专题01 语法三原石：冠词、介词、名词的基石作用与组装艺术（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测.zip

专题01 冠词/介词/名词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 5 ★ 考点一 名词 5 ★ 考点二 冠词 10 ★ 考点三 介词 15 04 优题精选·练能提分 21 考点 课标要求与复习目标 命题预测 解题锦囊 名词 课标要求： • 掌握可数名词的单复数形式（规则与不规则）。 • 掌握不可数名词的用法及其量的表达。 • 掌握名词所有格（’s及of结构）。 复习目标： 1. 清晰区分可数与不可数名词。 2. 熟练掌握名词复数变形及所有格用法。 3. 能在语境中准确选用名词并符合主谓一致。 1. 语境辨析：在完形填空中考查词义名词（如explore/operate）的语义区分。 2. 综合运用：在语法填空中，需根据主谓一致或上下文逻辑判断名词的单复数形式。趋势：更注重在真实语篇中考查名词的准确应用能力。 锦囊1：可数不可数“三步法” 一判：根据搭配（a/an, two）和常识判断。 二变：可数名词记清规则（-s/-es/-ies）与不规则（child→children）变化。 三量：不可数名词用“量词+of”表达（a piece of advice）。 锦囊2：所有格“看关系” ’s：有生命的人/物、时间、距离（my sister’s room, ten minutes’ walk）。 of：无生命的事物（the door of the car）。 双重：a friend of my father’s（强调所属中的一员）。 冠词 课标要求： • 掌握不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词的基本用法与区别。 复习目标： 1. 掌握三类冠词的核心使用规则。 2. 熟记含冠词的固定搭配。 3. 能在语篇中根据“泛指/特指”逻辑准确选用冠词。 1. 固定搭配：考查习惯用语中的冠词（play the piano, in bed）。 2. 逻辑判断：在语篇题中，设置语境考查对泛指（a/an）、特指（the）和零冠词的辨析。 3. 综合难点：结合序数词、最高级、抽象名词具体化（have a good time）等规则设题。趋势：强调语言的地道性与思维的逻辑性。 锦囊1：独一无二用the 用于宇宙、方位、乐器、序数词、最高级、上文提及或双方已知的事物前（the sun, the first, the best）。 锦囊2：语篇线索法 首提用a/an（引入一个），再提用the（指代上文那个）。这是完形填空的关键线索。 锦囊3：翻译辅助法 将句子关键部分快速翻译，体会“一个/这个/不用”的差异，辅助判断泛指或特指。 介词 课标要求： • 掌握表示时间、地点、方式等常见介词的基本用法。 • 了解常见介词短语的意义和用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握核心介词（如in/on/at）的辨析。 2. 积累高频“动/形/名+介词”固定搭配。 3. 能在语境中根据逻辑关系选择正确介词。 1. 基础辨析：在单项选择中考查时间、地点、方式等核心介词的区别。 2. 固定搭配（高频）：考查“动词/形容词/名词+介词”的固定结构（look forward to, be good at）。 3. 语篇逻辑：在完形填空中，考查介词所表达的方位、时间、原因等上下文逻辑关系。趋势：更注重介词在真实语境中的表意功能。 锦囊1：时间介词“长in，短on，点at” in + 年/月/季节/早午晚（较长时段）； on + 具体某日/带修饰的早午晚（on Monday morning）； at + 钟点/片刻（at 7:00, at noon）。 锦囊2：搭配“记整体” 将“动/形/名+介词”作为整体记忆（listen to, be afraid of, the key to）。这是解题关键。 锦囊3：逻辑推理法 在语篇中，分析空格前后成分的关系（表地点？方式？原因？），选择能准确表达该逻辑关系的介词。 考点一 名词 1.名词单数变复数规则 规则分类 构成方法 例词 特别注意 规则变化 1. 直接加 -s book → books, desk → desks 最普遍规则 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾，加 -es bus → buses, box → boxes, dish → dishes, watch → watches 发音需求 /ɪz/ 3. 以 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 -es city → cities, baby → babies 注意：元音+y 直接加s：boy → boys 4. 以 o 结尾，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s potato → potatoes tomato → tomatoes photo → photos piano → pianos 中考高频易错：牢记 hero, Negro, tomato, potato 加-es（可记口诀：英雄和黑人爱吃土豆西红柿） 5. 以 f 或 fe 结尾，变 f/fe 为 v，再加 -es leaf → leaves, knife → knives, wife → wives 常见需变的有：leaf, thief, wolf, half, life, knife, shelf, self, wife。直接加s的例外：roof → roofs, belief → beliefs, chief → chiefs 不规则变化 1. 改变内部元音 man → men, woman → women, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice 注意：German → Germans（区别于man） 2. 单复同形 sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, jin（斤）, yuan（元） 注意：fish表种类时加-es：fishes 3. 特殊变化 child → children, ox → oxen 必须熟记 复合名词 1. 将主体名词变为复数 passer-by → passers-by（过路人）, son-in-law → sons-in-law（女婿） 2. 无主体名词，在最后加-s grown-up → grown-ups（成年人） 3. 由man/woman构成的，前后都变 woman teacher → women teachers,  man doctor → men doctors 常考特殊形式 1. 形复实单：看起来像复数，实际作单数 news（新闻）, physics（物理）, the United States（美国） 谓语用单数 2. 形单实复：看起来像单数，实际作复数 people（人们）, police（警察） 谓语用复数 注意：a people 指“一个民族” 3. 只有复数形式 clothes（衣服）, trousers（裤子）, glasses（眼镜）, scissors（剪刀） 谓语用复数，量词用 pair：a pair of trousers 4. 集合名词：强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数 family, class, team My family is large.（我家是个大家庭。） My family are watching TV.（家人在看电视。） 根据语境判断 2.名词所有格 类型 构成与用法 例词/例句 特别注意 -‘s 所有格 (有生命、时间、距离等) 1. 单数名词后加 -‘s Tom’s book, my sister’s room 2. 复数名词： - 以s结尾的，加 -‘ - 不以s结尾的，加 -‘s teachers’ office（老师们的办公室） Children’s Day（儿童节） 易错点：区分 Lucy and Lily’s room（共用一间）与 Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms（各自一间） 3. 用于时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等 today’s newspaper（今天的报纸）, ten minutes’ walk（十分钟的步行）, China’s development（中国的发展） of 所有格 (无生命、抽象概念) 结构：名词 + of + 名词 the window of the room（房间的窗户）, the name of the film（电影的名字） 常用于无生命事物，或有较长修饰语时：the support of the people all over the country 双重所有格 结构：a/an/数词/this/that… + 名词 + of + -‘s所有格/名词性物主代词 a friend of my father’s（我父亲的一个朋友） that book of hers（她的那本书） 核心考点： 1. 表示其中之一（部分概念）。 2. 带有感情色彩（赞赏或厌恶）。 3. of 后的名词必须为特指且有生命。 3. 名词的后缀以及变形 变形方向 常见后缀 例词 释义 动词/形容词 → 名词 -er/-or（…者，从事…的人） teach → teacher, work → worker, act → actor, visit → visitor 教师，工人，演员，参观者 -ist（…家，…主义者） art → artist, science → scientist, piano → pianist 艺术家，科学家，钢琴家 -ment（表行为、状态、结果） develop → development, agree → agreement, move → movement 发展，同意，运动 -tion/-sion（表行为、状态） invent → invention, decide → decision, discuss → discussion 发明，决定，讨论 -ness（表性质、状态） happy → happiness, ill → illness, kind → kindness 幸福，疾病，善良 -th（表状态、性质） true → truth, long → length, warm → warmth 真理，长度，温暖 -ance/-ence（表状态、性质） appear → appearance, differ → difference, important → importance 出现，不同，重要性 -y/-ty/-ity（表性质、状态） difficult → difficulty, safe → safety, possible → possibility 困难，安全，可能性 -ing（表动作、结果、材料） build → building, paint → painting, feel → feeling 建筑，绘画，感觉 名词/动词 → 名词 -ship（表状态、身份、关系） friend → friendship, leader → leadership, member → membership 友谊，领导地位，成员资格 -dom（表状态、领域） free → freedom, king → kingdom 自由，王国 【应试技巧】 1. 审题三步法： 判可数：首先判断该名词在此语境中是否可数。抽象、物质名词通常不可数。 定单复：如果是可数名词，根据主谓一致、固定搭配（如one of...后接复数）、数量词（如many, a few后用复数）来确定单复数。 选格：如果需要表示“所属关系”，根据有生命/无生命、时间/距离等选择正确的所有格形式。 2. 主谓一致黄金法则： 形复实单名词（news, physics）作主语，谓语用单数。 集合名词（family, team）强调整体用单数，强调个体成员用复数。 “a number of + 复数名词” 谓语用复数（许多…）；“the number of + 复数名词” 谓语用单数（…的数量）。 3. 易错点清单： 以o结尾的复数：记准加-es的四个词（hero, Negro, tomato, potato）。 不规则复数：熟记 man→men, child→children, foot→feet, mouse→mice 等。 所有格与名词作定语：女教师是 women teachers，但鞋店是 shoe shop（名词直接作定语，用单数）。 双重所有格：a friend of my father’s 强调“我父亲朋友中的一个” 1．（2025·湖南省卷）The wood was shipped by ________ (worker) to the city for tall buildings. 【答案】workers 【解析】句意：木材由工人们通过水路运到城市用于建造高楼。根据“shipped by…to the city”可知，此处指复数概念的工人，用workers。故填workers。 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Still, many people don’t want to read them _____because___ they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great ________ (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. 【答案】stories 【解析】句意：不过，仍有许多人不愿去读这些书，因为它们篇幅很长，情节也十分复杂。但这些都是精彩的故事，同时也展现了人性中的美好与缺陷。根据“they are”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式，故填stories。 3．（2024·湖南长沙卷）Peonies say, "You are special to me." They are also a symbol of wealth and 　 　(rich). 【答案】richness 【解析】句意：它们也是财富和富裕的象征。分析句子可知，空格处应与wealth并列，用名词形式，rich富有的，形容词，其名词形式为richness，故填richness。 4．（2025·湖南长郡教育集团·期中）My heart is full of           (excite) because I can’t wait to show them how much fun this Chinese festival will be. 【答案】excitement 【解析】句意:我的心里充满了兴奋，因为我迫不及待想让他们知道这个中国节日会有多有趣。根据“My heart is full of ….how much fun this Chinese festival will be,”可知，介词“of”后需接名词。of +名词，抽象名词作宾语。“excite”的名词形式是excitement兴奋，构成短语“be full of excitement”。故填excitement. 5．（2025·甘肃兰州）Today is my ________ (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 【答案】brother’s 【解析】句意:今天是我弟弟的生日。我想为他做一碗长寿面。根据“Today is my.. birthday.”可知，此处表达“我弟弟的生日”，应该使用名词所有格形式来表示所属关系，即在名词“brother”后加“’s”。故填brother’s。 考点二 冠词 1. 不定冠词 a/an 的用法 基本功能：表示“一个”，用于泛指单数可数名词。 用法分类 说明与例句 特别注意与易错点 基本用法 1. 首次提到或泛指某一类人或事物中的一个。 • I saw a dog in the park. 2. 表示“每一个”，相当于per。 • He goes home twice a week. a 和 an 的选择唯一标准：读音。 • 以元音音素开头的词前用 an：an hour, an honest boy, an umbrella。 • 以辅音音素开头的词前用 a：a university, a European country, a useful book。 抽象化具体 使抽象名词具体化，表示“一种、一场、一次”等。 • It’s a pleasure to help you.（一件乐事） • The heavy rain was a disaster for farmers.（一场灾难） 区分： • Knowledge is power.（知识，抽象，不可数） • He has a good knowledge of history.（一门知识，具体化） 固定搭配 用于大量固定短语中。 • have a cold/fever/headache • in a hurry, all of a sudden, as a result, have a try, keep a diary 必须逐个记忆，无规律可循。 2. 定冠词the的用法 基本功能：表示“这个/那个/这些/那些”，用于特指双方都知道的人或事物。 用法分类 说明与例句 特别注意与易错点 特指用法 1. 上文已提过的人或事物。 • I bought a book. The book is very interesting. 2. 被限定性修饰语（如介词短语、定语从句）明确限定的名词前。 • The girl in red is my sister. • This is the house where I was born. 中考完形填空高频考点：首次出现用 a/an，再次提到用 the。 唯一事物 表示世界上独一无二的事物。 • the sun, the moon, the earth, the world 但：Space（太空）前通常不用冠词。 序数词/最高级 用在序数词、形容词最高级及 only, same, very 等词前。 • the first day, the tallest boy • This is the only chance. 注意：当序数词表示“又一”时用 a/an：He tried a second time.（他又试了一次。） 乐器类 演奏西洋乐器时，乐器前加 the。 • play the piano/violin/guitar 但：中国传统乐器前常不加 the：play erhu（拉二胡）。球类/棋类运动前不加：play basketball/chess。 全体类别 the + 形容词：表示一类人。 • the rich（富人）, the poor（穷人）, the young（年轻人） 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 江河湖海、山脉群岛 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 • the Yellow River, the West Lake, the Himalayas, the British Isles 对比：单个山、湖前不加 the：Mount Tai, Lake Erie。 姓氏复数 the + 姓氏复数：表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 • The Greens are having dinner. 谓语用复数。 年代/发明 the + 逢十的复数年份：表示某个年代。 • in the 1990s (the nineteen nineties) • 用于被发明的物品前：The computer was invented in the 20th century. 固定搭配 • in the morning/afternoon/evening • on the left/right, at the moment, by the way, all the time, at the same time 需强化记忆。 3.零冠词的用法 即名词前不用任何冠词的情况。 用法分类 说明与例句 特别注意与易错点 泛指的复数名词和不可数名词 表示一类事物或泛指概念。 • Cats are lovely animals. • Water is essential for life. 这是零冠词最根本的用法。 专有名词 人名、国家、城市、街道、节日等前。 • John, China, Beijing, Wall Street, Christmas 例外：由普通名词组成的专有名词需加 the：the United States。 三餐、学科、语言 • have breakfast/lunch/dinner • study Math/English/History • speak Chinese/Japanese 但：当三餐被定语修饰时，要加冠词：a big breakfast, the lunch I had yesterday。 称呼、头衔 表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。 • He was elected monitor of our class. • President Lincoln was a great leader. 季节、月份、星期 • in spring/summer • in January, on Monday 但：被限定性定语修饰时加 the：the spring of 2020。 交通方式 by + 交通工具（名词用单数，无冠词）。 • by bus/bike/train/car/air/sea 对比：用其他介词则需冠词：on a bus, in a car, take the train。 运动游戏 进行球类、棋类运动时。 • play football/basketball/chess 与演奏乐器严格区分。 固定搭配 • go to school/church/hospital（强调功能） • at home/school, on foot, in bed/trouble, day after day 对比：当这些地点名词表示具体建筑物时，需加冠词：go to the school（去学校这个地点，不一定是上学）。 4. 冠词位置与特殊情况 1. 位置： 通常放在名词或名词修饰语前。 what/such/half + a/an + (adj.) + N：What a nice day! Such an interesting book! Half an hour. as/so/too/how + adj. + a/an + N：It’s too difficult a problem. He is so kind a man. all/both + the + N：all the students, both the parents。 2. 特殊情况对比： 情况 用 the 用 a/an 不用冠词 季节 in the spring of 2024（特指） It was a cold winter.（一个寒冷的冬天） in spring（泛指） 三餐 The breakfast was delicious.（特指那顿） I had a quick lunch.（一顿） have breakfast（泛指活动） 学校等 go to the school（去学校这个地方） He works at a school.（一所学校） go to school（上学，强调目的） 疾病 have a cold/fever/headache（小病） 【应试技巧】 1. “四步判断法”做题：  判可数：空格后的名词是可数还是不可数，单数还是复数？  判泛指/特指：这个名词是首次提到、类别泛指（用a/an/零），还是上文提过、被限定、双方都知道（用the）？  查固定：是否属于固定搭配（如play the piano, by bus）？ 核特殊：是否属于季节、三餐、头衔、专有名词等零冠词情况？ 2. 高频考点黄金法则： 可数单数名词前，必须有冠词（或形容词性物主代词等限定词）。这是检查单选题是否漏用冠词的关键。 the 与 a/an 的根本区别在于“特指” vs “泛指”。在完形填空中，追踪名词是第几次出现。 play + 球类/棋类（零冠词）；play + the + 西洋乐器。口诀：“打球下棋不要the，弹琴拉琴要加the”。 by + 交通工具（零冠词单数）；on/in/a + 交通工具。 3. 易错点清单： 元音音素开头用an：重点记忆 an hour, an honest boy, an umbrella。 抽象名词具体化：success（成功，抽象）→ a success（一个成功的人/事）。 the + 形容词表一类人：the poor 作主语，谓语用复数。 表示“又一个”用a/an+序数词：a second chance。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）Long, long ago, there was a city called Jijiaocheng, so named because it was said to have been built at daybreak. _______ city was on the rich Liyang Plain (平原). 【答案】The 【解析】句意：这座城市位于富饶的澧阳平原上。根据“city was on the rich Liyang Plain (平原)”可知，此处特指前文提到的Jijiaocheng，需用定冠词The。故填The。 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at ________ same time. 【答案】the 【解析】句意：例如，约三千年前创作的《伊利亚特》一书向我们展示了人性中的善与恶；也就是说，我们有时可以表现出英勇的一面，有时又会显得愚蠢。at the same time“同时”，固定短语，故填the。 3．（2024·湖南省卷）I started by washing dishes when I was only 18. I worked hard, and soon became 　 　 waiter. 【答案】a 【解析】句意：我努力工作，很快就成为一个服务员了。waiter是单数可数名词，表示泛指，发音是辅音开头，所以前面要用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．（2025·湖南长沙北雅中学·月考）Studying English for          hour once a week isn’t usually enough to make any real progress.  【答案】an 【解析】句意:每周学习一小时英语通常不足以取得任何实质性进步。hour是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数，此处表示"一小时”这一泛指概念，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an. 5．（2025·湖南长沙湘郡培粹实验中学·开学考）Dreams of flying to the moon has deep roots in Chinese culture. According to     3     ancient story, Chang’e was a fairy who     took    (take) a special drink that gave her the ability to fly to the moon.  【答案】an 【解析】句意:根据一个古老的故事，嫦娥是一个仙女，她喝了一种特殊的饮料，使她能够飞到月球上。此处表示泛指，且ancient是以元音音素开头的。故填an。 考点三 介词 1. 核心介词的基本用法（时间、地点、方式） 1. 表示时间 介词 用法说明 例句与易错点 at 1. 确切的钟点：at 7 o’clock 2. 短暂的时刻：at noon/night/midnight 3. 年龄：at the age of 12 4. 固定搭配：at the moment, at present, at the same time 核心：用于时间点或视为时间点的短暂时段。 on 1. 具体的某一天/日期：on Monday, on May 1st 2. 特定某天的上午/下午/晚上：on Sunday morning, on a cold night 3. 纪念日：on my birthday, on New Year’s Day 易错：区分 in the morning（泛指）和 on a rainy morning（特指）。 in 1. 较长的时间段（年/月/季节/世纪）：in 2024, in July, in summer, in the 21st century 2. 一天中的一部分（泛指）：in the morning/afternoon/evening 3. “在…之后”（接一段时间）：I’ll be back in ten minutes.（十分钟后） 核心：用于时间段。“in + 时间段”表示将来，意为“…之后”。 for 持续一段时间，强调时长。 • I have lived here for five years. 回答 How long...? 的提问。 since 自过去某一点时间开始至今，常与完成时连用。 • He has worked here since 2010. 后接 时间点（since 1999）或 句子（since I came here）。 by “到…为止；不迟于”，表示截止时间。 • You must finish the work by Friday. 常与完成时连用：by now, by the end of last year。 during “在…期间”，强调整个时间段内的某一点或整段。 • He fell asleep during the meeting. 后接表示特定期间的名词（during the holiday, during the war）。 until/till “直到…为止”，表示动作或状态持续到某一时刻。 • Wait here until I come back. 否定句中意为“直到…才”：I didn’t go to bed until midnight. 2. 表示地点、方位与范围 介词 用法说明 例句与易错点 at 1. 较小、具体的地点（视为一个点）：at the bus stop, at the door, at home 2. 门牌号：at 123 Main Street 与in对比：at school（在学校上学），in the school（在学校这个建筑物里）。 in 1. 较大的地点、空间范围（国家、城市、房间等）：in China, in the park, in the room 2. 在…里面：in the box, in the newspaper 3. “在…上”（指印刷在纸/书上）：There is a picture in the book. 核心：强调“在…内部”或有明确边界。 on 1. 在…表面（有接触）：on the desk, on the wall 2. 在（街道、海岸线等）旁：on the road, on the river 3. “在…上”（指内容在媒介表面）：Write your name on the paper. 4. 表示左右边：on the left/right 易混：树上有苹果 on the tree（树本身长出的）；树上有只鸟 in the tree（外来物落在树上）。 above “在…上方”，不一定是正上方，无接触。 • The plane is flying above the clouds. 反义词：below（在…下方，不一定是正下方）。 over 1. 垂直正上方（可有接触，也可无）：The bridge is over the river. 2. 覆盖：Put a cloth over the table. 3. 超过（数量）：over 100 people 与above辨析：over强调垂直关系，above仅表示高于。 under 垂直正下方，是over的反义词。 • The cat is under the table. 反义词：over。 between “在两者之间”。• between you and me 强调一对一的关系。 among “在三者或以上之中”。• He is the tallest among us. 强调在群体之中。 across 1. 横穿（从表面）：walk across the street 2. 在…对面：My house is across the river. 强调从一边到另一边。 through “穿过（从内部空间）”：go through the forest/tunnel 强调“穿透、贯通”。 past “经过（地点）”：go past the post office 表示从旁边经过。 3. 表示方式、原因、关于等其他关系 介词 用法说明 例句与易错点 by 1. “通过…方式、手段”：by bike, by doing sth. 2. “被…（被动语态施动者）”：written by Shakespeare 核心：表方式时，后接名词单数且无冠词（by bus），或接动名词。 with 1. “用…工具、器官”（强调具体工具）：write with a pen, see with eyes 2. “和…一起”：go with me 3. “带有、具有”：a girl with big eyes 与by辨析：with 强调有形工具，by 强调抽象方式或交通手段。 in 1. “用…语言、材料、方式”：in English, in ink, in this way 2. “穿着”：a man in black for 1. “为了…（目的）”：buy a gift for you 2. “因为…”（表示原因）：Thank you for your help. 3. “对于…来说”：It’s easy for me. 与of辨析：It’s kind of you.（你人善良，品质与主语‘你’相关） It’s important for you.（这对你重要，与宾语‘你’相关） of 1. “…的”（表示所属、材料）：a map of China, a cup of tea 2. “关于…”：a story of adventure 3. “由…组成”：be made of（看出原材料） 与from辨析：made of（物理变化，可见原料），made from（化学变化，原料不可见）。 about “关于…”（内容较普通、通俗）。 • a book about animals 与on辨析：a book on environment（学术性、专业性更强的“关于”）。 like “像…一样”。 • He looks like his father. 反义词：unlike（不像）。 2. 常考近义介词辨析（中考高频易错点） 辨析组 核心区别 典型例句 in / on / at (表时间) at 点，on 天，in 段，时刻牢记在心间。 at 3pm, on Monday, in October in / on / at (表地点) at 小点，in 大圈，on 表面紧相连。 at the gate, in Beijing, on the wall between / among between 两者间，among 三者及以上。 between A and B; among the trees across / through across 表面横穿过，through 内部穿隧道。 across the road; through the forest by / with (表方式) by 方式或交通，with 工具握手中。 by car; with a key for / since (表时间) for 时长，since 起点，完成时态常相伴。 for two hours; since 8 o’clock besides / except besides 是“包含”，except 是“把…减”。 Besides Tom, we all went.（Tom也去了） We all went except Tom.（Tom没去） 3. 核心固定搭配归纳 搭配类型 常见搭配举例 动词+介词 look at/for/after/into, listen to, belong to, agree with, think of/about, wait for, depend on, talk about, laugh at 形容词+介词 be good at, be interested in, be proud of, be afraid of, be famous for, be different from, be full of, be sorry for, be strict with/in 名词+介词 the key to, the answer to, the reason for, a visit to, thanks to, a way of 介词短语 at home, in time, on time, by the way, in front of, instead of, because of, at the end of, in order to 【应试技巧】 1. “三步判断法”解题： 第一步：判搭配。空格前后的动词、形容词、名词是否与某个介词构成固定搭配？（如：listen _， 必填to） 第二步：析关系。如果不属于固定搭配，分析介词后的名词/代词与句子其他部分的逻辑关系。表时间？用at/on/in/for等。表地点/方位？用in/on/at/under等。表方式/原因/关于？用by/with/for/about等。 第三步：辨易混。在选定大致范围后，仔细辨析近义介词的细微差别（如 across vs through）。 2. 黄金法则： 看到 “一段时间”，先考虑 for, during, in（看具体语境）。 看到 “完成时” + 时间，考虑 since（接点时间）或 for（接段时间）。 “动词+宾语+介词” 结构是考查重点，务必背熟（如：spend...on, prevent...from）。 在完形填空中，介词选择要紧密联系上下文语境，尤其是表示方位变化的动词链（如 go into, jump onto）。 3. 易错点清单： “在树上”：on the tree（树本身长的），in the tree（外来的）。 “在报纸上”：in the newspaper（内容），on the newspaper（物理位置，如杯子放在报纸上）。 “用…”：by bus（方式），with a pen（工具），in English（语言）。 “为、给”：buy sth. for sb.（为某人买），make sth. for sb.（为某人做）。 “…的答案/钥匙”：the key/answer to the question，不用of。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）The scroll was part of a huge project. A group of artists spent two years _______ it. 【答案】on 【解析】句意：一组艺术家花了两年时间完成它。根据“spent two years”可知，spend time on sth为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”。故填on。 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Are you interested ________ learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. 【答案】in 【解析】句意：你是否对了解经典著作感兴趣呢？读一些内容就能让你更好地理解文化的基础。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，固定短语，故填in。 3．（2024·湖南省卷）There's also a special menu 　 　 children on Saturdays and that's when we serve traditional food. 【答案】for 【解析】句意：周六我们还为 10 名儿童提供特别菜单，届时我们会供应传统食物。for，为，给，介词，后接对象。故填for。 4．（2025·湖南长沙北雅中学·开学考）A few months later, a big flood (洪灾) came to the village. The water rose quickly and many houses were washed away. Tom and the villagers were           great danger. 【答案】in 【解析】句意: 汤姆和村民们处于极大的危险之中。根据“Tom and the villagers were….great danger.”可知，此处是固定短语“in great danger”，意为“处于极大的危险之中”。故填in。 5．（2025·湖南怀化四校联考·期中）My family began to understand the reason why I fall in love          TCM.  【答案】with 【解析】我的家人开始理解我爱上中医的原因。根据“fall in love with...爱上…”可知，此处应填介词with。故填with。 一、写出下列名词的复数形式。 单数形式 复数形式 单数形式 复数形式 city cities baby babies key keys watch watches box boxes bus buses photo photos piano pianos radio radios zoo zoos potato potatoes tomato tomatoes hero heroes knife knives leaf leaves wolf wolves shelf shelves man men woman women foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice child children person persons sheep sheep deer deer fish fish / fishes Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese country countries family families story stories day days monkey monkeys boy boys toy toys brush brushes class classes dress dresses woman teacher women teachers 二、填写正确的冠词形式。 中文句子 英文填空 中文句子 英文填空 一个有用的工具 a useful tool 一个诚实的男孩 an honest boy 弹钢琴 play the piano 打篮球 play / basketball 在晚上 in the evening 每小时六十公里 sixty kilometers an hour 地球上 on the earth 吃早餐 have / breakfast 顺便问一下 by the way 患感冒 have a cold 在第五页 on the fifth page 红色的那本书 the red book 乘坐公共汽车 by / bus 北京大学的学生 a student of Peking University 太阳和月亮 the sun and the moon 一年一次 once a year 穷人 the poor 相同的大小 the same size 立刻 at / once 几分钟前 a few minutes ago 三、填写正确的介词。 中文短语 英文填空 中文短语 英文填空 等待…… wait for 嘲笑…… laugh at 到达……（大地点） arrive in 到达…（小地点） arrive at 属于…… belong to 谈论…… talk about 同意……（某人） agree with 擅长…… be good at 对……感兴趣 be interested in 为……感到自豪 be proud of 担心…… worry about 听……（声音） listen to 期待…… look forward to 照顾…… look after 寻找…… look for 依赖…… depend on 收到……的来信 hear from 与……不同 be different from 来自…… come from 花时间（金钱）在 spend … on 四、语法填空 （一） Though health is important, plenty of teenagers have serious health problems. Take my friend Lucy as an example. She always 1 (eat) too much junk food last year, and she had a bad stomachache. This forces me to think about what causes such problems and how to develop healthy living habits. In our daily life, we teenagers have so many health problems 2 we often make wrong choices. For example, many teenagers choose to spend too much time watching TV or playing phone games instead of sparing time to exercise or take 3 walk with friends, so they are facing lots of serious health problems. This makes it necessary to change their unhealthy lifestyle. 4 (keep) healthy, we should spend less time on screens and more time exercising. Activities like running, swimming, and playing ball games can help keep our bodies in good shape. Also, it is important to keep good 5 (society) relationships. Spending time with friends and 6 (communicate) with teachers can be good for our mental (心理的) health. Friends can bring happiness and 7 (laugh), while teachers can offer valuable advice and support. What’s more, a balanced diet (均衡的饮食) and enough sleep are also the key to keeping healthy. All in all, we should make choices 8 (wise). Good health comes from good habits. 9 an important thing it is to have good living habits! As for me, I’ll choose to live healthily and make 10 (I) life better. I’ll eat healthily and exercise for half an hour every day from now on! 【答案】 1．ate 2．because/as 3．a 4．To keep 5．social 6．communicating 7．laughter 8．wisely 9．What 10．my 【导语】本文分析了青少年健康问题的原因，并提出培养健康生活习惯的具体建议。 1．句意：以我的朋友露西为例，她去年总是吃太多的垃圾食品，她的胃疼得很厉害。根据“last year”可知用一般过去时ate。故填ate。 2．句意：在我们的日常生活中，我们青少年有很多健康问题，因为我们经常做出错误的选择。句子前果后因，需要表示原因的连词because/as“因为”。故填because/as。 3．句意：例如，许多青少年选择花太多时间看电视或玩手机游戏，而不是抽出时间锻炼或与朋友散步，所以他们面临着许多严重的健康问题。take a walk“散步”为固定搭配。故填a。 4．句意：为了保持健康，我们应该少看屏幕，多做运动。“保持健康”是少看屏幕多运动的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To keep。 5．句意：此外，保持良好的社会关系也很重要。修饰名词relationships用形容词social“社会的”。故填social。 6．句意：花时间和朋友在一起，和老师交流对我们的心理健康有好处。and连接并列动名词，communicating“交流”与spending并列。故填communicating。 7．句意：朋友可以带来快乐和笑声，而老师可以提供宝贵的建议和支持。and连接并列名词，laughter“欢笑”与happiness并列。故填laughter。 8．句意：总之，我们应该明智地做出选择。修饰动词make用副词wisely“明智地”。故填wisely。 9．句意：拥有良好生活习惯是多么重要的一件事啊！根据“... an important thing it is to have good living habits!”可知此处用感叹句结构：What + an + adj. + n. + 主谓！故填What。 10．句意：至于我，我会选择健康地生活，让我的生活更美好。名词life前需用形容词性物主代词my“我的”。故填my。 （二） Are you looking for an exciting vacation? How about 1 (explore) Ningxia? Ningxia is in 2 northwest of China. It is an 3 (amaze) place in many ways. Tan sheep Ningxia is 1 (know) for Tan sheep. Grass and 2 (leaf) are their favourite food. Tan sheep are treasures all over. The sheep meat tastes delicious. The soft wool (羊毛) is perfect for making sweaters, scarves 3 gloves. Two special plants Goji berry (枸杞) and liquorice (甘草) are two special plants in Ningxia. They are both 1 (wide) used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goji berry can help keep eyes healthy. Liquorice is usually used to stop coughing. Goji berry and liquorice are also used for cooking. Local people often put 2 (they) in soup or tea.   Interesting places Ningxia is full 1 interesting places to visit. At Shapotou, you can take a sheepskin raft (羊皮筏子) on the Yellow River. For movie fans, Zhenbeibu West China Film Studio is the 2 (good) choice. Chinese movies march towards the world from here. Besides, Helan Mountain is also worth visiting. You can enjoy the beautiful rock paintings and feel close to nature there. 【答案】 1．exploring 2．the 3．amazing 4．known 5．leaves 6．and 7．widely 8．them 9．of 10．best 【导语】本文主要介绍宁夏的一些特色。 1．句意：去宁夏旅游怎么样？How about doing sth“做某事怎么样”，因此这里应用动名词形式exploring。故填exploring。 2．句意：宁夏位于中国西北部。in the northwest of China“在中国的西北部”，介词短语。故填the。 3．句意：在很多方面，它都是一处令人惊叹的地方。此处作定语修饰“place”，用修饰物的形容词amazing。故填amazing。 4．句意：宁夏以滩羊而闻名。be known for“因……而出名”，固定短语。故填known。 5．句意：草和树叶是它们最喜欢的食物。此处表示复数含义，使用名词leaf的复数形式leaves。故填leaves。 6．句意：柔软的羊毛非常适合用来制作毛衣、围巾和手套。前后是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 7．句意：它们在中医中都被广泛应用。此处在句中修饰动词，应用wide的副词形式widely。故填widely。 8．句意：当地居民常常将它们加入汤或茶中。此处在动词后作宾语，用宾格them。故填them。 9．句意：宁夏有很多值得参观的有趣景点。be full of“充满”，固定短语。故填of。 10．句意：对于电影爱好者来说，镇北堡西部影城是最佳选择。根据“Zhenbeibu West China Film Studio is the...choice.”可知，镇北堡西部影城是最佳选择，定冠词the后用形容词最高级作定语，因此这里应用good的最高级best。故填best。 （三） Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and 2 (break) a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And 3 kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not 4 (give) up. Her goal was to be 5 youngest person to row across the Atlantic. For Zara, the trip was also a chance to see nature as few people ever do. She saw dolphins, sharks, and even killer whales. One time, she 6 (hit) by a flying fish. She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay 7 her for life. After 97 days, she 8 (successful) arrived in Guiana, on the coast of South America on February 1st, 2025. “I went through a hard time. It took a 9 (long) time than I had expected, 10 I’m still proud of my effort,” Zara says. 【答案】 1．challenges 2．broke 3．it 4．to give 5．the 6．was hit 7．with 8．successfully 9．longer 10．but 【导语】本文讲述了21岁的英国女孩Zara Lachlan独自划船穿越大西洋的经历，她克服了重重困难，最终成功抵达目的地，实现了自己的目标。 1．句意：Zara一路上面临着许多挑战。根据“many”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，“challenge”的复数形式是“challenges”。故填challenges。 2．句意：她伤了胳膊，割伤了腿，还折断了一根手指。根据“hurt”和“cut”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，“break”的过去式是“broke”。故填broke。 3．句意：并且这使她的船偏离航线一段时间。根据“And”可知，此处指代前文提到的“a big storm”，用代词“it”来指代这场大风暴。故填it。 4．句意：然而，Zara意志坚强，她决定不放弃。根据“decided not”可知，此处是固定搭配“decide not to do sth.”表示“决定不做某事”，因此用动词不定式“to give”。故填to give。 5．句意：她的目标是成为横渡大西洋最年轻的人。根据“youngest person”可知，此处表示最高级，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 6．句意：有一次，她被一条飞鱼击中。根据“One time”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语“she”与“hit”之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was hit”。故填was hit。 7．句意：她说这次旅行给了她许多将终生难忘的回忆。“stay with sb.”表示“陪伴某人，与某人同在”，此处指记忆会陪伴她一生，因此用介词“with”。故填with。 8．句意：97天后，她于2025年2月1日成功抵达南美洲海岸的圭亚那。根据“arrived”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，“successful”的副词形式是“successfully”。故填successfully。 9．句意：这比我预期的时间要长。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式，“long”的比较级是“longer”。故填longer。 10．句意：这比我预期的时间要长，但我仍然为自己的努力感到骄傲。根据“It took a longer time than I had expected”和“I’m still proud of my effort”可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，因此用连词“but”表示“但是”。故填but。 （四） With the rising popularity of hanfu, a 30-year-old girl named JongMay has won the hearts of three million online fans. Her story is 1 (close) connected to her parents, and their love for China shaped the environment she grew up in. About 40 years ago, her parents, from Wisconsin, the US, began to work as English teachers in Liaoning. In 2 (day) life, they often talked about the kindness of people around and became part of the local community soon. Also, her father 3 (choose) to play a role by a director in a TV series based on Red Star Over China. JongMay and her parents celebrated the Spring Festival with Chinese families for the first time when she 4 (be) six years old. JongMay’s love for Chinese culture became 5 (deep) as she watched more historical dramas and movies. Her parents used to encourage her to keep 6 (diary) in Chinese and share her thoughts with friends. She once said, “I want to experience China with the eyes of 7 (I) own.” At the age of 12, the girl came back to Beijing for high school, and later studied Chinese dance at college. Over the years, more people around the world have been greatly 8 (interest) in China. They create different nice works on social media. JongMay thinks hanfu represents China’s rich history and culture. 9 (build) bridges between different cultures and other traditional customs through hanfu, she turned her love for China into a successful career. So far, she 10 (learn) to enjoy and value all kinds of cultures, which enriches her life in both body and mind. 【答案】 1．closely 2．daily 3．was chosen 4．was 5．deeper 6．diaries 7．my 8．interested 9．To build 10．has learnt/has learned 【导语】本文讲述了30岁女孩JongMay因父母对中国的热爱而与中国文化结下深厚渊源，最终将对中国文化的热爱转化为成功事业的故事。 1．句意：她的故事与她的父母紧密相连，他们对中国的热爱塑造了她成长的环境。此处修饰动词“connected”，应用副词形式，close的副词为closely“紧密地”。故填closely。 2．句意：在日常生活中，他们经常谈论周围人的善良，并很快成为当地社区的一部分。此处修饰名词“life”，应用形容词形式，day的形容词为daily“日常的”。故填daily。 3．句意：此外，她的父亲被一位导演选中，在一部根据《红星照耀中国》改编的电视剧中扮演角色。主语“her father”与动词“choose”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且根据“About 40 years ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，choose的过去分词为chosen。故填was chosen。 4．句意：当JongMay六岁时，她和她的父母第一次和中国家庭一起庆祝春节。根据“when she...six years old”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为she，be动词用was。故填was。 5．句意：随着JongMay观看更多的历史剧和电影，她对中国文化的热爱变得更深了。根据“as she watched more historical dramas and movies”可知，此处表示与之前相比，应用比较级形式，deep的比较级为deeper“更深的”。故填deeper。 6．句意：她的父母过去常常鼓励她用中文写日记，并与朋友分享她的想法。keep diaries“写日记”，固定短语。故填diaries。 7．句意：我想用自己的眼睛体验中国。one’s own“某人自己的”，此处应用形容词性物主代词，I的形容词性物主代词为my“我的”。故填my。 8．句意：多年来，世界各地越来越多的人对中国产生了极大的兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，固定短语。故填interested。 9．句意：为了通过汉服在不同文化和其他传统习俗之间搭建桥梁，她将对中国的热爱转化为了一份成功的事业。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填To build。 10．句意：到目前为止，她已经学会欣赏和珍惜各种文化，这丰富了她的身心生活。根据“So far”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为she，助动词用has，learn的过去分词为learnt/learned。故填has learnt/learned。 （五） At the end of 2023, Hefei held a marathon. Among so many runners, 1 old couple caught the attention of many people. They 2 (be) 86-year-old Hu Yingfu and 77-year-old Wang Zhangmin. Hu finished the half marathon in 2 hours and 21 minutes, and his wife, Wang, completed it in 2 hours and 23 minutes. In fact, this wasn’t the 3 (one) time that the couple had taken part in the marathon. In 1997, the couple joined a running club. At first, they started running 4 (keep) fit. But over time, they found it was a relaxing sport and became more interested in it. In 2004, they took part in a marathon for the elderly. To 5 (they) surprise, Wang won the fourth place. In April 2011, the couple finished their first half marathon 6 (safe) in Yangzhou. In December of the same year, they finished the full marathon in Shanghai. At that time, Hu was 74 years old, and Wang was 65 years old. Since then, the couple have started their “marathon journey”. Over next ten years, they have taken part in many 7 (race) across the country every year. And they have completed 8 (many) than 100 marathon events. For years, they have been running 10,000 meters every day. They have covered over 40,000 kilometers 9 won 203 medals in many national sports events. Through running, the couple have made friends 10 other runners, and influenced by them, more and more young people have joined running. 【答案】 1．an 2．were 3．first 4．to keep 5．their 6．safely 7．races 8．more 9．and 10．with 【导语】本文讲述了一对老年夫妇胡应福和王章敏热爱马拉松运动，多年来坚持参加各种马拉松赛事并取得了不俗成绩的故事。 1．句意：在众多跑步者中，一对老夫妇吸引了许多人的注意。根据“Among so many runners...old couple caught the attention of many people.”可知，此处表达一对老夫妇，“old”为元音音素开头，用不定冠词an表示“一个”。故填an。 2．句意：他们是86岁的胡应福和77岁的王章敏。根据“They...86-year-old Hu Yingfu and 77-year-old Wang Zhangmin.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，be动词用were，表示“是”。故填were。 3．句意：事实上，这并不是这对夫妇第一次参加马拉松比赛。根据“In fact, this wasn’t the...time that the couple had taken part in the marathon.”可知，此处表达第一次，用序数词first表示顺序。故填first。 4．句意：起初，他们开始跑步是为了保持健康。根据“At first, they started running...fit.”可知，此处表达他们跑步的目的，用动词不定式to keep作目的状语，表示“为了保持”。故填to keep。 5．句意：令他们惊讶的是，王获得了第四名。根据“To...surprise, Wang won the fourth place.”可知，此处表达令他们惊讶的是，用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词surprise，表示“他们的”。故填their。 6．句意：2011年4月，这对夫妇在扬州安全地完成了他们的首次半程马拉松。根据“In April 2011, the couple finished their first half marathon...in Yangzhou.”可知，此处表达安全地完成，用副词safely修饰动词finished，表示“安全地”。故填safely。 7．句意：在接下来的十年里，他们每年都参加全国各地的许多比赛。根据“Over next ten years, they have taken part in many...across the country every year.”可知，此处表达许多比赛，用名词复数形式races表示泛指。故填races。 8．句意：并且他们已经完成了超过100场马拉松赛事。根据“And they have completed...than 100 marathon events.”可知，此处表达超过，more than表示“多于，超过”。故填more。 9．句意：他们已经跑了超过4万公里，并在许多全国性的体育赛事中赢得了203枚奖牌。根据“They have covered over 40,000 kilometers...won 203 medals in many national sports events.”可知，此处前后两个分句为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 10．句意：通过跑步，这对夫妇与其他跑步者交上了朋友，并且在他们的影响下，越来越多的年轻人加入了跑步的行列。根据“Through running, the couple have made friends...other runners”可知，此处表达交朋友，make friends with“与……交朋友”。故填with。 （六） The theme and main logo for the 2025 Spring Festival Gala were officially introduced 1 November 29, 2024. This great event is a 2 (celebrate) which marks the Year of the Snake in China. It will be filled with joy 3 Chinese culture. The theme for this 4 (year) gala is “Si Si (巳巳) Ru Yi, Sheng Sheng Bu Xi,” which carries deep cultural meanings. In traditional Chinese time system, a day 5 (divide) into 12 parts, and each part is two hours long. The period from 11 p.m. to l a.m. is the first part named “Zi Shi”, and “Si Shi” is the 6 (six) part of the day. It’s a time when everything seems to wake up and come to life. It creates a beautiful scene. Through the theme “Si Si Ru Yi”, the 2025 Spring Festival Gala looks forward to 7 (bring) good wishes to every family and the whole nation. “Sheng Sheng Bu Xi” means that life continues endlessly, showing the energy of the Chinese nation. The main logo is more creative and meaningful than the logo of last year. In detail, there are two “Si” characters put together in a mirror image, making it 8 (look) like double “Si”. This means good things will happen twice. It’s a nice way to connect the Snake Year with good luck and send best wishes to everyone. People are very 9 (excite) and can’t wait for the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. It’s going to be 10 wonderful show, full of music, dance, and fun, just like every year. 【答案】 1．on 2．celebration 3．and 4．year’s 5．is divided 6．sixth 7．bringing 8．look 9．excited 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了2025年春晚的主题 “巳巳如意，生生不息” 和主标识的创意设计、文化内涵，以及人们对这场充满音乐、舞蹈与乐趣的春晚的期待。 1．句意：2025年春节联欢晚会的主题和主标识于2024年11月29日正式公布。根据“November 29, 2024”可知，此处需要填一个介词来表示具体日期。在英语中，“on”用于具体的某一天前来表达时间。故填on。 2．句意：这个重大的活动是一场庆典，标志着中国的蛇年。根据“This great event is a...”可知，此处需要填一个名词。“celebrate”是动词，意为“庆祝”，其名词形式“celebration”表示“庆典、庆祝活动”。故填celebration。 3．句意：它将充满欢乐和中国文化。根据“joy”和“Chinese culture”可知，二者是并列关系，需要填一个并列连词。“and”用于连接两个并列的名词成分，符合“充满欢乐与文化”的语义逻辑，使句子结构完整。故填and。 4．句意：今年春晚的主题是“巳巳如意，生生不息”，这承载着深厚的文化内涵。根据“The theme for this...gala is...”可知，此处指“这场年度晚会”，修饰名词gala；此处需用名词所有格year’s修饰名词gala，意为“年度的”。故填year’s。 5．句意：在中国传统计时制度中，一天被分为12个时段，每个时段长两小时。根据“a day...into 12 parts”可知，“一天”是“被划分”的对象，二者是被动关系，需要用被动语态。句子描述的是传统制度，是客观事实，用一般现在时，被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”，“a day”是单数，be动词用“is”，“divide”的过去分词是“divided”。故填is divided。 6．句意：从晚上11点到凌晨1点的时段是第一个时段，称为“子时”，而“巳时”是一天中的第六个时段。根据“the”和“part”可知，此处需要填一个序数词来表示顺序。“six”是基数词，其序数词“sixth”表示“第六”。故填sixth。 7．句意：通过“巳巳如意”这一主题，2025年春晚期望为每个家庭和整个国家带来美好祝福。根据“looks forward to”可知，“to”是介词，介词后接动词时需用动名词形式。“bring”的动名词是“bringing”。故填bringing。 8．句意：具体来说，有两个“巳”字以镜像的方式放在一起，使其看起来像两个“巳”。根据“making it”可知，此处考查“make sb./sth. do sth.”，该结构中“do”用动词原形，表示“使某人/某物做某事”。“look”用原形即可。故填look。 9．句意：人们非常兴奋，迫不及待地想要观看2025年春晚。根据“People are very”可知，此处需要填一个形容词来描述人的感受。“excite”是动词，其形容词形式“excited”表示“（人）感到兴奋的”，此处主语是“People”，应用“excited”。故填excited。 10．句意：它将会是一场精彩的演出，充满音乐、舞蹈和乐趣，就像往年一样。根据“wonderful show”可知，“show”是可数名词单数，此处表示“一场演出”，需要填一个不定冠词。“wonderful”是以辅音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用“a”。故填a。 （七） It was close to midnight. In Taipan village, 1 small mountain village in Guizhou Province, a basketball game was taking place. 2 (thousand) of people filled the court. People often call this tournament (锦标赛) “Village BA”. The 28-year-old Ou Minghui, a local of Guizhou, led his team 3 (win) the championship and won MVP. Ou began playing basketball at the age of eight. 4 his job is farming, basketball remains his lifelong passion (热爱). Known as “grassroots players”, they mostly come 5 Taipan and nearby villages. They are farmers, cooks, and drivers. “Professionals have their dreams, and we have 6 (we), ” Ou said. The tournament started in August 2022 with 1, 200 villagers. Basketball has deep roots here—the first court 7 (build) in 1936. Since then, Taipan village 8 (hold) many tournaments. The top teams receive local livestock (牲畜) as a reward, like sheep, 9 (cow), and pigs. At halftime, local performances light up the court. For locals, Village BA is not 10 (simple) an important event—it’s a cultural festival. 【答案】 1．a 2．Thousands 3．to win 4．Although/Though/While 5．from 6．ours 7．was built 8．has held 9．cows 10．simply 【导语】本文介绍了贵州台盘村的“村BA”篮球赛事，讲述其举办情况、参赛人员、赛事历史、奖励以及赛事意义，展现 “村BA” 的独特魅力与深厚底蕴。 1．句意：在贵州省的一个小山村——台盘村，正在进行一场篮球比赛。根据“small mountain village in Guizhou Province”可知，small mountain village in Guizhou Province是对Taipan village的同位语解释，village是可数名词单数，此处表示“一个小山村”，用不定冠词a修饰，表泛指。故填a。 2．句意：数千人挤满了球场。根据“of people filled the court”可知，thousands of是固定短语，意为“数以千计的；成千上万的”，表示不确定的大量数量，句首首字母大写。故填Thousands。 3．句意：28岁的贵州本地人欧明辉带领他的球队赢得了冠军，并获得了最有价值球员称号。根据“led his team”可知，lead sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“带领某人做某事”。故填to win。 4．句意：虽然他的工作是务农，但篮球仍是他一生的热爱。根据“his job is farming, basketball remains his lifelong passion (热爱).”可知，前后句是让步关系，即工作是务农，却热爱篮球。Although/Though/While都可引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”。故填Although/Though/While。 5．句意：作为草根球员，他们大多来自台盘村和附近的村庄。根据“they mostly come”可知，come from是固定短语，意为“来自”，这里表示球员的来源地。故填from。 6．句意：欧明辉说：“专业人士有他们的梦想，我们有我们的梦想。”。根据“Professionals have their dreams, and we have”可知，此处用名词性物主代词ours表示，相当于our dreams，以免重复。故填ours。 7．句意：篮球在这里有着深厚的根基——第一块球场建于1936年。根据“the first court”可知，the first court和build是被动关系，表示球场被建造，且时间是过去，用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”；court是单数。故填was built。 8．句意：从那以后，台盘村举办了许多场赛事。根据“Since then, Taipan village”可知，Since then是现在完成时的标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语Taipan village是单数。故填has held。 9．句意：顶尖球队会获得当地牲畜作为奖励，比如羊、牛和猪。根据“The top teams receive local livestock (牲畜) as a reward, like sheep,”可知，这里cow用复数cows表类别，与sheep和pigs并列。故填cows。 10．句意：对当地人来说，“村BA”不只是一项重要赛事——它是一场文化节日。根据“Village BA is not”可知，修饰系动词is用副词，simple的副词形式是simply，意为“仅仅；只”。故填simply。 （八） Around the 15th United Nations Chinese Language Day, which fell on April 20, some foreign students of Xi’an International Studies University gathered with Chinese students. Practicing and enjoying Chinese characters together has been a tradition for some foreign Chinese 1 (speaker) and Chinese teachers to get together to mark the United Nations Chinese Language Day. Chinese famous writer Lu Xun in 1930 2 (say) that the beauty of Chinese characters lay in three ways: their meanings educated the mind, their sounds pleased the ears, and their appearances pleased 3 eyes. Another writer Yu Guangzhong also praised Chinese characters highly. The history of Chinese characters can date back over 3,000 years. Different kinds 4 characters were developed, such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu, and kaishu 5 (improve) beauty and writing efficiency (效率). The beauty of Chinese characters is still clear and popular today. Many Chinese characters not only carry meanings but also have cultural significance (意义) passed down through history. Therefore, they are symbols of Chinese 6 (tradition) culture. Through them, we can closely connect the past, present, and future of 7 (we) country. 8 (recent), according to a survey, more than 30 million people worldwide are learning Chinese. Now, the language 9 (teach) in over 190 countries and areas. The culture of Chinese characters is better understood and enjoyed worldwide 10 more people can speak Chinese. 【答案】 1．speakers 2．said 3．the 4．of 5．to improve 6．traditional 7．our 8． Recently 9．is taught 10．as 【导语】本文介绍了在联合国中文日期间，外国学生与中国学生共同学习汉字的活动，以及汉字的历史、特点、文化意义和全球学习现状。 1．句意：对于一些外国中文使用者和中文教师来说，一起练习和欣赏汉字已经成为他们相聚纪念联合国中文日的传统。根据“some foreign Chinese”可知，some后接可数名词复数，speaker表示“说话者”，此处指中文使用者，所以复数形式speakers符合语境，故填speakers。 2．句意：中国著名作家鲁迅在1930年说过，汉字的美在于三个方面：它们的含义教化思想，它们的读音悦耳动听，它们的外形赏心悦目。根据“in 1930”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，say的过去式said符合语境，故填said。 3．句意：中国著名作家鲁迅在1930年说过，汉字的美在于三个方面：它们的含义教化思想，它们的读音悦耳动听，它们的外形赏心悦目。根据“their appearances pleased…eyes”可知，此处表示特指人们的眼睛，定冠词the用于特指，所以要用the修饰eyes，故填the。 4．句意：发展出了不同种类的汉字，如篆书、隶书、草书和楷书。根据“Different kinds…characters were developed”可知，different kinds of表示“不同种类的”符合语境，故填of。 5．句意：发展出了不同种类的汉字，如篆书、隶书、草书和楷书，以提高美感和书写效率。根据“such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu, and kaishu…beauty and writing efficiency”可知，句中已有谓语动词were developed，此处表示目的，要用动词不定式to do结构，所以用to improve表示“为了提高”，故填to improve。 6．句意：因此，它们是中国传统文化的象征。根据“they are symbols of Chinese…culture”可知，此处需要用形容词修饰名词culture，tradition的形容词形式traditional“传统的”符合语境，故填traditional。 7．句意：通过它们，我们可以紧密连接我们国家的过去、现在和未来。根据“we can closely connect the past, present, and future of…country”可知，此处需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词country，we的形容词性物主代词our“我们的”符合语境，故填our。 8．句意：最近，一项调查显示，全球有超过3000万人在学习中文。根据“…, according to a survey”可知，此处需要用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，recent的副词形式为Recently“最近”符合语境，句首首字母大写，故填Recently。 9．句意：现在，这门语言在190多个国家和地区被教授。根据“Now, the language…in over 190 countries and areas”可知，主语the language和动词teach之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done结构；由Now可知，句子时态为一般现在时，the language是单数，be动词用is，teach的过去分词是taught符合语境，故填is taught。 10．句意：随着更多人会说中文，汉字文化在世界范围内被更好地理解和欣赏。根据“The culture of Chinese characters is better understood and enjoyed worldwide…more people can speak Chinese”可知，此处表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句，as符合语境，故填as。 （九） China’s first popular science book, Baguang Has Silver-Leaf Mangroves, has just been published. Liu Yi wrote it 1 (encourage) people to protect the trees. He 2 (support) them in Dapeng, Shenzhen, since 2009. The book shows how the seeds (种子) arrived, grew into 3 trees, and how the Baguang Nature School and its 4 (volunteer) care for the ancient trees. It is suitable for children and non-scientists because it 5 (write) in an easy-to-understand way. Mangroves are important for 6 (coast) areas. They clean water, protect coasts, and support wildlife. The silver-leaf mangroves in Yanzao are the oldest and 7 (healthy) in the world. The oldest tree is 524 years old. These trees protect the village 8 storms. The book is a useful guide for anyone who wants to know 9 they can do to learn about and help protect silver-leaf mangroves. It answers questions about mangroves and 10 (they) plants and animals and how to study them. 【答案】 1．to encourage 2．has supported/has been supporting 3．the 4．volunteers 5．is written 6．coastal 7．healthiest 8．from/against 9．what 10．their 【导语】本文介绍了中国第一本科普书《坝光有片银叶树》，该书由刘毅所写，旨在鼓励人们保护银叶树。书中介绍了银叶树的种子如何到达、如何长成树木，以及坝光自然学校和志愿者如何照顾这些古树。同时，文章还强调了红树林对沿海地区的重要性，以及银叶树在保护村庄免受风暴侵袭方面的作用。 1．句意：刘毅写这本书是为了鼓励人们保护这些树。根据“wrote it”可知，此处表示写书的目的，因此用不定式“to encourage”作目的状语。故填to encourage。 2．句意：自2009年以来，他一直在深圳大鹏支持他们。根据“since 2009”可知，此处描述的是从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，且可能继续持续下去，因此用现在完成时或现在完成进行时“has supported/ has been supporting”。故填has supported/ has been supporting。 3．句意：这本书展示了种子是如何到达、长成树木的，以及坝光自然学校和它的志愿者们是如何照顾这些古树的。根据“grew into”可知，此处特指前面提到的种子长成的树木，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 4．句意：同上。根据“its”可知，此处表示坝光自然学校的志愿者们，且志愿者不止一个，因此用复数形式“volunteers”。故填volunteers。 5．句意：它适合儿童和非科学家，因为它是以一种容易理解的方式写的。根据“it”和“write”之间是被动关系，且描述的是书的特性，因此用一般现在时的被动语态“is written”。故填is written。 6．句意：红树林对沿海地区很重要。根据“areas”可知，此处表示沿海地区，因此用形容词“coastal”修饰。故填coastal。 7．句意：盐灶的银叶树是世界上最古老、最健康的。根据“the oldest and”可知，此处表示银叶树是最古老且最健康的，因此用最高级形式“healthiest”。故填healthiest。 8．句意：这些树保护村庄免受风暴的侵袭。根据“protect the village”可知，此处表示保护村庄免受风暴的侵袭，因此用介词“from/ against”表示“免受”。故填from/ against。 9．句意：这本书对于任何想知道他们能做什么来了解和帮助保护银叶树的人来说都是一本有用的指南。根据“know”可知，此处表示想知道的内容，且该内容在句中作“do”的宾语，因此用连接词“what”引导宾语从句。故填what。 10．句意：它回答了关于红树林及其动植物以及如何研究它们的问题。根据“plants and animals”可知，此处表示红树林的动植物，因此用形容词性物主代词“their”修饰。故填their。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 冠词/介词/名词 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 5 ★ 考点一 名词 5 ★ 考点二 冠词 9 ★ 考点三 介词 14 04 优题精选·练能提分 19 考点 课标要求与复习目标 命题预测 解题锦囊 名词 课标要求： • 掌握可数名词的单复数形式（规则与不规则）。 • 掌握不可数名词的用法及其量的表达。 • 掌握名词所有格（’s及of结构）。 复习目标： 1. 清晰区分可数与不可数名词。 2. 熟练掌握名词复数变形及所有格用法。 3. 能在语境中准确选用名词并符合主谓一致。 1. 语境辨析：在完形填空中考查词义名词（如explore/operate）的语义区分。 2. 综合运用：在语法填空中，需根据主谓一致或上下文逻辑判断名词的单复数形式。趋势：更注重在真实语篇中考查名词的准确应用能力。 锦囊1：可数不可数“三步法” 一判：根据搭配（a/an, two）和常识判断。 二变：可数名词记清规则（-s/-es/-ies）与不规则（child→children）变化。 三量：不可数名词用“量词+of”表达（a piece of advice）。 锦囊2：所有格“看关系” ’s：有生命的人/物、时间、距离（my sister’s room, ten minutes’ walk）。 of：无生命的事物（the door of the car）。 双重：a friend of my father’s（强调所属中的一员）。 冠词 课标要求： • 掌握不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词的基本用法与区别。 复习目标： 1. 掌握三类冠词的核心使用规则。 2. 熟记含冠词的固定搭配。 3. 能在语篇中根据“泛指/特指”逻辑准确选用冠词。 1. 固定搭配：考查习惯用语中的冠词（play the piano, in bed）。 2. 逻辑判断：在语篇题中，设置语境考查对泛指（a/an）、特指（the）和零冠词的辨析。 3. 综合难点：结合序数词、最高级、抽象名词具体化（have a good time）等规则设题。趋势：强调语言的地道性与思维的逻辑性。 锦囊1：独一无二用the 用于宇宙、方位、乐器、序数词、最高级、上文提及或双方已知的事物前（the sun, the first, the best）。 锦囊2：语篇线索法 首提用a/an（引入一个），再提用the（指代上文那个）。这是完形填空的关键线索。 锦囊3：翻译辅助法 将句子关键部分快速翻译，体会“一个/这个/不用”的差异，辅助判断泛指或特指。 介词 课标要求： • 掌握表示时间、地点、方式等常见介词的基本用法。 • 了解常见介词短语的意义和用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握核心介词（如in/on/at）的辨析。 2. 积累高频“动/形/名+介词”固定搭配。 3. 能在语境中根据逻辑关系选择正确介词。 1. 基础辨析：在单项选择中考查时间、地点、方式等核心介词的区别。 2. 固定搭配（高频）：考查“动词/形容词/名词+介词”的固定结构（look forward to, be good at）。 3. 语篇逻辑：在完形填空中，考查介词所表达的方位、时间、原因等上下文逻辑关系。趋势：更注重介词在真实语境中的表意功能。 锦囊1：时间介词“长in，短on，点at” in + 年/月/季节/早午晚（较长时段）； on + 具体某日/带修饰的早午晚（on Monday morning）； at + 钟点/片刻（at 7:00, at noon）。 锦囊2：搭配“记整体” 将“动/形/名+介词”作为整体记忆（listen to, be afraid of, the key to）。这是解题关键。 锦囊3：逻辑推理法 在语篇中，分析空格前后成分的关系（表地点？方式？原因？），选择能准确表达该逻辑关系的介词。 考点一 名词 1.名词单数变复数规则 规则分类 构成方法 例词 特别注意 规则变化 1. 直接加 -s book → books, desk → desks 最普遍规则 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾，加 -es bus → buses, box → boxes, dish → dishes, watch → watches 发音需求 /ɪz/ 3. 以 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 -es city → cities, baby → babies 注意：元音+y 直接加s：boy → boys 4. 以 o 结尾，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s potato → potatoes, tomato → tomatoes; photo → photos, piano → pianos 中考高频易错：牢记 hero, Negro, tomato, potato 加-es（可记口诀：英雄和黑人爱吃土豆西红柿） 5. 以 f 或 fe 结尾，变 f/fe 为 v，再加 -es leaf → leaves, knife → knives, wife → wives 常见需变的有：leaf, thief, wolf, half, life, knife, shelf, self, wife。直接加s的例外：roof → roofs, belief → beliefs, chief → chiefs 不规则变化 1. 改变内部元音 man → men, woman → women, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice 注意：German → Germans（区别于man） 2. 单复同形 sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, jin（斤）, yuan（元） 注意：fish表种类时加-es：fishes 3. 特殊变化 child → children, ox → oxen 必须熟记 复合名词 1. 将主体名词变为复数 passer-by → passers-by（过路人）, son-in-law → sons-in-law（女婿） 2. 无主体名词，在最后加-s grown-up → grown-ups（成年人） 3. 由man/woman构成的，前后都变 woman teacher → women teachers, man doctor → men doctors 常考特殊形式 1. 形复实单：看起来像复数，实际作单数 news（新闻）, physics（物理）, the United States（美国） 谓语用单数 2. 形单实复：看起来像单数，实际作复数 people（人们）, police（警察） 谓语用复数 注意：a people 指“一个民族” 3. 只有复数形式 clothes（衣服）, trousers（裤子）, glasses（眼镜）, scissors（剪刀） 谓语用复数，量词用 pair：a pair of trousers 4. 集合名词：强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数 family, class, team My family is large.（我家是个大家庭。） My family are watching TV.（家人在看电视。） 根据语境判断 2.名词所有格 类型 构成与用法 例词/例句 特别注意 -‘s 所有格 (有生命、时间、距离等) 1. 单数名词后加 -‘s Tom’s book, my sister’s room 2. 复数名词： - 以s结尾的，加 -‘ - 不以s结尾的，加 -‘s teachers’ office（老师们的办公室） Children’s Day（儿童节） 易错点：区分 Lucy and Lily’s room（共用一间）与 Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms（各自一间） 3. 用于时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等 today’s newspaper（今天的报纸）, ten minutes’ walk（十分钟的步行）, China’s development（中国的发展） of 所有格 (无生命、抽象概念) 结构：名词 + of + 名词 the window of the room（房间的窗户）, the name of the film（电影的名字） 常用于无生命事物，或有较长修饰语时：the support of the people all over the country 双重所有格 结构：a/an/数词/this/that… + 名词 + of + -‘s所有格/名词性物主代词 a friend of my father’s（我父亲的一个朋友） that book of hers（她的那本书） 核心考点： 1. 表示其中之一（部分概念）。 2. 带有感情色彩（赞赏或厌恶）。 3. of 后的名词必须为特指且有生命。 3. 名词的后缀以及变形 变形方向 常见后缀 例词 释义 动词/形容词 → 名词 -er/-or（…者，从事…的人） teach → teacher, work → worker, act → actor, visit → visitor 教师，工人，演员，参观者 -ist（…家，…主义者） art → artist, science → scientist, piano → pianist 艺术家，科学家，钢琴家 -ment（表行为、状态、结果） develop → development, agree → agreement, move → movement 发展，同意，运动 -tion/-sion（表行为、状态） invent → invention, decide → decision, discuss → discussion 发明，决定，讨论 -ness（表性质、状态） happy → happiness, ill → illness, kind → kindness 幸福，疾病，善良 -th（表状态、性质） true → truth, long → length, warm → warmth 真理，长度，温暖 -ance/-ence（表状态、性质） appear → appearance, differ → difference, important → importance 出现，不同，重要性 -y/-ty/-ity（表性质、状态） difficult → difficulty, safe → safety, possible → possibility 困难，安全，可能性 -ing（表动作、结果、材料） build → building, paint → painting, feel → feeling 建筑，绘画，感觉 名词/动词 → 名词 -ship（表状态、身份、关系） friend → friendship, leader → leadership, member → membership 友谊，领导地位，成员资格 -dom（表状态、领域） free → freedom, king → kingdom 自由，王国 【应试技巧】 1. 审题三步法： 判可数：首先判断该名词在此语境中是否可数。抽象、物质名词通常不可数。 定单复：如果是可数名词，根据主谓一致、固定搭配（如one of...后接复数）、数量词（如many, a few后用复数）来确定单复数。 选格：如果需要表示“所属关系”，根据有生命/无生命、时间/距离等选择正确的所有格形式。 2. 主谓一致黄金法则： 形复实单名词（news, physics）作主语，谓语用单数。 集合名词（family, team）强调整体用单数，强调个体成员用复数。 “a number of + 复数名词” 谓语用复数（许多…）；“the number of + 复数名词” 谓语用单数（…的数量）。 3. 易错点清单： 以o结尾的复数：记准加-es的四个词（hero, Negro, tomato, potato）。 不规则复数：熟记 man→men, child→children, foot→feet, mouse→mice 等。 所有格与名词作定语：女教师是 women teachers，但鞋店是 shoe shop（名词直接作定语，用单数）。 双重所有格：a friend of my father’s 强调“我父亲朋友中的一个” 1．（2025·湖南省卷）The wood was shipped by ________ (worker) to the city for tall buildings. 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Still, many people don’t want to read them _____because___ they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great ________ (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. 3．（2024·湖南长沙卷）Peonies say, "You are special to me." They are also a symbol of wealth and 　 　(rich). 4．（2025·湖南长郡教育集团·期中）My heart is full of           (excite) because I can’t wait to show them how much fun this Chinese festival will be. 5．（2025·甘肃兰州）Today is my ________ (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 考点二 冠词 1. 不定冠词 a/an 的用法 基本功能：表示“一个”，用于泛指单数可数名词。 用法分类 说明与例句 特别注意与易错点 基本用法 1. 首次提到或泛指某一类人或事物中的一个。 • I saw a dog in the park. 2. 表示“每一个”，相当于per。 • He goes home twice a week. a 和 an 的选择唯一标准：读音。 • 以元音音素开头的词前用 an：an hour, an honest boy, an umbrella。 • 以辅音音素开头的词前用 a：a university, a European country, a useful book。 抽象化具体 使抽象名词具体化，表示“一种、一场、一次”等。 • It’s a pleasure to help you.（一件乐事） • The heavy rain was a disaster for farmers.（一场灾难） 区分： • Knowledge is power.（知识，抽象，不可数） • He has a good knowledge of history.（一门知识，具体化） 固定搭配 用于大量固定短语中。 • have a cold/fever/headache • in a hurry, all of a sudden, as a result, have a try, keep a diary 必须逐个记忆，无规律可循。 2. 定冠词the的用法 基本功能：表示“这个/那个/这些/那些”，用于特指双方都知道的人或事物。 用法分类 说明与例句 特别注意与易错点 特指用法 1. 上文已提过的人或事物。 • I bought a book. The book is very interesting. 2. 被限定性修饰语（如介词短语、定语从句）明确限定的名词前。 • The girl in red is my sister. • This is the house where I was born. 中考完形填空高频考点：首次出现用 a/an，再次提到用 the。 唯一事物 表示世界上独一无二的事物。 • the sun, the moon, the earth, the world 但：Space（太空）前通常不用冠词。 序数词/最高级 用在序数词、形容词最高级及 only, same, very 等词前。 • the first day, the tallest boy • This is the only chance. 注意：当序数词表示“又一”时用 a/an：He tried a second time.（他又试了一次。） 乐器类 演奏西洋乐器时，乐器前加 the。 • play the piano/violin/guitar 但：中国传统乐器前常不加 the：play erhu（拉二胡）。球类/棋类运动前不加：play basketball/chess。 全体类别 the + 形容词：表示一类人。 • the rich（富人）, the poor（穷人）, the young（年轻人） 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 江河湖海、山脉群岛 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 • the Yellow River, the West Lake, the Himalayas, the British Isles 对比：单个山、湖前不加 the：Mount Tai, Lake Erie。 姓氏复数 the + 姓氏复数：表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 • The Greens are having dinner. 谓语用复数。 年代/发明 the + 逢十的复数年份：表示某个年代。 • in the 1990s (the nineteen nineties) • 用于被发明的物品前：The computer was invented in the 20th century. 固定搭配 • in the morning/afternoon/evening • on the left/right, at the moment, by the way, all the time, at the same time 需强化记忆。 3.零冠词的用法 即名词前不用任何冠词的情况。 用法分类 说明与例句 特别注意与易错点 泛指的复数名词和不可数名词 表示一类事物或泛指概念。 • Cats are lovely animals. • Water is essential for life. 这是零冠词最根本的用法。 专有名词 人名、国家、城市、街道、节日等前。 • John, China, Beijing, Wall Street, Christmas 例外：由普通名词组成的专有名词需加 the：the United States。 三餐、学科、语言 • have breakfast/lunch/dinner • study Math/English/History • speak Chinese/Japanese 但：当三餐被定语修饰时，要加冠词：a big breakfast, the lunch I had yesterday。 称呼、头衔 表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。 • He was elected monitor of our class. • President Lincoln was a great leader. 季节、月份、星期 • in spring/summer • in January, on Monday 但：被限定性定语修饰时加 the：the spring of 2020。 交通方式 by + 交通工具（名词用单数，无冠词）。 • by bus/bike/train/car/air/sea 对比：用其他介词则需冠词：on a bus, in a car, take the train。 运动游戏 进行球类、棋类运动时。 • play football/basketball/chess 与演奏乐器严格区分。 固定搭配 • go to school/church/hospital（强调功能） • at home/school, on foot, in bed/trouble, day after day 对比：当这些地点名词表示具体建筑物时，需加冠词：go to the school（去学校这个地点，不一定是上学）。 4. 冠词位置与特殊情况 1. 位置： 通常放在名词或名词修饰语前。 what/such/half + a/an + (adj.) + N：What a nice day! Such an interesting book! Half an hour. as/so/too/how + adj. + a/an + N：It’s too difficult a problem. He is so kind a man. all/both + the + N：all the students, both the parents。 2. 特殊情况对比： 情况 用 the 用 a/an 不用冠词 季节 in the spring of 2024（特指） It was a cold winter.（一个寒冷的冬天） in spring（泛指） 三餐 The breakfast was delicious.（特指那顿） I had a quick lunch.（一顿） have breakfast（泛指活动） 学校等 go to the school（去学校这个地方） He works at a school.（一所学校） go to school（上学，强调目的） 疾病 have a cold/fever/headache（小病） 【应试技巧】 1. “四步判断法”做题：  判可数：空格后的名词是可数还是不可数，单数还是复数？  判泛指/特指：这个名词是首次提到、类别泛指（用a/an/零），还是上文提过、被限定、双方都知道（用the）？  查固定：是否属于固定搭配（如play the piano, by bus）？ 核特殊：是否属于季节、三餐、头衔、专有名词等零冠词情况？ 2. 高频考点黄金法则： 可数单数名词前，必须有冠词（或形容词性物主代词等限定词）。这是检查单选题是否漏用冠词的关键。 the 与 a/an 的根本区别在于“特指” vs “泛指”。在完形填空中，追踪名词是第几次出现。 play + 球类/棋类（零冠词）；play + the + 西洋乐器。口诀：“打球下棋不要the，弹琴拉琴要加the”。 by + 交通工具（零冠词单数）；on/in/a + 交通工具。 3. 易错点清单： 元音音素开头用an：重点记忆 an hour, an honest boy, an umbrella。 抽象名词具体化：success（成功，抽象）→ a success（一个成功的人/事）。 the + 形容词表一类人：the poor 作主语，谓语用复数。 表示“又一个”用a/an+序数词：a second chance。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）Long, long ago, there was a city called Jijiaocheng, so named because it was said to have been built at daybreak. _______ city was on the rich Liyang Plain (平原). 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at ________ same time. 3．（2024·湖南省卷）I started by washing dishes when I was only 18. I worked hard, and soon became 　 　 waiter. 4．（2025·湖南长沙北雅中学·月考）Studying English for          hour once a week isn’t usually enough to make any real progress.  5．（2025·湖南长沙湘郡培粹实验中学·开学考）Dreams of flying to the moon has deep roots in Chinese culture. According to     3     ancient story, Chang’e was a fairy who     took    (take) a special drink that gave her the ability to fly to the moon.  考点三 介词 1. 核心介词的基本用法（时间、地点、方式） 1. 表示时间 介词 用法说明 例句与易错点 at 1. 确切的钟点：at 7 o’clock 2. 短暂的时刻：at noon/night/midnight 3. 年龄：at the age of 12 4. 固定搭配：at the moment, at present, at the same time 核心：用于时间点或视为时间点的短暂时段。 on 1. 具体的某一天/日期：on Monday, on May 1st 2. 特定某天的上午/下午/晚上：on Sunday morning, on a cold night 3. 纪念日：on my birthday, on New Year’s Day 易错：区分 in the morning（泛指）和 on a rainy morning（特指）。 in 1. 较长的时间段（年/月/季节/世纪）：in 2024, in July, in summer, in the 21st century 2. 一天中的一部分（泛指）：in the morning/afternoon/evening 3. “在…之后”（接一段时间）：I’ll be back in ten minutes.（十分钟后） 核心：用于时间段。“in + 时间段”表示将来，意为“…之后”。 for 持续一段时间，强调时长。 • I have lived here for five years. 回答 How long...? 的提问。 since 自过去某一点时间开始至今，常与完成时连用。 • He has worked here since 2010. 后接 时间点（since 1999）或 句子（since I came here）。 by “到…为止；不迟于”，表示截止时间。 • You must finish the work by Friday. 常与完成时连用：by now, by the end of last year。 during “在…期间”，强调整个时间段内的某一点或整段。 • He fell asleep during the meeting. 后接表示特定期间的名词（during the holiday, during the war）。 until/till “直到…为止”，表示动作或状态持续到某一时刻。 • Wait here until I come back. 否定句中意为“直到…才”：I didn’t go to bed until midnight. 2. 表示地点、方位与范围 介词 用法说明 例句与易错点 at 1. 较小、具体的地点（视为一个点）：at the bus stop, at the door, at home 2. 门牌号：at 123 Main Street 与in对比：at school（在学校上学），in the school（在学校这个建筑物里）。 in 1. 较大的地点、空间范围（国家、城市、房间等）：in China, in the park, in the room 2. 在…里面：in the box, in the newspaper 3. “在…上”（指印刷在纸/书上）：There is a picture in the book. 核心：强调“在…内部”或有明确边界。 on 1. 在…表面（有接触）：on the desk, on the wall 2. 在（街道、海岸线等）旁：on the road, on the river 3. “在…上”（指内容在媒介表面）：Write your name on the paper. 4. 表示左右边：on the left/right 易混：树上有苹果 on the tree（树本身长出的）；树上有只鸟 in the tree（外来物落在树上）。 above “在…上方”，不一定是正上方，无接触。 • The plane is flying above the clouds. 反义词：below（在…下方，不一定是正下方）。 over 1. 垂直正上方（可有接触，也可无）：The bridge is over the river. 2. 覆盖：Put a cloth over the table. 3. 超过（数量）：over 100 people 与above辨析：over强调垂直关系，above仅表示高于。 under 垂直正下方，是over的反义词。 • The cat is under the table. 反义词：over。 between “在两者之间”。• between you and me 强调一对一的关系。 among “在三者或以上之中”。• He is the tallest among us. 强调在群体之中。 across 1. 横穿（从表面）：walk across the street 2. 在…对面：My house is across the river. 强调从一边到另一边。 through “穿过（从内部空间）”：go through the forest/tunnel 强调“穿透、贯通”。 past “经过（地点）”：go past the post office 表示从旁边经过。 3. 表示方式、原因、关于等其他关系 介词 用法说明 例句与易错点 by 1. “通过…方式、手段”：by bike, by doing sth. 2. “被…（被动语态施动者）”：written by Shakespeare 核心：表方式时，后接名词单数且无冠词（by bus），或接动名词。 with 1. “用…工具、器官”（强调具体工具）：write with a pen, see with eyes 2. “和…一起”：go with me 3. “带有、具有”：a girl with big eyes 与by辨析：with 强调有形工具，by 强调抽象方式或交通手段。 in 1. “用…语言、材料、方式”：in English, in ink, in this way 2. “穿着”：a man in black for 1. “为了…（目的）”：buy a gift for you 2. “因为…”（表示原因）：Thank you for your help. 3. “对于…来说”：It’s easy for me. 与of辨析：It’s kind of you.（你人善良，品质与主语‘你’相关） It’s important for you.（这对你重要，与宾语‘你’相关） of 1. “…的”（表示所属、材料）：a map of China, a cup of tea 2. “关于…”：a story of adventure 3. “由…组成”：be made of（看出原材料） 与from辨析：made of（物理变化，可见原料），made from（化学变化，原料不可见）。 about “关于…”（内容较普通、通俗）。 • a book about animals 与on辨析：a book on environment（学术性、专业性更强的“关于”）。 like “像…一样”。 • He looks like his father. 反义词：unlike（不像）。 2. 常考近义介词辨析（中考高频易错点） 辨析组 核心区别 典型例句 in / on / at (表时间) at 点，on 天，in 段，时刻牢记在心间。 at 3pm, on Monday, in October in / on / at (表地点) at 小点，in 大圈，on 表面紧相连。 at the gate, in Beijing, on the wall between / among between 两者间，among 三者及以上。 between A and B; among the trees across / through across 表面横穿过，through 内部穿隧道。 across the road; through the forest by / with (表方式) by 方式或交通，with 工具握手中。 by car; with a key for / since (表时间) for 时长，since 起点，完成时态常相伴。 for two hours; since 8 o’clock besides / except besides 是“包含”，except 是“把…减”。 Besides Tom, we all went.（Tom也去了） We all went except Tom.（Tom没去） 3. 核心固定搭配归纳 搭配类型 常见搭配举例 动词+介词 look at/for/after/into, listen to, belong to, agree with, think of/about, wait for, depend on, talk about, laugh at 形容词+介词 be good at, be interested in, be proud of, be afraid of, be famous for, be different from, be full of, be sorry for, be strict with/in 名词+介词 the key to, the answer to, the reason for, a visit to, thanks to, a way of 介词短语 at home, in time, on time, by the way, in front of, instead of, because of, at the end of, in order to 【应试技巧】 1. “三步判断法”解题： 第一步：判搭配。空格前后的动词、形容词、名词是否与某个介词构成固定搭配？（如：listen _， 必填to） 第二步：析关系。如果不属于固定搭配，分析介词后的名词/代词与句子其他部分的逻辑关系。表时间？用at/on/in/for等。表地点/方位？用in/on/at/under等。表方式/原因/关于？用by/with/for/about等。 第三步：辨易混。在选定大致范围后，仔细辨析近义介词的细微差别（如 across vs through）。 2. 黄金法则： 看到 “一段时间”，先考虑 for, during, in（看具体语境）。 看到 “完成时” + 时间，考虑 since（接点时间）或 for（接段时间）。 “动词+宾语+介词” 结构是考查重点，务必背熟（如：spend...on, prevent...from）。 在完形填空中，介词选择要紧密联系上下文语境，尤其是表示方位变化的动词链（如 go into, jump onto）。 3. 易错点清单： “在树上”：on the tree（树本身长的），in the tree（外来的）。 “在报纸上”：in the newspaper（内容），on the newspaper（物理位置，如杯子放在报纸上）。 “用…”：by bus（方式），with a pen（工具），in English（语言）。 “为、给”：buy sth. for sb.（为某人买），make sth. for sb.（为某人做）。 “…的答案/钥匙”：the key/answer to the question，不用of。 1．（2025·湖南省卷）The scroll was part of a huge project. A group of artists spent two years _______ it. 2．（2025·湖南长沙卷）Are you interested ________ learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. 3．（2024·湖南省卷）There's also a special menu 　 　 children on Saturdays and that's when we serve traditional food. 4．（2025·湖南长沙北雅中学·开学考）A few months later, a big flood (洪灾) came to the village. The water rose quickly and many houses were washed away. Tom and the villagers were           great danger. 5．（2025·湖南怀化四校联考·期中）My family began to understand the reason why I fall in love          TCM.  一、写出下列名词的复数形式。 单数形式 复数形式 单数形式 复数形式 city baby key watch box bus photo piano radio zoo potato tomato hero knife leaf wolf shelf man woman foot tooth mouse child person sheep deer fish Chinese Japanese country family story day monkey boy toy brush class dress woman teacher 二、填写正确的冠词形式。 中文句子 英文填空 中文句子 英文填空 一个有用的工具  useful tool 一个诚实的男孩  honest boy 弹钢琴 play   piano 打篮球 play  basketball 在晚上 in  evening 每小时六十公里 sixty kilometers   hour 地球上 on   earth 吃早餐 have breakfast 顺便问一下 by  way 患感冒 have   cold 在第五页 on   fifth page 红色的那本书  red book 乘坐公共汽车 by   bus 北京大学的学生  student of Peking University 太阳和月亮  sun and   moon 一年一次 once   year 穷人  poor 相同的大小  same size 立刻 at   once 几分钟前  few minutes ago 三、填写正确的介词。 中文短语 英文填空 中文短语 英文填空 等待…… wait  嘲笑…… laugh  到达……（大地点） arrive  到达…（小地点） arrive  属于…… belong  谈论…… talk  同意……（某人） agree  擅长…… be good  对……感兴趣 be interested  为……感到自豪 be proud  担心…… worry  听……（声音） listen 期待…… look forward  照顾…… look  寻找…… look  依赖…… depend  收到……的来信 hear  与……不同 be different  来自…… come  花时间（金钱）在 spend …  四、语法填空 （一） Though health is important, plenty of teenagers have serious health problems. Take my friend Lucy as an example. She always 1 (eat) too much junk food last year, and she had a bad stomachache. This forces me to think about what causes such problems and how to develop healthy living habits. In our daily life, we teenagers have so many health problems 2 we often make wrong choices. For example, many teenagers choose to spend too much time watching TV or playing phone games instead of sparing time to exercise or take 3 walk with friends, so they are facing lots of serious health problems. This makes it necessary to change their unhealthy lifestyle. 4 (keep) healthy, we should spend less time on screens and more time exercising. Activities like running, swimming, and playing ball games can help keep our bodies in good shape. Also, it is important to keep good 5 (society) relationships. Spending time with friends and 6 (communicate) with teachers can be good for our mental (心理的) health. Friends can bring happiness and 7 (laugh), while teachers can offer valuable advice and support. What’s more, a balanced diet (均衡的饮食) and enough sleep are also the key to keeping healthy. All in all, we should make choices 8 (wise). Good health comes from good habits. 9 an important thing it is to have good living habits! As for me, I’ll choose to live healthily and make 10 (I) life better. I’ll eat healthily and exercise for half an hour every day from now on! （二） Are you looking for an exciting vacation? How about 1 (explore) Ningxia? Ningxia is in 2 northwest of China. It is an 3 (amaze) place in many ways. Tan sheep Ningxia is 1 (know) for Tan sheep. Grass and 2 (leaf) are their favourite food. Tan sheep are treasures all over. The sheep meat tastes delicious. The soft wool (羊毛) is perfect for making sweaters, scarves 3 gloves. Two special plants Goji berry (枸杞) and liquorice (甘草) are two special plants in Ningxia. They are both 1 (wide) used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goji berry can help keep eyes healthy. Liquorice is usually used to stop coughing. Goji berry and liquorice are also used for cooking. Local people often put 2 (they) in soup or tea.   Interesting places Ningxia is full 1 interesting places to visit. At Shapotou, you can take a sheepskin raft (羊皮筏子) on the Yellow River. For movie fans, Zhenbeibu West China Film Studio is the 2 (good) choice. Chinese movies march towards the world from here. Besides, Helan Mountain is also worth visiting. You can enjoy the beautiful rock paintings and feel close to nature there. （三） Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and 2 (break) a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And 3 kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not 4 (give) up. Her goal was to be 5 youngest person to row across the Atlantic. For Zara, the trip was also a chance to see nature as few people ever do. She saw dolphins, sharks, and even killer whales. One time, she 6 (hit) by a flying fish. She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay 7 her for life. After 97 days, she 8 (successful) arrived in Guiana, on the coast of South America on February 1st, 2025. “I went through a hard time. It took a 9 (long) time than I had expected, 10 I’m still proud of my effort,” Zara says. （四） With the rising popularity of hanfu, a 30-year-old girl named JongMay has won the hearts of three million online fans. Her story is 1 (close) connected to her parents, and their love for China shaped the environment she grew up in. About 40 years ago, her parents, from Wisconsin, the US, began to work as English teachers in Liaoning. In 2 (day) life, they often talked about the kindness of people around and became part of the local community soon. Also, her father 3 (choose) to play a role by a director in a TV series based on Red Star Over China. JongMay and her parents celebrated the Spring Festival with Chinese families for the first time when she 4 (be) six years old. JongMay’s love for Chinese culture became 5 (deep) as she watched more historical dramas and movies. Her parents used to encourage her to keep 6 (diary) in Chinese and share her thoughts with friends. She once said, “I want to experience China with the eyes of 7 (I) own.” At the age of 12, the girl came back to Beijing for high school, and later studied Chinese dance at college. Over the years, more people around the world have been greatly 8 (interest) in China. They create different nice works on social media. JongMay thinks hanfu represents China’s rich history and culture. 9 (build) bridges between different cultures and other traditional customs through hanfu, she turned her love for China into a successful career. So far, she 10 (learn) to enjoy and value all kinds of cultures, which enriches her life in both body and mind. （五） At the end of 2023, Hefei held a marathon. Among so many runners, 1 old couple caught the attention of many people. They 2 (be) 86-year-old Hu Yingfu and 77-year-old Wang Zhangmin. Hu finished the half marathon in 2 hours and 21 minutes, and his wife, Wang, completed it in 2 hours and 23 minutes. In fact, this wasn’t the 3 (one) time that the couple had taken part in the marathon. In 1997, the couple joined a running club. At first, they started running 4 (keep) fit. But over time, they found it was a relaxing sport and became more interested in it. In 2004, they took part in a marathon for the elderly. To 5 (they) surprise, Wang won the fourth place. In April 2011, the couple finished their first half marathon 6 (safe) in Yangzhou. In December of the same year, they finished the full marathon in Shanghai. At that time, Hu was 74 years old, and Wang was 65 years old. Since then, the couple have started their “marathon journey”. Over next ten years, they have taken part in many 7 (race) across the country every year. And they have completed 8 (many) than 100 marathon events. For years, they have been running 10,000 meters every day. They have covered over 40,000 kilometers 9 won 203 medals in many national sports events. Through running, the couple have made friends 10 other runners, and influenced by them, more and more young people have joined running. （六） The theme and main logo for the 2025 Spring Festival Gala were officially introduced 1 November 29, 2024. This great event is a 2 (celebrate) which marks the Year of the Snake in China. It will be filled with joy 3 Chinese culture. The theme for this 4 (year) gala is “Si Si (巳巳) Ru Yi, Sheng Sheng Bu Xi,” which carries deep cultural meanings. In traditional Chinese time system, a day 5 (divide) into 12 parts, and each part is two hours long. The period from 11 p.m. to l a.m. is the first part named “Zi Shi”, and “Si Shi” is the 6 (six) part of the day. It’s a time when everything seems to wake up and come to life. It creates a beautiful scene. Through the theme “Si Si Ru Yi”, the 2025 Spring Festival Gala looks forward to 7 (bring) good wishes to every family and the whole nation. “Sheng Sheng Bu Xi” means that life continues endlessly, showing the energy of the Chinese nation. The main logo is more creative and meaningful than the logo of last year. In detail, there are two “Si” characters put together in a mirror image, making it 8 (look) like double “Si”. This means good things will happen twice. It’s a nice way to connect the Snake Year with good luck and send best wishes to everyone. People are very 9 (excite) and can’t wait for the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. It’s going to be 10 wonderful show, full of music, dance, and fun, just like every year. （七） It was close to midnight. In Taipan village, 1 small mountain village in Guizhou Province, a basketball game was taking place. 2 (thousand) of people filled the court. People often call this tournament (锦标赛) “Village BA”. The 28-year-old Ou Minghui, a local of Guizhou, led his team 3 (win) the championship and won MVP. Ou began playing basketball at the age of eight. 4 his job is farming, basketball remains his lifelong passion (热爱). Known as “grassroots players”, they mostly come 5 Taipan and nearby villages. They are farmers, cooks, and drivers. “Professionals have their dreams, and we have 6 (we), ” Ou said. The tournament started in August 2022 with 1, 200 villagers. Basketball has deep roots here—the first court 7 (build) in 1936. Since then, Taipan village 8 (hold) many tournaments. The top teams receive local livestock (牲畜) as a reward, like sheep, 9 (cow), and pigs. At halftime, local performances light up the court. For locals, Village BA is not 10 (simple) an important event—it’s a cultural festival. （八） Around the 15th United Nations Chinese Language Day, which fell on April 20, some foreign students of Xi’an International Studies University gathered with Chinese students. Practicing and enjoying Chinese characters together has been a tradition for some foreign Chinese 1 (speaker) and Chinese teachers to get together to mark the United Nations Chinese Language Day. Chinese famous writer Lu Xun in 1930 2 (say) that the beauty of Chinese characters lay in three ways: their meanings educated the mind, their sounds pleased the ears, and their appearances pleased 3 eyes. Another writer Yu Guangzhong also praised Chinese characters highly. The history of Chinese characters can date back over 3,000 years. Different kinds 4 characters were developed, such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu, and kaishu 5 (improve) beauty and writing efficiency (效率). The beauty of Chinese characters is still clear and popular today. Many Chinese characters not only carry meanings but also have cultural significance (意义) passed down through history. Therefore, they are symbols of Chinese 6 (tradition) culture. Through them, we can closely connect the past, present, and future of 7 (we) country. 8 (recent), according to a survey, more than 30 million people worldwide are learning Chinese. Now, the language 9 (teach) in over 190 countries and areas. The culture of Chinese characters is better understood and enjoyed worldwide 10 more people can speak Chinese. （九） China’s first popular science book, Baguang Has Silver-Leaf Mangroves, has just been published. Liu Yi wrote it 1 (encourage) people to protect the trees. He 2 (support) them in Dapeng, Shenzhen, since 2009. The book shows how the seeds (种子) arrived, grew into 3 trees, and how the Baguang Nature School and its 4 (volunteer) care for the ancient trees. It is suitable for children and non-scientists because it 5 (write) in an easy-to-understand way. Mangroves are important for 6 (coast) areas. They clean water, protect coasts, and support wildlife. The silver-leaf mangroves in Yanzao are the oldest and 7 (healthy) in the world. The oldest tree is 524 years old. These trees protect the village 8 storms. The book is a useful guide for anyone who wants to know 9 they can do to learn about and help protect silver-leaf mangroves. It answers questions about mangroves and 10 (they) plants and animals and how to study them. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $