专题28 人与自然：环境科学与生命关怀（综合训练）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题28 人与自然：环境科学与生命关怀 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：75分） 核心话题：动植物保护、自然现象、气候变化、健康生活、疾病预防、安全教育 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 话题 疾病预防 体裁 应用文 难度 得分 /6 The WHO (World Health Organization) warns that Chikungunya fever (基孔肯雅热) is spreading fast and mosquitoes are the real trouble makers. 1．When was Chikungunya fever first discovered? A．In 1942. B．In 1952. C．In 1962. 2．What could be the problem of the patient if he catches Chikungunya fever? A． B． C． 3．Where is the information most probably from? A．A health website. B．A travel guide. C．A science magazine. B 话题 自然科学 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 How much do you know about the North Pole and the South Pole? They are both place with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine. The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32℉, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30℉. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. Over 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them. There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited (荒无人烟的), few people can live in such a difficult place. People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes. 4．This passage is probably from ________. A．a book review B．a science book C．a school report 5．According to the passage, what happened over 100 years ago? A．Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole. B．Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32℉. C．The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse. 6．The reason for the ice to break into two opining lanes of water is that ________. A．the temperature suddenly drops B．the water under the ice is frozen C．the ocean water under the ice moves 7．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The thick ice in the North Pole. B．A difficult trip to the North Pole. C．The real situation in the North Pole. C 话题 安全教育 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 Nov 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire!” as loudly as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire yourself. Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can become fierce (凶猛的) in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is less smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see where you are going. If the door handle (把手) is really hot, do not open the door. Try to find a different way out. Never use the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped (被困) inside it. If you can’t get out of your room, close the door and put a blanket at the foot of the door to stop smoke from coming in. Open the window and shout or wave something like a flashlight or item of clothing from the window. Close the window if smoke enters. Don’t hide under the bed or anywhere else. Stay by the window, close to the floor. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because moving around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll from side to side to put out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This will help you to make smart decisions in an emergency. 8． What should you first do if you smell smoke or see fire in your building? A．Call your friends. B．Cry out for help loudly. C．Use the lift to leave the building. 9． Which is the right action if there is a lot of smoke in your room? A． B． C． 10． What must you do whatever happens in a big fire according to the text? A．Stop walking and hide under the bed. B．Drop to the ground and then roll. C．Keep calm and make clever decisions. 11． What is the main purpose of writing the text? A．To tell us the dangers of home fires. B．To teach kids how to put out a fire. C．To share information about fire safety. D 话题 动植物保护 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /8 Jane Goodall, a world-famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家), environmentalist, and UN Messenger of Peace, passed away in California on October 1, 2025, at 91. Her work changed how we see humans’ relationship with animals and nature, and left a lasting mark on global environmental protection. Born in London in 1934, Jane loved wildlife as a kid. At 26, with the help of anthropologist Louis Leakey, she went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees. She had no scientific training background—only a notebook, binoculars (望远镜), and patience. When she was in the forest, she lived near the chimpanzees instead of just watching from far away and finally won their trust. In 1960, she found that chimpanzees make and use tools. And it broke the old idea that only humans could do this. Also, she recorded their social lives: strong family bonds, sadness when losing loved ones, and special personalities—showing they’re similar to humans. For Chimpanzees, one of the biggest problems was that their living areas in the forest were being destroyed—many trees were cut down, leaving them with no place to live. In order to support Gombe research and protect chimpanzees’ habitats, Jane started the Jane Goodall Institute in 1977. In 1991, she set up Roots & Shoots with young people. Now it’s in over 60 countries, training future environmental leaders. Even in her later years, she traveled 300 days a year to talk about environmental risks and ask people to act. Jane wrote many books, including In the Shadow of Man, and used her voice to call on more and more people to treat animals well. The UN praised her “extraordinary legacy (非凡的遗产) for humans and nature”. Though Jane’s gone, her love for animals still has a great influence on us all. 12． What did Jane Goodall find in 1960? A．Chimpanzees have special personalities. B．Chimpanzees can make and use tools. C．Chimpanzees live in strong families. 13．The underlined word “habitats” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A．places that animals live in B．food that animals catch C．tools that animals use 14．Which of the following is TRUE about Roots & Shoots? A．It was set up in 1977. B．It is only in Tanzania now. C．It helps train future environmental leaders. 15．What can we learn from Jane Goodall? A．We can make a difference to the world with love and action. B．Chimpanzees are just like humans in every way. C．Only scientists can protect the environment. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余选项。 话题 自然现象 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Strong winds are starting to blow. It seems huge, dark cloud is getting bigger and bigger until it seems to be covering the whole sky. 16 A few seconds pass. Then it happens! The thunderstorm is getting nearer. 17 You can find out if you remember that light travels faster than sound. Light travels at around 300,000 kilometers a second in the air. Sound travels more slowly, at about 340 meters a second in the air. If you are in a car during a thunderstorm, stay there. Lightning does not usually hit a closed car. 18 If you can’t do that, stay in a low place. Since lightning often hits tall trees, you should not stand under a tree. If you are in a boat or swimming, reach land as soon as possible. The electricity of lightning travels through water. If you are inside a building, do not touch electricity equipment. Stay away from open windows and doors. Even though thunderstorms can cause damage (毁坏), they do more good than harm. 19 They help the soil. Lightening causes gases mix in the air. Millions of tons of fertilizers (肥料) are formed as less gases become part of the rain. 20 In spring, it is the time for the thunderstorm to happen. We can see it again. A．Suddenly a bright flash of lightning (闪电) hits across the darkened sky. B．These gases fall to the ground and help make our soil richer. C．You wonder how far away the storm is. D．They bring clean rain that provides water for all living things. E．If you are out-of-doors, take shelters (庇护所) from the storm in a building. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项 话题 健康生活 体裁 新闻报道 难度 得分 /15 A special course named “Physical Fitness Enhancement (体能提升): Exercise and Nutrition (营养)” has been set up in Peking University. The 21 of the course is to help students get into good shape. But the course is only open to students who are 22 or overweight. Students can learn how to lose weight, such as making 23 diets and exercise plans in the 30-hour course. Also, the students can train with the help of professional coaches. Activities 24 running, strength training and designing personal weight loss plans. “The goal is for students to 25 a healthy lifestyle, master scientific weight loss methods, and form regular exercise and balanced diet habits,” explained Zhang Xiaoyuan, who teaches the course. A lot of students are interested in the course. To get the 26 to choose the course, many students have to compete. Those who 27 it have got a lot in the course, with the highest weight loss being around 15 kilograms over the term. On the final day, the students would share their 28 . Many of them report they feel lighter, improve moods 29 and have better sleep now. Some have 30 new sports hobbies like rock climbing, swimming and so on. Some even have found new sports partners. 21．A．purpose B．request C．level 22．A．old B．heavy C．tall 23．A．healthy B．kind C．helpful 24．A．support B．include C．create 25．A．complete B．list C．develop 26．A．advantage B．chance C．position 27．A．made B．brought C．enjoyed 28．A．heroes B．achievements C．suggestions 29．A．mainly B．carefully C．successfully 30．A．taken down B．taken away C．taken up 第二节（共10小趣；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 话题 安全教育 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Wild camping is becoming popular all over the world. What is wild camping? It is an overnight stay, not at a campsite — finding 31 suitable location in the wild that allows you to be close to nature. If you enjoy 32 (spend) time outdoors and show great interest 33 wild camping, you should pay attention to some 34 (rule). ►Try to camp away from houses or farms. ►Be prepared to move on if you 35 (ask) to leave. Being friendly and polite can help you stay out of trouble. ►Leave nothing behind. Always remember 36 (clean) up any mess you have made and pick up the litter you see. ►Don’t make a camp fire. It is 37 (danger) because it may cause a wildfire. Use a stove (炉子) 38 (careful), and make sure that you won’t burn any grass. ►Take care of your “personal waste”. Perhaps there 39 (be) no toilets in the wild. But it doesn’t mean that you can go anywhere. You should keep away from open water. You may wonder 40 wild camping is safe. Well, if you do it correctly, your safety can be ensured. Always let someone know where you are, what you are doing and when you will return. If you don’t feel safe, or if you prefer to have a shower and toilet, perhaps wild camping isn’t for you. Head towards a campsite instead. 第三部分 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 话题 动物科普 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Sloths are the slowest mammals (哺乳动物) on the earth. It takes a full minute for a slot h to move 6 feet (about 1.83 meters) across the ground. You probably couldn’t move that slowly if you tried! The sloth’s body is about 2 feet long. It has long legs, and curved claws (弯曲的爪子) that are 3 to 4 inches long. Their claws and their long legs help them climb trees and hang from tree branches (树枝). They spend almost their whole lives hanging from tree branches. The life of a sloth is not very exciting. Sloths have a round head, small ears, a short tail, and sad- looking eyes set in a dark-colored “mask”. The shape of a sloth’s mouth makes it look like it is always smiling. It has extra bones in its neck that make it possible for it to turn its head almost all the way around. Sloths are home to other plants. Small plants grow on the sloth’s fur (毛皮), making the animals appear to be green. This green color makes it hard to see the sloths in the forest. Insects also live on the sloth’s fur. Maybe the sloths move so little that the small insects don’t even know they are animals. Giant sloths which have the size of elephants once lived in many places on earth, including North America. Today, they can only be found in the tropical (热带的) forests of Central and South America. They eat leaves and berries. A sloth can stick its tongue out 12 inches. Maybe they developed this skill so they wouldn’t have to move to reach the leaves and berries around their resting place. However, many tropical forests are disappearing, along with the sloths that live there. It would be a sad thing if these fascinating little animals disappear. 41．How long does it take for a sloth to move 6 feet across the ground? 42．What can sloths do with their long legs and curved claws? 43．Can the sloths be easily seen in the forest? 44．Where does the Giant sloths live today? 45．What can people do to prevent sloths from disappearing? 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题28 人与自然：环境科学与生命关怀 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：75分） 核心话题：动植物保护、自然现象、气候变化、健康生活、疾病预防、安全教育 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 话题 疾病预防 体裁 应用文 难度 得分 /6 The WHO (World Health Organization) warns that Chikungunya fever (基孔肯雅热) is spreading fast and mosquitoes are the real trouble makers. 1．When was Chikungunya fever first discovered? A．In 1942. B．In 1952. C．In 1962. 2．What could be the problem of the patient if he catches Chikungunya fever? A． B． C． 3．Where is the information most probably from? A．A health website. B．A travel guide. C．A science magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了基孔肯雅热的发现时间、症状、治疗方法以及预防措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“First discovered in Tanzania in 1952, ‘Chikungunya ’comes from an African language and means ‘can’t stand up’.”可知，基孔肯雅热于1952年首次在坦桑尼亚被发现。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The virus makes one’s joints like knees hurt so much that the patient has to bend over and can’t even stand up straight!”可知，如果一个人得了基孔肯雅热，该病毒会导致患者关节，像是膝盖，剧烈疼痛，以至于患者不得不弯腰，甚至无法站直。选项C图片符合患者因关节剧痛而无法直立。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“https://www.health.com”可知，信息来源是一个健康类网站。此外，文章内容围绕疾病症状、治疗和预防展开，符合健康网站的特点。故选A。 B 话题 自然科学 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 How much do you know about the North Pole and the South Pole? They are both place with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine. The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32℉, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30℉. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. Over 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them. There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited (荒无人烟的), few people can live in such a difficult place. People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes. 4．This passage is probably from ________. A．a book review B．a science book C．a school report 5．According to the passage, what happened over 100 years ago? A．Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole. B．Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32℉. C．The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse. 6．The reason for the ice to break into two opining lanes of water is that ________. A．the temperature suddenly drops B．the water under the ice is frozen C．the ocean water under the ice moves 7．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．The thick ice in the North Pole. B．A difficult trip to the North Pole. C．The real situation in the North Pole. 【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北极的自然环境、人类探索历史以及极端条件下的危险现象。 4．推理判断题。根据文章整体内容可知，全文围绕北极的科学知识展开，属于科普性质。选项B“科学书籍”最符合文体特征。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Over 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to... the North Pole on March 8th, 1909.”可知，两人实现了北极探险。选项A与原文一致。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause... the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water”可知，冰裂的直接原因是海水运动。选项C“the ocean water under the ice moves”与原文完全对应。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。全文重点描述北极的真实环境和人类探索历史。选项C“北极的真实情况”最全面概括主题。故选C。 C 话题 安全教育 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 Nov 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire!” as loudly as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire yourself. Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can become fierce (凶猛的) in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is less smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see where you are going. If the door handle (把手) is really hot, do not open the door. Try to find a different way out. Never use the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped (被困) inside it. If you can’t get out of your room, close the door and put a blanket at the foot of the door to stop smoke from coming in. Open the window and shout or wave something like a flashlight or item of clothing from the window. Close the window if smoke enters. Don’t hide under the bed or anywhere else. Stay by the window, close to the floor. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because moving around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll from side to side to put out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This will help you to make smart decisions in an emergency. 8． What should you first do if you smell smoke or see fire in your building? A．Call your friends. B．Cry out for help loudly. C．Use the lift to leave the building. 9． Which is the right action if there is a lot of smoke in your room? A． B． C． 10． What must you do whatever happens in a big fire according to the text? A．Stop walking and hide under the bed. B．Drop to the ground and then roll. C．Keep calm and make clever decisions. 11． What is the main purpose of writing the text? A．To tell us the dangers of home fires. B．To teach kids how to put out a fire. C．To share information about fire safety. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发生火灾时的应对措施。 8．细节理解题。根据“When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire!” as loudly as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119.”可知，当发现烟味或看到火情时，文中建议先大声呼喊“着火了”并寻求帮助或拨打119。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor.”可知如果你的房间里有很多烟，让你的头和身体靠近地板，与选项对照应俯身或爬行。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据“Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This will help you to make smart decisions in an emergency.”可知，在大火中最重要的是保持冷静并作出正确判断。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据“Nov 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out.”和文章主要内容可知，本文围绕全国消防安全日，介绍火灾发生时的应对方法，目的应是分享消防安全信息。故选C。 D 话题 动植物保护 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /8 Jane Goodall, a world-famous primatologist (灵长类动物学家), environmentalist, and UN Messenger of Peace, passed away in California on October 1, 2025, at 91. Her work changed how we see humans’ relationship with animals and nature, and left a lasting mark on global environmental protection. Born in London in 1934, Jane loved wildlife as a kid. At 26, with the help of anthropologist Louis Leakey, she went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees. She had no scientific training background—only a notebook, binoculars (望远镜), and patience. When she was in the forest, she lived near the chimpanzees instead of just watching from far away and finally won their trust. In 1960, she found that chimpanzees make and use tools. And it broke the old idea that only humans could do this. Also, she recorded their social lives: strong family bonds, sadness when losing loved ones, and special personalities—showing they’re similar to humans. For Chimpanzees, one of the biggest problems was that their living areas in the forest were being destroyed—many trees were cut down, leaving them with no place to live. In order to support Gombe research and protect chimpanzees’ habitats, Jane started the Jane Goodall Institute in 1977. In 1991, she set up Roots & Shoots with young people. Now it’s in over 60 countries, training future environmental leaders. Even in her later years, she traveled 300 days a year to talk about environmental risks and ask people to act. Jane wrote many books, including In the Shadow of Man, and used her voice to call on more and more people to treat animals well. The UN praised her “extraordinary legacy (非凡的遗产) for humans and nature”. Though Jane’s gone, her love for animals still has a great influence on us all. 12． What did Jane Goodall find in 1960? A．Chimpanzees have special personalities. B．Chimpanzees can make and use tools. C．Chimpanzees live in strong families. 13．The underlined word “habitats” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A．places that animals live in B．food that animals catch C．tools that animals use 14．Which of the following is TRUE about Roots & Shoots? A．It was set up in 1977. B．It is only in Tanzania now. C．It helps train future environmental leaders. 15．What can we learn from Jane Goodall? A．We can make a difference to the world with love and action. B．Chimpanzees are just like humans in every way. C．Only scientists can protect the environment. 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文讲述了珍·古道尔保护动物的经历，且赞扬了她一生致力于保护动物与环境的善举。 12．细节理解题。根据“In 1960, she found that chimpanzees make and use tools.”可知，她在1960年发现黑猩猩会制造并使用工具。故选B。 13．词句猜测题。根据“In order to support Gombe research and protect chimpanzees’ habitats, Jane started the Jane Goodall Institute in 1977.”可知，为了支持冈贝的研究和保护黑猩猩的栖息地，珍·古道尔于1977年创办了珍·古道尔研究所，划线词“habitats”指的是动物生活的栖息地。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“In 1991, she set up Roots & Shoots with young people. Now it’s in over 60 countries, training future environmental leaders.”可知，它的作用是培养未来的环境领袖。故选C。 15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，Jane Goodall的一生都在呼吁大家共同保护环境，说明只要付出爱与行动，每个人都可以改变世界。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余选项。 话题 自然现象 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Strong winds are starting to blow. It seems huge, dark cloud is getting bigger and bigger until it seems to be covering the whole sky. 16 A few seconds pass. Then it happens! The thunderstorm is getting nearer. 17 You can find out if you remember that light travels faster than sound. Light travels at around 300,000 kilometers a second in the air. Sound travels more slowly, at about 340 meters a second in the air. If you are in a car during a thunderstorm, stay there. Lightning does not usually hit a closed car. 18 If you can’t do that, stay in a low place. Since lightning often hits tall trees, you should not stand under a tree. If you are in a boat or swimming, reach land as soon as possible. The electricity of lightning travels through water. If you are inside a building, do not touch electricity equipment. Stay away from open windows and doors. Even though thunderstorms can cause damage (毁坏), they do more good than harm. 19 They help the soil. Lightening causes gases mix in the air. Millions of tons of fertilizers (肥料) are formed as less gases become part of the rain. 20 In spring, it is the time for the thunderstorm to happen. We can see it again. A．Suddenly a bright flash of lightning (闪电) hits across the darkened sky. B．These gases fall to the ground and help make our soil richer. C．You wonder how far away the storm is. D．They bring clean rain that provides water for all living things. E．If you are out-of-doors, take shelters (庇护所) from the storm in a building. 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．E 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了跟雷雨有关的内容。 16．根据“Strong winds are starting to blow. It seems huge, dark cloud is getting bigger and bigger until it seems to be covering the whole sky.”及“The thunderstorm is getting nearer.”可知，前文描述乌云密布，后文提到雷暴临近。此空需要一个自然现象的描述衔接。选项A“突然，一道明亮的闪电划过漆黑的天空。”符合语境，故选A。 17．根据“You can find out if you remember that light travels faster than sound.”可知，后文解释“光速比声速快”，目的是回答如何判断雷暴距离。选项C“你想知道风暴有多远”符合语境，引出这一原理，故选C。 18．根据“If you are in a car during a thunderstorm, stay there.”及“If you can’t do that, stay in a low place.”可知，此空提建议，选项E“如果你在户外，可以在建筑物里躲避风暴。”符合语境，故选E。 19．根据“Even though thunderstorms can cause damage (毁坏), they do more good than harm.”及“They help the soil.”可知，此空讲雷雨的好处，D选项“它们带来了清洁的雨水，为所有生物提供了水源。”符合语境。故选D。 20．根据“Millions of tons of fertilizers (肥料) are formed as less gases become part of the rain.”可知，此处与“肥料”有关，选项B“这些气体落到地面，有助于使我们的土壤更肥沃。”符合语境，故选B。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项 话题 健康生活 体裁 新闻报道 难度 得分 /15 A special course named “Physical Fitness Enhancement (体能提升): Exercise and Nutrition (营养)” has been set up in Peking University. The 21 of the course is to help students get into good shape. But the course is only open to students who are 22 or overweight. Students can learn how to lose weight, such as making 23 diets and exercise plans in the 30-hour course. Also, the students can train with the help of professional coaches. Activities 24 running, strength training and designing personal weight loss plans. “The goal is for students to 25 a healthy lifestyle, master scientific weight loss methods, and form regular exercise and balanced diet habits,” explained Zhang Xiaoyuan, who teaches the course. A lot of students are interested in the course. To get the 26 to choose the course, many students have to compete. Those who 27 it have got a lot in the course, with the highest weight loss being around 15 kilograms over the term. On the final day, the students would share their 28 . Many of them report they feel lighter, improve moods 29 and have better sleep now. Some have 30 new sports hobbies like rock climbing, swimming and so on. Some even have found new sports partners. 21．A．purpose B．request C．level 22．A．old B．heavy C．tall 23．A．healthy B．kind C．helpful 24．A．support B．include C．create 25．A．complete B．list C．develop 26．A．advantage B．chance C．position 27．A．made B．brought C．enjoyed 28．A．heroes B．achievements C．suggestions 29．A．mainly B．carefully C．successfully 30．A．taken down B．taken away C．taken up 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了北京大学开设的一门名为“体能提升：运动与营养”的特殊课程。 21．句意：这门课程的目的是帮助学生塑造良好体型。purpose目的；request请求；level水平。根据“The…of the course is to help students get into good shape”可知，课程的目标是帮助学生改善体型，故选A。 22．句意：但课程仅对超重或肥胖的学生开放。old老的；heavy重的；tall高的。根据“But the course is only open to students who are…or overweight”可知，课程针对超重或肥胖学生，故选B。 23．句意：学生可以学习如何制定健康饮食和运动计划。healthy健康的；kind友好的；helpful有帮助的。根据“making…diets and exercise plans”可知，课程强调健康饮食，故选A。 24．句意：活动包括跑步、力量训练和设计个人减重计划。support支持；include包括；create创造。根据“Activities…running, strength training and designing personal weight loss plans”可知，活动内容涵盖多项，故选B。 25．句意：目标是让学生养成健康的生活方式。complete完成；list列出；develop养成。根据“The goal is for students to…a healthy lifestyle”可知，课程目标是培养习惯，故选C。 26．句意：为了获得机会选修课程，许多学生需要竞争。advantage优势；chance机会；position职位。根据“To get the…to choose the course, many students have to compete”可知，学生需竞争选课机会，故选B。 27．句意：那些成功的人在课程中收获了很多，在整个学期中，体重最多减轻了15公斤左右。made制作；brought带来；enjoyed享受。根据“many students have to compete. Those who...it have got a lot in the course”可知，是指竞争成功的人，make it“成功”，固定用法，故选A。 28．句意：结课当天，学生会分享自己的成就。heroes英雄；achievements成就；suggestions建议。根据“On the final day, the students would share their…”可知，学生分享课程成果，故选B。 29．句意：许多人表示心情显著改善。mainly主要地；carefully仔细地；successfully成功地。根据“improve moods…and have better sleep”可知，情绪和睡眠明显改善，故选C。 30．句意：有些人开始新的运动爱好，如攀岩、游泳等。taken down记下；taken away拿走； taken up开始从事。根据“Some have…new sports hobbies like rock climbing”可知，学生开始新爱好，故选C。 第二节（共10小趣；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 话题 安全教育 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Wild camping is becoming popular all over the world. What is wild camping? It is an overnight stay, not at a campsite — finding 31 suitable location in the wild that allows you to be close to nature. If you enjoy 32 (spend) time outdoors and show great interest 33 wild camping, you should pay attention to some 34 (rule). ►Try to camp away from houses or farms. ►Be prepared to move on if you 35 (ask) to leave. Being friendly and polite can help you stay out of trouble. ►Leave nothing behind. Always remember 36 (clean) up any mess you have made and pick up the litter you see. ►Don’t make a camp fire. It is 37 (danger) because it may cause a wildfire. Use a stove (炉子) 38 (careful), and make sure that you won’t burn any grass. ►Take care of your “personal waste”. Perhaps there 39 (be) no toilets in the wild. But it doesn’t mean that you can go anywhere. You should keep away from open water. You may wonder 40 wild camping is safe. Well, if you do it correctly, your safety can be ensured. Always let someone know where you are, what you are doing and when you will return. If you don’t feel safe, or if you prefer to have a shower and toilet, perhaps wild camping isn’t for you. Head towards a campsite instead. 【答案】 31．a 32．spending 33．in 34．rules 35．are asked 36．to clean 37．dangerous 38．carefully 39．are 40．if 【导语】本文介绍了野外露营的定义、基本规则和安全注意事项。 31．句意：这是一次过夜，而不是在露营地——在野外找一个合适的地方，让你接近大自然。泛指“一个合适的地方”，suitable以辅音音素开头，此处用不定冠词a。故填a。 32．句意：如果你喜欢花时间在户外，并对野外露营表现出极大的兴趣，你应该注意一些规则。enjoy doing“喜欢做某事”为固定搭配。故填spending。 33．句意：如果你喜欢花时间在户外，并对野外露营表现出极大的兴趣，你应该注意一些规则。show interest in“对……感兴趣”为固定搭配。故填in。 34．句意：如果你喜欢花时间在户外，并对野外露营表现出极大的兴趣，你应该注意一些规则。some后接可数名词复数rules“规则”。故填rules。 35．句意：如果你被要求离开，准备好继续前进。主语you与ask构成被动关系，含if的条件状语从句，主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态，you后用be动词are，ask的过去分词形式asked。故填are asked。 36．句意：永远记得清理你制造的任何脏乱，捡起你看到的垃圾。remember to do“记得要做某事”为固定搭配。故填to clean。 37．句意：这很危险，因为它可能引发野火。系动词is后接形容词dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。 38．句意：小心使用炉子。修饰动词use用副词carefully“小心地”。故填carefully。 39．句意：可能野外没有厕所。there be句型中主语toilets为复数，be动词用are。故填are。 40．句意：你可能想知道野外露营是否安全。根据“You may wonder ... wild camping is safe.”可推出想知道野外露营是否安全，用if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。故填if。 第三部分 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 话题 动物科普 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Sloths are the slowest mammals (哺乳动物) on the earth. It takes a full minute for a slot h to move 6 feet (about 1.83 meters) across the ground. You probably couldn’t move that slowly if you tried! The sloth’s body is about 2 feet long. It has long legs, and curved claws (弯曲的爪子) that are 3 to 4 inches long. Their claws and their long legs help them climb trees and hang from tree branches (树枝). They spend almost their whole lives hanging from tree branches. The life of a sloth is not very exciting. Sloths have a round head, small ears, a short tail, and sad- looking eyes set in a dark-colored “mask”. The shape of a sloth’s mouth makes it look like it is always smiling. It has extra bones in its neck that make it possible for it to turn its head almost all the way around. Sloths are home to other plants. Small plants grow on the sloth’s fur (毛皮), making the animals appear to be green. This green color makes it hard to see the sloths in the forest. Insects also live on the sloth’s fur. Maybe the sloths move so little that the small insects don’t even know they are animals. Giant sloths which have the size of elephants once lived in many places on earth, including North America. Today, they can only be found in the tropical (热带的) forests of Central and South America. They eat leaves and berries. A sloth can stick its tongue out 12 inches. Maybe they developed this skill so they wouldn’t have to move to reach the leaves and berries around their resting place. However, many tropical forests are disappearing, along with the sloths that live there. It would be a sad thing if these fascinating little animals disappear. 41．How long does it take for a sloth to move 6 feet across the ground? 42．What can sloths do with their long legs and curved claws? 43．Can the sloths be easily seen in the forest? 44．Where does the Giant sloths live today? 45．What can people do to prevent sloths from disappearing? 【答案】41．A full minute./A minute. 42．They can climb trees and hang from tree branches. 43．No, they can’t./No. 44．In the Tropical forests of Central and South America. 45．People can stop cutting the trees to protect the tropical forests. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树懒的相关信息。 41．根据“It takes a full minute for a slot h to move 6 feet (about 1.83 meters) across the ground.”可知，树懒在地面上移动6英尺需要一分钟。故填A full minute./A minute. 42．根据“Their claws and their long legs help them climb trees and hang from tree branches (树枝).”可知，树懒使用长腿和弯曲的爪子来爬树和挂在树枝上。故填They can climb trees and hang from tree branches. 43．根据“This green color makes it hard to see the sloths in the forest.”可知，树懒的毛皮呈绿色，使它们容易在森林中隐藏，因此不容易被看到。填No, they can’t./No. 44．根据“Today, they can only be found in the tropical (热带的) forests of Central and South America.”可知，巨树懒今天生活在中美洲和南美洲的热带森林中。故填In the Tropical forests of Central and South America. 45．开放性问题，言之有理即可，参考答案为：People can stop cutting the trees to protect the tropical forests. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $