专题07 语法填空（期末真题汇编，广东专用）高三英语上学期

专题07 语法填空 主题 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 (23-24高三上·广东揭阳汕尾·期末) During the Tang Dynasty, poet Li Bai wrote a poem about the tough journey to Shu, comparing it to scaling the vast blue sky. The Shu Roads are named 1 the ancient state of Shu. The builders of the expressway 2 (link) Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region. Extending for 219 kilometers, the expressway lies at 3 height of over 3,300 metres. This means that the annual average temperature is just 1.4°C, and can drop as low as -36℃. Since the construction began in 2020, this extreme climate 4 (limit) work to roughly six months a year. The 5 (hard) section was the 5.5-km Shenzuo tunnel, running through weak and jointed rock masses and 6 (exceptional) complicated land conditions. Ma Kelin, the only female project manager, has learned a tough lesson since she joined the project. It took her over a month 7 (recover) from vomiting and breathlessness. The expressway, with an 8 (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. Many of those 9 live along its length are waiting, expecting it to contribute to economic development. The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential 10 (tourist) attracted by the new road. 【答案】 1．after 2．linking 3．a 4．has limited 5．hardest 6．exceptionally 7．to recover 8．investment 9．who 10．tourists 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“蜀道”为话题，用事实和数据讲述了“蜀道难，难于上青天”，这条高速公路全长219公里，高度超过3300米，且气候条件恶劣。当地政府给这条路投资302亿元，希望能够带动经济和旅游发展。 1．考查介词和固定短语。句意：蜀道是以古代蜀国的名字命名的。分析可知，“be named after…”，固定短语，意为“以……命名”。故填after。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：青海省吉至县至四川省巴尔坎县高速公路的建设者们知道在该地区修建一条公路有多复杂。分析可知，“____2____ (link) Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province”为之前名词“the expressway”的后置定语，动词“link”与其之间为主动关系，动词用现在分词形式。故填linking。 3．考查不定冠词和固定短语。句意：这条高速公路全长219公里，高度超过3300米。分析可知，“at a height of…”，固定短语，意为“在……的高度”。故填a。 4．考查时态。句意：自2020年开始施工以来，这种极端气候将工程限制在每年大约六个月。分析可知，所填动词作谓语，结合时间状语“Since the construction began in 2020”可知，应是现在完成时，主语“this extreme climate”为第三人称单数，用“has done”结构。故填has limited。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意：最困难的路段是5.5公里长的神座隧道，穿过软弱的节理岩体和异常复杂的土地条件。分析句意可知，这里应是用形容词最高级作定语。故填hardest。 6．考查副词。句意：最困难的路段是5.5公里长的神座隧道，穿过软弱的节理岩体和异常复杂的土地条件。分析可知，所填应是副词作状语，修饰形容词“complicated”。“exceptional”，形容词，意为“异常的；特别的；卓越的”，其副词形式为“exceptionally(罕见，特别，非常)”。故填exceptionally。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：她花了一个多月的时间才从呕吐和呼吸困难中恢复过来。分析可知，“It took sb. +时间+to do sth”，固定句型，意为“花费某人多少时间做某事”，“It”为形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语。故填to recover。 8．考查名词。句意：这条高速公路投资302亿元，将于明年年底通车。分析可知，空前“an”为不定冠词，接可数名词单数形式。“invest”，动词，意为“投资”，其名词形式为“investment(投资)”，可数名词。故填investment。 9．考查定语从句关系词。句意：许多居住在沿线的人都在等待，期待它能为经济发展做出贡献。分析可知，“____9____ live along its length”为之前“those”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 10．考查可数名词复数。句意：当地政府计划划出12平方公里的区域，以吸引被这条新道路吸引的潜在游客们。分析可知，“potential(潜在的，有潜力的)”为形容词，作定语修饰名词，结合语境可知，这里应是复数形式，表示多个游客。故填tourists。 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 (24-25高三上·广东揭阳·期末) On the streets of Shanghai, you can often see a young French woman leading a group of tourists around the city on citywalks, introducing the history and culture of the big city to them in Chinese, English and French. Clarisse Le Guernic runs a cultural company that has taken it 1 its mission to help locals and foreigners better understand Shanghai by the concept of citywalks. After coming to study in Shanghai in 2015, she 2 (regard) the city as her second hometown ever since. “ 3 I’m a foreigner, the city is no stranger to me,” she joked. Le Guernic’s story with China began back in 2008, 4 she chose Chinese as her second foreign language in middle school. 5 couple of years later during her second year of high school, she visited China for the first time together with her classmates. During that visit, they traveled to several famous places, such as the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. In addition to 6 (visit) historic sites, they also attended classes with Chinese students. The short journey left a deep impression on her. “I really longed for more 7 (opportunity) to go to China and experience the local life 8 (I),”she said. After her graduation from college, she chose 9 (settle) down in Shanghai and launch her own business. With Shanghai’s 10 (friend) business environment for foreign firms, she was able to register her company within two weeks in April 2020. Her company provides citywalk tours to help tourists experience Shanghai. 【答案】 1．as 2．has regarded 3．Although/Though 4．when 5．A 6．visiting 7．opportunities 8．myself 9．to settle 10．friendly 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Clarisse Le Guernic的故事，她经营着一家文化公司，致力于通过城市漫步的概念帮助当地人和外国人更好地了解上海。 1．考查介词。句意：Clarisse Le Guernic经营着一家文化公司，该公司的使命是通过城市步行的概念帮助当地人和外国人更好地了解上海。take sth. as...是固定短语，意为“把某事看作……”，因此空格处用介词as。故填as。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：2015年来到上海留学后，她就把上海当成了自己的第二故乡。由ever since可知，句子时态用现在完成时。主语she是单数，主谓一致，故填has regarded。 3．考查连词。句意：她开玩笑说：“虽然我是个外国人，但这座城市对我来说并不陌生。”根据语境可知，句子表示“虽然我是个外国人，但这座城市对我来说并不陌生”，空格处意为“虽然”，用although/though，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Although/Though。 4．考查定语从句。句意：勒格尔尼克与中国的故事要追溯到2008年，当时她在中学选择中文作为第二外语。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词2008是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。 5．考查冠词。句意：几年后，在她高二的时候，她和同学们第一次来到了中国。a couple of是固定短语，意为“几个”，因此空格处用a，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填A。 6．考查动名词。句意：除了参观历史遗迹，他们还和中国学生一起上课。to是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填visiting。 7．考查名词的复数。句意：“我真的很渴望有更多的机会去中国，亲身体验当地的生活，”她说。opportunity是可数名词，不止一个，因此空格处用复数，作宾语。故填opportunities。 8．考查反身代词。句意：“我真的很渴望有更多的机会去中国，亲身体验当地的生活，”她说。根据语境可知，空格处用反身代词myself表示“我亲自”，作同位语。故填myself。 9．考查不定式。句意：大学毕业后，她选择在上海定居并开始自己的事业。choose to do sth.是固定短语，意为“选择做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to settle。故填to settle。 10．考查形容词。句意：凭借上海对外国公司友好的商业环境，她能够在2020年4月的两周内注册自己的公司。空格处用形容词修饰business environment，friend的形容词是friendly，意为“友好的”。故填friendly。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 (23-24高三上·广东深圳宝安·期末) A 16-year-old girl from Changsha, Hunan Province, reached the top of Qomolangma with success, 1 (become) the youngest Chinese female to conquer (征服) the world’s highest mountain from the southern slope. Xu is a first-year high school student. In April, she left Changsha for Nepal, began her trek(涉) from Lukla, arrived at the base camp 2 started her altitude adjustment training. At 10 pm Beijing time on May 14, Xu started trekking from Camp 4 at 3   altitude of 7, 950 meters. After a hard 10-hour climb, she 4 (successful) reached the top. Xu’s father was the first person from Hunan Province 5 (reach) the top of Qomolangma. Influenced by her father, Xu 6 (explore)remote areas with him since she was very young. Despite her young age, Xu has already climbed five mountains over 5, 000 meters in China. Although Xu has rich climbing experience, she gets high-intensity 7 (profession) training non-stop to conquer Qomolangma. Last year, she climbed Mount Muztagata, 8   stands 7, 546 meters. ”Human beings 9 (be)small in the face of nature. We should respect nature and get closer to Qomolangma,” said Xu. She hopes to conquer the highest peak in each of the seven 10 (continent)and to be able to reach the North Pole and South Pole one day. 【答案】 1．becoming 2．and 3．an 4．successfully 5．to reach 6．has been exploring/has explored 7．professional 8．which 9．are 10．continents 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了长沙16岁的女孩徐卓媛成功登顶珠峰的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：来自湖南省长沙市的一名16岁女孩成功登顶珠峰，成为从南坡登顶世界最高峰的最年轻的中国女性。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，become和逻辑主语A 16-year-old girl为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填becoming。 2．考查连词。句意：今年4月，她离开长沙前往尼泊尔，从卢卡开始了长途跋涉，到达大本营，开始了她的海拔调整训练。根据句意可知，此处为连词and连接前后两个谓语动词，保持并列关系。故填and。 3．考查冠词。句意：北京时间5月14日晚上10点，徐从海拔7950米的4号营地开始徒步旅行。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语at an altitude of…“在……高度”，满足句意要求，所以此处为冠词an的填入。故填an。 4．考查副词。句意：经过10个小时的艰苦攀登，她成功地到达了山顶。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词successfully作状语修饰动词reached。故填successfully。 5．考查动词不定式。句意：徐的父亲是湖南第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的人。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰person，the first person…to do“第一个做……的人”为惯用表达。故填to reach。 6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：受父亲的影响，徐从小就跟随父亲到偏远地区探险。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及该句since可知，此处为现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语Xu为第三人称单数，所以为动词三单形式。故填has been exploring/has explored。 7．考查形容词。句意：虽然有丰富的登山经验，但为了征服珠穆朗玛峰，她一直在接受高强度的专业训练。由空后training为名词可知，此处为形容词professional“专业的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填professional。 8．考查定语从句。句意：去年，她登上了海拔7546米的穆兹塔加塔山。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Mount Muztagata在从句中作主语成分。故填which。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在大自然面前，人类是渺小的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句为引语可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语Human beings为复数意义名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填are。 10．考查名词复数形式。句意：她希望能够征服七大洲的最高峰，并有一天能够到达北极和南极。由空前seven可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填continents。 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东深圳宝安·期末) The University of Arizona announced on Monday that Native American students no longer would have to pay tuition or fees at 1 (it) main campus in Tucson. The university hopes the new program better 2 (serve) the state’s large native population. The program, a first of its kind in an Arizona public university, will be 3 (avail) for students registered to any of the state’s 22 4 (federal) recognized tribes (部落). More than 400 current students will be qualified at the school’s main campus in Tucson, 5 the tuition currently is $12,700 per semester. “The University of Arizona is committed to recognizing and 6 (acknowledge) the history endured by Native American communities,” Kasey Urquidez, the school’s vice president of enrollment management, said in a statement. “We are committed to promoting success 7 access for Native American students.” The University of Arizona joins 8 number of other public universities offering free tuition to Native American students, including state schools in California, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana and Oregon. The goal of the programs is 9 (erase) some of the barriers to entry for tribal students. About a quarter of Native American students pursue higher education, 10 (compare) to 40% of students overall, according to the Postsecondary National Policy Institute. 【答案】 1．its 2．serves 3．available 4．federally 5．where 6．acknowledging 7．and 8．a 9．to erase 10．compared 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。亚利桑那大学宣布美国原住民学生在其图森主校区免学费，该项目面向22个联邦认可部落学生，旨在消除入学障碍，还有多校也有类似举措。 1．考查代词。句意：亚利桑那大学周一宣布，美国原住民学生将不再需要在其位于图森的主校区支付学费或其他费用。分析句子可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词短语main campus，it的形容词性物主代词是its。故填its。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该大学希望这个新项目能更好地服务该州大量的原住民人口。分析句子可知，serve是宾语从句谓语动词，句子应为一般现在时表客观情况，从句主语the new program为单数，与从句谓语动词serve为主动关系，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填serves。 3．考查形容词。句意：该项目在亚利桑那州公立大学中尚属首例，将面向该州22个获得联邦认可的部落中注册的任何学生开放。分析句子可知，be动词后接形容词作表语，avail的形容词形式是available，表“可获得的”，符合句意。故填available。 4．考查副词。句意：该项目在亚利桑那州公立大学中尚属首例，将面向该州22个获得联邦认可的部落中注册的任何学生开放。分析句子可知，此处需用副词作状语修饰形容词recognized，federal的副词形式是federally。故填federally。 5．考查定语从句。句意：目前该校位于图森的主校区有400多名学生符合条件，那里目前每学期的学费是12700美元。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为the school’s main campus in Tucson，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：该校招生管理副校长凯西・乌尔基德兹在一份声明中说：“亚利桑那大学致力于认可并承认美国原住民社区所经历的历史。” 分析句子可知，这里考查be committed to doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”，and连接两个并列的动名词作宾语，acknowledge用动名词形式。故填acknowledging。 7．考查连词。句意：我们致力于促进美国原住民学生的成功与入学机会。分析句子可知，success和access为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 8．考查固定短语。句意：亚利桑那大学加入了其他一些向美国原住民学生提供免费学费的公立大学行列，其中包括加利福尼亚州、缅因州、马萨诸塞州、密歇根州、蒙大拿州和俄勒冈州的州立学校。分析句子可知，这里考查a number of ，为固定短语，意为“许多”。故填a。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些项目的目标是消除部落学生入学的一些障碍。分析句子可知，erase需用动词不定式作表语，说明主语The goal的具体内容。故填to erase。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据高等教育国家政策研究所的数据，大约四分之一的美国原住民学生接受高等教育，而所有学生的这一比例为40%。这里考查非谓语，compare与逻辑主语About a quarter of Native American students之间为被动关系，再由句意可知，应用过去分词作状语。故填compared。 Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东潮州·期末) Zibo city in Shandong province has gone viral on Chinese social media since late February for its local barbecue specialty. Then, the local government takes the opportunity 1 (promote) tourism and spending. On March 31, the Jinan Bureau of China Railway 2 (add) a weekend special round trip “barbecue tour” train between Jinan and Zibo. 3 latest promotion gives visitors a free 4 (admit) to 10 scenic spots in the city with their train tickets as long as their final destination is Zibo. Barbecue is popular in China, 5 Zibo’s barbecue differs in three ways it’s made on a stove, and is served with flatbread (小饼) and dressings (蘸料). The skewers (烤串) are 70-80 percent cooked before being brought to the table, on 6 diners can finish cooking them on their own stoves, 7 (lead) to a sense of participation. Diners are served flatbread and other dressings at the table so they are able to assemble their own barbecue parcels, in much the same way Peking duck is eaten. The barbecue 8 (unexpected) went viral after a group of college students shot videos of themselves enjoying a meal and posted them on social media 9 February. Since then, many people, mostly the young, 10 (attract) to the city from all over the country to try the dish 【答案】 1．to promote 2．added 3．The 4．admission 5．but 6．which 7．leading 8．unexpectedly 9．in 10．have been attracted 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国山东省淄博市的烤肉特色和当地政府利用这一机会促进旅游和消费的情况。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：随后，当地政府借此机会促进旅游业和消费。句中take the opportunity to do sth为固定短语，意为“抓住机会去做某事”。故填to promote。 2．考查时态。句意：3月31日，中国铁路济南局增开济南至淄博周末往返“烧烤之旅”专列。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。句子表示经常性习惯性动作，所以使用一般过去时。故填added。 3．考查冠词。句意：最新的促销活动是，只要游客的最终目的地是淄博，就可以凭火车票免费进入该市的10个景点。根据句意可知，此处特指“促销活动”，所以空出用定冠词the表示特指。该词位于句首，所以首字母大写。故填The。 4．考查名词。句意：最新的促销活动是，只要游客的最终目的地是淄博，就可以凭火车票免费进入该市的10个景点。分析句子结构可知，空处使用admit的名词admission作give的宾语，意为“门票”，由空格前的a可知，应该用单数形式。故填admission。 5．考查连词。句意：烧烤在中国很受欢迎，但淄博的烧烤有三种不同之处——它是在炉子上做的，配以小饼和蘸料。分析句子结构可知，空处需要连词连接前后两句话。前文“烧烤在中国很受欢迎”和下文“淄博的烧烤有三种不同之处”为转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故填but。 6．考查定语从句。句意：烤串在端上餐桌之前要烹饪70-80%，食客可以在自己的炉子上完成烹饪，从而产生一种参与感。分析句子结构可知，空处与空格前的介词on构成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的结构。关系词在从句中作介词的宾语，指代先行词table，先行词指物，所以应该关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：烤串在端上餐桌之前要烹饪70-80%，食客可以在自己的炉子上完成烹饪，从而产生一种参与感。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作结果状语。此处表示意料之中的结果，所以用现在分词作状语。故填leading。 8．考查副词。句意：今年2月，一群大学生拍摄了自己用餐的视频并将其发布在社交媒体上后，这场烧烤意外地在网上疯传。空处使用副词修饰后面的动词短语，在句中作状语。故填unexpectedly。 9．考查介词。句意：今年2月，一群大学生拍摄了自己用餐的视频并将其发布在社交媒体上后，这场烧烤意外地在网上疯传。in February“在二月”。故填in。 10．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，许多人，主要是年轻人，从全国各地被吸引到这座城市品尝这道菜。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语Since then可知，句子为现在完成时，同时many people与attract之间是被动关系，且主语为复数，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been attracted。 主题04 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东汕头·期末) Since its release two months ago, Black Myth: Wukong 1 (attract) global audiences worldwide. Beyond the gameplay, the game’s beautifully animated shorts, 2 are shown at the end of each chapter, have received widespread approval. Most notably, the hidden ending short Unfinished, which, at just five minutes long, showcases the artistry and dedication of some of China’s 3 (fine) animators, has amazed viewers with its unique style. Director Yang Tingmu reflects on the creative process and inspirations that shaped the film’s distinctive style, 4 (note) that the short carries on the tradition of Journey to the West. It includes lines 5 (speak) by the Buddha, taken directly from the original novel, and music from the 1986 TV series. Its visual style is inspired by Lian huan hua, 6 distinctly Chinese yet relatively uncommon style in animation, while Sun Wukong’s design draws from Peking Opera aesthetics (造型). According to Yang, making Chinese culture accessible globally depends on adapting traditional stories through modern techniques. Some techniques are employed 7 (create) the classic atmosphere of Journey to the West, such as traditional Chinese Bai miao line art. However, creating animation in this style presented challenges. For example, many animation techniques rely on established 8 (pattern). Through hard work, Unfinished has received high praise 9 both domestic and international fans. Yang owes this success to the strong foundation laid by the game 10 (it). 【答案】 1．has attracted 2．which 3．finest 4．noting 5．spoken 6．a 7．to create 8．patterns 9．from 10．itself 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了游戏《黑神话：悟空》的特点、创作过程及其影响。 1．考查时态。句意：自两个月前发布以来，《黑神话：悟空》吸引了全球观众。attract“吸引”。根据时间状语Since its release two months ago可知，此处时态应用现在完成时，主语Black Myth: Wukong为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has attracted。 2．考查定语从句。句意：除了游戏玩法之外，游戏结尾的精美动画短片也获得了广泛认可。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the game’s beautifully animated shorts，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：最值得一提的是，隐藏结局短片《未完成》，虽然只有五分钟长，却展示了中国一些最优秀动画师的艺术造诣和奉献精神，以其独特的风格让观众惊叹不已。根据空格前的some of China’s可知，此处应用形容词最高级finest，表示“最优秀的”。故填finest。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：导演羊廷牧反思了塑造电影独特风格的创作过程和灵感，并指出这部短片继承了《西游记》的传统。本句谓语为reflects on，此处为非谓语动词，且Director Yang Tingmu与note“指出”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填noting。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：它包括直接从原著中引用的佛祖台词，以及1986年电视剧中的音乐。本句谓语为includes，此处为非谓语动词，且lines与speak“说”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填spoken。 6．考查冠词。句意：它的视觉风格的灵感来自连环花，这是一种明显的中国风格，但在动画中相对少见，而孙悟空的设计则来自京剧造型。此处泛指“一种明显的中国风格”，且distinctly以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些技术，如中国传统白描线条艺术，被用来营造《西游记》的经典氛围。本句谓语为are employed，此处为非谓语动词，此处作目的状语，应用create“创造”的不定式。故填to create。 8．考查名词的数。句意：例如，许多动画技术依赖于既定的模式。pattern“模式”为可数名词，由many修饰，应用复数形式。故填patterns。 9．考查介词。句意：经过努力，《未完成》得到了国内外粉丝的高度评价。本空表示“来自于”，用介词from，符合题意。故填from。 10．考查代词。句意：羊将这一成功归功于游戏本身所奠定的坚实基础。the game为介词by的宾语，用反身代词itself“它自己”作同位语，起强调作用。故填itself。 Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东东莞·期末) Every four years the best players in the world gather for one month in summer to take part in the biggest event in football—the World Cup. 1 will be very different when the 2030 edition rolls around. In October, FIFA released a statement 2 the 2030 FIFA World Cup will take place in six countries across three continents to celebrate the soccer tournament’s 100th anniversary. Morocco, Portugal and Spain are combined applicants to host most of the 3 (match), while Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina are targeted to host kickoff games 4 (respective) to begin the 2030 World Cup. “The World Cup’s first match was hosted in Uruguay in 1930, so the centennial (百周年的) World Cup could not be far from South America,   5 everything began,” said 6 FIFA officer. He added, “We will have a unique 7 (globe) footprint in 2030 welcoming and uniting the world while 8 (celebrate) together the beautiful game and the centennial World Cup.” Actually, the 2026 World Cup 9 (hold) in cities across America, Canada and Mexico, the first time it will be played across three host nations. The current size of the World Cup, 32 teams, increases 10 48 in the 2026 event. 【答案】 1．It 2．that 3．matches 4．respectively 5．where 6．a 7．global 8．celebrating 9．will be held 10．to 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为庆祝足球锦标赛成立100周年，2030年世界杯将发生的一些变化。 1．考查代词。句意：2030年的情况将会大不相同。代指上一句的内容作主语，应该用代词it。故填It。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：今年10月，国际足联发布了一份声明，称2030年世界杯将在三大洲的六个国家举行，以庆祝足球锦标赛成立100周年。空格后的部分是同位语从句，对名词statement的内容解释说明，从句中意义完整，不缺成分，用that仅起连接作用。故填that。 3．考查名词复数。句意：摩洛哥、葡萄牙和西班牙是大部分比赛的主办国，而乌拉圭、巴拉圭和阿根廷则分别是2030年世界杯的开球国。根据空格前的most of可知，空格处应该用名词复数matches作介词of的宾语。故填matches。 4．考查副词。句意：摩洛哥、葡萄牙和西班牙是大部分比赛的主办国，而乌拉圭、巴拉圭和阿根廷则分别是2030年世界杯的开球国。空格处应该用副词respectively作状语，修饰动词host。故填respectively。 5．考查定语从句。句意：一位国际足联官员表示:“世界杯的第一场比赛是1930年在乌拉圭举办的，所以百年世界杯应该离世界杯的发源地南美洲不远。”空格后的部分是定语从句，修饰先行词South America，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 6．考查冠词。句意：一位国际足联官员表示:“世界杯的第一场比赛是1930年在乌拉圭举办的，所以百年世界杯应该离一切的发源地南美洲不远。”根据空格后的单数可数名词officer可知，空格处应该用不定冠词，泛指“一个”，FIFA的发音是辅音音素开头，应该用a。故填a。 7．考查形容词。句意：他补充说：“我们将在2030年以独特的全球足迹欢迎和团结世界，同时共同庆祝精彩的比赛和百年世界杯。”空格处应该用形容词global作定语，修饰后面的名词footprint。故填global。 8．考查状语从句的省略。句意：他补充说:“我们将在2030年以独特的全球足迹欢迎和团结世界，同时共同庆祝美丽的比赛和百年世界杯。”根据空格前的while可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略，从句完整的形式是while we are celebrating together the beautiful game and the centennial World Cup，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中用be动词are，符合状语从句的省略的条件，省略we are。故填celebrating。 9．考查时态语态。句意：事实上，2026年世界杯将在美国、加拿大和墨西哥的城市举行，这是首次在三个东道国举行。根据句意和主语the 2026 World Cup可知，主语和动词hold是被动关系，且描述将来要发生的事，所以，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be held。 10．考查介词。句意：目前32支球队参加世界杯，到2026年将增加到48支。表示“增加或减少到……”要用介词to表示，固定搭配。故填to。 主题05 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东清远清新区四校·期末) Any visitor to the Chinese Culture Week being held at the University of Tehran would be amazed by the Chinese tea, food, and various artworks produced through Chinese knotting and 1 (tradition) paper cutting — all displayed by Iranian students learning Chinese. The Chinese Culture Week aims 2 (introduce) Chinese culture to more Iranians. Held inside the lobby of the institute, which 3 (establish) in 2009, the event displayed a range of artworks that contain different 4 (element) of Chinese culture, produced by Iranian professors and students at the university. “ 5 (give) China’s increasing global influence, as well as its friendly and expanded relations with Iran, learning about the country directly is becoming 6 (vital) important,” said Hamed Vafaei, the Iranian director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Tehran. He believes that the students who are studying 7 Chinese language at the institute will enter different sectors of Iranian society in the near future, helping more people to get to know more about China. China is the world’s second-largest economy, the most populous country, 8 a permanent member of the UN Security Council, so learning Chinese has become a necessity as many around the world have realized, he said. “Each of the students here is a window toward China, 9 (help) the Iranian people have a more realistic picture of the country, which will make 10 possible to improve bilateral relations in the long run,” he added. 【答案】 1．traditional 2．to introduce 3．was established 4．elements 5．Given 6．vitally 7．the 8．and 9．helping 10．it 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德黑兰大学举办的中国文化周在弘扬中国文化方面的重要作用及对双边关系的影响。 1．考查形容词。句意：参加在德黑兰大学举办的中国文化周的任何游客都会被中国的茶、食物和各种由中国结和传统剪纸制作的艺术品所震惊，这些都是学习中文的伊朗学生展示的。根据“paper cutting”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词，traditional作形容词，表示“传统的”，符合句意。故填traditional。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国文化周旨在向更多伊朗人介绍中国文化。固定短语aim to do sth表示“旨在做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故填to introduce。 3．考查时态语态。句意：该学院于2009年成立，此次活动在该学院的大厅内举行，展示了由该大学的伊朗教授和学生创作的一系列包含不同中国文化元素的艺术品。分析句子结构可知，定语从句缺谓语动词，时间状语是“in 2009”，应用一般过去时，先行词“the institute”与“establish”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且先行词是第三人称单数，be动词使用was。故填was established。 4．考查名词复数。句意：该学院于2009年成立，此次活动在该学院的大厅内举行，展示了由该大学的伊朗教授和学生创作的一系列包含不同中国文化元素的艺术品。element是可数名词，根据“different”可知，空处需填名词复数。故填elements。 5．考查介词。句意：“鉴于中国日益增长的全球影响力，以及它与伊朗友好和扩大的关系，直接了解这个国家变得至关重要，”德黑兰大学孔子学院的伊朗主任哈米德·瓦法伊说。根据句意可知，此处表示“考虑到中国日益增长的全球影响力，以及它与伊朗友好和扩大的关系”，given作介词，表示“考虑到，鉴于”，符合句意。故填Given。 6．考查副词。句意：“鉴于中国日益增长的全球影响力，以及它与伊朗友好和扩大的关系，直接了解这个国家变得至关重要，”德黑兰大学孔子学院的伊朗主任哈米德·瓦法伊说。此处修饰形容词important，空处需填副词作状语。故填vitally。 7．考查冠词。句意：他相信，在该学院学习汉语的学生将在不久的将来进入伊朗社会的各个领域，帮助更多的人了解中国。表示语言时，可以用专有名词直接表达，也可以用“the + 相应形容词 + language”来表达。“Chinese language”表示“汉语”，属于独一无二的名词，需用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。 8．考查连词。句意：他说，中国是世界第二大经济体，人口最多的国家，联合国安理会常任理事国，所以学习汉语已经成为世界上许多人都意识到的一种必要。分析句意可知，“the world’s second-largest economy, the most populous country, ____8____a permanent member of the UN Security Council”三个短语是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说:“这里的每一位学生都是了解中国的窗口，帮助伊朗人民对这个国家有一个更现实的了解，从长远来看，这将有可能改善双边关系。”分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语动词“is”，空处需填非谓语动词，“Each of the students”和“help”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填helping。 10．考查it作形式宾语。句意：他补充说:“这里的每一位学生都是了解中国的窗口，帮助伊朗人民对这个国家有一个更现实的了解，从长远来看，这将有可能改善双边关系。”分析句子结构可知，空处缺宾语，根据句意可知，make的宾语是动词不定式“to improve bilateral relations”，应用it作形式宾语。故填it。 Passage 2 (24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末) Dressed in traditional hanfu, Wang Zijun, manager of a coffee shop, elegantly serves steaming coffee and snacks 1 customers. The coffee shop lies in the Huizhou ancient town, a popular tourist destination in Shexian County, east China’s Anhui Province. It’s decorated with 2 (tradition) calligraphy and colorful fish-shaped lanterns. “The leisurely pace in the Chinese-style coffee shops matches well with the 3 (attract) of the old street,” said Wang. The town also introduces visitors to cultural products, martial arts performances and local snacks. Here, a show, based on local history and old tales, attracts the audience because it makes people feel like they’re 4 (real) in it. According to Jiang Guangyu, the performance director, a single show attracts 5 audience of over 1,800 during the peak season. “Our stories are inspired by local old tales, combining entertainment with cultural preservation,” said Jiang. In Yihuawan Cultural Tourism Town, 1 (locate) in Anhui’s Susong County, visitors can hike through jungle-filled valleys, pick fresh fruit and vegetables, and admire seas of flowers 2 are in full blossom throughout the year. Since 2023, the town 3 (sell) over 1 million flower seedlings. It’s also created more than 400 local jobs, 4 (boost) the average annual household income by 6,000 yuan. In the 5 (one) three quarters of 2024, rural tourism across China received about 2.25 billion visits, a year-on-year increase of 15.5 percent, with the total income reaching about 183.7 billion US dollars. 【答案】 1．to 2．traditional 3．attraction 4．really 5．an 6．located 7．that/which 8．has sold 9．boosting 10．first 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了几处与旅游相关的内容：安徽徽州古镇的中式咖啡店，古镇文化表演以及怡花湾文旅小镇的游玩项目等；同时，文章还介绍了2024年前三季度我国乡村旅游的游客数量及收入情况。 1．考查介词。句意：一家咖啡店的经理王子君（音译）穿着传统的汉服，优雅地为顾客端上热气腾腾的咖啡和小吃。serve sth. to sb.意为“把某物提供给某人；为某人端上某物”。故填to。 2．考查形容词。句意：它装饰着传统的书法和五颜六色的鱼形灯笼。修饰名词calligraphy用形容词traditional。故填traditional。 3．考查名词。句意：“中式咖啡馆里悠闲的节奏与老街的吸引力非常匹配，”王说。本空前面是定冠词the，后面是介词of，因此，此处需填名词attraction，表示“老街的吸引力”。故填attraction。 4．考查副词。句意：在这里，一场以当地历史和古老故事为基础的表演吸引了观众，因为它让人们觉得自己真的置身其中。空处作状语，用副词really，表示“真正地”。故填 really。 5．考查冠词。句意：据演出总监姜光宇介绍，在旺季，一场演出就能吸引1800多名观众。an audience of为固定搭配，意为“……数量的观众；……人数的听众”，且 audience一词的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在安徽省宿松县的怡花湾文化旅游小镇，游客可以徒步穿越丛林丛生的山谷，采摘新鲜的水果和蔬菜，欣赏全年盛开的花海。Yihuawan Cultural Tourism Town 与 locate 之间为被动关系，所以此处需填过去分词作后置定语。故填located。 7．考查定语从句。句意：在安徽省宿松县的怡花湾文化旅游小镇，游客可以徒步穿越丛林丛生的山谷，采摘新鲜的水果和蔬菜，欣赏全年盛开的花海。此处为定语从句，先行词为flowers，指物，且本空在从句中作主语。故填 that/which。 8．考查时态。句意：自2023年以来，该镇已售出100多万株花苗。根据时间状语Since 2023可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语为单数，助动词应用has。故填has sold。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它还为当地创造了400多个就业岗位，使家庭平均年收入增加了6000元。本句已有谓语动词，因此，空处只能用作非谓语动词；根据句意可知，此处需用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填boosting。 10．考查序数词。句意：2024年前三季度，全国乡村旅游接待游客约22.5亿人次，同比增长15.5%，总收入约1837亿美元。根据句意可知，此处表示在2024年的前三季度，应用序数词。故填first。 Passage 3 (24-25高三上·广东华附 省实 广雅 深中四校联考·期末) Peru is an underrated culinary powerhouse. Its long coastline, vast Andes mountains, and tropical rain forests have given rise to its rich food and culinary culture. Beyond local flavors, Peruvian cuisine also blends influences from Asia, Africa, and Europe. And the fusion of cooking styles has created 1 (incredible) delicious results. A must-try dish from 2 world-renowned melting pot is lomo saltado — marinated (腌制的) strips of steak stir-fry with soy sauce, chopped red onions, tomatoes, crispy French fries and the unmissable ají amarillo chili pepper (黄辣椒), 3 (serve) with rice on the side. Very flavorful, yet not spicy, lomo saltado never fails to impress 4 (dine) in Peru and beyond. Lomo saltado is almost like a metaphor for modern-day culture: key ingredients from different corners of the world 5 combine to create something new and characteristic — ají amarillo and potato from Peru, beef from Spain. Spaniards are also believed 6 (introduce) rice to Peru in the early years of the colony. The last key player in the recipe: China. Thousands of Cantonese 7 (immigrate) to Peru in the mid-nineteenth century, introducing the wok, soy sauce and the concept of stir-frying. We can guess that 8 some point in the early twentieth century, a bold cook used his or her creativity to take the above foods and stir fry 9 in a wok. Voila, a culinary superstar was born. And it is 10 a culinary journey to South America should start with. 【答案】 1．incredibly 2．the 3．served 4．diners 5．that/which 6．to have introduced 7．immigrated 8．at 9．them 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是秘鲁的美食文化，特别是其代表菜Lomo Saltado的起源、特色及文化寓意。 1．考查副词。句意：各种烹饪风格的融合创造了令人难以置信的美味。空格处用副词incredibly作状语修饰形容词delicious，incredibly意为“难以置信地”。故填incredibly。 2．考查冠词。句意：来自世界著名大熔炉的一道必尝的佳肴便是lomo saltado——这是用酱油腌制的牛排条，配以切碎的红洋葱、番茄、香脆的薯条以及不可或缺的黄灯笼椒，一同快炒而成，旁边还配有米饭。特指秘鲁这个世界著名的大熔炉，用定冠词the，故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界著名大熔炉的一道必尝的佳肴便是lomo saltado——这是用酱油腌制的牛排条，配以切碎的红洋葱、番茄、香脆的薯条以及不可或缺的黄灯笼椒，一同快炒而成，旁边还配有米饭。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，lomo saltado和serve之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填served。 4．考查名词。句意：lomo saltado风味浓郁却不辣，总能给秘鲁及世界各地的食客留下深刻印象。空格处用名词作宾语，句子表示“lomo saltado风味浓郁却不辣，总能给秘鲁及世界各地的食客留下深刻印象”，空格处意为“食客”，是diner，不止一个，要用复数，故填diners。 5．考查定语从句。句意：Lomo saltado几乎是现代文化的一个隐喻：它汇集了来自世界各地的关键食材，创造出一种新颖而独特的美味——有秘鲁的黄辣椒和土豆，还有西班牙的牛肉。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词key ingredients指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，空格处用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。 6．考查不定式的完成式。句意：西班牙人也被认为在秘鲁殖民地的早期将大米引入了秘鲁。sb. be believed to do sth.是固定短语，意为“某人被认为做某事”，西班牙人已经将大米引入了秘鲁，动作“引入”先于“认为”发生，因此空格处用不定式的完成式to have done，故填to have introduced。 7．考查时态。句意：19世纪中叶，成千上万的广东人移民到秘鲁，带来了炒锅、酱油和炒菜的概念。由in the mid-nineteenth century可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填immigrated。 8．考查介词。句意：我们可以猜测，在20世纪初的某个时候，一位大胆的厨师发挥了他或她的创造力，把上面的食物放在锅里翻炒。at some point是固定短语，意为“在某个时间点”，因此空格处用at，故填at。 9．考查代词。句意：我们可以猜测，在20世纪初的某个时候，一位大胆的厨师发挥了他或她的创造力，把上面的食物放在锅里翻炒。空格处用them指代前面的foods，故填them。 10．考查表语从句。句意：这是南美美食之旅的开始。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“这是南美美食之旅的开始”，因此用连接代词what引导表语从句，故填what。 Passage 4 (23-24高三上·广东华南师范大学附属中学、实验中学、广雅中学、深圳高级中学四校联考·期末) Traditional Chinese medicine 1 (practise) for around 3,000 years in the Far East, but is relatively recent in the West. People are becoming increasingly worried about the side effects of drugs, and are turning to treatments such as yoga and acupuncture (针灸) 2 (add) to, or sometimes even replace, Western medicine. An event in my life changed my attitude towards acupuncture. After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months, I 3 (feel) mentally and physically exhausted, nearing my breaking point. A trip 4 my doctor and nightly beer and whisky failed to bring any 5 (relieve) from my condition. A friend suggested that I visit an acupuncturist. With a fear of needles, I was reluctant to take his advice, 6 by this time I was so tired that I was ready to try almost anything. After another nearly 7 (sleep) night, I turned up in the local alternative health centre and met the only acupuncturist in my area. By taking my pulse, looking at my tongue and asking some questions about my diet and lifestyle, he correctly concluded that I was worn out. I found this 8 (extreme) impressive and amazing since he hadn’t asked me 9 I had come to see him. He then inserted a fine needle in my right foot, and I fell asleep immediately. The whole experience was like a miracle never 10 (imagine) in my wildest dreams! 【答案】 1．has been practised 2．to add 3．felt/was feeling 4．to 5．relief 6．but 7．sleepless 8．extremely 9．why 10．imagined 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者失眠了几个月，感到身心俱疲，虽然尝试了各种方法，但却没有效果。于是作者不得不接受一个朋友的建议，去看针灸师，结果针灸师通过把脉、观察舌头、询问饮食和生活方式，就判断出作者的病情，并且施针让作者入睡，作者感到非常神奇，由此改变了对针灸的看法。 1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：传统中医在远东已经被实践了大约3000年，但在西方相对较晚。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“for around 3,000 years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，practise“实践”和主语Traditional Chinese medicine之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been practised。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们越来越担心药物的副作用，并转向瑜伽和针灸等治疗方法，以补充，有时甚至取代西医。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，应用add的不定式形式。故填to add。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：失眠几个月后，我感到身心俱疲，快要崩溃了。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months”可知，此处可理解为叙述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，空处用feel的过去式形式，或理解为过去在某一时间段内正在发生的动作，时态用过去进行时，且主语是I，be动词应用was。故填felt/was feeling。 4．考查介词。句意：我去看医生，每晚喝啤酒和威士忌，都没能缓解我的病情。根据“A trip”和“my doctor”可推知，空处应用介词to和trip搭配，a trip to表示“去……”，句中表示“去看医生”。故填to。 5．考查名词。句意：我去看医生，每晚喝啤酒和威士忌，都没能缓解我的病情。分析句子可知，空处作bring的宾语，被any修饰，名词relief“缓解”符合题意，为不可数名词。故填relief。 6．考查连词。句意：由于害怕打针，我不愿意接受他的建议，但这时我太累了，几乎准备尝试任何东西。空处前后是完整的句子，上文表示“我不愿意接受他的建议”，下文表示“我几乎准备尝试任何东西”，上下文语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but连接上下文。故填but。 7．考查形容词。句意：在又一个几乎无眠的夜晚之后，我来到了当地非传统的健康中心，遇到了我所在地区唯一的针灸师。分析句子可知，空处是修饰night的定语，结合上文“After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months”可知，形容词sleepless“失眠的，无眠的”符合题意。故填sleepless。 8．考查副词。句意：我觉得这非常令人印象深刻，因为他没有问我为什么来见他。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词impressive，副词extremely“极度，非常”符合题意。故填extremely。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：我觉得这非常令人印象深刻，因为他没有问我为什么来见他。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作asked的宾语，结合上文“By taking my pulse, looking at my tongue and asking some questions about my diet and lifestyle, he correctly concluded that I was worn out.”可知，从句中缺少原因状语，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：整个经历就像一个奇迹，我做梦也想不到！分析句子可知，空处作miracle的后置定语，是非谓语动词，imagine“想象”和miracle逻辑上是被动关系，且此处侧重描述miracle的性质，应用imagine的过去分词形式。故填imagined。 Passage 5 (23-24高三上·广东深圳龙岗·期末) It’s a race against time. Generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy worked hard 1 (preserve) the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion (侵蚀) by sand and wind. Over the past three decades, the team members 2 (restore) the 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of 3 lasts for about a thousand years “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, 4 (be) to promote the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy. The restorers should respect the original work while 5 (repair) it. When they find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create 6 “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are 7 (witness) of history,” explains Su, “When you seek the so called perfect look 8 artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.” Cave conservation is about solving problems 9 (continuous). It is a long term process, over a much 10 (wide) time span that goes beyond our lifetimes. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible. 【答案】 1．to preserve 2．have restored 3．which 4．is 5．repairing 6．a 7．witnesses 8．for 9．continuously 10．wider 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍敦煌莫高窟的文化遗产保护工作，解释了文物保护的重要性、面临的挑战以及如何进行保护和修复。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管受到风沙侵蚀，敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员努力保护莫高窟的艺术魅力。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to preserve。 2．考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，团队成员已经修复了45000平方米的壁画和2400多座彩雕，这些壁画和彩雕的建造持续了大约一千年。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past three decades”可知，本句时态为现在完成时。故填have restored。 3．考查定语从句。句意：在过去的三十年里，团队成员已经修复了45000平方米的壁画和2400多座彩雕，这些壁画和彩雕的建造持续了大约一千年。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画)and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site”，在定语从句中担当介词of后的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“我们的工作，修复壁画和彩雕，是为了弘扬伟大的敦煌精神，向世界包容，激励现代人，”敦煌研究院院长苏波民说。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“our work”，单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。 5．考查状语从句的省略。句意：修复者在修复时应尊重原作。这里为状语从句的省略，状语从句的主语为主句主语，即“The restorers”，完整形式为“while they are repairing”，可省略为“while repairing”。故填repairing。 6．考查冠词。句意：当他们发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。 7．考查名词的数。句意：“文物是历史的见证，”苏解释说，“当你因为艺术原因而寻求所谓的完美外观时，你将失去其关键意义。”根据空前的“are”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填witnesses。 8．考查固定短语。句意：“文物是历史的见证，”苏解释说，“当你因为艺术原因而寻求所谓的完美外观时，你将失去其关键意义。”固定短语：look for，意为“寻求”，符合句意。故填for。 9．考查副词。句意：洞穴保护就是要不断解决问题。修饰动词“solve”用副词形式。故填continuously。 10．考查比较级。句意：这是一个长期的过程，时间跨度远超过我们的一生。根据句意以及空前的“much”可推测，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填wider。 Passage 6 (23-24高三上·广东深圳罗湖·期末) Xuan paper is known as the “Paper of Ages” for its many unique qualities. The term Xuan paper first appeared in a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in 1 he described Xuan paper as 2 ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 3 (extreme) demanding. Sandalwood bark(檀香树皮), a plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years 4 it can transform into a batch of fine Xuan paper. The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master 5 (limit) steps. The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, 6 (determine) the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with 7 (it) excellent ability to give full play to ink. Different rates of bark to straw during the paper-making process can create different paper best suited 8 artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy. Xuan paper 9 (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese artists for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time, which has made it possible 10 (preserve) many valuable works from ancient China. Paper-making is a wisdom of the ancient Chinese, and Xuan paper is the peak of paper-making. 【答案】 1．which 2．an 3．extremely 4．before 5．limited 6．determines 7．its 8．to/for 9．has accompanied/has been accompanying 10．to preserve 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宣纸的历史发展和制作过程。 1．考查定语从句。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐朝学者张彦元的一本书中，他在书中把宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为book，指代事物，作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查冠词。句意：同上。名词短语ideal carrier是单数泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。ideal首字母的发音为元音音素，故填an。 3．考查副词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。修饰形容词demanding应用副词。故填extremely。 4．考查连词。句意：檀香树皮是一种原产于中国南方的植物，它与稻草一起经过108道工序，在三年的时间里，才能变成一批精美的宣纸。根据句意可知，在变成精美的宣纸之前需要许多工序和时间，应用连词before引导时间状语从句。故填before。 5．考查形容词。句意：整个过程是如此复杂，即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有限的步骤。修饰名词steps应用其形容词limited“有限的”作定语，符合句意。故填limited。 6．考查时态。句意：水墨的流动，受水的引导和阻力，决定了中国艺术的输出，并且宣纸以其出色的发挥水墨的能力而出类拔萃。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语The flow of ink为单数，谓语动词用三单形式，故填determines。 7．考查代词。句意：同上。限定名词短语excellent ability用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 8．考查介词。句意：在造纸过程中，树皮和稻草的不同比例可以创造出最适合写意水墨画或书法艺术表现的不同纸张。（be）suited to/for“适合于”是固定搭配。故填to/for。 9．考查时态。句意：几千年来，宣纸一直伴随着中国艺术家的激情笔触。根据句意和时间状语or thousands of years可知，此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在或者表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，还可能继续下去。主谓一致，故填has accompanied/has been accompanying。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他形式的纸不同，它很能抵抗时间带来的破坏，这使得许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存。分析可知，动词make后接复合宾语，it为形式宾语，此处应用不定式作真正宾语。故填to preserve。 Passage 7 (23-24高三上·广东汕头·期末) On a chilly December morning in Beijing, Zhang Ting 1 (rise) at 6 a.m. and started to dress for her trip to the Summer Palace. Two hours later, the stylish 28-year-old, a hip-hop singer-songwriter, 2 (wear) hanfu — traditional Chinese costume, arrived at the Summer Palace, an imperial garden established during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and 3 UNESCO World Heritage site. She visited here 4 (gain) inspiration for a new song, for which she planned to mix elements of 5 (tradition) Chinese culture with her own style of music, known as guo feng, or music with a Chinese flavor. Zhang joined a workshop 6 (launch) by a platform aimed at supporting and cultivating original Chinese music and independent 7 (musician) from China. Soon afterward, she wrote the song Hong Yu in memory of Liang Hongyu, a respected heroine during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). “Images of these female roles came instantly to mind 8 I saw the ancient stage at the Summer Palace,” she said. The three-day activity brought together singer-songwriters from around the country and targeted new songs featuring elements of guo feng. Li Liang, head of the program, said, “Young people grow up with the Internet and are open 9 different cultures. They are now embracing 10 (they) own cultural aesthetics (美学), which is meaningful.” 【答案】 1．rose 2．wearing 3．a 4．to gain 5．traditional 6．launched 7．musicians 8．when 9．to 10．their 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年创作型歌手张婷从中国传统文化吸取灵感，创作国风歌曲。 1．考查动词时态。句意：在北京十二月的一个寒冷早晨，张婷早上6点起床，开始为她的颐和园之旅穿衣服。根据句中的“On a chilly December morning in Beijing”和started可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填rose。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：两个小时后，这位时尚的28岁嘻哈创作歌手，穿着中国传统服装——汉服，来到了颐和园，这是一座建于清朝（1644-1911）的皇家园林，也是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。分析句子结构，本句的谓语是arrived，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语the stylish 28-year-old和wear之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填wearing。 3．考查冠词。句意参考上题。根据空后的“UNESCO World Heritage site”可知，这里泛指一个联合国教科文组织世界遗产，且UNESCO的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：她来到这里是为了获得一首新歌的灵感，她计划将中国传统文化的元素与自己的音乐风格相结合，也就是国风（中国风音乐）。根据句意并分析句子，这里表示目的，应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to gain。 5．考查形容词。句意参考上题。空处应用形容词作定语修饰Chinese culture。traditional意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：张参加了一个由一个平台发起的研讨会，该平台旨在支持和培养中国原创音乐和独立音乐人。分析句子结构，本句的谓语是joined，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语a workshop和launch之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填launched。 7．考查名词复数。句意参考上题。musician意为“音乐人”，为可数名词。空前没有表示数量的限定词，所以应用名词复数。故填musicians。 8．考查世间状语从句。句意：她说：“当我看到颐和园的古老舞台时，我立刻想到了这些女性角色的形象。”根据句意并分析句子，空处应用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。故填when。 9．考查介词。句意：年轻人伴随着互联网长大，对不同的文化持开放态度。固定搭配be open to意为“对……持开放态度”，to是介词。故填to。 10．考查代词。句意：他们现在正在接受自己的文化美学，这很有意义。空处应用形容词性物主代词their，作定语修饰aesthetics。故填their。 Passage 8 (23-24高三上·广东·期末) Recently, Chinese netizens expressed 1 (amaze) at a map full of dotted signs. Wu Yunjie is the map maker, who is 2 (passion) about cultural relics. Clearly marking the country’s historic sites was once his pursuit, and now with perseverance and commitments 3 (come) the great moment he looks forward to. In 2020, Wu started collecting information. Many historical sites cannot be located 4 (specific) and some information is not fully disclosed, for 5 he spent much time carrying out on-site visits. Though facing difficulties, Wu has joy in this job. Now, the map includes nearly 10,000 historical landmarks using different colors 6 (represent) different categories: Red signs show the cultural relic sites under state protection, while green signs stand for the 7 (protect) historical sites by the provinces. Scattered like stars in the sky and towering on the ground, numerous ancient tall architectures are also marked on the map. The cultural relics recorded on the map account 8 less than 2% of the over 760,000 immovable cultural relics. “If possible, I’d like to document many cultural relics that 9 (lose) overseas for such a long time. Those treasures may not be able to return to their homeland at 10 moment, but the stories they carry are what we need to see.” 【答案】 1．amazement 2．passionate 3．comes 4．specifically 5．which 6．representing 7．protected 8．for 9．have been lost 10．the 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍吴运杰绘制了一幅标志着历史遗迹和文物的地图。 1．考查名词。句意：最近，中国网民对满是虚线的地图表示惊讶。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词amazement，意为“吃惊，惊讶”，作宾语，是不可数名词。故填amazement。 2．考查形容词。句意：吴运杰是一位热衷于文物事业的地图制作者。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，意为“对……热衷的”。故填passionate。 3．考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：清楚地标记这个国家的历史遗迹曾经是他的追求，现在，凭借毅力和承诺，他期待着伟大的时刻到来。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子有now作时间状语，所以谓语用一般现在时，主语是the great moment，谓语用第三人称单数。故填comes。 4．考查副词。句意：许多历史遗迹无法具体定位，一些信息也没有完全披露，为此他花了很多时间进行现场考察。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，作状语，修饰动词located。故填specifically。 5．考查定语从句。句意：见第4题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作介词for的宾语，指物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，该地图包括近1万个历史地标，使用不同的颜色代表不同的类别：红色标志表示国家保护的文物遗址，绿色标志表示各省保护的历史遗址。根据句子结构和意思可知，动词represent是被修饰的名词colors主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填representing。 7．考查介词。句意：见第6题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，动词protect和被修饰的名词sites是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作定语。故填protected。 8．考查动词短语。句意：地图上记载的文物在76万多处不可移动文物中所占比例不到2%。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语account for，意为“（数量或比例上）占”。故填for。 9．考查动词语态。句意：如果可能的话，我想记录下许多在海外流失了这么长时间的文物。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子有for such a long time作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是先行词relics，和动词lose是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态结构，助动词用have。故填have been lost。 10．考查冠词。句意：这些宝藏现在可能无法回到他们的祖国，但它们所承载的故事是我们需要看到的。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词短语at the moment，意为“目前，现在”。故填the。 Passage 9 (24-25高三上·广东执信中学·期末) The history of incense (香) in China dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475—221 BC), 1 it was used for ceremonial and religious purposes. The Song Dynasty (960—1279) saw incense evolve into an elegant art form 2 (know) as xiangdao, or “the way of incense”, which 3 (involve) making and enjoying incense in a mindful manner then. A growing number of Chinese youths are being drawn to the 4 (spirit) and healing aspects of Chinese incense, which they see as a way to relieve the stress of modern life. Wang Siran, who works and lives in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, values incense burning for its aesthetics (美学). “The floating 5 (trail) of smoke, along with the delicate, minimalistic incense burners, make incense 6 visually pleasing addition to my home, introducing an element of traditional Chinese culture,” she said. Wang learned about the use of Chinese incense from social media platforms, where influential bloggers share images and videos of their incense ceremonies, 7 (detail) the types of incense they use, traditions around burning it, 8 its benefits for mental well-being. Wang said Xi’an’s ancient attractions draw Sinophiles (喜爱中国者) to the city, 9 coffee shops, bookstores and restaurants using Chinese incense to attract customers. Just like hanfu, which is popular among young Chinese, the use of incense represents a bridge between the past and present, allowing them 10 (slow) down, find calm and reconnect with a piece of their heritage. 【答案】 1．when 2．known 3．involved 4．spiritual 5．trails 6．a 7．detailing 8．and 9．with 10．to slow 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新一代的中国年轻人用传统的仪式——熏香，来缓解现代生活的压力，找到平静并与自己国家的文化遗产重新建立联系。 1．考查定语从句。句意：中国香的历史可以追溯到春秋战国时期（公元前770年-公元前476年），当时它被用于祭祀和宗教目的。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475-221 BC)，从句中缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：宋朝（960-1279）时期，香演变成了一种优雅的艺术形式——香道，当时它包括有意识地制作和品香。句中saw为谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词art form，且art form与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词known作后置定语。故填known。 3．考查时态。句意：同上。根据后文then可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填involved。 4．考查形容词。句意：越来越多的中国青年被中国香的精神和治愈方面所吸引，他们将其视为缓解现代生活压力的一种方式。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词aspects，再结合句意可知，此处意为“精神的”是spiritual。故填spiritual。 5．考查名词。句意：她说：“袅袅升起的烟缕，加上精致简约的香炉，使香成为家中一道悦目的景致，为家中增添了中国传统文化的元素。”trail意为“痕迹，一缕”，为可数名词，根据后文make可知，主语应该使用复数形式。故填trails。 6．考查冠词。句意：同上。此处表示“使香成为我家视觉上令人愉悦的补充”，addition为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故使用不定冠词。a visually pleasing addition to my home作宾语补足语。且visually pleasing为读音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：王从社交媒体平台上了解了中国香的使用，在那里有影响力的博主分享了他们的香道仪式图片和视频，详细介绍了他们使用的香的种类、烧香的传统以及它对精神健康的益处。句中share为谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，detail与逻辑主语bloggers之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式detailing作状语。故填detailing。 8．考查连词。句意：同上。设空处使用连词将列举的三种事物：types，traditions以及benefits构成并列关系进行连接，应用连词and。故填and。 9．考查介词。句意：王说，西安的古迹吸引着中国迷们来到这座城市，咖啡馆、书店和餐馆用中国香来吸引顾客。此处为with的复合结构即with+宾语+doing的结构，使用现在分词作宾补结构，表示“咖啡馆、书店和餐馆用中国香来吸引顾客”。故填with。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：就像在中国年轻人中很受欢迎的汉服一样，香的使用代表着过去与现在之间的桥梁，使他们能够放慢脚步，找到平静，并与自己文化遗产的一部分重新联系起来。allow sb to do sth为固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处指“允许他们放慢脚步”。故填to slow。 主题06 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东深圳市龙岗·期末) Most architects look to control nature, while Yu Kongjian, a Chinese landscape architect, wants nature to take over. Intense storms are on the rise and cities across the world are finding 1 difficult to manage floodwaters. But instead of using concrete-based engineering ways 2 (defend) against the increasing floodwaters, Mr. Yu is developing 3 might seem like an unexpected response: Let the water in. “You cannot fight water,” Mr. Yu said. “You have to adapt to it.” He wants to reduce the destructive force of floodwaters 4 slowing them and giving them room to spread out. Mr. Yu calls 5 concept “sponge city (海绵城市)” and says it’s like doing tai chi with water, a reference to the Chinese martial art in which an opponent’s energy and moves 6 (redirect), not resisted. The problem with concrete-based solutions 7 (be) that they are expensive, lack 8 (flexible) and require constant maintenance. Sponge cities create new parks, restore wetlands and set up rain gardens and pavements. Mr. Yu’s proposal is this: Create areas with porous (多孔的) earth where local plants can grow well with little maintenance. If it rains, the earth and plants will absorb the water, preventing some or even all of it from flooding nearby areas. Any extra water not 9 (absorb) by the vegetation will at least be slowed, unlike concrete, which can instead 10 (dangerous) speed up water flow. 【答案】 1．it 2．to defend 3．what 4．by/through 5．the/this 6．are redirected 7．is 8．flexibility 9．absorbed 10．dangerously 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国景观设计师俞孔坚的“海绵城市”理念，他主张让自然接管而非控制自然，特别是在应对城市洪水问题上，他提倡让水自然流入并通过多孔土壤和植物吸收来减缓水流，减少洪水的破坏力。 1．考查代词。句意：强烈的风暴正在增加，世界各地的城市都发现很难管理洪水。此处是固定搭配：find+it+形容词+to do，其中it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故填it。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，俞先生并没有使用基于混凝土的工程方法来抵御不断增加的洪水，而是想出了一个看似出人意料的应对办法：让水进来。此处是固定搭配：use sth to do意为“用某物做某事”。故填to defend。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：但是，俞先生并没有使用基于混凝土的工程方法来抵御不断增加的洪水，而是想出了一个看似出人意料的应对办法：让水进来。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用what引导。故填what。 4．考查介词。句意：他想通过减缓洪水的速度和给洪水扩散的空间来减少洪水的破坏力。空后是动名词，所以空处应填介词，根据句意，表达“通过”之意，可用介词by或者through。故填by/through。 5．考查限定词。句意：俞先生把这个概念称为“海绵城市”，他说这就像用水打太极，这是一种中国武术，对手的能量和动作是被转移的，而不是被抵抗的。根据后文“sponge city”可知，此处特指“海绵城市”这个概念，此处既可以用冠词the表特指，也可用形容词this修饰。故填the/this。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：俞先生把这个概念称为“海绵城市”，他说这就像用水打太极，这是一种中国武术，对手的能量和动作是被转移的，而不是被抵抗的。本句是in which引导的定语从句，redirect作从句谓语，和主语an opponent’s energy and moves之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据前文的says和calls可知，用一般现在时。故填are redirected。 7．考查动时态和主谓一致。句意：基于混凝土的解决方案的问题在于它们昂贵，缺乏灵活性并且需要不断维护。be动词作本句谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The problem为第三人称单数。故填is。 8．考查名词。句意：基于混凝土的解决方案的问题在于它们昂贵，缺乏灵活性并且需要不断维护。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，flexible的名词形式是flexibility。故填flexibility。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：任何没有被植被吸收的额外水分至少会被减缓，而不像混凝土会危险地加速水流。本句已有谓语动词will be slowed，所以absorb用非谓语形式，根据空后的by可知，用过去分词表被动。故填absorbed。 10．考查副词。句意：任何没有被植被吸收的额外水分至少会被减缓，而不像混凝土会危险地加速水流。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故填dangerously。 Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东梅州·期末) Diesel engines (柴油机) work on the same basic principles 1 gasoline engines, but they do the work differently. Let’s take a closer look. The story of the diesel engine actually begins with the invention of the gasoline engine. Nikolaus August Otto 2 (invent) the gasoline engine in 1861. His invention used the four-stroke combustion (四冲程燃烧) principle, also known as the “Otto Cycle”, 3 is the basis for most car engines today. In its early stage, the gasoline engine wasn’t very efficient, and other major methods of transportation, such as the steam engine, performed 4 (poor) as well. Only about 10 percent of the fuel 5 (use) to power these types of engines actually moved a vehicle. The rest of the fuel simply produced useless heat. Rudolf Diesel created an engine with high efficiency, and he devoted much of his time to 6 (develop) a “combustion power engine”. By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for 7 we now call the diesel engine. For decades, diesel engines had a reputation for being dirty and loud. While Europe adopted the technology pretty widely, most 8 (drive) in the United States said, “No, thank you.” By the 21st century, though diesel engines became far cleaner, much 9 (quiet) and even more efficient, they experienced a setback in popular opinion because of a scandal (丑闻) in 2014. Thanks to 10 (they) proven efficiency, though, diesel engines are regaining some ground. 【答案】 1．as 2．invented 3．which 4．poorly 5．used 6．developing 7．what 8．drivers 9．quieter 10．their 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了柴油发动机与汽油发动机的历史。 1．考查介词。句意：柴油发动机的工作原理与汽油发动机相同，但工作却不同。the same… as…意为“与……一样” 是固定搭配。故填as。 2．考查动词时态。句意：1861年，尼古拉·奥古斯特·奥托发明了汽油发动机。根据句中的时间状语in 1861可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用invent“发明”的过去式。故填invented。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他的发明使用了四冲程燃烧原理，也被称为“Otto Cycle”，这是今天大多数汽车发动机的基础。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是four-stroke combustion (四冲程燃烧) principle，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查副词。句意：在早期阶段，汽油发动机的效率并不高，而其他主要的交通工具，如蒸汽机，也表现不佳。此处修饰动词performed，要用副词poorly“糟糕地，不如意”，作状语。故填poorly。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：只有大约10%的燃料用于驱动这些类型的引擎，真正移动车辆。本句谓语为moved，此处应用非谓语动词，而且use“使用”和fuel之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词used，作后置定语。故填used。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：鲁道夫·迪塞尔创造了一种高效率的发动机，他花了很多时间研制一种“燃烧动力发动机”。devote one’s time to doing sth.“投入时间做某事”，所以此处空前的to是介词，develop“研制”用动名词形式，作介词to的宾语。故填developing。 7．考查名词性从句。句意：到1892年，迪塞尔获得了我们现在所说的柴油机的专利。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少call的宾语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。 8．考查名词复数。句意：虽然欧洲广泛采用了这项技术，但美国的大多数司机说：“不，谢谢。”此处缺少句子主语，此处是指“司机”，故用driver，结合句意和空前的most可知，司机不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填drivers。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：到了21世纪，尽管柴油发动机变得更清洁、更安静、甚至更高效，但由于2014年的一起丑闻，它们在公众舆论中遭遇了挫折。此处用quiet“安静”的比较级quieter，quieter与空前的比较级cleaner和空后的比较级more efficient并列。故填quieter。 10．考查代词。句意：然而，由于其已被证明的效率，柴油发动机正在重新获得一些地位。故此处用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”，作定语，修饰空后名词proven efficiency。故填their。 主题07 人与自然——环境保护 (24-25高三上·广东深圳罗湖·期末) The Dongjiang River in southern China provides drinking water for 40 million people, including those in Hong Kong and rural areas. However, this vital resource had become 1 (critical) threatened by sewage (污水). With continuous pollutant emissions, it no longer qualifies 2 a safe source of drinking water. To address this challenge, a nature-inspired system which harmonizes 3 (engineer) practices and nature’s wisdom was put into place. This system, which 4 (function)similarly to wetlands in purifying water, is low both in cost and maintenance. These artificial ecosystems,   5 pollutants are absorbed and broken down, are highly effective. Compared to conventional methods, they are much 6 (efficient) in reducing pollution. The project also provides 7 inviting habitat for local wildlife, including fish, frog and insects. Since the project began, residents 8 (see) a steady rise in the amount of wildlife in the area. This innovation makes itself 9 (recognize) as a model of innovation in environmental conservation. By adopting nature-inspired strategies, it offers 10 (insight) solutions to preserve the local ecosystems and promote sustainable development at the same time. 【答案】 1．critically 2．as 3．engineering 4．functions 5．where 6．more efficient 7．an 8．have seen 9．recognized 10．insightful 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方的东江河为4000万人提供饮用水，但受到了污水的严重威胁。为了解决这一问题，人们采用了一个将工程实践与自然智慧相结合的自然启发系统。 1．考查副词。句意：然而，这一重要资源已受到污水的严重威胁。此处修饰动词threatened，应用副词作状语，表示程度上的加深。故填critically。 2．考查介词。句意：随着污染物的持续排放，它不再符合安全饮用水的标准。qualify as为固定短语，意为“符合……的资格或条件”。故填as。 3．考查形容词。句意：为了解决这一挑战，人们建立了一个将工程实践与自然智慧相结合的自然启发系统。此处修饰名词practices，应用形容词，表示“工程的”。故填engineering。 4．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这个系统像湿地净化水一样工作，在成本和维护方面都很低。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时，which代替先行词this system作主语，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填functions。 5．考查定语从句。句意：这些人工生态系统，污染物被吸收和分解，非常有效。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ecosystems，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：与传统方法相比，它们在减少污染方面效率更高。根据前文Compared to以及much可知，此处表示比较，需用形容词比较级。故填more efficient。 7．考查冠词。句意：该项目还为当地野生动物，包括鱼类、青蛙和昆虫，提供了一个诱人的栖息地。habitat为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且inviting发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。 8．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自项目开始以来，居民们发现该地区的野生动物数量稳步增长。根据时间状语Since the project began可知，此处用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have seen。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一创新使其本身被公认为环境保护创新的典范。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，主语itself和recognize之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填recognized。 10．考查形容词。句意：通过采用自然启发的策略，它提供了富有洞察力的解决方案，旨在保护当地生态系统，同时促进可持续发展。此处修饰名词solutions，应用形容词，表示“富有洞察力的”。故填insightful。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 语法填空 主题 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 (23-24高三上·广东揭阳汕尾·期末) During the Tang Dynasty, poet Li Bai wrote a poem about the tough journey to Shu, comparing it to scaling the vast blue sky. The Shu Roads are named 1 the ancient state of Shu. The builders of the expressway 2 (link) Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region. Extending for 219 kilometers, the expressway lies at 3 height of over 3,300 metres. This means that the annual average temperature is just 1.4°C, and can drop as low as -36℃. Since the construction began in 2020, this extreme climate 4 (limit) work to roughly six months a year. The 5 (hard) section was the 5.5-km Shenzuo tunnel, running through weak and jointed rock masses and 6 (exceptional) complicated land conditions. Ma Kelin, the only female project manager, has learned a tough lesson since she joined the project. It took her over a month 7 (recover) from vomiting and breathlessness. The expressway, with an 8 (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. Many of those 9 live along its length are waiting, expecting it to contribute to economic development. The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential 10 (tourist) attracted by the new road. 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 (24-25高三上·广东揭阳·期末) On the streets of Shanghai, you can often see a young French woman leading a group of tourists around the city on citywalks, introducing the history and culture of the big city to them in Chinese, English and French. Clarisse Le Guernic runs a cultural company that has taken it 1 its mission to help locals and foreigners better understand Shanghai by the concept of citywalks. After coming to study in Shanghai in 2015, she 2 (regard) the city as her second hometown ever since. “ 3 I’m a foreigner, the city is no stranger to me,” she joked. Le Guernic’s story with China began back in 2008, 4 she chose Chinese as her second foreign language in middle school. 5 couple of years later during her second year of high school, she visited China for the first time together with her classmates. During that visit, they traveled to several famous places, such as the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. In addition to 6 (visit) historic sites, they also attended classes with Chinese students. The short journey left a deep impression on her. “I really longed for more 7 (opportunity) to go to China and experience the local life 8 (I),”she said. After her graduation from college, she chose 9 (settle) down in Shanghai and launch her own business. With Shanghai’s 10 (friend) business environment for foreign firms, she was able to register her company within two weeks in April 2020. Her company provides citywalk tours to help tourists experience Shanghai. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 (23-24高三上·广东深圳宝安·期末) A 16-year-old girl from Changsha, Hunan Province, reached the top of Qomolangma with success, 1 (become) the youngest Chinese female to conquer (征服) the world’s highest mountain from the southern slope. Xu is a first-year high school student. In April, she left Changsha for Nepal, began her trek(涉) from Lukla, arrived at the base camp 2 started her altitude adjustment training. At 10 pm Beijing time on May 14, Xu started trekking from Camp 4 at 3   altitude of 7, 950 meters. After a hard 10-hour climb, she 4 (successful) reached the top. Xu’s father was the first person from Hunan Province 5 (reach) the top of Qomolangma. Influenced by her father, Xu 6 (explore)remote areas with him since she was very young. Despite her young age, Xu has already climbed five mountains over 5, 000 meters in China. Although Xu has rich climbing experience, she gets high-intensity 7 (profession) training non-stop to conquer Qomolangma. Last year, she climbed Mount Muztagata, 8   stands 7, 546 meters. ”Human beings 9 (be)small in the face of nature. We should respect nature and get closer to Qomolangma,” said Xu. She hopes to conquer the highest peak in each of the seven 10 (continent)and to be able to reach the North Pole and South Pole one day. 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东深圳宝安·期末) The University of Arizona announced on Monday that Native American students no longer would have to pay tuition or fees at 1 (it) main campus in Tucson. The university hopes the new program better 2 (serve) the state’s large native population. The program, a first of its kind in an Arizona public university, will be 3 (avail) for students registered to any of the state’s 22 4 (federal) recognized tribes (部落). More than 400 current students will be qualified at the school’s main campus in Tucson, 5 the tuition currently is $12,700 per semester. “The University of Arizona is committed to recognizing and 6 (acknowledge) the history endured by Native American communities,” Kasey Urquidez, the school’s vice president of enrollment management, said in a statement. “We are committed to promoting success 7 access for Native American students.” The University of Arizona joins 8 number of other public universities offering free tuition to Native American students, including state schools in California, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana and Oregon. The goal of the programs is 9 (erase) some of the barriers to entry for tribal students. About a quarter of Native American students pursue higher education, 10 (compare) to 40% of students overall, according to the Postsecondary National Policy Institute. Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东潮州·期末) Zibo city in Shandong province has gone viral on Chinese social media since late February for its local barbecue specialty. Then, the local government takes the opportunity 1 (promote) tourism and spending. On March 31, the Jinan Bureau of China Railway 2 (add) a weekend special round trip “barbecue tour” train between Jinan and Zibo. 3 latest promotion gives visitors a free 4 (admit) to 10 scenic spots in the city with their train tickets as long as their final destination is Zibo. Barbecue is popular in China, 5 Zibo’s barbecue differs in three ways it’s made on a stove, and is served with flatbread (小饼) and dressings (蘸料). The skewers (烤串) are 70-80 percent cooked before being brought to the table, on 6 diners can finish cooking them on their own stoves, 7 (lead) to a sense of participation. Diners are served flatbread and other dressings at the table so they are able to assemble their own barbecue parcels, in much the same way Peking duck is eaten. The barbecue 8 (unexpected) went viral after a group of college students shot videos of themselves enjoying a meal and posted them on social media 9 February. Since then, many people, mostly the young, 10 (attract) to the city from all over the country to try the dish 主题04 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东汕头·期末) Since its release two months ago, Black Myth: Wukong 1 (attract) global audiences worldwide. Beyond the gameplay, the game’s beautifully animated shorts, 2 are shown at the end of each chapter, have received widespread approval. Most notably, the hidden ending short Unfinished, which, at just five minutes long, showcases the artistry and dedication of some of China’s 3 (fine) animators, has amazed viewers with its unique style. Director Yang Tingmu reflects on the creative process and inspirations that shaped the film’s distinctive style, 4 (note) that the short carries on the tradition of Journey to the West. It includes lines 5 (speak) by the Buddha, taken directly from the original novel, and music from the 1986 TV series. Its visual style is inspired by Lian huan hua, 6 distinctly Chinese yet relatively uncommon style in animation, while Sun Wukong’s design draws from Peking Opera aesthetics (造型). According to Yang, making Chinese culture accessible globally depends on adapting traditional stories through modern techniques. Some techniques are employed 7 (create) the classic atmosphere of Journey to the West, such as traditional Chinese Bai miao line art. However, creating animation in this style presented challenges. For example, many animation techniques rely on established 8 (pattern). Through hard work, Unfinished has received high praise 9 both domestic and international fans. Yang owes this success to the strong foundation laid by the game 10 (it). Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东东莞·期末) Every four years the best players in the world gather for one month in summer to take part in the biggest event in football—the World Cup. 1 will be very different when the 2030 edition rolls around. In October, FIFA released a statement 2 the 2030 FIFA World Cup will take place in six countries across three continents to celebrate the soccer tournament’s 100th anniversary. Morocco, Portugal and Spain are combined applicants to host most of the 3 (match), while Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina are targeted to host kickoff games 4 (respective) to begin the 2030 World Cup. “The World Cup’s first match was hosted in Uruguay in 1930, so the centennial (百周年的) World Cup could not be far from South America,   5 everything began,” said 6 FIFA officer. He added, “We will have a unique 7 (globe) footprint in 2030 welcoming and uniting the world while 8 (celebrate) together the beautiful game and the centennial World Cup.” Actually, the 2026 World Cup 9 (hold) in cities across America, Canada and Mexico, the first time it will be played across three host nations. The current size of the World Cup, 32 teams, increases 10 48 in the 2026 event. 主题05 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东清远清新区四校·期末) Any visitor to the Chinese Culture Week being held at the University of Tehran would be amazed by the Chinese tea, food, and various artworks produced through Chinese knotting and 1 (tradition) paper cutting — all displayed by Iranian students learning Chinese. The Chinese Culture Week aims 2 (introduce) Chinese culture to more Iranians. Held inside the lobby of the institute, which 3 (establish) in 2009, the event displayed a range of artworks that contain different 4 (element) of Chinese culture, produced by Iranian professors and students at the university. “ 5 (give) China’s increasing global influence, as well as its friendly and expanded relations with Iran, learning about the country directly is becoming 6 (vital) important,” said Hamed Vafaei, the Iranian director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Tehran. He believes that the students who are studying 7 Chinese language at the institute will enter different sectors of Iranian society in the near future, helping more people to get to know more about China. China is the world’s second-largest economy, the most populous country, 8 a permanent member of the UN Security Council, so learning Chinese has become a necessity as many around the world have realized, he said. “Each of the students here is a window toward China, 9 (help) the Iranian people have a more realistic picture of the country, which will make 10 possible to improve bilateral relations in the long run,” he added. Passage 2 (24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末) Dressed in traditional hanfu, Wang Zijun, manager of a coffee shop, elegantly serves steaming coffee and snacks 1 customers. The coffee shop lies in the Huizhou ancient town, a popular tourist destination in Shexian County, east China’s Anhui Province. It’s decorated with 2 (tradition) calligraphy and colorful fish-shaped lanterns. “The leisurely pace in the Chinese-style coffee shops matches well with the 3 (attract) of the old street,” said Wang. The town also introduces visitors to cultural products, martial arts performances and local snacks. Here, a show, based on local history and old tales, attracts the audience because it makes people feel like they’re 4 (real) in it. According to Jiang Guangyu, the performance director, a single show attracts 5 audience of over 1,800 during the peak season. “Our stories are inspired by local old tales, combining entertainment with cultural preservation,” said Jiang. In Yihuawan Cultural Tourism Town, 1 (locate) in Anhui’s Susong County, visitors can hike through jungle-filled valleys, pick fresh fruit and vegetables, and admire seas of flowers 2 are in full blossom throughout the year. Since 2023, the town 3 (sell) over 1 million flower seedlings. It’s also created more than 400 local jobs, 4 (boost) the average annual household income by 6,000 yuan. In the 5 (one) three quarters of 2024, rural tourism across China received about 2.25 billion visits, a year-on-year increase of 15.5 percent, with the total income reaching about 183.7 billion US dollars. Passage 3 (24-25高三上·广东华附 省实 广雅 深中四校联考·期末) Peru is an underrated culinary powerhouse. Its long coastline, vast Andes mountains, and tropical rain forests have given rise to its rich food and culinary culture. Beyond local flavors, Peruvian cuisine also blends influences from Asia, Africa, and Europe. And the fusion of cooking styles has created 1 (incredible) delicious results. A must-try dish from 2 world-renowned melting pot is lomo saltado — marinated (腌制的) strips of steak stir-fry with soy sauce, chopped red onions, tomatoes, crispy French fries and the unmissable ají amarillo chili pepper (黄辣椒), 3 (serve) with rice on the side. Very flavorful, yet not spicy, lomo saltado never fails to impress 4 (dine) in Peru and beyond. Lomo saltado is almost like a metaphor for modern-day culture: key ingredients from different corners of the world 5 combine to create something new and characteristic — ají amarillo and potato from Peru, beef from Spain. Spaniards are also believed 6 (introduce) rice to Peru in the early years of the colony. The last key player in the recipe: China. Thousands of Cantonese 7 (immigrate) to Peru in the mid-nineteenth century, introducing the wok, soy sauce and the concept of stir-frying. We can guess that 8 some point in the early twentieth century, a bold cook used his or her creativity to take the above foods and stir fry 9 in a wok. Voila, a culinary superstar was born. And it is 10 a culinary journey to South America should start with. Passage 4 (23-24高三上·广东华南师范大学附属中学、实验中学、广雅中学、深圳高级中学四校联考·期末) Traditional Chinese medicine 1 (practise) for around 3,000 years in the Far East, but is relatively recent in the West. People are becoming increasingly worried about the side effects of drugs, and are turning to treatments such as yoga and acupuncture (针灸) 2 (add) to, or sometimes even replace, Western medicine. An event in my life changed my attitude towards acupuncture. After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months, I 3 (feel) mentally and physically exhausted, nearing my breaking point. A trip 4 my doctor and nightly beer and whisky failed to bring any 5 (relieve) from my condition. A friend suggested that I visit an acupuncturist. With a fear of needles, I was reluctant to take his advice, 6 by this time I was so tired that I was ready to try almost anything. After another nearly 7 (sleep) night, I turned up in the local alternative health centre and met the only acupuncturist in my area. By taking my pulse, looking at my tongue and asking some questions about my diet and lifestyle, he correctly concluded that I was worn out. I found this 8 (extreme) impressive and amazing since he hadn’t asked me 9 I had come to see him. He then inserted a fine needle in my right foot, and I fell asleep immediately. The whole experience was like a miracle never 10 (imagine) in my wildest dreams! Passage 5 (23-24高三上·广东深圳龙岗·期末) It’s a race against time. Generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy worked hard 1 (preserve) the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion (侵蚀) by sand and wind. Over the past three decades, the team members 2 (restore) the 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of 3 lasts for about a thousand years “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, 4 (be) to promote the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy. The restorers should respect the original work while 5 (repair) it. When they find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create 6 “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are 7 (witness) of history,” explains Su, “When you seek the so called perfect look 8 artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.” Cave conservation is about solving problems 9 (continuous). It is a long term process, over a much 10 (wide) time span that goes beyond our lifetimes. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible. Passage 6 (23-24高三上·广东深圳罗湖·期末) Xuan paper is known as the “Paper of Ages” for its many unique qualities. The term Xuan paper first appeared in a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in 1 he described Xuan paper as 2 ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 3 (extreme) demanding. Sandalwood bark(檀香树皮), a plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years 4 it can transform into a batch of fine Xuan paper. The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master 5 (limit) steps. The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, 6 (determine) the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with 7 (it) excellent ability to give full play to ink. Different rates of bark to straw during the paper-making process can create different paper best suited 8 artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy. Xuan paper 9 (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese artists for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time, which has made it possible 10 (preserve) many valuable works from ancient China. Paper-making is a wisdom of the ancient Chinese, and Xuan paper is the peak of paper-making. Passage 7 (23-24高三上·广东汕头·期末) On a chilly December morning in Beijing, Zhang Ting 1 (rise) at 6 a.m. and started to dress for her trip to the Summer Palace. Two hours later, the stylish 28-year-old, a hip-hop singer-songwriter, 2 (wear) hanfu — traditional Chinese costume, arrived at the Summer Palace, an imperial garden established during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and 3 UNESCO World Heritage site. She visited here 4 (gain) inspiration for a new song, for which she planned to mix elements of 5 (tradition) Chinese culture with her own style of music, known as guo feng, or music with a Chinese flavor. Zhang joined a workshop 6 (launch) by a platform aimed at supporting and cultivating original Chinese music and independent 7 (musician) from China. Soon afterward, she wrote the song Hong Yu in memory of Liang Hongyu, a respected heroine during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). “Images of these female roles came instantly to mind 8 I saw the ancient stage at the Summer Palace,” she said. The three-day activity brought together singer-songwriters from around the country and targeted new songs featuring elements of guo feng. Li Liang, head of the program, said, “Young people grow up with the Internet and are open 9 different cultures. They are now embracing 10 (they) own cultural aesthetics (美学), which is meaningful.” Passage 8 (23-24高三上·广东·期末) Recently, Chinese netizens expressed 1 (amaze) at a map full of dotted signs. Wu Yunjie is the map maker, who is 2 (passion) about cultural relics. Clearly marking the country’s historic sites was once his pursuit, and now with perseverance and commitments 3 (come) the great moment he looks forward to. In 2020, Wu started collecting information. Many historical sites cannot be located 4 (specific) and some information is not fully disclosed, for 5 he spent much time carrying out on-site visits. Though facing difficulties, Wu has joy in this job. Now, the map includes nearly 10,000 historical landmarks using different colors 6 (represent) different categories: Red signs show the cultural relic sites under state protection, while green signs stand for the 7 (protect) historical sites by the provinces. Scattered like stars in the sky and towering on the ground, numerous ancient tall architectures are also marked on the map. The cultural relics recorded on the map account 8 less than 2% of the over 760,000 immovable cultural relics. “If possible, I’d like to document many cultural relics that 9 (lose) overseas for such a long time. Those treasures may not be able to return to their homeland at 10 moment, but the stories they carry are what we need to see.” Passage 9 (24-25高三上·广东执信中学·期末) The history of incense (香) in China dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475—221 BC), 1 it was used for ceremonial and religious purposes. The Song Dynasty (960—1279) saw incense evolve into an elegant art form 2 (know) as xiangdao, or “the way of incense”, which 3 (involve) making and enjoying incense in a mindful manner then. A growing number of Chinese youths are being drawn to the 4 (spirit) and healing aspects of Chinese incense, which they see as a way to relieve the stress of modern life. Wang Siran, who works and lives in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, values incense burning for its aesthetics (美学). “The floating 5 (trail) of smoke, along with the delicate, minimalistic incense burners, make incense 6 visually pleasing addition to my home, introducing an element of traditional Chinese culture,” she said. Wang learned about the use of Chinese incense from social media platforms, where influential bloggers share images and videos of their incense ceremonies, 7 (detail) the types of incense they use, traditions around burning it, 8 its benefits for mental well-being. Wang said Xi’an’s ancient attractions draw Sinophiles (喜爱中国者) to the city, 9 coffee shops, bookstores and restaurants using Chinese incense to attract customers. Just like hanfu, which is popular among young Chinese, the use of incense represents a bridge between the past and present, allowing them 10 (slow) down, find calm and reconnect with a piece of their heritage. 主题06 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 (24-25高三上·广东深圳市龙岗·期末) Most architects look to control nature, while Yu Kongjian, a Chinese landscape architect, wants nature to take over. Intense storms are on the rise and cities across the world are finding 1 difficult to manage floodwaters. But instead of using concrete-based engineering ways 2 (defend) against the increasing floodwaters, Mr. Yu is developing 3 might seem like an unexpected response: Let the water in. “You cannot fight water,” Mr. Yu said. “You have to adapt to it.” He wants to reduce the destructive force of floodwaters 4 slowing them and giving them room to spread out. Mr. Yu calls 5 concept “sponge city (海绵城市)” and says it’s like doing tai chi with water, a reference to the Chinese martial art in which an opponent’s energy and moves 6 (redirect), not resisted. The problem with concrete-based solutions 7 (be) that they are expensive, lack 8 (flexible) and require constant maintenance. Sponge cities create new parks, restore wetlands and set up rain gardens and pavements. Mr. Yu’s proposal is this: Create areas with porous (多孔的) earth where local plants can grow well with little maintenance. If it rains, the earth and plants will absorb the water, preventing some or even all of it from flooding nearby areas. Any extra water not 9 (absorb) by the vegetation will at least be slowed, unlike concrete, which can instead 10 (dangerous) speed up water flow. Passage 2 (23-24高三上·广东梅州·期末) Diesel engines (柴油机) work on the same basic principles 1 gasoline engines, but they do the work differently. Let’s take a closer look. The story of the diesel engine actually begins with the invention of the gasoline engine. Nikolaus August Otto 2 (invent) the gasoline engine in 1861. His invention used the four-stroke combustion (四冲程燃烧) principle, also known as the “Otto Cycle”, 3 is the basis for most car engines today. In its early stage, the gasoline engine wasn’t very efficient, and other major methods of transportation, such as the steam engine, performed 4 (poor) as well. Only about 10 percent of the fuel 5 (use) to power these types of engines actually moved a vehicle. The rest of the fuel simply produced useless heat. Rudolf Diesel created an engine with high efficiency, and he devoted much of his time to 6 (develop) a “combustion power engine”. By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for 7 we now call the diesel engine. For decades, diesel engines had a reputation for being dirty and loud. While Europe adopted the technology pretty widely, most 8 (drive) in the United States said, “No, thank you.” By the 21st century, though diesel engines became far cleaner, much 9 (quiet) and even more efficient, they experienced a setback in popular opinion because of a scandal (丑闻) in 2014. Thanks to 10 (they) proven efficiency, though, diesel engines are regaining some ground. 主题07 人与自然——环境保护 (24-25高三上·广东深圳罗湖·期末) The Dongjiang River in southern China provides drinking water for 40 million people, including those in Hong Kong and rural areas. However, this vital resource had become 1 (critical) threatened by sewage (污水). With continuous pollutant emissions, it no longer qualifies 2 a safe source of drinking water. To address this challenge, a nature-inspired system which harmonizes 3 (engineer) practices and nature’s wisdom was put into place. This system, which 4 (function)similarly to wetlands in purifying water, is low both in cost and maintenance. These artificial ecosystems,   5 pollutants are absorbed and broken down, are highly effective. Compared to conventional methods, they are much 6 (efficient) in reducing pollution. The project also provides 7 inviting habitat for local wildlife, including fish, frog and insects. Since the project began, residents 8 (see) a steady rise in the amount of wildlife in the area. This innovation makes itself 9 (recognize) as a model of innovation in environmental conservation. By adopting nature-inspired strategies, it offers 10 (insight) solutions to preserve the local ecosystems and promote sustainable development at the same time. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $