热点03 教育学习与校园生活（热点专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题材热点03 教育学习与校园生活 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 设立雄心勃勃的目标来提升自己，但最终却因为种种现实阻碍而没能完成计划的感觉很糟糕。不过比起苛责自己，何不尝试为自己建立一套系统化的方法来维持好习惯呢？本文浅谈长期坚持好习惯的方法。 【原文欣赏】 Small steps to build long-lasting habits 1 It’s day one of a healthier, smarter, better you. You’re full of zest and good intentions. You woke up at 5am to run before work, you read a book in your lunchbreak, and you listened to an English podcast on your commute. Now, fast forward three months. Life is getting in the way, and you’ve slipped into old habits… snoozing your alarm and eating chocolate for breakfast. Sound familiar? 2 Don’t be hard on yourself. It’s unrealistic to rely on willpower alone. As James Clear, author of the bestselling book ‘Atomic Habits’, writes, “The problem isn’t you. The problem is your system.” Our habits come from goals, so start by getting really clear. Goals, according to George T Doran, should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. It’s not enough to say, “I’ll exercise more”—that’s too vague! A SMART goal would be “I’m going to walk for 20 minutes in the evenings on weekdays.” Now you have a clear action that you can stick to. 3 Once you’re clear on your goals, you need to make the associated habits as automatic as possible. Try ‘habitstacking’, a technique popularised in the book ‘Atomic Habits’, which involves attaching a new habit onto something you already do regularly. For example, if you already make coffee every morning, use that moment to read your book for 20 minutes. That way, your new reading habit is now intertwined with something you’re going to do anyway. Another key strategy is to reward yourself, to transform the habit from a chore into something pleasurable. If it’s hard to get yourself to the gym, promise yourself that after each visit, you’ll allow yourself a treat—a takeaway meal or an episode of your favourite TV show. 4 Even with our best intentions and a great system, stress and interruptions to your routine like social events can still make keeping habits feel like an uphill battle. If or when you have setbacks, accept it as part of the process. Life is full of spontaneity and uncertainty—one could argue that’s what keeps it interesting! Use setbacks as a pause for reflection and review. What about your system is working? What’s no longer serving you? Then, get back on track. 【译文赏析】 今天是你开启 “更健康、更明智、更优秀” 生活的第一天。你充满热情与决心：清晨 5 点起床，上班前完成跑步；午休时读了一本书；通勤路上还听了一期英语播客。但三个月后，生活的琐事开始干扰计划，你逐渐回归旧习惯 —— 按下闹钟继续赖床，早餐只吃一块巧克力。这种经历是否似曾相识？ 别对自己过于苛刻，仅靠意志力支撑习惯是不现实的。畅销书《原子习惯》（Atomic Habits）的作者詹姆斯・克利尔（James Clear）写道：“问题不在于你本身，而在于你的行为系统。” 习惯源于目标，因此首先要明确目标。根据乔治・T・多兰（George T. Doran）提出的理论，目标应符合 “SMART 原则”：具体（Specific）、可衡量（Measurable）、可实现（Achievable）、相关性（Relevant）、时限性（Time-bound）。只说 “我要多锻炼” 是远远不够的 —— 这个目标太过模糊！一个符合 SMART 原则的目标应该是：“工作日的晚上，我每天步行 20 分钟。” 这样一来，你就有了清晰且易于坚持的行动方向。 明确目标后，下一步是让相关习惯尽可能 “自动化”。可以尝试 “习惯叠加法”—— 这是《原子习惯》中推广的一种技巧，指将新习惯与已有的日常习惯绑定。例如，如果你每天早上都会煮咖啡，那么可以利用煮咖啡的时间读 20 分钟书。通过这种方式，新的阅读习惯便与 “煮咖啡” 这一固有行为紧密关联，更容易坚持。另一个关键策略是 “自我奖励”：将习惯从 “必须完成的任务” 转变为 “能带来愉悦感的事”。如果你难以坚持去健身房，可以承诺自己：每次健身后，奖励自己一顿外卖或一集喜欢的电视剧。 即便我们初衷良好、拥有完善的行动系统，压力或社交活动等突发情况仍可能打乱习惯节奏，让坚持变得困难。若遇到挫折，不妨将其视为习惯养成过程中的正常环节。生活本就充满不确定性与随机性 —— 或许正是这种不确定性让生活更具乐趣！把挫折当作反思的契机：当前的行动系统中，哪些部分有效？哪些部分已不再适用？调整后，重新回到正轨即可。 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 ________ Paragraph 2 ________ Paragraph 3 ________ Paragraph 4 ________ a. Making habits easy b. Hypothetical scenario c. Giving up on your habits d. When things go wrong e. Sharing goals with friends f. Goal setting 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 an uphill battle setbacks back on track vague stick to pleasurable hard on yourself Maintaining good habits can sometimes feel like 1) _______. It can be hard to 2) _______ a good routine. But when life sends you 3) _______, it’s important not to be too 4) _______. Instead, search for the willpower to get 5) _______. 【课标词汇积累】 zest 热忱，强烈的兴趣 commute 上下班往返，通勤 slip into 陷入，逐渐养成（坏习惯） snooze 让闹钟推迟响起 hard on oneself 对自己过于严苛 willpower 意志力，毅力 time-bound 有时间要求的，受时间限制的 vague 不明确的，模糊的 intertwine 互相缠绕，交织 chore 烦人的事，杂事 pleasurable 令人愉悦的 an uphill battle 一场艰苦的战斗 setback 挫折，阻隘 spontaneity 自发性 back on track 回到正轨 1. She started her journey of developing healthy habits with great zest, waking up at 5 a.m. to run and maintaining a positive attitude every day. 她以极大的热忱开启了培养健康习惯的旅程，每天早上 5 点起床跑步，始终保持积极的心态。 2.He makes good use of his one-hour commute to work by listening to English podcasts and reviewing professional knowledge. 他充分利用一小时的通勤时间，听英语播客并复习专业知识。 3."I want to study harder" is a vague goal—you need to specify what subject to focus on and how much time to spend each day. 中文释义：“我想更努力学习” 是一个模糊的目标 —— 你需要明确聚焦哪个科目，以及每天投入多少时间。 4. Many people regard exercising as a chore at first, but it gradually becomes a pleasure when they feel the positive changes in their bodies. 很多人一开始把运动当作一件烦人事，但当感受到身体的积极变化后，它渐渐变成了一种乐趣。 5. Don’t be discouraged by a small setback in habit formation—accept it as part of the process and get back on track quickly. 别因习惯养成过程中的小挫折而气馁，把它当作过程的一部分，尽快重回正轨。 【话题词汇/语块积累】 English Podcast 英语播客 Habit stacking 习惯叠加，让不同习惯互相促进 Learning Routine 学习常规 Setback Reflection 学习挫折复盘 Commute Learning 通勤学习 Intentional Learning 刻意学习法 （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese Words Set to Enter Global English These years, Chinese words have become more common in the English language. One recent study explored 1 well people in English-speaking countries recognize Chinese expressions. Researchers collected data from 50 media websites in countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. After 2 (analyze) about 300 Chinese words, they selected 150 for a survey. The survey was completed by over 1,200 adults with higher education. What made the findings interesting is that many Chinese words are used in pinyin, which is the Romanized form of Chinese. 3 pinyin uses letters, it is easier for English speakers to read and remember. If a Chinese word appears in pinyin, people are more likely to understand its meaning, especially if it is related to culture, food, or travel. For example, words like chunjie (Spring Festival), shaolin (a temple famous for martial arts), and gugong (the Forbidden City) were among the most 4 (recognize). These words often appear in news reports, tourism websites, or even in dictionaries. In fact, some Chinese food names, such as jiaozi (dumplings), are now more commonly used than their English translations. Another surprising finding was that some Chinese terms, 5 once had English versions, are now being replaced by their pinyin forms. The panda, which used to be simply called “giant panda,” is now also known as xiongmao. And the word jiaozi 6 (add) to the Oxford English Dictionary. In addition to cultural words, the study found that many terms are spreading worldwide. Expressions like zhongguomeng (Chinese Dream) and yidaiyilu (Belt and Road Initiative) reflect China’s development goals and are now easier 7 (understand) in other countries. According to the researchers, one reason for this trend is that China plays an increasingly important role in global trade, technology, and communication. If people continue to interact more with China, whether through tourism, business, or education, it is likely that even more Chinese words 8 (enter) English. Since the 1990s, Chinese loanwords have been growing faster than 9 from any other language. Experts say this shows not only stronger cultural exchange, but also the influence 10 China’s innovation and progress in today’s world. 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accumulative   B．discouraging   C． disengage   D．flowing   E. identically    F. partly  G. persisted   H. reserved   I. shift   J. underlying   K. wonder Language affects kids’ interest in science One of the best parts of being a parent has to be watching children discover the world around them. After all, kids are endlessly curious, and part of the fun is seeing the 11 on their faces as they learn about even simple objects and ideas. Yet over time parents may find that their child is becoming less interested in exploring the world around them and less likely to investigate the 12 “why” of things — that is, less curious about science. Why does this 13 happen? There are, of course, a number of different factors at play, but researchers have found: this loss of interest may be 14 the result of subtle language cues children hear. And these cues don’t come just from parents; they can also come from media kids consume or from schoolteachers or curricula. All youngsters can do science, but over time they begin to think of being a scientist as something 15 for only certain kinds of kids. However, there are some steps you can take to keep the curiosity alive and the science 16 . When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today” or “You’re such a good scientist” But this kind of language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than a set of activities and actions that people do, can be demotivating. One possibility is that when thinking of a scientist, children might be calling to mind a (white) man. If they don’t share that identity, they might 17 from an activity designed “for scientists.” This stereotypical belief emerges surprisingly early and has 18 effects such that by high school, girls who are at the 80th percentile (百分位) of science ability have the same likelihood of majoring in certain STEM fields as boys in the lowest percentile. The good news is that subtle linguistic cues can be employed to promote engagement with science in surprisingly powerful ways. In one study, students whose teachers used more action-focused language (such as “Let’s do science”) 19 longer in a novel science game than students whose teachers used more identity-focused language. But it’s also true that during adolescence, your kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its 20 effects on young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In one study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades. 题型03 完形填空 Reams of papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism. Beyond the 21 doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to improve “executive function”, a loose concept that includes the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs as new information arrives. Most striking, numerous studies have even shown that bilinguals undergo a later onset of dementia, perhaps of around four years, on average. But some of these studies have failed to 22 , leaving experts wondering whether the effect is real, and if so, what exactly it consists of. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language, if you want your brain to 23 . A study from 2019 showed that although a moderate amount of language learning in adults does not boost things like executive function, it does mitigate age-related decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who 24 their second languages fully. That in turn is usually because they speak the two as natives, or at least have spoken them on a near-daily basis for a long time. A bit of university French does not, unfortunately, convey the same advantages as deep knowledge and long experience. Switching languages 25 in the course of a day may be particularly important. Studies of interpreters and translators have provided some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage. But elsewhere is “a forest of confusing 26 ”, says Mark Antoniou of Western Sydney University. Bilinguals are not like monolinguals in lots of ways. The child of ambassadors, raised in a foreign language abroad, may have cognitive and educational advantages that have nothing to do with bilingualism. At the other end of the 27 ladder, though, studies have found striking evidence that in poorer parts of the world multilingual people show the strongest advantages from speaking several languages. Where schooling is scarce, researchers suppose that bilingualism exercises children’s brains in a way that their schooling may not. 28 plays a role, too. Studies suggest that the effects of languages on the brain are stronger for young children and the old than they are for young adults. Bilingual tots seem to 29 in cognitive development in the early years, but their monolingual classmates may catch up with them later. One meta-analysis on the topic revealed that 25 studies out of 45 found a bilingual advantage in children younger than six, while only 17 found them in children aged 6-12. But all these studies take for granted the uncontroversial mental superpower that you get from language study: being able to talk to people you could not have spoken to, or understood, otherwise. Even if you cannot pick your parents and be 30 from infancy, that should be more than enough reason to give it a go. 21．A．conversational B．personal C．professional D．intellectual 22．A．challenge B．approve C．replicate D．handle 23．A．function B．benefit C．recover D．conduct 24．A．understand B．admire C．translate D．master 25．A．frequently B．easily C．occasionally D．selectively 26．A．theories B．assumptions C．contrasts D．variables 27．A．cultural B．socioeconomic C．educational D．geographic 28．A．Intelligence B．Personality C．Age D．Genetics 29．A．dominate B．struggle C．engage D．outperform 30．A．fluent B．mature C．demanding D．flexible 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题材热点03 教育学习与校园生活 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：呈现前沿科技或社会热点，进入真实情境，提取关键信息。 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：归纳本话题高频单词、短语，扩大词汇量，高效领悟同主题文章。 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空/语法填空/词汇填空/六选四/概要，限时组合练，提升信息迁移能力。 【背景速递】 设立雄心勃勃的目标来提升自己，但最终却因为种种现实阻碍而没能完成计划的感觉很糟糕。不过比起苛责自己，何不尝试为自己建立一套系统化的方法来维持好习惯呢？本文浅谈长期坚持好习惯的方法。 【原文欣赏】 Small steps to build long-lasting habits 1 It’s day one of a healthier, smarter, better you. You’re full of zest and good intentions. You woke up at 5am to run before work, you read a book in your lunchbreak, and you listened to an English podcast on your commute. Now, fast forward three months. Life is getting in the way, and you’ve slipped into old habits… snoozing your alarm and eating chocolate for breakfast. Sound familiar? 2 Don’t be hard on yourself. It’s unrealistic to rely on willpower alone. As James Clear, author of the bestselling book ‘Atomic Habits’, writes, “The problem isn’t you. The problem is your system.” Our habits come from goals, so start by getting really clear. Goals, according to George T Doran, should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. It’s not enough to say, “I’ll exercise more”—that’s too vague! A SMART goal would be “I’m going to walk for 20 minutes in the evenings on weekdays.” Now you have a clear action that you can stick to. 3 Once you’re clear on your goals, you need to make the associated habits as automatic as possible. Try ‘habitstacking’, a technique popularised in the book ‘Atomic Habits’, which involves attaching a new habit onto something you already do regularly. For example, if you already make coffee every morning, use that moment to read your book for 20 minutes. That way, your new reading habit is now intertwined with something you’re going to do anyway. Another key strategy is to reward yourself, to transform the habit from a chore into something pleasurable. If it’s hard to get yourself to the gym, promise yourself that after each visit, you’ll allow yourself a treat—a takeaway meal or an episode of your favourite TV show. 4 Even with our best intentions and a great system, stress and interruptions to your routine like social events can still make keeping habits feel like an uphill battle. If or when you have setbacks, accept it as part of the process. Life is full of spontaneity and uncertainty—one could argue that’s what keeps it interesting! Use setbacks as a pause for reflection and review. What about your system is working? What’s no longer serving you? Then, get back on track. 【译文赏析】 今天是你开启 “更健康、更明智、更优秀” 生活的第一天。你充满热情与决心：清晨 5 点起床，上班前完成跑步；午休时读了一本书；通勤路上还听了一期英语播客。但三个月后，生活的琐事开始干扰计划，你逐渐回归旧习惯 —— 按下闹钟继续赖床，早餐只吃一块巧克力。这种经历是否似曾相识？ 别对自己过于苛刻，仅靠意志力支撑习惯是不现实的。畅销书《原子习惯》（Atomic Habits）的作者詹姆斯・克利尔（James Clear）写道：“问题不在于你本身，而在于你的行为系统。” 习惯源于目标，因此首先要明确目标。根据乔治・T・多兰（George T. Doran）提出的理论，目标应符合 “SMART 原则”：具体（Specific）、可衡量（Measurable）、可实现（Achievable）、相关性（Relevant）、时限性（Time-bound）。只说 “我要多锻炼” 是远远不够的 —— 这个目标太过模糊！一个符合 SMART 原则的目标应该是：“工作日的晚上，我每天步行 20 分钟。” 这样一来，你就有了清晰且易于坚持的行动方向。 明确目标后，下一步是让相关习惯尽可能 “自动化”。可以尝试 “习惯叠加法”—— 这是《原子习惯》中推广的一种技巧，指将新习惯与已有的日常习惯绑定。例如，如果你每天早上都会煮咖啡，那么可以利用煮咖啡的时间读 20 分钟书。通过这种方式，新的阅读习惯便与 “煮咖啡” 这一固有行为紧密关联，更容易坚持。另一个关键策略是 “自我奖励”：将习惯从 “必须完成的任务” 转变为 “能带来愉悦感的事”。如果你难以坚持去健身房，可以承诺自己：每次健身后，奖励自己一顿外卖或一集喜欢的电视剧。 即便我们初衷良好、拥有完善的行动系统，压力或社交活动等突发情况仍可能打乱习惯节奏，让坚持变得困难。若遇到挫折，不妨将其视为习惯养成过程中的正常环节。生活本就充满不确定性与随机性 —— 或许正是这种不确定性让生活更具乐趣！把挫折当作反思的契机：当前的行动系统中，哪些部分有效？哪些部分已不再适用？调整后，重新回到正轨即可。 测验与练习 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 ________ Paragraph 2 ________ Paragraph 3 ________ Paragraph 4 ________ a. Making habits easy b. Hypothetical scenario c. Giving up on your habits d. When things go wrong e. Sharing goals with friends f. Goal setting 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 an uphill battle setbacks back on track vague stick to pleasurable hard on yourself Maintaining good habits can sometimes feel like 1) _______. It can be hard to 2) _______ a good routine. But when life sends you 3) _______, it’s important not to be too 4) _______. Instead, search for the willpower to get 5) _______. 答案 一、将标题和段落配对。 Paragraph 1 b) Hypothetical scenario Paragraph 2 f) Goal setting Paragraph 3 a) Making habits easy Paragraph 4 d) When things go wrong 二、用下列单词完成对本文的总结。 Maintaining good habits can sometimes feel like an uphill battle. It can be hard to stick to a good routine. But when life sends you setbacks, it’s important not to be too hard on yourself. Instead, search for the willpower to get back on track. 【课标词汇积累】 zest 热忱，强烈的兴趣 commute 上下班往返，通勤 slip into 陷入，逐渐养成（坏习惯） snooze 让闹钟推迟响起 hard on oneself 对自己过于严苛 willpower 意志力，毅力 time-bound 有时间要求的，受时间限制的 vague 不明确的，模糊的 intertwine 互相缠绕，交织 chore 烦人的事，杂事 pleasurable 令人愉悦的 an uphill battle 一场艰苦的战斗 setback 挫折，阻隘 spontaneity 自发性 back on track 回到正轨 1. She started her journey of developing healthy habits with great zest, waking up at 5 a.m. to run and maintaining a positive attitude every day. 她以极大的热忱开启了培养健康习惯的旅程，每天早上 5 点起床跑步，始终保持积极的心态。 2.He makes good use of his one-hour commute to work by listening to English podcasts and reviewing professional knowledge. 他充分利用一小时的通勤时间，听英语播客并复习专业知识。 3."I want to study harder" is a vague goal—you need to specify what subject to focus on and how much time to spend each day. 中文释义：“我想更努力学习” 是一个模糊的目标 —— 你需要明确聚焦哪个科目，以及每天投入多少时间。 4. Many people regard exercising as a chore at first, but it gradually becomes a pleasure when they feel the positive changes in their bodies. 很多人一开始把运动当作一件烦人事，但当感受到身体的积极变化后，它渐渐变成了一种乐趣。 5. Don’t be discouraged by a small setback in habit formation—accept it as part of the process and get back on track quickly. 别因习惯养成过程中的小挫折而气馁，把它当作过程的一部分，尽快重回正轨。 【话题词汇/语块积累】 English Podcast 英语播客 Habit stacking 习惯叠加，让不同习惯互相促进 Learning Routine 学习常规 Setback Reflection 学习挫折复盘 Commute Learning 通勤学习 Intentional Learning 刻意学习法 （建议用时：40分钟） 题型01 语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese Words Set to Enter Global English These years, Chinese words have become more common in the English language. One recent study explored 1 well people in English-speaking countries recognize Chinese expressions. Researchers collected data from 50 media websites in countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. After 2 (analyze) about 300 Chinese words, they selected 150 for a survey. The survey was completed by over 1,200 adults with higher education. What made the findings interesting is that many Chinese words are used in pinyin, which is the Romanized form of Chinese. 3 pinyin uses letters, it is easier for English speakers to read and remember. If a Chinese word appears in pinyin, people are more likely to understand its meaning, especially if it is related to culture, food, or travel. For example, words like chunjie (Spring Festival), shaolin (a temple famous for martial arts), and gugong (the Forbidden City) were among the most 4 (recognize). These words often appear in news reports, tourism websites, or even in dictionaries. In fact, some Chinese food names, such as jiaozi (dumplings), are now more commonly used than their English translations. Another surprising finding was that some Chinese terms, 5 once had English versions, are now being replaced by their pinyin forms. The panda, which used to be simply called “giant panda,” is now also known as xiongmao. And the word jiaozi 6 (add) to the Oxford English Dictionary. In addition to cultural words, the study found that many terms are spreading worldwide. Expressions like zhongguomeng (Chinese Dream) and yidaiyilu (Belt and Road Initiative) reflect China’s development goals and are now easier 7 (understand) in other countries. According to the researchers, one reason for this trend is that China plays an increasingly important role in global trade, technology, and communication. If people continue to interact more with China, whether through tourism, business, or education, it is likely that even more Chinese words 8 (enter) English. Since the 1990s, Chinese loanwords have been growing faster than 9 from any other language. Experts say this shows not only stronger cultural exchange, but also the influence 10 China’s innovation and progress in today’s world. 【答案】 1．how 2．analyzing 3．Because/Since 4．recognizable 5．which 6．has been added 7．to understand 8．will enter 9．those 10．of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来中文词汇进入全球英语的现象、原因及影响。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：最近的一项研究探究了说英语国家的人对中国表达方式的识别程度如何。本空引导宾语从句，根据well可知，应用副词how，表示“如何”。故填how。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在分析了大约300个中文单词后，他们选择了150个进行调查。本空作介词after的宾语，用analyze“分析”的动名词。故填analyzing。 3．考查原因状语从句。句意：因为拼音使用字母，所以对于说英语的人来说，它更容易阅读和记忆。此处前后两句为因果关系，应用连词because/since，引导原因状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Because/Since。 4．考查形容词。句意：例如，春节（春节）、少林（一座以武术闻名的寺庙）和故宫（紫禁城）等词汇是最容易被识别的。此处作表语，用形容词recognizable“可识别的”。故填recognizable。 5．考查定语从句。句意：另一个令人惊讶的发现是，一些曾经有英文版本的中文术语，现在正被它们的拼音形式所取代。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词terms，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查动词语态。句意：饺子这个词已被收入《牛津英语词典》。本空为句子谓语，主语 jiaozi与谓语动词add“添加之间为被动关系，且强调“被收录”的动作已经完成，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has been added。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：像“中国梦”和“一带一路”这样的表达反映了中国的发展目标，现在在其他国家更容易理解。此处为固定句型：主语+be+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，所以此处为动词understand“理解”的不定式。故填to understand。 8．考查时态。句意：如果人们继续通过旅游、商业或教育等方式与中国进行更多互动，那么很可能会有更多的中文词汇进入英语。enter“进入”。本空为句子谓语，主句描述将来发生的事情，时态用一般将来时，谓语用will enter。故填will enter。 9．考查代词。句意：自20世纪90年代以来，中文外来词的增长速度超过了其他任何语言的外来词。此处指代前面的Chinese loanwords，为避免重复，用代词those指代复数可数名词。故填those。 10．考查介词。句意：专家表示，这不仅表明文化交流更加紧密，也表明了中国在当今世界的创新和进步的影响力。此处为固定短语the influence of意为“……的影响”。故填of。 题型02 词汇填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accumulative   B．discouraging   C． disengage   D．flowing   E. identically    F. partly  G. persisted   H. reserved   I. shift   J. underlying   K. wonder Language affects kids’ interest in science One of the best parts of being a parent has to be watching children discover the world around them. After all, kids are endlessly curious, and part of the fun is seeing the 11 on their faces as they learn about even simple objects and ideas. Yet over time parents may find that their child is becoming less interested in exploring the world around them and less likely to investigate the 12 “why” of things — that is, less curious about science. Why does this 13 happen? There are, of course, a number of different factors at play, but researchers have found: this loss of interest may be 14 the result of subtle language cues children hear. And these cues don’t come just from parents; they can also come from media kids consume or from schoolteachers or curricula. All youngsters can do science, but over time they begin to think of being a scientist as something 15 for only certain kinds of kids. However, there are some steps you can take to keep the curiosity alive and the science 16 . When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today” or “You’re such a good scientist” But this kind of language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than a set of activities and actions that people do, can be demotivating. One possibility is that when thinking of a scientist, children might be calling to mind a (white) man. If they don’t share that identity, they might 17 from an activity designed “for scientists.” This stereotypical belief emerges surprisingly early and has 18 effects such that by high school, girls who are at the 80th percentile (百分位) of science ability have the same likelihood of majoring in certain STEM fields as boys in the lowest percentile. The good news is that subtle linguistic cues can be employed to promote engagement with science in surprisingly powerful ways. In one study, students whose teachers used more action-focused language (such as “Let’s do science”) 19 longer in a novel science game than students whose teachers used more identity-focused language. But it’s also true that during adolescence, your kids are actively trying on and ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its 20 effects on young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In one study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades. 【答案】 11．K 12．J 13．I 14．F 15．H 16．D 17．C 18．A 19．G 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨语言如何影响孩子对科学的兴趣，分析不同语言提示的作用及家长可采取的保持孩子好奇心的方法。 11．考查名词。句意：毕竟，孩子们有着无尽的好奇心，其中的乐趣之一就是看到他们在了解甚至简单的事物和想法时，脸上露出惊奇的表情。空格处需填名词，作seeing的宾语，结合“kids are endlessly curious”可知，孩子了解新事物时脸上会有惊奇的表情，wonder意为“惊奇，惊叹”，符合语境。故选K。 12．考查形容词。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，父母可能会发现他们的孩子对探索周围世界的兴趣越来越小，也不太可能去探究事物深层的“为什么”——也就是说，对科学的好奇心越来越小。空格处需填形容词作定语修饰“why”，underlying意为“潜在的，深层的”，“the underlying “why” of things”表示“事物深层的‘为什么’”，符合“探究事物本质原因”的语境。故选J。 13．考查名词。句意：这种转变为什么会发生？空格处需填名词，作主语，前文提到孩子从“充满好奇心”到“对科学好奇心减弱”的变化，shift意为“转变，变化”，指代这种兴趣上的转变，符合语境。故选I。 14．考查副词。句意：当然，有很多不同的因素在起作用，但研究人员发现：这种兴趣的丧失可能部分是孩子听到的微妙语言提示导致的结果。空格处需填副词修饰be动词，partly意为“部分地”，结合“a number of different factors at play”可知，说明语言提示是部分原因，符合逻辑。故选F。 15．考查形容词。句意：所有的孩子都能学习科学，但随着时间的推移，他们开始认为成为科学家是只有特定类型的孩子才享有的特权。空格处需填形容词，作something的后置定语，reserved意为“专留的，预订的”，“something reserved for only certain kinds of kids”表示“只有特定类型孩子才享有的事物”，符合孩子对“科学家身份”的刻板认知。故选H。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：不过，你可以采取一些措施来保持好奇心，让科学（探索）继续下去。空格处需填非谓语动词作宾补，与keep构成“keep sth. doing”结构。flowing意为“流动，持续”，“keep the science flowing”表示“让科学（探索）继续下去”，符合“保持对科学兴趣”的语境。故选D。 17．考查动词。句意：如果他们没有这种身份认同，他们可能会退出为“科学家”设计的活动。空格处需填动词，与might构成谓语，结合“don’t share that identity”可知，孩子可能会脱离相关活动，disengage意为“脱离，退出”，“disengage from an activity”表示“退出一项活动”，符合语境。故选C。 18．考查形容词。句意：这种刻板印象出现得惊人地早，并且有着累积效应，以至于到了高中，科学能力处于第80百分位的女孩在某些STEM领域主修的可能性，与处于最低百分位的男孩相同。空格处需填形容词作定语修饰effects，结合“by high school”可知，这种刻板印象的影响是逐渐积累的，accumulative意为“累积的”，“accumulative effects”表示“累积效应”，符合语境。故选A。 19．考查动词。句意：在一项研究中，那些老师使用更多以行动为重点的语言（如“让我们做科学吧”）的学生，在一款新颖的科学游戏中坚持的时间比那些老师使用更多以身份为重点的语言的学生更长。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合“longer in a novel science game”可知，此处指学生在游戏中坚持更久，persisted意为“坚持，持续”，符合语境。故选G。 20．考查形容词。句意：但同样真实的是，在青春期，你的孩子正在积极尝试并最终形成自己不同的身份。因此，与其对幼儿产生的消极影响相反，以身份为重点的语言可能有助于青少年保持对科学的兴趣。空格处需填形容词作定语修饰effects，结合“in contrast to”可知，前文提到以身份为重点的语言对幼儿有消极影响，此处与对青少年的积极作用对比，discouraging意为“使人气馁的，消极的”，符合语境。故选B。 题型03 完形填空 Reams of papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism. Beyond the 21 doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to improve “executive function”, a loose concept that includes the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs as new information arrives. Most striking, numerous studies have even shown that bilinguals undergo a later onset of dementia, perhaps of around four years, on average. But some of these studies have failed to 22 , leaving experts wondering whether the effect is real, and if so, what exactly it consists of. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language, if you want your brain to 23 . A study from 2019 showed that although a moderate amount of language learning in adults does not boost things like executive function, it does mitigate age-related decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who 24 their second languages fully. That in turn is usually because they speak the two as natives, or at least have spoken them on a near-daily basis for a long time. A bit of university French does not, unfortunately, convey the same advantages as deep knowledge and long experience. Switching languages 25 in the course of a day may be particularly important. Studies of interpreters and translators have provided some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage. But elsewhere is “a forest of confusing 26 ”, says Mark Antoniou of Western Sydney University. Bilinguals are not like monolinguals in lots of ways. The child of ambassadors, raised in a foreign language abroad, may have cognitive and educational advantages that have nothing to do with bilingualism. At the other end of the 27 ladder, though, studies have found striking evidence that in poorer parts of the world multilingual people show the strongest advantages from speaking several languages. Where schooling is scarce, researchers suppose that bilingualism exercises children’s brains in a way that their schooling may not. 28 plays a role, too. Studies suggest that the effects of languages on the brain are stronger for young children and the old than they are for young adults. Bilingual tots seem to 29 in cognitive development in the early years, but their monolingual classmates may catch up with them later. One meta-analysis on the topic revealed that 25 studies out of 45 found a bilingual advantage in children younger than six, while only 17 found them in children aged 6-12. But all these studies take for granted the uncontroversial mental superpower that you get from language study: being able to talk to people you could not have spoken to, or understood, otherwise. Even if you cannot pick your parents and be 30 from infancy, that should be more than enough reason to give it a go. 21．A．conversational B．personal C．professional D．intellectual 22．A．challenge B．approve C．replicate D．handle 23．A．function B．benefit C．recover D．conduct 24．A．understand B．admire C．translate D．master 25．A．frequently B．easily C．occasionally D．selectively 26．A．theories B．assumptions C．contrasts D．variables 27．A．cultural B．socioeconomic C．educational D．geographic 28．A．Intelligence B．Personality C．Age D．Genetics 29．A．dominate B．struggle C．engage D．outperform 30．A．fluent B．mature C．demanding D．flexible 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多语言能力对认知的益处、相关研究争议，以及影响该益处的多种因素和学习新语言的价值。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了它能开启的对话层面的大门之外，多语言能力还被认为可以提升“执行功能”——这是一个宽泛的概念，包括忽视干扰、规划复杂任务以及根据新信息更新认知的能力。A. conversational会话的；B. personal个人的；C. professional专业的；D. intellectual智力的。根据下文“multilingualism is supposed to improve ‘executive function’, a loose concept that includes the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs as new information arrives.”可知，多语言除了打开对话层面的大门，还能提升“执行能力”。故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但其中一些研究未能被重复验证，这让专家们疑惑这种效果是否真实存在，若存在，其具体内涵又是什么。A. challenge挑战；B. approve批准；C. replicate复制，重复；D. handle处理。根据后文“leaving experts wondering whether the effect is real”可知，正是因为部分研究无法被重复进行以验证结果，才引发了专家的质疑。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好消息是，如果你想让自己的大脑受益，任何时候开始学习一门新语言都不算晚。A. function运行；B. benefit受益；C. recover恢复；D. conduct实施。根据第三段中的“it does mitigate age-related decline ”可知，学习新语言能减缓认知衰退，即让大脑从中受益。故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最大的益处似乎来自那些完全掌握了第二语言的人。A. understand理解；B. admire钦佩；C. translate翻译；D. master掌握。根据第三段中的“That in turn is usually because they speak the two as natives, or at least have spoken them on a near-daily basis for a long time.”可知，能像母语者一样使用语言、长期高频使用，本质是对语言达到了“掌握”的程度。故选D。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一天当中频繁地切换语言可能尤为重要。A. frequently频繁地；B. easily容易地；C. occasionally偶尔地；D. selectively有选择地。根据第三段中的“Studies of interpreters and translators have provided some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage.”可知，口译员和翻译工作者的工作特点就是频繁切换语言，这也印证了频繁切换语言的重要性。故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：西悉尼大学的马克・安东尼奥说，在其他方面则存在着 “大量令人困惑的变量”。A. theories理论；B. assumptions假设；C. contrasts对比；D. variables变量。根据后文“The child of ambassadors, raised in a foreign language abroad, may have cognitive and educational advantages that have nothing to do with bilingualism.”可知，研究中存在很多干扰因素，即变量，导致研究结果难以统一。故选D。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在社会经济阶梯的另一端，研究发现了显著的证据：在世界上较贫困的地区，会说多种语言的人能从多语言能力中获得最明显的益处。A. cultural文化的；B. socioeconomic社会经济的；C. educational教育的；D. geographic地理的。根据后文“in poorer parts of the world”和“Where schooling is scarce”可知，此处是从经济和社会条件的维度进行对比，即社会经济阶梯。故选B。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：年龄也在其中发挥着作用。A. Intelligence智力；B. Personality性格；C. Age年龄；D. Genetics基因。根据第六段中的“the effects of languages on the brain are stronger for young children and the old than they are for young adults.”可知，该段围绕不同年龄段人群展开，核心影响因素是年龄。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：双语幼儿在幼年时期的认知发展方面似乎表现更出色，但他们说单一语言的同班同学后来可能会赶上他们。A. dominate主导；B. struggle挣扎；C. engage参与；D. outperform表现更出色。根据后文“but their monolingual classmates may catch up with them later ”可知，“赶上”这一表述暗示双语幼儿前期认知发展表现更好。故选D。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便你无法选择自己的父母，无法从婴儿时期就精通多种语言，那也完全有足够的理由去尝试学习一门新语言。A. fluent流利的；B. mature成熟的；C. demanding苛刻的；D. flexible灵活的。结合前文讨论的多语言能力的益处，以及“from infancy ”的语境可知，此处指从幼年就具备的语言能力，即语言流利。故选A。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $