热点01 科技创新与社会发展（热点专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题材热点01 科技创新与社会发展 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 人们对“artificial intelligence（人工智能）”是否会在未来成为一种特殊的生命形式态度不一。不过即使是现在，一些“chatbot（聊天机器人）”几乎已经达到了“以假乱真”的效果，能够让人产生自己是在和真正的人类聊天的错觉。本文浅谈为何有的人会把人工智能看作人类，以及可能随之而来的种种问题。 【原文欣赏】 Why some people believe AI is human 1 After MIT Professor Joseph Weizenbaum created the chatbot Eliza, he became concerned that people who had used the programme started to act as if it was human. This might sound like a modern problem, but Eliza was created in 1966. If a programme from the 1960s was capable of tricking people into thinking it was human, what effect could the large-language-model-based chatbots of the 2020s have? 2 Modern philosophers and technology experts have discussed whether AI could develop consciousness. Sentience is difficult to define, but the fact that large language models respond by mathematically calculating the probability of certain patterns appearing suggests that it would be hard to consider them to be alive. However, in terms of our responses to them, what matters is not whether they are sentient, but whether they appear to be so. 3 Large language models are made up of genuine human interactions. While their tendency to hallucinate means that chatbots are not able to provide reliable factual information, they are able to effectively replicate the language used in human communication. Psychologists report that people tend to have a cognitive bias towards forming attachment and trust. Even sceptical technology writers report feeling some emotion towards AI chatbots. Some users have even reported grief when one model has been replaced by a newer one. 4 This combination of believable human language together with the inability to reliably assess facts can be dangerous.Cases have been reported where people have been encouraged by chatbots to do dangerous or illegal things. The chatbots were able to use language to encourage and persuade, but not identify or evaluate risks. Trust becomes dangerous when it is not accompanied by reason. Also, if people form relationships with AI, then they may spend less time and effort trying to cultivate genuine human relationships. Could the chatbot revolution lead to a world where we struggle to relate to each other? 【译文赏析】 麻省理工学院教授约瑟夫・魏岑鲍姆（Joseph Weizenbaum）发明聊天机器人 “伊莱扎”（Eliza）后，开始担忧使用过该程序的人会表现出将其视为人类的行为。这听起来或许像个现代问题，但 “伊莱扎” 实则诞生于 1966 年。倘若一款 20 世纪 60 年代的程序就足以欺骗人类，让人们误以为它拥有人类意识，那么 21 世纪 20 年代基于大型语言模型的聊天机器人又会产生怎样的影响呢？ 现代哲学家与科技专家一直在探讨人工智能是否能发展出意识。“感知能力” 的定义本身就颇具难度，但大型语言模型的运作原理是通过数学计算特定模式出现的概率来生成回应，这一事实表明，我们很难将其视为 “具有生命的存在”。然而，从人类对它们的反应来看，关键不在于它们是否真的拥有感知能力，而在于它们是否 “看似” 具备感知能力。 大型语言模型的训练数据源自真实的人类互动内容。尽管这类模型存在 “幻觉现象”（即生成虚假信息的倾向），导致聊天机器人无法提供可靠的事实性信息，但它们能够有效模仿人类交流中的语言表达方式。心理学家指出，人类在认知上存在一种固有偏见 —— 倾向于对事物产生情感依恋并给予信任。即便对科技持怀疑态度的撰稿人，也坦言自己会对人工智能聊天机器人产生某种情感。部分用户甚至表示，当旧版模型被新版取代时，会产生失落感。 这种 “看似真实的人类语言表达” 与 “无法可靠判断事实” 的结合，可能带来潜在危险。已有报道显示，一些人在聊天机器人的怂恿下做出危险或违法的行为。这些聊天机器人能够通过语言进行鼓励和劝说，却无法识别或评估行为背后的风险。当信任脱离理性的约束时，便会成为危险的导火索。此外，若人类与人工智能建立情感联系，可能会减少投入真实人际关系的时间与精力。这场聊天机器人革命，是否会让我们陷入 “难以与同类正常交往” 的困境？ 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 _______ Paragraph 2 _______ Paragraph 3 _______ Paragraph 4 _______ a. Could AI be alive? b. Not a new problem c. Forming a connection d. Jobs lost to AI e. Dangers of AI 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 replicating hallucinating sentient patterns consciousness sceptical cognitive bias Some people wonder if AI could one day become 1) _______. The reality is that today large language models are based on 2) _______. However, because they are so successful at 3) _______ human communication styles, people think they can see AI’s 4) _______. People’s 5) _______ towards trust means they can start to believe that AI is human. 【课标词汇积累】 chatbot 聊天机器人 sentience 感觉能力，知觉 probability 可能性 sentient 有感知能力的 interaction 互动 hallucinate 出现幻觉 reliable 可靠的 replicate 复制，重现 attachment 依恋 sceptical 持怀疑态度的 grief 悲伤，悲痛 assess 评价，评估 reason 判断力，理性 cultivate 培养 1. Large language models work by calculating the probability of specific word patterns appearing in human communication.大型语言模型通过计算特定词汇模式在人类交流中出现的概率来运作。 2.Since chatbots have a tendency to hallucinate, they cannot be regarded as reliable sources of factual information. 由于聊天机器人存在生成虚假信息的倾向，它们不能被视为可靠的事实信息来源。 3. Psychologists explain that human attachment to AI chatbots stems from our natural desire to connect with seemingly "responsive" beings. 心理学家解释，人类对人工智能聊天机器人的依恋，源于我们与看似 “能回应” 的事物建立联结的天然渴望。 4. Even sceptical tech users have to admit that AI has brought convenience to daily work and study. 即便是持怀疑态度的科技用户，也不得不承认人工智能为日常工作和学习带来了便利。 5. In the digital age, it’s more important than ever to cultivate genuine face-to-face relationships with family and friends.在数字时代，与家人朋友培养真正的面对面交流关系，比以往任何时候都更为重要。 【话题词汇/语块拓展】 Cognitive bias 认知偏见 Large language model 大语言模型 Digital Divide 数字鸿沟 Human-AI Interaction 人机交互 Ethical Implications of Innovation 创新的伦理意义 Technological Adaptation 技术适应 （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Robots entering Chinese homes During the World Smart Industry Expo 2025, crowds of visitors gathered at the booth of Agile Robots to watch a robotic arm move precisely over a participant’s waist. Using sensors to detect muscle tension and applying the ideal amount of pressure for a massage, the robotic arm drew exclamations of amazement: “ 1 technique is even better than a veteran masseur!” The healthcare robot 2 (develop)by the Beijing-based company is called "Dabai” and is equipped with tactile sensors and artificial intelligence algorithms. It can provide users with professional massage services.With a focus on “AI+” and “Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicles”this year, the four-day expo from Friday to Monday brought together more than 600 domestic and international businesses, 3 (showcase) over 3,000 innovations in the smart technology industry. One particular highlight of the exhibition area was the various smart robot products 4 targeted ordinary Chinese households. “The physiotherapy services industry relies on the therapist’s skills and faces challenges such as long training periods and a high staff turnover,” said Zhang Mingfeng, electrical supervisor at Agile Robots. “The key to 5 (address) industry bottlenecks is to standardize products and services.” From humanoid robots that can sing and dance to floor-cleaning machines and electronic pets, a variety of advanced devices are now entering everyday households. These products, once limited to factories and laboratories, are now helping to improve people’s daily lives. “Robots are not cold machines in steel shells. We aim to make technology help,” said Xi E’e, head of brand operations of an industrial innovation park in Chongqing. “These innovative products cover scenarios 6 _______ household use, healthcare and outdoor activities, as the smart robots cater to diversifying consumer demands,” said Xi. According to data from the 2025 World Robot Conference, China 7 (remain) the world’s largest industrial robot market for 12 consecutive years. Meanwhile,the output of service robots exceeded 10.5 million units in 2024, marking a year-on-year increase of 34.3 percent. According to a Morgan Stanley report, China’s robotics market 8 (project) to grow from $47 billion in 2024 to $108 billion by 2028, with service robots achieving a compound annual growth rate of 25 percent. “My daughter is very interested in this desktop pet robot, and we plan to get one for her”, said Li Qing, who visited the expo with her six-year-old. The product is a kitten-like robot that 9 engage in conversation and display a range of expressions. It functions as both a learning assistant and a delightful companion. China’s robotics industry is accelerating its development toward large-scale production and cost reductions 10 establishing a complete supply chain from design to assembly. 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．piloted         B．precisely    C． barriers     D．fault    E. misjudge F. life-threatening   G. transition   H. priorities    I. tempted  J. posed   K. undeniably Your robot driver is on its way Driving has many downsides: There’s pollution, traffic, finding a place to park. But worst of all are the crashes. In 2023, an estimated 40,990 people were killed in car crashes in the United States. Reducing traffic crashes should be among the nation’s highest 11 . Behind each one lie many human errors. People get behind the wheel when they are drunk or sleepy, and they text or talk on their phones instead of paying attention to the road. Or they simply 12 road conditions. Enormous work has gone into reducing these human errors. But data from Waymo, Alphabet’s self-driving car unit, suggests that a better strategy might be to take the driver out of the picture and let vehicles be 13 by machines that will never get distracted or drunk, or be 14 to break traffic laws because they’re running late. Waymo robotaxis have logged 33 million miles and the company’s figures show that Waymo robotaxi vehicles deliver 15 better safety performance. Compared with cars driven by humans, Waymo vehicles have been involved in 62 percent fewer police-reported crashes and 78 percent fewer crashes that resulted in injury. Timothy B．Lee, author of the Understanding AI newsletter, pointed out the crashes “were mostly low-speed collisions (碰撞)” that 16 no serious safety risk. “A large majority appeared to be the 17 of the other driver,” Lee said. It’s too early to know how much self-driving cars could reduce 18 crashes. But it’s reasonable to hope that Waymo will prove safer than human drivers. Governments at all levels should be rushing to knock down regulatory 19 that stand in the way of faster adoption of driverless cars while also ensuring that the companies meet the highest standards for safety and accountability. In early January, the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association released a proposed policy framework that aims to speed the 20 . The association also calls for a national safety database to provide a better view of crash incidents involving self-driving cars. 题型03 六选四 Humanity and Technology: A Delicate Balance The relationship between humans and technology has always been complex. It is a dance of progress and caution, each step requiring thoughtful evaluation. From the invention of the wheel to artificial intelligence, technological advancements have undeniably improved our lives. Today, smartphones connect billions globally, medical breakthroughs extend lifespans, and renewable energy technologies combat climate change. However, this dependence carries risks. 21 . Studies show that excessive screen time reduces face-to-face communication skills, while automation threatens traditional jobs. A 2023 UNESCO report warned that over 40% of youth feel "digitally addicted," struggling to focus on offline activities. 22 . For instance, social media algorithms designed to maximize engagement often spread misinformation, deepening societal divisions. Additionally, facial recognition systems, though efficient, raise ethical concerns about privacy. As philosopher Langdon Winner observed, "Technologies are not merely tools; they reshape human behavior." To navigate this challenge, education systems must evolve. Schools should teach digital literacy alongside emotional intelligence, helping students critically evaluate online content while nurturing empathy. 23 . Japan’s “digital detox” school programs and Germany’s data ethics courses offer promising models. Ultimately, technology mirrors its creators. 24 By fostering responsibility and wisdom, humanity can ensure technology remains a servant, not a master. A．The key lies in striking a balance between innovation and human values. B．For example, electric cars reduce air pollution in urban areas significantly. C．Historians argue that ancient civilizations collapsed due to resource overuse. D．Moreover, technology’s unintended consequences demand urgent attention. E．Without proper regulation, those tools may gradually erode our autonomy. F．If we prioritize ethics over convenience, technology can multiply our humanity rather than reduce it. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题材热点01 科技创新与社会发展 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 人们对“artificial intelligence（人工智能）”是否会在未来成为一种特殊的生命形式态度不一。不过即使是现在，一些“chatbot（聊天机器人）”几乎已经达到了“以假乱真”的效果，能够让人产生自己是在和真正的人类聊天的错觉。本文浅谈为何有的人会把人工智能看作人类，以及可能随之而来的种种问题。 【原文欣赏】 Why some people believe AI is human 1 After MIT Professor Joseph Weizenbaum created the chatbot Eliza, he became concerned that people who had used the programme started to act as if it was human. This might sound like a modern problem, but Eliza was created in 1966. If a programme from the 1960s was capable of tricking people into thinking it was human, what effect could the large-language-model-based chatbots of the 2020s have? 2 Modern philosophers and technology experts have discussed whether AI could develop consciousness. Sentience is difficult to define, but the fact that large language models respond by mathematically calculating the probability of certain patterns appearing suggests that it would be hard to consider them to be alive. However, in terms of our responses to them, what matters is not whether they are sentient, but whether they appear to be so. 3 Large language models are made up of genuine human interactions. While their tendency to hallucinate means that chatbots are not able to provide reliable factual information, they are able to effectively replicate the language used in human communication. Psychologists report that people tend to have a cognitive bias towards forming attachment and trust. Even sceptical technology writers report feeling some emotion towards AI chatbots. Some users have even reported grief when one model has been replaced by a newer one. 4 This combination of believable human language together with the inability to reliably assess facts can be dangerous.Cases have been reported where people have been encouraged by chatbots to do dangerous or illegal things. The chatbots were able to use language to encourage and persuade, but not identify or evaluate risks. Trust becomes dangerous when it is not accompanied by reason. Also, if people form relationships with AI, then they may spend less time and effort trying to cultivate genuine human relationships. Could the chatbot revolution lead to a world where we struggle to relate to each other? 【译文赏析】 麻省理工学院教授约瑟夫・魏岑鲍姆（Joseph Weizenbaum）发明聊天机器人 “伊莱扎”（Eliza）后，开始担忧使用过该程序的人会表现出将其视为人类的行为。这听起来或许像个现代问题，但 “伊莱扎” 实则诞生于 1966 年。倘若一款 20 世纪 60 年代的程序就足以欺骗人类，让人们误以为它拥有人类意识，那么 21 世纪 20 年代基于大型语言模型的聊天机器人又会产生怎样的影响呢？ 现代哲学家与科技专家一直在探讨人工智能是否能发展出意识。“感知能力” 的定义本身就颇具难度，但大型语言模型的运作原理是通过数学计算特定模式出现的概率来生成回应，这一事实表明，我们很难将其视为 “具有生命的存在”。然而，从人类对它们的反应来看，关键不在于它们是否真的拥有感知能力，而在于它们是否 “看似” 具备感知能力。 大型语言模型的训练数据源自真实的人类互动内容。尽管这类模型存在 “幻觉现象”（即生成虚假信息的倾向），导致聊天机器人无法提供可靠的事实性信息，但它们能够有效模仿人类交流中的语言表达方式。心理学家指出，人类在认知上存在一种固有偏见 —— 倾向于对事物产生情感依恋并给予信任。即便对科技持怀疑态度的撰稿人，也坦言自己会对人工智能聊天机器人产生某种情感。部分用户甚至表示，当旧版模型被新版取代时，会产生失落感。 这种 “看似真实的人类语言表达” 与 “无法可靠判断事实” 的结合，可能带来潜在危险。已有报道显示，一些人在聊天机器人的怂恿下做出危险或违法的行为。这些聊天机器人能够通过语言进行鼓励和劝说，却无法识别或评估行为背后的风险。当信任脱离理性的约束时，便会成为危险的导火索。此外，若人类与人工智能建立情感联系，可能会减少投入真实人际关系的时间与精力。这场聊天机器人革命，是否会让我们陷入 “难以与同类正常交往” 的困境？ 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 _______ Paragraph 2 _______ Paragraph 3 _______ Paragraph 4 _______ a. Could AI be alive? b. Not a new problem c. Forming a connection d. Jobs lost to AI e. Dangers of AI 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 replicating hallucinating sentient patterns consciousness sceptical cognitive bias Some people wonder if AI could one day become 1) _______. The reality is that today large language models are based on 2) _______. However, because they are so successful at 3) _______ human communication styles, people think they can see AI’s 4) _______. People’s 5) _______ towards trust means they can start to believe that AI is human. 答案 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 b) Not a new problem Paragraph 2 a) Could AI be alive? Paragraph 3 c) Forming a connection Paragraph 4 e) Dangers of AI 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 Some people wonder if AI could one day become sentient. The reality is that today large language models are based on patterns. However, because they are so successful at replicating human communication styles, people think they can see AI’s consciousness. People’s cognitive bias towards trust means they can start to believe that AI is human. 【课标词汇积累】 chatbot 聊天机器人 sentience 感觉能力，知觉 probability 可能性 sentient 有感知能力的 interaction 互动 hallucinate 出现幻觉 reliable 可靠的 replicate 复制，重现 attachment 依恋 sceptical 持怀疑态度的 grief 悲伤，悲痛 assess 评价，评估 reason 判断力，理性 cultivate 培养 1. Large language models work by calculating the probability of specific word patterns appearing in human communication.大型语言模型通过计算特定词汇模式在人类交流中出现的概率来运作。 2.Since chatbots have a tendency to hallucinate, they cannot be regarded as reliable sources of factual information. 由于聊天机器人存在生成虚假信息的倾向，它们不能被视为可靠的事实信息来源。 3. Psychologists explain that human attachment to AI chatbots stems from our natural desire to connect with seemingly "responsive" beings. 心理学家解释，人类对人工智能聊天机器人的依恋，源于我们与看似 “能回应” 的事物建立联结的天然渴望。 4. Even sceptical tech users have to admit that AI has brought convenience to daily work and study. 即便是持怀疑态度的科技用户，也不得不承认人工智能为日常工作和学习带来了便利。 5. In the digital age, it’s more important than ever to cultivate genuine face-to-face relationships with family and friends.在数字时代，与家人朋友培养真正的面对面交流关系，比以往任何时候都更为重要。 【话题词汇/语块拓展】 Cognitive bias 认知偏见 Large language model 大语言模型 Digital Divide 数字鸿沟 Human-AI Interaction 人机交互 Ethical Implications of Innovation 创新的伦理意义 Technological Adaptation 技术适应 （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Robots entering Chinese homes During the World Smart Industry Expo 2025, crowds of visitors gathered at the booth of Agile Robots to watch a robotic arm move precisely over a participant’s waist. Using sensors to detect muscle tension and applying the ideal amount of pressure for a massage, the robotic arm drew exclamations of amazement: “ 1 technique is even better than a veteran masseur!” The healthcare robot 2 (develop)by the Beijing-based company is called "Dabai” and is equipped with tactile sensors and artificial intelligence algorithms. It can provide users with professional massage services.With a focus on “AI+” and “Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicles”this year, the four-day expo from Friday to Monday brought together more than 600 domestic and international businesses, 3 (showcase) over 3,000 innovations in the smart technology industry. One particular highlight of the exhibition area was the various smart robot products 4 targeted ordinary Chinese households. “The physiotherapy services industry relies on the therapist’s skills and faces challenges such as long training periods and a high staff turnover,” said Zhang Mingfeng, electrical supervisor at Agile Robots. “The key to 5 (address) industry bottlenecks is to standardize products and services.” From humanoid robots that can sing and dance to floor-cleaning machines and electronic pets, a variety of advanced devices are now entering everyday households. These products, once limited to factories and laboratories, are now helping to improve people’s daily lives. “Robots are not cold machines in steel shells. We aim to make technology help,” said Xi E’e, head of brand operations of an industrial innovation park in Chongqing. “These innovative products cover scenarios 6 _______ household use, healthcare and outdoor activities, as the smart robots cater to diversifying consumer demands,” said Xi. According to data from the 2025 World Robot Conference, China 7 (remain) the world’s largest industrial robot market for 12 consecutive years. Meanwhile,the output of service robots exceeded 10.5 million units in 2024, marking a year-on-year increase of 34.3 percent. According to a Morgan Stanley report, China’s robotics market 8 (project) to grow from $47 billion in 2024 to $108 billion by 2028, with service robots achieving a compound annual growth rate of 25 percent. “My daughter is very interested in this desktop pet robot, and we plan to get one for her”, said Li Qing, who visited the expo with her six-year-old. The product is a kitten-like robot that 9 engage in conversation and display a range of expressions. It functions as both a learning assistant and a delightful companion. China’s robotics industry is accelerating its development toward large-scale production and cost reductions 10 establishing a complete supply chain from design to assembly. 【答案】 1．Its/The 2．developed 3．showcasing 4．that/which 5．addressing 6．such as 7．has remained 8．is projected 9．can 10．when/while 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍2025世界智能产业博览会上各类家用智能机器人产品，中国机器人产业的市场地位、发展数据及未来趋势。 1．考查冠词/形容词性物主代词。句意：它的/这项技术甚至比资深按摩师还要好！此处修饰名词technique，可特指前文提到的机器人手臂的按摩技术，用定冠词The；也可表示“它的（机器人的）技术”，用形容词性物主代词Its。故填Its/The。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这款由这家北京公司研发的健康机器人名为“大白”，配备了触觉传感器和人工智能算法。此处为非谓语动词，The healthcare robot与develop为被动关系，用过去分词developed作后置定语。故填developed。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：本届博览会为期四天（周五至周一），聚焦“人工智能+”和“智能网联新能源汽车”，汇集了600多家国内外企业，展示了智能科技产业的3000多项创新成果。此处为非谓语动词，the four-day expo与showcase为主动关系，用现在分词showcasing作状语。故填showcasing。 4．考查定语从句。句意：展区的一大亮点是各类面向中国普通家庭的智能机器人产品。此处为定语从句，先行词为the various smart robot products，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：解决行业瓶颈的关键是实现产品和服务的标准化。此处位于介词of之后，用address的动名词形式addressing。故填addressing。 6．考查固定短语。句意：这些创新产品涵盖家庭使用、医疗健康和户外活动等场景，智能机器人满足了多样化的消费需求。此处列举产品涵盖的场景，用固定短语such as，意为“例如、诸如”。故填such as。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：根据2025世界机器人大会的数据，中国已连续12年保持全球最大工业机器人市场地位。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“for 12 consecutive years”，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时；主语China为单数，所以谓语动词为has remained。故填has remained。 8．考查动词语态和时态。句意：摩根士丹利的一份报告显示，中国机器人市场预计将从2024年的470亿美元增长到2028年的1080亿美元，服务机器人的年复合增长率将达到25%。此处为谓语动词，描述报告中的预测，用一般现在时；且China’s robotics market与project为被动关系，主语为单数，所以谓语动词为is projected。故填is projected。 9．考查情态动词。句意：该产品是一款小猫外形的机器人，能够进行对话并展现多种表情。此处表示机器人具备的功能，意为“能够对话”，用情态动词can，意为“能够、可以”。故填can。 10．考查连词。句意：中国机器人产业在建立从设计到组装的完整供应链的同时，加速向规模化生产和成本降低方向发展。此处表示“加速发展”与“建立完整供应链”同时进行，或“通过建立供应链”实现发展，用连词when/while，表示“当……时”均可。故填when/while。 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．piloted         B．precisely    C． barriers     D．fault    E. misjudge F. life-threatening   G. transition   H. priorities    I. tempted  J. posed   K. undeniably Your robot driver is on its way Driving has many downsides: There’s pollution, traffic, finding a place to park. But worst of all are the crashes. In 2023, an estimated 40,990 people were killed in car crashes in the United States. Reducing traffic crashes should be among the nation’s highest 11 . Behind each one lie many human errors. People get behind the wheel when they are drunk or sleepy, and they text or talk on their phones instead of paying attention to the road. Or they simply 12 road conditions. Enormous work has gone into reducing these human errors. But data from Waymo, Alphabet’s self-driving car unit, suggests that a better strategy might be to take the driver out of the picture and let vehicles be 13 by machines that will never get distracted or drunk, or be 14 to break traffic laws because they’re running late. Waymo robotaxis have logged 33 million miles and the company’s figures show that Waymo robotaxi vehicles deliver 15 better safety performance. Compared with cars driven by humans, Waymo vehicles have been involved in 62 percent fewer police-reported crashes and 78 percent fewer crashes that resulted in injury. Timothy B．Lee, author of the Understanding AI newsletter, pointed out the crashes “were mostly low-speed collisions (碰撞)” that 16 no serious safety risk. “A large majority appeared to be the 17 of the other driver,” Lee said. It’s too early to know how much self-driving cars could reduce 18 crashes. But it’s reasonable to hope that Waymo will prove safer than human drivers. Governments at all levels should be rushing to knock down regulatory 19 that stand in the way of faster adoption of driverless cars while also ensuring that the companies meet the highest standards for safety and accountability. In early January, the Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association released a proposed policy framework that aims to speed the 20 . The association also calls for a national safety database to provide a better view of crash incidents involving self-driving cars. 【答案】 11．H 12．E 13．A 14．I 15．K 16．J 17．D 18．F 19．C 20．G 【导语】本文是新闻报道。主要围绕自动驾驶汽车的发展、优势以及其对减少交通事故的潜在影响进行了阐述。 11．考查名词。句意：减少交通事故应该是国家的首要任务之一。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，应是priority意为“重点”符合语境，根据among可知，用复数形式。故选H项。 12．考查动词。句意：或者他们只是误判了路况。本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是misjudge意为“误判”符合语境，描述客观状态，用一般现在时。故选E项。 13．考查动词。句意：但Alphabet旗下自动驾驶汽车部门Waymo的数据表明，更好的策略可能是将驾驶员排除在外，让机器驾驶车辆，这些机器永远不会分心或醉酒，也不会因为迟到而违反交通法规。根据句意，此处应是pilot意为“驾驶”符合语境，根据空后的by可知，需用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故选A项。 14．考查动词。句意：但Alphabet旗下自动驾驶汽车部门Waymo的数据表明，更好的策略可能是将驾驶员排除在外，让机器驾驶车辆，这些机器永远不会分心或醉酒，也不会因为迟到而违反交通法规。根据句意，应是tempt意为“引诱”符合语境，和主语vehicles之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式。故选I项。 15．考查副词。句意：Waymo无人驾驶出租车已经行驶了3300万英里，该公司的数据显示，Waymo无人驾驶出租车的安全性能无可否认更好。空处修饰空后的形容词，所以用副词修饰，根据句意，应是undeniably意为“不可否认地”符合语境。故选K项。 16．考查动词。句意：《理解人工智能》通讯的作者Timothy B. Lee指出，这些碰撞“大多是低速碰撞”，不会构成严重的安全风险。本句是that引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是pose意为“造成(威胁、问题等)”符合语境，根据were可知，用一般过去时。故选J项。 17．考查名词。句意：“大部分事故似乎是另一位司机的过错，”Lee说。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，应是fault意为“过错”符合语境。故选D项。 18．考查形容词。句意：现在就知道自动驾驶汽车能在多大程度上减少危及生命的车祸还为时过早。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是life-threatening意为“威胁着生命的”符合语境。故选F项。 19．考查名词。句意：各级政府应尽快消除阻碍无人驾驶汽车更快普及的监管障碍，同时确保这些公司在安全和问责方面达到最高标准。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是barrier意为“障碍”符合语境，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故选C项。 20．考查名词。句意：今年1月初，自动驾驶汽车行业协会（Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association）发布了一份旨在加速过渡的拟议政策框架。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是transition意为“过渡”符合语境。故选G项。 题型03 六选四 Humanity and Technology: A Delicate Balance The relationship between humans and technology has always been complex. It is a dance of progress and caution, each step requiring thoughtful evaluation. From the invention of the wheel to artificial intelligence, technological advancements have undeniably improved our lives. Today, smartphones connect billions globally, medical breakthroughs extend lifespans, and renewable energy technologies combat climate change. However, this dependence carries risks. 21 . Studies show that excessive screen time reduces face-to-face communication skills, while automation threatens traditional jobs. A 2023 UNESCO report warned that over 40% of youth feel "digitally addicted," struggling to focus on offline activities. 22 . For instance, social media algorithms designed to maximize engagement often spread misinformation, deepening societal divisions. Additionally, facial recognition systems, though efficient, raise ethical concerns about privacy. As philosopher Langdon Winner observed, "Technologies are not merely tools; they reshape human behavior." To navigate this challenge, education systems must evolve. Schools should teach digital literacy alongside emotional intelligence, helping students critically evaluate online content while nurturing empathy. 23 . Japan’s “digital detox” school programs and Germany’s data ethics courses offer promising models. Ultimately, technology mirrors its creators. 24 By fostering responsibility and wisdom, humanity can ensure technology remains a servant, not a master. A．The key lies in striking a balance between innovation and human values. B．For example, electric cars reduce air pollution in urban areas significantly. C．Historians argue that ancient civilizations collapsed due to resource overuse. D．Moreover, technology’s unintended consequences demand urgent attention. E．Without proper regulation, those tools may gradually erode our autonomy. F．If we prioritize ethics over convenience, technology can multiply our humanity rather than reduce it. 【答案】21．E 22．D 23．A 24．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人类与科技的关系，强调需在创新与人文价值间找平衡。 21．根据上文“However, this dependence carries risks. (然而，这种依赖带来了风险。)”以及下文“Studies show that excessive screen time reduces face-to-face communication skills, while automation threatens traditional jobs. A 2023 UNESCO report warned that over 40% of youth feel "digitally addicted," struggling to focus on offline activities. (研究表明，过度使用屏幕会降低面对面交流技能，而自动化则威胁着传统工作。2023年联合国教科文组织的一份报告警告称，超过40%的年轻人感到“数字成瘾”，难以专注于线下活动。)”可知，此空应具体说明依赖科技的风险。E选项“Without proper regulation, those tools may gradually erode our autonomy. (如果没有适当的监管，这些工具可能会逐渐侵蚀我们的自主权。)”中的“those tools”指代上文的“technology”，“erode our autonomy”对应下文过度使用屏幕和自动化带来的具体危害，符合语境。故选E项。 22．根据下文“For instance, social media algorithms designed to maximize engagement often spread misinformation, deepening societal divisions. Additionally, facial recognition systems, though efficient, raise ethical concerns about privacy. (例如，旨在最大化参与度的社交媒体算法经常传播错误信息，加深社会分裂。此外，面部识别系统虽然高效，但也引发了关于隐私的伦理担忧。)”可知，此空应引出科技带来的意外后果。D选项“Moreover, technology’s unintended consequences demand urgent attention. (此外，技术的意外后果需要紧急关注。)”中的“unintended consequences”概括了下文社交媒体算法和面部识别系统带来的问题，“demand urgent attention”引出下文的具体例子，符合语境。故选D项。 23．根据上文“To navigate this challenge, education systems must evolve. Schools should teach digital literacy alongside emotional intelligence, helping students critically evaluate online content while nurturing empathy. (为了应对这一挑战，教育系统必须发展。学校应该在教授数字素养的同时教授情商，帮助学生批判性地评估在线内容，同时培养同理心。)”以及下文“Japan’s ‘digital detox’ school programs and Germany’s data ethics courses offer promising models. (日本的“数字脱瘾”学校项目和德国的数据伦理课程提供了有希望的模式。)”可知，此空应总结教育系统应在科技与人文间取得平衡。A选项“The key lies in striking a balance between innovation and human values. (关键在于在创新和人类价值观之间取得平衡。)”中的“striking a balance”呼应上文教育系统的发展方向，“innovation and human values”对应数字素养和情商的培养，符合语境。故选A项。 24．根据上文“Ultimately, technology mirrors its creators. (最终，技术反映了它的创造者。)”以及下文“By fostering responsibility and wisdom, humanity can ensure technology remains a servant, not a master. (通过培养责任感和智慧，人类可以确保技术仍然是仆人，而不是主人。)”可知，此空应强调人类在科技发展中的责任。F选项“If we prioritize ethics over convenience, technology can multiply our humanity rather than reduce it. (如果我们把伦理放在便利之上，技术可以增加我们的人性，而不是减少它。)”中的“prioritize ethics over convenience”体现了人类的责任，“multiply our humanity”与下文“ensure technology remains a servant”相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $