’t something that has been widely studied,” James McClain of the National Cancer Institute, part of the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health, said in a telephone interview. McClain, who led the study, said it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的） to cancer. “Getting adequate sleep has been long associated with health,” McClain said.   The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls sleep loss an under-recognized public health problem, saying Americans are getting less and less slumber. The CDCP said the percentage of adults reporting sleeping six hours or less a night increased from 1985 to 2006.  Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure,  stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking. In addition, research had shown that people who get regular exercise have a reduced risk of breast, colon and other types of cancer. Experts think the effects of exercise on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight may play an important role. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题材热点05 生活方式与运动健康 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 自助餐存在诸多食品安全隐患。比如，食品种类繁多以及顾客自助取餐的就餐方式可能会导致食物之间的交叉污染；食品存放的时间及温度不合规，加速微生物和细菌繁殖。管理规范的餐厅可以通过严格的操作流程来保证食品安全，与此同时食客也需负起一部分责任，在取餐时讲究卫生。本文浅谈自助餐的安全隐患以及如何更好地维护食品安全，保护自己的健康。 【原文欣赏】 The dangers of buffets 1 The dizzying variety of options, the amazing range of flavours, and for some of us, the sheer quantity that you can eat. It’s easy to see the appeal of a buffet. It takes the stress out of choosing what to eat—just have it all! But are there risks that we need to think about? Food hygiene specialists suggest there might be. 2 Restaurant and hotel buffets can be a food poisoning risk. The large number of different dishes and people serving themselves creates opportunities for cross-contamination. Microbes can be transferred from people to dishes, from dishes to people and from one dish to another. Even the air can transfer microbes to your food. It’s easy to see how an entire buffet could end up contaminated. Food temperature creates another risk factor. It’s easy for food to be kept lukewarm and in the danger zone between 8C and 63C where bacteria and other microbes grow and multiply easily. 3 Restaurants that manage buffets well can reduce the risks. Hot food should be replaced after two hours and cold food after four. It’s important that the old food isdisposed of and that containers are not just topped up, allowing the older food to contaminate fresh items. Hot food should be kept above 63C, and cold food should be refrigerated. 4 However, any attempts by hospitality businesses to reduce risks can easily be undone by careless clients. There are many ways that diners can unwittingly or thoughtlessly increase the risks. Tongs and ladles can be contaminated by those who do not wash their hands, or who reuse their plates when getting a second helping. Food on display can be contaminated by people using the wrong utensil or who accidentally drop the handles into bowls of food. That’s before even mentioning those who cough or sneeze near the buffet. 5 So, to enjoy a buffet, while keeping the risks as low as possible, you should check to see that it is well-managed by the restaurant or hotel, that others are following good hygiene rules and that you do the same. Even so, a buffet is likely to be more risky than other types of restaurants. 【译文赏析】 自助餐的安全隐患 丰富多样的选择、琳琅满目的口味，对部分人来说还有 “能吃到饱” 的满足感 —— 自助餐的吸引力不言而喻。它省去了 “选择吃什么” 的烦恼，只需尽情享用即可！但我们是否需要关注其中潜藏的风险？食品卫生专家认为答案是肯定的。 餐厅或酒店的自助餐存在食物中毒风险。一方面，大量不同品类的菜品与 “自助取餐” 的模式，为交叉污染创造了条件：微生物可能从人传播到餐具、从餐具传播到人，或从一道菜传播到另一道菜，甚至空气也可能将微生物带到食物中。由此可见，整份自助餐都可能被污染。另一方面，食物温度是另一个风险点：食物很容易处于 “8℃-63℃的危险温度区间”，保持温热状态，而这一区间正是细菌等微生物快速繁殖的 “温床”。 管理得当的餐厅可以降低这些风险。热菜应每 2 小时更换一次，冷菜每 4 小时更换一次；更换时需将剩余的旧食物彻底丢弃，而非仅往容器中添加新食物 —— 否则旧食物中的微生物会污染新食物。此外，热菜需保持在 63℃以上的温度，冷菜则需冷藏保存。 然而，餐饮企业的这些风险防控措施，很容易被顾客的不当行为破坏。食客可能在无意间或疏忽中增加污染风险：例如，未洗手就使用取餐夹、勺子，或取第二份食物时重复使用同一个盘子；用错取餐工具，或将工具手柄意外掉入食物碗中；更不用说那些在自助餐附近咳嗽、打喷嚏的人。 因此，若想在享受自助餐的同时将风险降至最低，你需要留意餐厅或酒店是否对自助餐进行规范管理，观察其他食客是否遵守良好的卫生习惯，同时自己也要做到这些。即便如此，与其他类型的餐厅相比，自助餐的食品安全风险依然更高。 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 ________ Paragraph 2 ________ Paragraph 3 ________ Paragraph 4 ________ Paragraph 5 ________ a. What to look for b. Food safety risks c. Dangerous foods d. Risky behaviour e. No need to choose f. What restaurants can do 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 microbes utensils lukewarm hygiene disposed of topped up cross-contamination Buffets can be a source of bad food 1) _______. Having so many dishes close together makes 2) _______ likely. Food is often left at 3) _______ temperatures allowing bacteria to grow easily. Risk can be reduced by a well-managed buffet where surplus food is 4) _______ before it gets dangerous. It is almost important that diners use 5) _______ correctly. 答案 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 e) No need to choose Paragraph 2 b) Food safety risks Paragraph 3 f) What restaurants can do Paragraph 4 d) Risky behaviour Paragraph 5 a) What to look for 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 Buffets can be a source of bad food hygiene. Having so many dishes close together makes cross-contamination likely. Food is often left at lukewarm temperatures allowing bacteria to grow easily. Risk can be reduced by a well-managed buffet where surplus food is disposed of before it gets dangerous. It is almost important that diners use utensils correctly. 【课标词汇积累】 dizzying 令人眼花缭乱的 sheer quantity 分量之大 hygiene 卫生 microbe 微生物 lukewarm 温的，微热的 bacterium 细菌 multiply 繁殖，大幅增加 be disposed of 被处理掉，被丢弃 top up 添加，补满 undo 消除，抵消 unwittingly 无意地，不知情地 thoughtlessly 不经意地，粗心地 tongs 夹子 ladle 长柄勺 second helping 再次取餐 utensil （厨房的）器具，用具 1. The city has experienced a dizzying pace of development in the past decade. 过去十年间，这座城市经历了令人眼花缭乱的发展速度。 2. The number of online shoppers has multiplied since the outbreak of the pandemic. 自疫情爆发以来，网购者的数量大幅增加。 3. Waste materials must be properly disposed of to protect the environment. 废弃物必须被妥善处理以保护环境。 4.All his efforts to improve his grades were undone by his carelessness in the final exam. 他为提高成绩所做的所有努力，都因期末考试的粗心大意而付诸东流（消除、抵消）。 5. She unwittingly revealed the secret to her classmate while chatting. 她在聊天时无意中向同学泄露了这个秘密。 【话题词汇/语块积累】 food poisoning 食物中毒 cross-contamination 交叉污染 Balanced Nutritional Diet 均衡营养饮食 Sports Injury Prevention 运动损伤预防 Healthy Habit Formation 健康习惯养成 Post-Exercise Recovery 运动后恢复 Junk Food Limitation 垃圾食品限制 （建议用时：60分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Do We Really Need 8 Hours of Sleep? Culture Matters People in different countries sleep varying amounts, and cultural beliefs about sleep play a significant role in its relationship to health. Studies have shown that Japanese people sleep significantly less than 1 in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Research has shown that Japanese people sleep 25 minutes less on average than Americans and 40 minutes less than Dutch people. Despite sleeping less than the 2 (recommend) eight hours, Japanese individuals generally have better health outcomes, living longer with lower rates of cancer and heart disease compared to North Americans. This creates a puzzle. One reason for this 3 be cultural dietary habits. Americans tend to consume more red meat and dairy, while the Japanese eat more fish, fruits, and vegetables. However, this alone doesn’t fully explain the health differences. Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier 4 they sleep less? In Japan, people tend to believe that sleep is a luxury, not a necessity, and 5 sacrificing sleep is vital for success. In North American culture, there is a strong, widespread belief that getting 8 hours of sleep is essential for 6 (maintain) good health. A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, 7 researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. Participants wore watches 8 (track) their actual sleep and answered questions about sleep beliefs and health. The results were clear: Japanese students averaged about 6 hours of sleep per night, significantly less than 7 hours among Canadian students. Interestingly, fewer physical health symptoms 9 (report) among the Japanese students. Therefore, the relationship 10 how long you sleep and your health is not absolute. It seems to be significantly influenced by your cultural background and personal beliefs about sleep. 【答案】 1．those 2．recommended 3．could/might/may 4．though/although 5．that 6．maintaining 7．where 8．to track 9．were reported 10．between 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出不同国家人们睡眠时间不同，日本人睡眠少于推荐的8小时却更健康，研究表明睡眠与健康的关系并非绝对，受文化背景和睡眠观念影响。 1．考查代词。句意：研究表明，日本人的睡眠时间明显少于美国、加拿大和欧洲人。空格处需指代前文 “people”（不同国家的人），避免重复。“those” 用于指代前文提到的复数可数名词（特指）。故填those。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管睡眠时间少于建议的8小时，但日本人的健康状况通常更好，与北美人相比，他们的寿命更长，癌症和心脏病的发病率更低。空格修饰名词 “eight hours”，“recommend”与“eight hours”是被动关系（“被推荐的 8 小时睡眠”），故用过去分词 “recommended”作定语。故填recommended。 3．考查情态动词。句意：其中一个原因可能是文化饮食习惯。前文提到“这是一个谜题”，后文推测原因（文化饮食习惯），表“可能的原因”，需用表委婉推测的情态动词。“may/might/could”均符合不确定的推测语境，三者均可。故填could/might/may。 4．考查让步状语从句。句意：为什么日本人睡眠时间少却看起来更健康？根据句意可知，句子逻辑为“日本人睡眠更少，但似乎更健康”，存在转折让步关系，需用引导让步状语从句的连词。“though/although”均表“尽管”，符合语境。故填though/although。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：在日本，人们倾向于认为睡眠是一种奢侈品，而不是必需品，牺牲睡眠对成功至关重要。空格前“believe”后接两个并列宾语从句（第一个是 “sleep is a luxury, not a necessity”，第二个是“sacrificing sleep is vital for success”），第二个从句不缺成分，需用“that”引导，且不可省略（并列宾语从句中，第二个“that”不能省略）。故填that。 6．考查动名词。句意：在北美文化中，有一种强烈而普遍的信念，即8小时的睡眠对保持身体健康至关重要。空格前“for”是介词，介词后接动词需用动名词形式，所以填“maintaining”。故填maintaining。 7．考查定语从句。句意：Benjamin张领导的一项具体研究调查了这些文化差异，研究人员比较了来自加拿大和日本的295名大学生。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“study”，在从句中作地点状语（in the study），故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 8．考查动词不定式。句意：参与者戴着手表跟踪自己的实际睡眠情况，并回答有关睡眠信念和健康的问题。根据句意可知，“佩戴手表”的目的是“记录实际睡眠情况”，需用不定式“to track”作目的状语，符合语境。故填to track。 9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：有趣的是，日本学生报告的身体健康症状较少。主语“fewer physical health symptoms”与“report”是被动关系（“症状被报告”），且全文时态为一般过去时（如 “investigated”“compared”“wore”），故用一般过去时的被动语态 “were reported”。故填were reported。 10．考查介词。句意：因此，睡眠时间与健康之间的关系并不是绝对的。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配“between...and...”表示“在……和……之间”。故填between。 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．stimulating  B．springing  C． capacity  D．associated  E. infectious  F. resolute   G. satisfying  H. sweat   I. bottles  J. lights  K. reframe Find your happy place: How to outsmart stress If you’re all too familiar with the physical sense of being stressed, it may be time to make some changes. Over time, this can negatively affect your body, leading to fatigue and headaches. Here are a few ways that research suggests can help you keep calm and carry on.Work up a (n) 11 . When we’re stressed, the part of our brain that registers fear 12 up like a fireworks display. Regular exercise can provide a(n) 13 release for frustration and other negative feelings. It may reduce stress hormones and it can trigger your body to release feel-good chemicals that can help boost your mood.Be decisive We face dozens of choices every day, and each of them involves our mental 14 and requires us to make a decision. It turns out that being good at making decisions may be good for our health. Research shows that decisive people may have lower levels of the stress hormcne cortisol (皮质醇) than poor decision-makers. Want to be more 15 ? Simplify your decisions by focusing on facts, so you understand what’s really at stake (有风险), and then 16 problems as opportunities.Anxiety arises when one 17 up feelings The next time you’re sweating something, pause and ask yourself: What are the positives? How can I look at this as a(n) 18 challenge rather than a problem? Changing the way you look at a situation can help you respond a less stressful way.See every glass as at least half full Are you a pessimist? Chances are you can change your outlook through your experiences. The best strategy is to deliberately avoid other pessimists, and surround yourself with optimists whose positive emotions are 19 . It’s also important to feel as if you have a purpose every day—whether that comes from your work, family and friends or an activity. Having something that you’re passionate about, and achieving goals 20 with it, can help many people have a more optimistic outlook. 【答案】 11．H 12．J 13．G 14．C 15．F 16．K 17．I 18．A 19．E 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四种应对压力的方法，包括锻炼、果断决策、调整心态和保持乐观，帮助人们保持冷静、缓解压力。 11．考查名词。句意：出一身汗。空格处需填名词，作work up的宾语，结合后文“Regular exercise”可知，此处指通过锻炼出汗缓解压力，sweat符合语境，“work up a sweat”是固定短语，意为“出汗，努力工作”。故选H。 12．考查动词。句意：当我们感到压力时，大脑中负责感知恐惧的部分会像烟花表演一样活跃起来。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合“like a fireworks display(像烟花表演一样)”，此处形容大脑恐惧感知区域变得活跃，lights符合语境，“light up”是固定短语，意为“活跃起来，点亮”。故选J。 13．考查形容词。句意：规律锻炼能让人满意地释放挫败感和其他负面情绪。空格处需填形容词修饰release，satisfying意为“令人满意的”，“a satisfying release”表示“令人满意的释放”，符合锻炼带来的情绪舒缓效果，与后文“提升情绪”相呼应。故选G。 14．考查名词。句意：我们每天面临几十个选择，每个选择都需要我们的心智能力，要求我们做出决定。空格处需填名词，作involves的宾语，mental capacity表示“心智能力”，符合“做出选择需要心智支撑”的逻辑。故选C。 15．考查形容词。句意：想要更果断吗？空格处需填形容词，作be的表语，前文提到“Be decisive(要果断)”及“果断的人皮质醇水平更低”，此处承接主题，询问如何更果断，resolute意为“果断的，坚决的”，与decisive同义，符合语境。故选F。 16．考查动词。句意：通过关注事实简化你的决定，这样你就会明白真正的风险所在，然后将问题重新定义为机会。空格处需填动词，与simplify并列，用原形，reframe意为“重新定义，重构”，“reframe problems as opportunities”表示“将问题重新定义为机会”，符合后文“调整看待问题的方式”的建议。故选K。 17．考查动词。句意：当一个人压抑情绪时，焦虑就会产生。空格处需填动词作谓语，“bottle up”是固定短语，意为“压抑，抑制”，“bottle up feelings”表示“压抑情绪”，结合“焦虑产生”的结果，此处指情绪压抑的危害，bottles符合语境。故选I。 18．考查形容词。句意：我如何将这视为一个有刺激性的挑战，而不是一个问题？空格处需填形容词修饰challenge，stimulating意为“有刺激性的，令人兴奋的”，与“rather than a problem”形成对比，符合“调整心态看待压力”的主题，鼓励将压力视为有意义的挑战。故选A。 19．考查形容词。句意：最好的策略是刻意避开其他悲观主义者，让自己置身于乐观主义者之中，他们的积极情绪具有感染力。空格处需填形容词作表语，infectious意为“有感染力的”，“positive emotions are infectious”表示“积极情绪具有感染力”，符合“围绕乐观主义者能改变心态”的逻辑。故选E。 20．考查形容词。句意：拥有你所热爱的东西，并实现与之相关的目标，能帮助许多人拥有更乐观的心态。空格处需填形容词，作后置定语修饰goals，“associated with”表示“与……相关的”，“goals associated with it”指与热爱的事物相关的目标，符合“通过追求热爱的事物实现目标、保持乐观”的语境。故选D。 题型03 六选四 Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension and stress from time to time. Here are some ways to help us manage them. 21 We all think we know how to relax. But calming down in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. Depending on what you are watching or doing, it could even make you more nervous. The same is true for alcohol, drugs or tobacco. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but it’s a false state of relaxation that’s only temporary. What the body really needs is a relaxation technique — like deep breathing, tai chi or yoga — that has a physical effect on the mind. Get enough sleep, nutrition and exercise Get the right amount of sleep for your needs not too much or too little. Eat well-chosen fruit, vegetables, low fat proteins and whole grains for long term energy instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine. 22 In that way, your brain and body can operate at their best. Connect with others. 23 Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, which allows us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to deal with it. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone. 24 Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful. Choose somewhere you feel safe so that you can relax and enjoy your surroundings. Walking or hiking can offer additional benefit or exercise. Invite a friend or two — or a family member along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well. Think positively. A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful and positive. Allow yourself to dream and wish for the best. A．Spend time with your friends or family. B．Express yourself to others. C．Connect with nature. D．Keep away from stress and anxiety. E．Exercise to send oxygen to every cell to the body. F．Choose a correct way to relax. 【答案】21．F 22．E 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了缓解焦虑等负面情绪的方法，包括选择正确的放松方式、保证充足睡眠和均衡营养、与他人建立联系以及培养积极心态。通过这些方法，人们可以更好地管理情绪，保持身心健康。 21．下文“We all think we know how to relax. But calming down in front of the TV or computer isn’t true relaxation. Depending on what you are watching or doing, it could even make you more nervous. (我们都认为自己知道如何放松。但在电视或电脑前冷静下来并不是真正的放松。根据你正在看或做的事情，它甚至可能让你更紧张。)”说明了很多人以为的放松方式其实是错误的，真正需要的是对身体有实际作用的放松技巧。F选项“Choose a correct way to relax.(选择正确的放松方式。)”概括了下文的主要内容，强调了选择正确放松方式的重要性，符合题意。故选F。 22．上文“Get the right amount of sleep for your need not too much or too little. Eat well-chosen fruit, vegetables, low fat proteins and whole grains for long term energy instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine.(获得适合你需求的适量睡眠，不要太多也不要太少。选择优质的水果、蔬菜、低脂蛋白质和全谷物来提供长期能量，而不是过多糖分或咖啡因带来的短暂能量爆发。)”说明了要获得适量睡眠和健康饮食，以提供长期能量；下文“In that way, your brain and body can operate at their best.(这样，你的大脑和身体就能发挥最佳状态。)”说明了这样做的好处。E选项“Exercise to send oxygen to every cell to the body.(通过锻炼将氧气输送到身体的每个细胞。)”说明了锻炼也是保持大脑和身体最佳状态的重要方式，与上下文内容相呼应，符合题意。故选E。 23．上文“Connect with others.(与他人建立联系。)”说明了要与他人建立联系；下文“Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, which allows us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to deal with it. You’ll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You’re not alone.(和那些我们觉得亲近的人一起做事会加深我们的联系，这会让我们感到更快乐，对事情不那么沮丧。)”说明了和亲近的人一起做事、交流的好处。A选项“Spend time with your friends or family.(花时间和你的朋友或家人在一起。)”是对上文“Connect with others.”的具体解释，说明了与朋友或家人在一起是与他人建立联系的一种方式，符合题意。故选A。 24．下文“Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful.(去公园散步或在树林里徒步旅行可以帮助任何人感到平静。)”说明了与大自然接触可以让人感到平静，并享受与人建立联系的感觉。C选项“Connect with nature.(与大自然建立联系。)”概括了下文的主要内容，强调了与大自然建立联系的重要性，符合题意。故选C。 题型04 概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Regular exercise can reduce a woman’s risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. The study involving 5,968 women in Maryland confirmed previous findings that people who do regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer. But when the researchers looked at the women ages 18 to 65 who were in the upper half in terms of the amount of physical exercise they got per week, they found that sleep appeared to play an important role in cancer risk.   Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women, the researchers reported at a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. “We think it’s quite interesting and intriguing. It’s kind of a first look into this. It isn’t something that has been widely studied,” James McClain of the National Cancer Institute, part of the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health, said in a telephone interview. McClain, who led the study, said it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的） to cancer. “Getting adequate sleep has been long associated with health,” McClain said.   The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls sleep loss an under-recognized public health problem, saying Americans are getting less and less slumber. The CDCP said the percentage of adults reporting sleeping six hours or less a night increased from 1985 to 2006.  Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure,  stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking. In addition, research had shown that people who get regular exercise have a reduced risk of breast, colon and other types of cancer. Experts think the effects of exercise on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight may play an important role. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer. But the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, especially less than seven hours nightly which may cause such health problems as obesity, depression and so on. However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍美国研究人员发现，定期锻炼可能对身体激素水平、免疫功能和体重产生积极影响，从而降低患癌症的风险。但是，如果睡眠太少，尤其是每晚睡眠不足7小时，可能会导致肥胖、抑郁等健康问题，那么这些好处可能会溜走。然而，目前还不清楚睡眠不足究竟是如何使人们更容易患癌症的。 【详解】1 要点摘录①Regular exercise can reduce a woman’s risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. ②Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women. ③it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的） to cancer. ④Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure,  stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking. ⑤Experts think the effects of exercise on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight may play an important role. 2.缜密构思将第1、5两个要点进行重组，将第2、4两个要点进行整合。将第3个要点用自己的话进行简要表述。 3.遣词造句US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer. But the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, especially less than seven hours nightly which may cause such health problems as obesity, depression and so on. However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和最后一段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、短语have an effect on，which引导的定语从句等表达高级。 [高分句型2]：However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer. 用how引导主语从句对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $