热点02 环保意识与生态保护（热点专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题材热点02 环保意识与生态保护 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 嘈杂喧嚣的现代城市生活正在掩盖甚至完全阻隔大自然的声音，比如鸟儿的啁啾声和雨落的淅沥声。都市生活中的噪音污染不仅给人们带来了负面影响，还会在一定程度上影响小动物们的行为和生命周期。在高楼林立、车水马龙的都市中，我们如何重新找回声音的平衡？城市规划师和景观设计师为我们带来了一些创新的解决方案。 【原文欣赏】 Can we create the perfect city soundscape ? 1 Picture your dream living room. You’re sitting on the sofa with the window open. What do you hear? Is it the sound of a flowing river? The murmuring of human chatter as friends enjoy a hot drink at the neighbouring cafe? A soundscape is your aural environment—everything you can hear around you, and researchers say the soundscape where you live can influence your wellbeing. 2 In times gone by, soundscapes would’ve consisted of the sounds of nature, such as birdcall and the sound of crashing waves. The reality of human life in the 21st Century means that air travel, construction and traffic noises are now in the mix, and agricultural noise means that not even rural life is safe. Noise pollution can lead to heightened stress levels, impaired cognitive function and higher risk of cardiovascular disease in humans, according to an article published by the UK Parliament called ‘The effects of artificial light and noise on human health’. Not only that, it can affect the behaviour and life cycles of species which rely on sound. 3 So, what can be done? Urban design is one trick. In Barcelona in Spain, urban planners designed ‘superblocks’, where traffic goes around big groups of buildings and the inner streets are pedestrianised, creating space for people and wildlife that is free from beepinghorns and humming motors. In a 2025 article published in BMC Public Health, people in these areas reported an improvement in wellbeing, quality of sleep and reduction in noise. 4 Other techniques include tree buffers, where trees are planted in urban areas to absorb sound energy. In the Netherlands, they have created earth banks next to Schiphol airport to absorb noise from the runways and protect residents in the surrounding areas. England has a vast network of hedgerows—they’d stretch around the Earth almost ten times if lined up! And it turns out they make excellent sound barriers, particularly if the hedges are large, dense and evergreen. 5 When we think about improving our environment, it’s likely your mind jumps to reducing litter and air pollution. But reducing noise pollution is also important, to create a soundscape that works for everyone—people and wildlife. 【译文赏析】 想象你理想中的客厅：你坐在沙发上，窗户敞开，耳边会传来什么声音？是潺潺的河水声？还是隔壁咖啡馆里朋友们享用热饮时的轻声交谈？“声景” 指的是你所处的听觉环境 —— 即周围所有可被感知的声音。研究人员表示，居住环境的声景会对人的身心健康产生影响。 在过去，自然声景主要由鸟鸣、海浪拍打等自然声音构成。但 21 世纪人类生活的现实是：航空飞行、建筑施工、交通运行产生的噪音已融入日常声景；即便在乡村地区，农业活动产生的噪音也让 “宁静” 不复存在。英国议会发布的一篇题为《人工光与噪声对人类健康的影响》的文章指出，噪声污染会导致人类压力水平升高、认知功能受损，并增加患心血管疾病的风险。不仅如此，噪声还会影响依赖声音进行交流、繁衍的物种，干扰它们的行为模式与生命周期。 那么，我们该如何改善声景环境？城市设计是有效的解决方案之一。在西班牙巴塞罗那，城市规划者设计了 “超级街区” 模式：车辆在大片建筑群外围通行，街区内部道路改为步行街，为人类活动与野生动物栖息创造了一个远离喇叭声和发动机轰鸣声的空间。2025 年发表在《BMC 公共卫生》期刊上的一篇研究显示，生活在这些区域的居民反馈，其身心健康状况、睡眠质量均有改善，噪声干扰也显著减少。 其他降噪手段还包括 “树木缓冲带”—— 在城市区域种植树木，利用植被吸收声波能量。在荷兰，史基浦机场周边修建了土堤，以吸收跑道起降产生的噪音，保护周边居民生活环境。英国拥有庞大的绿篱网络，若将这些绿篱首尾相连，长度几乎可绕地球十圈！事实证明，绿篱是出色的隔音屏障，尤其是茂密、常绿的大型绿篱，隔音效果更为显著。 当我们思考改善环境时，脑海中往往会先想到减少垃圾和空气污染。但降低噪声污染同样重要 —— 唯有如此，才能构建一个对人类与野生动物都友好的声景环境。 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 ________ Paragraph 2 ________ Paragraph 3 ________ Paragraph 4 ________ Paragraph 5 ________ a. Why noise pollution reduction is important b. Reducing noise pollution using urban design c. The benefits of human-made noise in cities d. Why noise pollution reduction is often not the first thing that comes to mind e. Reducing noise pollution using landscape interventions f. Imagine your perfect soundscape 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 evergreen noise pollution tree buffers pedestrianised cardiovascular disease beeping soundscape If you find it hard to relax around angry drivers 1) _______ their horns, you’re not alone. Research has linked 2) _______ to higher stress levels and an increased risk of 3) _______. But don’t worry, experts are coming up with solutions. Making streets 4) _______ reduces traffic noises and encourages more wildlife. Landscape interventions such as 5) _______ can also make our environment less noisy. All this can make our aural environment much more peaceful. 【课标词汇积累】 murmuring 低沉连续的声音 chatter 闲聊，闲话 soundscape 声音景观 aural 听觉的 cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病 pedestrianise 使成为步行区 beeping 嘟嘟作响的 humming 发嗡嗡声的 tree buffer 树木缓冲 earth bank 土堤，土坝 hedgerow 树篱 dense 茂密的 evergreen 常青的 1. As we sat by the open window of the café, we were lulled by the soft murmuring of a nearby stream and distant human conversation. 我们坐在咖啡馆敞开的窗边，被附近小溪柔和的潺潺声与远处人们的低语声所抚慰。 2. The cheerful chatter of friends enjoying hot drinks filled the small café, blending gently with the street’s soft background noise.朋友们享用热饮时的欢快闲聊声充满了这家小咖啡馆，与街上柔和的背景音巧妙融合。 3.Researchers emphasize that aural health is just as important as visual health, as a pleasant soundscape directly boosts people’s wellbeing. 研究人员强调，听觉健康与视觉健康同等重要，舒适的声景能直接提升人们的身心健康水平。 4. The pedestrianised inner streets of Barcelona’s superblocks are free from the humming motors and beeping horns of traffic. 巴塞罗那 “超级街区” 的步行内街，没有交通车辆发出的嗡嗡发动机声和鸣笛声。 5. Large, dense evergreen hedges are ideal sound barriers because their thick foliage can effectively absorb sound energy.高大茂密的常绿绿篱是理想的隔音屏障，因为它们浓密的枝叶能有效吸收声波能量。 【话题词汇/语块拓展】 Cognitive function 认知功能 Urban Ecological Design 城市生态设计 Soundscape Management 声景管理 Green Infrastructure 绿色基础设施 Sustainable Coexistence 可持续共存 Environmental Wellbeing 环境健康 Ecological Conservation Measures 生态保护措施 Cross-Contamination Prevention 交叉污染防控 （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Throughout the world, only 15% of the material that are used to make clothing is properly recycled, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, an organization in Liverpool, UK, that boosts the circular economy. Most clothing waste — an 1 (estimate) 82 million tonnes from the fashion industry alone produced every year ends up buried or burnt. 2 (handle) all that waste, methods to recover and reuse the material are intended as an active response to the future risks by researchers and start-up companies. Much of their focus is on chemical recycling, 3 the material is broken down into its building blocks and applied to create new materials, including fibres that 4 (weave) into new clothes. The challenges lie in 5 (develop) the processes for such treatment. They have to be practical, but they also have to be at least as cost-effective as simply making new fibres. 6 the natural cellulose fibres from cotton, some other materials include human-made cellulosic fibres. They are derived from wood-pulp cellulose and may be used to produce materials such as viscose (rayon) and a similar material called lyocell. A change in the manufacturing process is being applied to the textile-waste problem by Essen, a start-up in Seattle, Washington. 7 the company has fundamentally devoted to the process is that it uses discarded textiles, instead of wood, as the source of its cellulose. It has also adjusted the process to produce a fibre that the firm’s co-founder and president Christo Stan says is superior to 8 other cellulosics and cotton, and that can be recycled more times. Although there are abundant technical challenges, the main barrier 9 widespread textile recycling could be economic, says materials engineer Lijiang Jiang at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. “Most of the materials are not that invaluable,” Jiang says. So cheap it is to produce polyester, cotton and other fabrics 10 there’s little profit margin unless the recycling processes themselves are very inexpensive. 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address             B．alternatives            C． consumption             D．estimated E. lessen               F. initiative              G. one-time                H. overstated I. refillable             J. significant             K. transition Go plastic-free for July Every July, people around the world engage in a transformative challenge: committing to an entire month without relying on single-use plastics. Such items as drink bottles, plastic bags, and certain types of wet wipes are designed for 11 use and then thrown away. Sadly, a (n) 12 portion of this single-use plastic ends up in landfill sites, where it slowly degrades over hundreds of years. Worse yet, much of it finds its way into our rivers and oceans, contributing to vast water pollution. The impact of single-use plastics on our environment cannot be 13 . Some plastics take up to 500 years to fully break down, persisting in our ecosystems long after their brief use. Choosing to go plastic-free, even partially, can make a visible difference. By reducing our reliance on these harmful materials, we 14 the burden on our planet and help safeguard natural habitats for future generations. Practical steps to reduce plastic waste are accessible to everyone. Simple habits like bringing a reusable bag while shopping and taking a (n) 15 water bottle instead of single-use ones can cut down on plastic consumption. Choosing eco-friendly 16 , such as wooden toothbrushes and plastic-free decorations for events like birthday parties, further supports a sustainable lifestyle. Plastic Free July encourages people to change, inspiring individuals and families to rethink their 17 habits and choose more eco-friendly options. It promotes awareness about the issue of plastic pollution and encourages collective action to 18 it. By visiting plasticfreejuly.org, participants gain access to a wealth of resources and tips to help them 19 to a plastic-free lifestyle year-round, promoting a global movement towards a cleaner, healthier planet. Joining this 20 is not just about a month-long challenge; it’s about cultivating lasting habits that prioritize care for the environment and promote sustainable living. Together, we can reduce our plastic footprint and contribute to a brighter, greener future for all. 题型03完形填空 For decades, the global conversation on climate change has been framed by the critical threshold (阈值) for global temperature rise. Environmentalists have urged governments to prevent the Earth’s temperature from 21 by more than 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. Now, some experts propose a 22 approach: setting limits for sea-level rise instead. Sea levels along the U.S. coast have already risen about one foot and may increase up to six more by 2100 if greenhouse gas emissions are not 23 reduced. Talking about the 24 caused by rising seas makes sense because it directly affects people’s lives and property, says Rafe Pomerance, a former climate expert. This is especially true in Florida, which is highly 25 to flooding. Rising seas harm not only coastal homes but also inland areas. Infrastructure like roads, water systems, and agricultural fields can be damaged. 26 , higher sea levels can worsen storm surges during hurricanes, leading to greater destruction. If worst-case 27 come true, parts of Seattle and other regions could be permanently underwater. In the Florida Keys, nearly half the roads may become regularly 28 within 25 years. These changes could 29 a 5 to 18 fold increase in the number of Americans moving away from affected areas. 30 these impacts is important for encouraging the quicker adoption of climate solutions like renewable energy, Pomerance says. Focusing on global temperature hasn’t sufficiently 31 people to take action. However, not everyone agrees that rising oceans 32 an ideal climate communications message. Unpublished recent research confirms this challenge. Showing people maps of local sea-level rise predictions for the year 2100 produced 33 results. Concern was actually reduced in households most likely to be flooded, but it rose — along with support for costly climate reduction policies — when people were told traffic and commute times would 34 from roads damaged by rising waters. Still, focusing on flooding 35 just temperature is valuable, says Pomerance. Many people still underestimate how severely rising seas will impact their communities. 21．A．rising B．measuring C．dropping D．maintaining 22．A．simpler B．contrary C．realistic D．different 23．A．significantly B．gradually C．naturally D．clearly 24．A．beauty B．damage C．mystery D．improvement 25．A．attractive B．adaptable C．subject D．productive 26．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise 27．A．dreams B．promises C．predictions D．agreements 28．A．impassable B．repaired C．expanded D．paved 29．A．prevent B．describe C．ignore D．fuel 30．A．Ignoring B．Communicating C．Doubting D．Rejecting 31．A．prevented B．motivated C．reversed D．restricted 32．A．makes for B．depends on C．looks for D．results from 33．A．clear B．mixed C．encouraging D．predictable 34．A．shorten B．stabilize C．increase D．vary 35．A．regardless of B．in spite of C．due to D．instead of 题型04六选四 Microplastics in the Wilderness Soft trail shoes (越野鞋) and hiking clothing “appear to be significant contributors to microplastics finding their way into these remote, otherwise extremely clean waters”, said Tim Keyes, a Sacred Heart University data scientist. Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic that are either intentionally added to consumer products or formed when larger plastics break down. The particles (微粒) may contain any of about 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which many present serious health risks. 36 In 2023, Keyes took samples from Lake Tear of the Clouds, about 1,300 meters high. It sees heavy hiker traffic because it is close to a trail. 37 Because the area only had hiker traffic, it was assumed that microplastic pollution was being brought to the area largely by environmental water, especially as rain or snow. 38 The researchers returned two years later in early 2025 to sample Lake Tear again and also another lake, Moss Pond, at a similar height but far from human activity. The lab found about 0.73 pieces per mL in Moss Pond and about 16.54 pieces in Lake Tear—a big difference suggesting that hiker traffic plays a major role. Trail shoes with soft soles (鞋底) can drop small plastic pieces just as car tires do, Keyes said. The authors say the findings are meant to generate awareness and underscore why industry should produce clothing and shoes that will shed fewer microplastics. 39 A．It’s a reasonable explanation that’s supported by the data. B．He sent the samples to an independent laboratory that found 9.45 particles per mL. C．To minimize their environmental impact,hikers are encouraged to avoid water-rich areas along the trail. D．Now they suspect they were wrong. E．Hikers should also consider wearing less-polluting shoes or clothing made with natural fibers F．They have been found throughout the human body and can cross the brain barriers. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题材热点02 环保意识与生态保护 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 嘈杂喧嚣的现代城市生活正在掩盖甚至完全阻隔大自然的声音，比如鸟儿的啁啾声和雨落的淅沥声。都市生活中的噪音污染不仅给人们带来了负面影响，还会在一定程度上影响小动物们的行为和生命周期。在高楼林立、车水马龙的都市中，我们如何重新找回声音的平衡？城市规划师和景观设计师为我们带来了一些创新的解决方案。 【原文欣赏】 Can we create the perfect city soundscape ? 1 Picture your dream living room. You’re sitting on the sofa with the window open. What do you hear? Is it the sound of a flowing river? The murmuring of human chatter as friends enjoy a hot drink at the neighbouring cafe? A soundscape is your aural environment—everything you can hear around you, and researchers say the soundscape where you live can influence your wellbeing. 2 In times gone by, soundscapes would’ve consisted of the sounds of nature, such as birdcall and the sound of crashing waves. The reality of human life in the 21st Century means that air travel, construction and traffic noises are now in the mix, and agricultural noise means that not even rural life is safe. Noise pollution can lead to heightened stress levels, impaired cognitive function and higher risk of cardiovascular disease in humans, according to an article published by the UK Parliament called ‘The effects of artificial light and noise on human health’. Not only that, it can affect the behaviour and life cycles of species which rely on sound. 3 So, what can be done? Urban design is one trick. In Barcelona in Spain, urban planners designed ‘superblocks’, where traffic goes around big groups of buildings and the inner streets are pedestrianised, creating space for people and wildlife that is free from beepinghorns and humming motors. In a 2025 article published in BMC Public Health, people in these areas reported an improvement in wellbeing, quality of sleep and reduction in noise. 4 Other techniques include tree buffers, where trees are planted in urban areas to absorb sound energy. In the Netherlands, they have created earth banks next to Schiphol airport to absorb noise from the runways and protect residents in the surrounding areas. England has a vast network of hedgerows—they’d stretch around the Earth almost ten times if lined up! And it turns out they make excellent sound barriers, particularly if the hedges are large, dense and evergreen. 5 When we think about improving our environment, it’s likely your mind jumps to reducing litter and air pollution. But reducing noise pollution is also important, to create a soundscape that works for everyone—people and wildlife. 【译文赏析】 想象你理想中的客厅：你坐在沙发上，窗户敞开，耳边会传来什么声音？是潺潺的河水声？还是隔壁咖啡馆里朋友们享用热饮时的轻声交谈？“声景” 指的是你所处的听觉环境 —— 即周围所有可被感知的声音。研究人员表示，居住环境的声景会对人的身心健康产生影响。 在过去，自然声景主要由鸟鸣、海浪拍打等自然声音构成。但 21 世纪人类生活的现实是：航空飞行、建筑施工、交通运行产生的噪音已融入日常声景；即便在乡村地区，农业活动产生的噪音也让 “宁静” 不复存在。英国议会发布的一篇题为《人工光与噪声对人类健康的影响》的文章指出，噪声污染会导致人类压力水平升高、认知功能受损，并增加患心血管疾病的风险。不仅如此，噪声还会影响依赖声音进行交流、繁衍的物种，干扰它们的行为模式与生命周期。 那么，我们该如何改善声景环境？城市设计是有效的解决方案之一。在西班牙巴塞罗那，城市规划者设计了 “超级街区” 模式：车辆在大片建筑群外围通行，街区内部道路改为步行街，为人类活动与野生动物栖息创造了一个远离喇叭声和发动机轰鸣声的空间。2025 年发表在《BMC 公共卫生》期刊上的一篇研究显示，生活在这些区域的居民反馈，其身心健康状况、睡眠质量均有改善，噪声干扰也显著减少。 其他降噪手段还包括 “树木缓冲带”—— 在城市区域种植树木，利用植被吸收声波能量。在荷兰，史基浦机场周边修建了土堤，以吸收跑道起降产生的噪音，保护周边居民生活环境。英国拥有庞大的绿篱网络，若将这些绿篱首尾相连，长度几乎可绕地球十圈！事实证明，绿篱是出色的隔音屏障，尤其是茂密、常绿的大型绿篱，隔音效果更为显著。 当我们思考改善环境时，脑海中往往会先想到减少垃圾和空气污染。但降低噪声污染同样重要 —— 唯有如此，才能构建一个对人类与野生动物都友好的声景环境。 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 ________ Paragraph 2 ________ Paragraph 3 ________ Paragraph 4 ________ Paragraph 5 ________ a. Why noise pollution reduction is important b. Reducing noise pollution using urban design c. The benefits of human-made noise in cities d. Why noise pollution reduction is often not the first thing that comes to mind e. Reducing noise pollution using landscape interventions f. Imagine your perfect soundscape 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 evergreen noise pollution tree buffers pedestrianised cardiovascular disease beeping soundscape If you find it hard to relax around angry drivers 1) _______ their horns, you’re not alone. Research has linked 2) _______ to higher stress levels and an increased risk of 3) _______. But don’t worry, experts are coming up with solutions. Making streets 4) _______ reduces traffic noises and encourages more wildlife. Landscape interventions such as 5) _______ can also make our environment less noisy. All this can make our aural environment much more peaceful. 答案 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 f) Imagine your perfect soundscape Paragraph 2 a) Why noise pollution reduction is important Paragraph 3 b) Reducing noise pollution using urban design Paragraph 4 e) Reducing noise pollution using landscape interventions Paragraph 5 d) Why noise pollution reduction is often not the first thing that comes to mind 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 If you find it hard to relax around angry drivers beeping their horns, you’re not alone. Research has linked noise pollution to higher stress levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. But don’t worry, experts are coming up with solutions. Making streets pedestrianised reduces traffic noises and encourages more wildlife. Landscape interventions such as tree buffers can also make our environment less noisy. All this can make our aural environment much more peaceful. 【课标词汇积累】 murmuring 低沉连续的声音 chatter 闲聊，闲话 soundscape 声音景观 aural 听觉的 cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病 pedestrianise 使成为步行区 beeping 嘟嘟作响的 humming 发嗡嗡声的 tree buffer 树木缓冲 earth bank 土堤，土坝 hedgerow 树篱 dense 茂密的 evergreen 常青的 1. As we sat by the open window of the café, we were lulled by the soft murmuring of a nearby stream and distant human conversation. 我们坐在咖啡馆敞开的窗边，被附近小溪柔和的潺潺声与远处人们的低语声所抚慰。 2. The cheerful chatter of friends enjoying hot drinks filled the small café, blending gently with the street’s soft background noise.朋友们享用热饮时的欢快闲聊声充满了这家小咖啡馆，与街上柔和的背景音巧妙融合。 3.Researchers emphasize that aural health is just as important as visual health, as a pleasant soundscape directly boosts people’s wellbeing. 研究人员强调，听觉健康与视觉健康同等重要，舒适的声景能直接提升人们的身心健康水平。 4. The pedestrianised inner streets of Barcelona’s superblocks are free from the humming motors and beeping horns of traffic. 巴塞罗那 “超级街区” 的步行内街，没有交通车辆发出的嗡嗡发动机声和鸣笛声。 5. Large, dense evergreen hedges are ideal sound barriers because their thick foliage can effectively absorb sound energy.高大茂密的常绿绿篱是理想的隔音屏障，因为它们浓密的枝叶能有效吸收声波能量。 【话题词汇/语块拓展】 Cognitive function 认知功能 Urban Ecological Design 城市生态设计 Soundscape Management 声景管理 Green Infrastructure 绿色基础设施 Sustainable Coexistence 可持续共存 Environmental Wellbeing 环境健康 Ecological Conservation Measures 生态保护措施 Cross-Contamination Prevention 交叉污染防控 （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Throughout the world, only 15% of the material that are used to make clothing is properly recycled, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, an organization in Liverpool, UK, that boosts the circular economy. Most clothing waste — an 1 (estimate) 82 million tonnes from the fashion industry alone produced every year ends up buried or burnt. 2 (handle) all that waste, methods to recover and reuse the material are intended as an active response to the future risks by researchers and start-up companies. Much of their focus is on chemical recycling, 3 the material is broken down into its building blocks and applied to create new materials, including fibres that 4 (weave) into new clothes. The challenges lie in 5 (develop) the processes for such treatment. They have to be practical, but they also have to be at least as cost-effective as simply making new fibres. 6 the natural cellulose fibres from cotton, some other materials include human-made cellulosic fibres. They are derived from wood-pulp cellulose and may be used to produce materials such as viscose (rayon) and a similar material called lyocell. A change in the manufacturing process is being applied to the textile-waste problem by Essen, a start-up in Seattle, Washington. 7 the company has fundamentally devoted to the process is that it uses discarded textiles, instead of wood, as the source of its cellulose. It has also adjusted the process to produce a fibre that the firm’s co-founder and president Christo Stan says is superior to 8 other cellulosics and cotton, and that can be recycled more times. Although there are abundant technical challenges, the main barrier 9 widespread textile recycling could be economic, says materials engineer Lijiang Jiang at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. “Most of the materials are not that invaluable,” Jiang says. So cheap it is to produce polyester, cotton and other fabrics 10 there’s little profit margin unless the recycling processes themselves are very inexpensive. 【答案】 1．estimated 2．To handle 3．where 4．are woven 5．developing 6．Besides 7．What 8．both 9．to 10．that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了服装原料的浪费已经成为一个严重的问题，华盛顿西雅图的艾森公司通过对于纺织生产过程的改变来解决纺织品废料的问题。 1．考查形容词。句意：大多数衣服浪费——估计有8,200万吨时尚行业每年生产的产品最终被填埋或烧毁。空格处应填形容词修饰名词tonnes，作定语。故填estimated。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了处理所有的废物，回收和再利用材料的方法旨在作为研究人员和初创公司对未来风险的积极回应。分析句子结构，are intended为谓语动词，空格处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，需填动词不定式形式。故填To handle。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他们主要关注化学物质的回收，在回收中材料被分解成它的基础材料并应用于创造新的材料，包括被织进新衣服里的纤维。此处为定语从句修饰先行词chemical recycling，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 4．考查被动语态。句意：他们主要关注化学物质的回收，在回收中材料被分解成它的基础材料并应用于创造新的材料，包括被织进新衣服里的纤维。that指代先行词fibers在从句中作主语，空格处在从句中作谓语，主语fibres和weave之间是被动关系，此句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are woven。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：挑战在于对这种加工过程的开发。空格处需要填非谓语作介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填developing。 6．考查介词。句意：除了来自棉花的天然纤维素纤维外，一些纺织品还包括人造纤维素纤维。根据“the natural cellulose fibres from cotton, some other materials include human-made cellulosic fibres.”及常识可知，除了来自棉花的天然纤维素纤维外，一些纺织品还包括人造纤维素纤维，所以此处使用介词besides表示“除……之外（还）”符合句意，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Besides。 7．考查主语从句。句意：公司从根本上致力于的工艺是使废弃的纺织品而不是木材作为纤维素的来源。空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作动词devoted的宾语，指代事物，所以使用连接代词what，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 8．考查代词。句意：该公司还调整了生产纤维的过程，可以生产出优于其他纤维素和棉花的纤维，而且这种纤维可以更多地被回收利用。根据“other cellulosics and cotton”可知，此处为“both...and...”表示“两者都”。故填both。 9．考查介词。句意：尽管有大量的技术挑战，对于广泛传播纤维回收的主要障碍就是经济，剑桥市麻省理工学院的材料工程师蒋丽江（音译）如是说。barrier to是固定搭配，意为“……的障碍”。故填to。 10．考查结果状语从句。句意：生产涤纶、棉花和其他材料是如此的便宜，并且除非回收过程本身非常便宜否则利润空间很小。根据句意，此处为固定句型“so...that…”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address             B．alternatives            C． consumption             D．estimated E. lessen               F. initiative              G. one-time                H. overstated I. refillable             J. significant             K. transition Go plastic-free for July Every July, people around the world engage in a transformative challenge: committing to an entire month without relying on single-use plastics. Such items as drink bottles, plastic bags, and certain types of wet wipes are designed for 11 use and then thrown away. Sadly, a (n) 12 portion of this single-use plastic ends up in landfill sites, where it slowly degrades over hundreds of years. Worse yet, much of it finds its way into our rivers and oceans, contributing to vast water pollution. The impact of single-use plastics on our environment cannot be 13 . Some plastics take up to 500 years to fully break down, persisting in our ecosystems long after their brief use. Choosing to go plastic-free, even partially, can make a visible difference. By reducing our reliance on these harmful materials, we 14 the burden on our planet and help safeguard natural habitats for future generations. Practical steps to reduce plastic waste are accessible to everyone. Simple habits like bringing a reusable bag while shopping and taking a (n) 15 water bottle instead of single-use ones can cut down on plastic consumption. Choosing eco-friendly 16 , such as wooden toothbrushes and plastic-free decorations for events like birthday parties, further supports a sustainable lifestyle. Plastic Free July encourages people to change, inspiring individuals and families to rethink their 17 habits and choose more eco-friendly options. It promotes awareness about the issue of plastic pollution and encourages collective action to 18 it. By visiting plasticfreejuly.org, participants gain access to a wealth of resources and tips to help them 19 to a plastic-free lifestyle year-round, promoting a global movement towards a cleaner, healthier planet. Joining this 20 is not just about a month-long challenge; it’s about cultivating lasting habits that prioritize care for the environment and promote sustainable living. Together, we can reduce our plastic footprint and contribute to a brighter, greener future for all. 【答案】 11．G 12．J 13．H 14．E 15．I 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．K 20．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：每年七月，世界各地的人们都会参与一项变革性的挑战——承诺一整个月不依赖一次性塑料制品，并介绍了一次性塑料的危害以及减少塑料使用的实际措施等内容。 11．考查形容词。句意：像饮料瓶、塑料袋和某些类型的湿纸巾这类物品是为一次性使用而设计的，用完就扔掉。空格处修饰名词use，应用形容词作定语，one-time“一次性的”为形容词，符合“then thrown away”所体现的一次性使用的语境。故选G项。 12．考查形容词。句意：遗憾的是，很大一部分一次性塑料最终被送到了垃圾填埋场，在那里它需要数百年的时间慢慢降解。空格处修饰名词portion，应用形容词作定语，significant“相当大的；重要的”为形容词，能体现一次性塑料在垃圾填埋场的数量之多，符合语境。故选J项。 13．考查动词。句意：一次性塑料对环境的影响怎么强调都不为过。根据后文“Some plastics take up to 500 years to fully break down, persisting in our ecosystems long after their brief use. (有些塑料需要长达500年才能完全分解，在短暂使用后很久仍残留在我们的生态系统中)”可知，一次性塑料的危害很大，其影响不容忽视，overstated“夸大”为动词，“cannot be overstated”表示“怎么强调都不为过”，符合语境。故选H项。 14．考查动词。句意：通过减少对这些有害材料的依赖，我们可以减轻地球的负担，并帮助为子孙后代保护自然栖息地。空格处为谓语动词，lessen“减轻；减少”为动词，“lessen the burden”表示“减轻负担”，符合减少使用有害材料对地球的积极影响这一语境。故选E项。 15．考查形容词。句意：像购物时带可重复使用的袋子，带可重复充装的水瓶而不是一次性水瓶这样的简单习惯，可以减少塑料消耗。空格处修饰名词water bottle，应用形容词作定语，refillable“可再充装的”为形容词，与“instead of single-use ones”相对应，符合语境。故选I项。 16．考查名词。句意：选择环保的替代品，比如木制牙刷和生日派对等活动中无塑料的装饰品，进一步支持可持续的生活方式。根据后文“such as wooden toothbrushes and plastic-free decorations (比如木制牙刷和无塑料装饰品)”可知，这些是环保的替代物品，alternatives“替代品”为名词，符合语境。故选B项。 17．考查名词。句意：“无塑料七月”鼓励人们做出改变，激励个人和家庭重新思考他们的消费习惯，选择更环保的选项。空格处修饰名词habits，应用名词作定语，consumption“消费”为名词，“consumption habits”表示“消费习惯”，符合重新思考在消费方面的习惯以减少塑料使用的语境。故选C项。 18．考查动词。句意：它提高了人们对塑料污染问题的认识，并鼓励采取集体行动来解决这个问题。空格处为不定式后的动词，address“解决；处理”为动词，“address it”指代解决塑料污染问题，符合语境。故选A项。 19．考查动词。句意：通过访问plasticfreejuly.org，参与者可以获得大量资源和技巧，帮助他们全年向无塑料生活方式过渡，推动全球迈向更清洁、更健康的地球。空格处为不定式后的动词，transition“过渡；转变”为动词，“transition to...”表示“向……过渡”，符合从使用塑料到无塑料生活方式的转变这一语境。故选K项。 20．考查名词。句意：加入这项倡议不仅仅是一个为期一个月的挑战；它是关于培养持久的习惯，优先考虑关爱环境和促进可持续生活。空格处为宾语，应用名词，initiative“倡议；活动”为名词，指代“Plastic Free July”这一活动，符合语境。故选F项。 题型03完形填空 For decades, the global conversation on climate change has been framed by the critical threshold (阈值) for global temperature rise. Environmentalists have urged governments to prevent the Earth’s temperature from 21 by more than 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. Now, some experts propose a 22 approach: setting limits for sea-level rise instead. Sea levels along the U.S. coast have already risen about one foot and may increase up to six more by 2100 if greenhouse gas emissions are not 23 reduced. Talking about the 24 caused by rising seas makes sense because it directly affects people’s lives and property, says Rafe Pomerance, a former climate expert. This is especially true in Florida, which is highly 25 to flooding. Rising seas harm not only coastal homes but also inland areas. Infrastructure like roads, water systems, and agricultural fields can be damaged. 26 , higher sea levels can worsen storm surges during hurricanes, leading to greater destruction. If worst-case 27 come true, parts of Seattle and other regions could be permanently underwater. In the Florida Keys, nearly half the roads may become regularly 28 within 25 years. These changes could 29 a 5 to 18 fold increase in the number of Americans moving away from affected areas. 30 these impacts is important for encouraging the quicker adoption of climate solutions like renewable energy, Pomerance says. Focusing on global temperature hasn’t sufficiently 31 people to take action. However, not everyone agrees that rising oceans 32 an ideal climate communications message. Unpublished recent research confirms this challenge. Showing people maps of local sea-level rise predictions for the year 2100 produced 33 results. Concern was actually reduced in households most likely to be flooded, but it rose — along with support for costly climate reduction policies — when people were told traffic and commute times would 34 from roads damaged by rising waters. Still, focusing on flooding 35 just temperature is valuable, says Pomerance. Many people still underestimate how severely rising seas will impact their communities. 21．A．rising B．measuring C．dropping D．maintaining 22．A．simpler B．contrary C．realistic D．different 23．A．significantly B．gradually C．naturally D．clearly 24．A．beauty B．damage C．mystery D．improvement 25．A．attractive B．adaptable C．subject D．productive 26．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise 27．A．dreams B．promises C．predictions D．agreements 28．A．impassable B．repaired C．expanded D．paved 29．A．prevent B．describe C．ignore D．fuel 30．A．Ignoring B．Communicating C．Doubting D．Rejecting 31．A．prevented B．motivated C．reversed D．restricted 32．A．makes for B．depends on C．looks for D．results from 33．A．clear B．mixed C．encouraging D．predictable 34．A．shorten B．stabilize C．increase D．vary 35．A．regardless of B．in spite of C．due to D．instead of 【答案】 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了气候变化沟通策略的转变，即从聚焦全球温度升高的阈值，转向聚焦海平面上升及其带来的具体后果。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：环保人士一直敦促各国政府，防止全球气温较工业化前水平上升超过1.5摄氏度。A. rising上升；B. measuring测量；C. dropping下降；D. maintaining维持。根据上文“For decades, the global conversation on climate change has been framed by the critical threshold (阈值) for global temperature rise.”可知，上文明确提到全球气温上升的关键阈值，环保人士的诉求必然是阻止气温上升超过1.5℃。故选A项。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，一些专家提出了一种不同的思路：转而设定海平面上升的上限。A. simpler更简单的；B. contrary相反的；C. realistic现实的；D. different不同的。根据上文“For decades, the global conversation on climate change has been framed by the critical threshold (阈值) for global temperature rise.”可知，数十年来，关于气候变化的全球对话一直围绕着全球气温上升的临界阈值展开，而现在有一些专家提出一个方法：为海平面上升设定限度，因此，新的方法不同于旧的方法。故选D项。 23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：美国沿海地区的海平面已经上升了约1英尺，如果温室气体排放不能得到大幅削减，到2100年可能还会再上升6英尺。A. significantly显著地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. naturally自然地；D. clearly清晰地。根据“Sea levels along the U.S. coast have already risen about one foot and may increase up to six more by 2100 if greenhouse gas emissions are not 3 reduced.”可知，上文提到“美国海岸海平面已上升1英尺，到2100年可能再上升6英尺，这一严峻后果的前提是温室气体排放未被大幅减少，因此只有显著减排才能阻止极端海平面上升。故选A项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前气候专家Rafe Pomerance表示，谈论海平面上升造成的危害是有意义的，因为它直接影响人们的生命财产安全。A. beauty美丽；B. damage损害；C. mystery神秘；D. improvement改善。根据下文“because it directly affects people’s lives and property”可知，海平面上升会造成损害。故选B项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：佛罗里达州的情况尤其如此，该州极易遭受洪水侵袭。A. attractive有吸引力的；B. adaptable适应性强的；C. subject易受……影响的；D. productive多产的。根据前文“Talking about the 4 caused by rising seas makes sense because it directly affects people’s lives and property, says Rafe Pomerance, a former climate expert.”可知，谈论海平面上升造成的损害是有意义的，因为它直接影响人们。此处以佛罗里达为例，旨在说明该地区面临洪灾的高风险和脆弱性。be subject to是固定短语，意为“易受……影响的”。故选C项。 26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，海平面升高还会加剧飓风期间的风暴潮，造成更大规模的破坏。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“Rising seas harm not only coastal homes but also inland areas. Infrastructure like roads, water systems, and agricultural fields can be damaged.”可知，上升的海水不仅危害沿海住宅，也影响内陆地区。本句提及上升的海水还会加剧风暴潮，进一步说明海平面升高带来的后果。故选B项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果最糟糕的预测成为现实，西雅图等地区的部分区域可能会永久被淹没。A. dreams梦想；B. promises承诺；C. predictions预测；D. agreements协议。根据上文“Sea levels along the U.S. coast have already risen about one foot and may increase up to six more by 2100 if greenhouse gas emissions are not 3 reduced.”可知，这是对未来海平面上升的一种预测。本句基于前文的预测讨论海平面上升带来的严重后果。故选C项。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在佛罗里达群岛，未来25年内，近一半的道路可能会频繁变得无法通行。A. impassable无法通行的；B. repaired被修复的；C. expanded被扩建的；D. paved被铺砌的。根据上文“If worst-case 7 come true, parts of Seattle and other regions could be permanently underwater. ”可知，如果最坏的预测成真，城市会被淹没，道路会无法通行。故选A项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些变化可能会推动受影响地区的美国人口迁移数量增加5至18倍。A. prevent阻止；B. describe描述；C. ignore忽略；D. fuel推动，刺激。根据前文“If worst-case 7 come true, parts of Seattle and other regions could be permanently underwater. In the Florida Keys, nearly half the roads may become regularly 8 within 25 years.”可知，城市被淹没与道路无法通行等状况会严重影响民众生活，从而推动人口迁移。故选D项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pomerance指出，传达这些影响对于推动人们更快采用可再生能源等气候解决方案至关重要。A. Ignoring忽略；B. Communicating传达；C. Doubting怀疑；D. Rejecting拒绝。根据下文“encouraging the quicker adoption of climate solutions”和“climate communications message”可知，传递这些影响才能推动行动。故选B项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关注全球气温未能充分激励人们采取行动。A. prevented阻止；B. motivated激励；C. reversed颠倒；D. restricted限制。根据上文“ 10 these impacts is important for encouraging the quicker adoption of climate solutions like renewable energy, Pomerance says.”可知，上文强调传达这些影响对于鼓励更快采纳可再生能源等气候解决方案至关重要。本句与其形成对比，进一步说明旧方法在激励人们方面的效果欠佳。故选B项。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，并非所有人都认同海平面上升是一个理想的气候沟通切入点。A. makes for构成；B. depends on取决于；C.looks for寻找；D. results from由……引起。根据上文“not everyone agrees that”可知，上文说并非所有人都同意，即部分人认为海平面上升并不构成理想的气候沟通信息。故选A项。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：向人们展示2100年当地海平面上升预测地图，得出的结果是复杂矛盾的。A. clear清晰的；B. mixed复杂的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的；D. predictable可预测的。根据下文“Concern was actually reduced in households most likely to be flooded, but it rose — along with support for costly climate reduction policies — when people were told traffic and commute times would 　　14　　 from roads damaged by rising waters.”可知，下文提到最可能被淹的家庭担忧反而减少，但被告知交通会受影响时，担忧上升且支持减排政策，这两种不同结果，说明研究结果是混合的、不一致的。故选B项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最容易遭受洪灾的家庭反而降低了担忧程度；但当人们得知交通通勤时间会因道路被海水上涨而延长时，担忧情绪随之上升——对代价高昂的气候保护政策的支持度也同步增加。A. shorten缩短；B. stabilize使稳定；C. increase增加；D. vary变化不同。根据下文“roads damaged by rising waters”可知，道路损坏会导致交通和通勤时间增加，这是合理的因果关系。故选C项。 35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：不过，Pomerance表示，相比仅关注气温，聚焦洪水问题也具有重要价值。A. regardless of不管；B. spite of虽然；C. due to由于；D. instead of而不是。全文核心对比“聚焦气温”和“聚焦海平面上升”，此处总结“Pomerance认为，聚焦洪水而非气温是有价值的”，与上文“some experts propose a different approach: setting limits for sea-level rise instead”（转而设定海平面上升限制）呼应，“instead of”表示“替代”，符合语境。故选D项。 题型04六选四 Microplastics in the Wilderness Soft trail shoes (越野鞋) and hiking clothing “appear to be significant contributors to microplastics finding their way into these remote, otherwise extremely clean waters”, said Tim Keyes, a Sacred Heart University data scientist. Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic that are either intentionally added to consumer products or formed when larger plastics break down. The particles (微粒) may contain any of about 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which many present serious health risks. 36 In 2023, Keyes took samples from Lake Tear of the Clouds, about 1,300 meters high. It sees heavy hiker traffic because it is close to a trail. 37 Because the area only had hiker traffic, it was assumed that microplastic pollution was being brought to the area largely by environmental water, especially as rain or snow. 38 The researchers returned two years later in early 2025 to sample Lake Tear again and also another lake, Moss Pond, at a similar height but far from human activity. The lab found about 0.73 pieces per mL in Moss Pond and about 16.54 pieces in Lake Tear—a big difference suggesting that hiker traffic plays a major role. Trail shoes with soft soles (鞋底) can drop small plastic pieces just as car tires do, Keyes said. The authors say the findings are meant to generate awareness and underscore why industry should produce clothing and shoes that will shed fewer microplastics. 39 A．It’s a reasonable explanation that’s supported by the data. B．He sent the samples to an independent laboratory that found 9.45 particles per mL. C．To minimize their environmental impact,hikers are encouraged to avoid water-rich areas along the trail. D．Now they suspect they were wrong. E．Hikers should also consider wearing less-polluting shoes or clothing made with natural fibers F．They have been found throughout the human body and can cross the brain barriers. 【答案】36．F 37．A 38．D 39．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了微塑料危害大，凯斯团队研究发现，徒步者的软底越野鞋和服装是偏远水域微塑料污染主因，呼吁企业与徒步者采取对应减排措施。 36．根据前文“The particles (微粒) may contain any of about 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which many present serious health risks.( 这些颗粒可能含有大约16000种塑料化学物质中的任何一种，其中许多具有严重的健康风险。)”提到微塑料可能含 16000 种塑料化学物质，其中许多存在严重健康风险，空格需承接“健康风险”展开。F项“They have been found throughout the human body and can cross the brain barriers.( 它们存在于人体的各个部位，并能穿过脑屏障。)”具体说明健康危害，与前文“serious health risks”形成逻辑衔接，符合“提出风险→解释风险”的行文逻辑。故选F项。 37．根据上文“In 2023, Keyes took samples from Lake Tear of the Clouds, about 1,300 meters high.   It sees heavy hiker traffic because it is close to a trail.( 2023 年，凯斯从海拔约 1300 米的云之泪湖采集了样本。该湖泊因靠近一条徒步路线，徒步客流量很大。)”提到凯斯在云之泪湖采集样本。以及下文“Because the area only had hiker traffic, it was assumed that microplastic pollution was being brought to the area largely by environmental water, especially as rain or snow.( 由于该地区只有徒步旅行的交通，人们认为微塑料污染主要是由环境水，特别是雨水或雪带来的。)”提到该区域只有徒步者活动，推测微塑料污染主要来自环境水。A项“It’s a reasonable explanation that’s supported by the data.( 这是一个有数据支持的合理解释。)”起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 38．根据前文“Because the area only had hiker traffic, it was assumed that microplastic pollution was being brought to the area largely by environmental water, especially as rain or snow.( 由于该地区只有徒步旅行的交通，人们认为微塑料污染主要是由环境水，特别是雨水或雪带来的。)”推测微塑料污染来自环境水，后文“The researchers returned two years later in early 2025 to sample Lake Tear again and also another lake, Moss Pond, at a similar height but far from human activity. The lab found about 0.73 pieces per mL in Moss Pond and about 16.54 pieces in Lake Tear—a big difference suggesting that hiker traffic plays a major role. (两年后的 2025 年初，研究团队再次返回云之泪湖采集样本，同时还对另一个湖泊 —— 莫斯池塘进行了采样。该池塘海拔相近，但远离人类活动。实验室检测结果显示，莫斯池塘每毫升水中约含 0.73 个微塑料颗粒，而云之泪湖每毫升约含 16.54 个 —— 这一巨大差异表明，徒步客流量是主要影响因素。)”提到两年后再次采样，发现远离人类活动的莫斯池塘微塑料含量远低于云之泪湖，说明“徒步者活动是主要原因”，与前文推测矛盾。D项“Now they suspect they were wrong.( 现在他们怀疑之前的推测是错误的。)”起到转折作用，衔接 “旧推测”与“新发现”，符合逻辑转折关系。故选D项。 39．根据前文“The authors say the findings are meant to generate awareness and underscore why industry should produce clothing and shoes that will shed fewer microplastics.( 研究作者表示，这项研究结果旨在提高人们的意识，并强调行业为何应生产微塑料脱落量更少的服装和鞋子。)”提到研究结果旨在提高意识，并强调企业应生产微塑料脱落更少的服装和鞋子，空格需补充“徒步者可采取的措施”，形成“企业责任 + 个人行动”的完整建议。E项“Hikers should also consider wearing less-polluting shoes or clothing made with natural fibers.(徒步者也应考虑穿污染更少的鞋子或天然纤维制成的衣物。)”与前文“industry should produce...”呼应，提出个人层面的解决方案，逻辑连贯；且“also”体现与前文建议的并列关系。故选E项。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $