专题13 情态动词与虚拟语气（语法知识）-2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题13 情态动词与虚拟语气 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第三部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识清单 一、情态动词的分类及用法 情态动词本身无实际意义，需接动词原形，表达能力、许可、义务、推测等语气，其否定式在词后加 not，疑问式将情态动词提至句首。 （一）表能力：can/could/be able to 1.can：侧重现在或普遍的能力，否定式 can't（不能）。 例句：She can speak three languages.（她会说三种语言。） 2.could：侧重过去的能力，或现在能力的委婉表达。 例句：He could swim when he was five.（他五岁时就会游泳了。） 3.be able to：可用于各种时态，强调通过努力获得的能力。 例句：We will be able to finish the work tomorrow.（我们明天能完成这项工作。） （二）表许可：may/might/can 1.may/might：may 语气更正式，might 更委婉，否定式 may not/might not（不可以）。 例句：You may borrow my book.（你可以借我的书。） 2.can：口语中常用，语气较随意。 例句：Can I use your pen?（我能用一下你的笔吗？） （三）表义务：must/have to/should/ought to 1.must：强调主观义务（必须），否定式 mustn't（禁止），无人称变化。 例句：We must follow the school rules.（我们必须遵守校规。） 2.have to：强调客观要求（不得不），有人称和时态变化。 例句：She has to stay at home to look after her mom.（她不得不待在家照顾妈妈。） 3.should/ought to：表建议或责任（应该），ought to 后接 to do。 例句：You should listen to your parents' advice.（你应该听父母的建议。） We ought to help the poor.（我们应该帮助穷人。） （四）表推测：must/may/might/could/can't 1.must：肯定推测（一定），用于肯定句。 例句：The light is on, so he must be at home.（灯亮着，所以他一定在家。） 2.may/might/could：可能性推测（可能），might/could 语气更弱。 例句：It may rain this afternoon.（今天下午可能下雨。） 3.can't：否定推测（不可能）。 例句：He can't be in the library—he just called me from home.（他不可能在图书馆，他刚在家给我打电话。） 二、虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气表示非真实的假设、愿望或建议，通过动词时态变化体现与事实的差异。 1.条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟场景 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be 用 were） would/could/might/should + 动词原形 If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。） 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/could/might/should + have done If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.（如果她当时更努力学习，就会通过考试了。） 与将来事实相反 ①过去式 ②should + 原形 ③were to + 原形 would/could/might/should + 动词原形 If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。） 2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气 表建议 / 命令 / 要求的动词（suggest/advise/order/demand 等）后接宾语从句：从句用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 例句：The teacher suggested that we (should) read English every day.（老师建议我们每天读英语。） 3.wish 后的宾语从句（表难以实现的愿望） 愿望指向 从句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be 用 were） I wish I were as tall as him.（我希望我和他一样高。） 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 I wish I had seen the film last night.（我希望昨晚看了那部电影。） 与将来事实相反 would/could/might + 动词原形 I wish it would stop raining.（我希望雨能停。） 4.固定句型中的虚拟语气 It is time that...（从句用过去式，表 “该做某事了”）：It is time that we went to bed.（我们该睡觉了。） If only...：（表强烈愿望，用法同 wish 后的从句）：If only I had more money.（要是我有更多钱就好了。） ◇Part 02 核心考点解析 考点 1：情态动词表推测的辨析 【考查要点】 根据语境判断推测的肯定 / 否定语气，区分 must（一定）、may/might（可能）、can't（不可能）的用法。 【示例分析】 — Where is Tom? — He ______ be in the classroom. I saw him there just now. A. must B. may C. can't D. might 解析：由 “刚才看见他在教室” 可确定肯定推测，用 must。答案：A。 考点 2：must 与 have to 的区别 【考查要点】 区分主观义务（must）与客观要求（have to），及 have to 的时态变化。 【示例分析】 We ______ wear masks in public during the pandemic. It was a rule. A. must B. had to C. should D. can 解析：“戴口罩” 是客观规定，且时态为过去时，用 had to。答案：B。 考点 3：与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 【考查要点】 从句用过去式（be 用 were），主句用 “would + 动词原形”，区分虚拟与真实条件句。 【示例分析】 If I ______ a bird, I ______ fly in the sky. A. am; will B. was; would C. were; would D. were; will 解析：“成为鸟” 与现在事实相反，从句 be 用 were，主句用 would。答案：C。 考点 4：与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 【考查要点】 从句用 “had + 过去分词”，主句用 “would have + 过去分词”，通过语境判断过去的非真实情况。 【示例分析】 If you ______ earlier, you ______ the bus. A. came; would catch B. had come; would have caught C. come; will catch D. had come; would catch 解析：“没赶上公交车” 是过去事实，“早点来” 是相反假设，符合过去虚拟结构。答案：B。 考点 5：wish 后的虚拟语气 【考查要点】 根据愿望指向的时间（现在 / 过去 / 将来）选择正确的谓语形式。 【示例分析】 I wish I ______ that mistake yesterday. A. didn't make B. hadn't made C. wouldn't make D. don't make 解析：时间状语 yesterday 表明愿望指向过去，用 hadn't made。答案：B。 考点 6：表建议的动词后的虚拟语气 【考查要点】 suggest/advise 等动词后接宾语从句时，用 “(should)+ 动词原形”，区分 “建议” 与 “暗示” 的不同用法。 【示例分析】 The doctor advised that he ______ more rest. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 解析：advise 表 “建议”，从句用 (should) take，should 省略。答案：A。 考点 7：情态动词 + have done 的用法 【考查要点】 表对过去的推测（may/might have done）或虚拟建议（should have done）。 【示例分析】 You ______ told me earlier. I could have helped you. A. should have B. must have C. may have D. can have 解析：“本应该早点告诉我” 是对过去的虚拟建议，用 should have done。答案：A。 考点 8：与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 【考查要点】 从句三种形式（过去式 /should + 原形 /were to + 原形）的识别与运用。 【示例分析】 If it ______ snow tomorrow, we would build a snowman. A. snows B. snowed C. will snow D. is snowing 解析：“明天下雪” 是可能性极小的假设，从句用过去式 snowed。答案：B。 ◇Part 03 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1．—Must I visit the professor this week? —No, you _________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．needn’t 2．—Must I return this book before Friday, sir? —No, you ________, dear. You can keep it for two weeks. A．can’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．—Must they return the toy truck this Monday? —No, they ________. But they must return it on Thursday. A．mustn’t B．have to C．needn’t D．must 4．The school bag ________ be Teng Fei’s. The name on the bag isn’t his. A．must B．may C．mustn’t D．can’t 5．—Where is Lucy? She _________ be in the classroom, because I saw her there five minutes ago. —Let me check. Maybe she’s still there. A．must B．can’t C．might D．should 6．When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 7．They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it’s time for computer lesson. A．mustn’t; can’t B．can’t; mustn’t C．can; mustn’t D．can’t; must 8．If you don’t want to ________ the exam any more, you ________ work harder. A．take; should B．take; will C．fail; should D．fail; will 9．The Internet in our classroom is too slow, so I ________ go to the library to study. A．must B．can C．should D．have to 10．You ________ get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly. A．must B．can C．should D．need 11．When you are home alone, you ________ answer the door for strangers. A．can B．needn’t C．should D．mustn’t 12．— Dad, ________ I join the robotics programme after school? — Of course you can go for it. A．must B．should C．can D．need 13．—I can’t believe it. Maria has practiced running for two hours. —Yeah. She ________ be very tired now. She needs a good rest. A．can’t B．should C．must D．will 14．You ________ tell him the bad news now, because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．shouldn’t 15．The girl who is playing the piano ________ be Jenny. She is playing the violin over there. A．may B．must C．can’t D．needn’t 16．When the traffic lights are red, you ________ cross the road. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 17．Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can 18．—Linda, ________ I borrow your ruler? I can’t find mine. —Sure, here you are. A．can B．must C．need D．should 19．There ________ a meeting this afternoon. But I am not sure. A．may be B．may have C．must be D．must have 20．—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a good rest and make myself comfortable. A．may B．may not C．must D．can 21．—Must I hand in my homework today? —No, you ________. You can hand it in tomorrow. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 22．To stay healthy, you’d better _________ too much sugary food. A．not to eat B．not eat C．not eating D．not have eaten 23．You ________ to do enough exercise and have good eating habits to keep healthy. A．may B．must C．ought D．should 24．Students ________ to be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. A．should B．must C．ought D．may 25．My sister says she ________ at home by herself. So I have to stay with her today. A．dare not stay B．doesn’t dare stay C．dare not to stay D．doesn’t dare staying 26．My little brother is afraid of dogs. He ______ go near them. A．dare not B．dares not C．dare D．dares 27．— I wonder why you seldom answer questions in English classes. — I want to, but I ________ not speak English in public. A．dare B．must C．need D．can 28．How could you say that to your parents? You’d better ________ them at once. A．not apologize to B．to apologize for C．apologize to D．to apologize to 29．I think you’d better _________ to him and tell him the truth. A．to write B．writing C．write D．to writing 30．You’d better not ________ all the time. Taking breaks can help you focus better on your study. A．study B．to study C．studying D．studied 31．Nowadays, people in China ________ have to take too much cash with them when shopping because they often use Alipay or WeChat pay. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．don’t 32．I have washed all the clothes. You ________ wash them again. A．mustn’t B．oughtn’t to C．don’t have to D．can’t 33．You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 34．The senior manager insisted that the crucial project ________ finished before the end of this week; otherwise, our team would face severe punishment due to the breach of contract. A．must be B．should have been C．would be D．be 35．If you ________ more attention to improving your pronunciation when you were in your early years of learning English, you wouldn’t have such great trouble communicating with native speakers now. A．pay B．paid C．had paid D．would pay 36．I suggested you ________ the foreign students how to greet in Chinese. A．teaching B．to teach C．teach D．taught 37．If I ________ you, I ________ go there with him. A．was, would go B．were, went C．were, would go D．was, went 38．If there ________ no modern telecommunications, we ________ wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A．would have; had to B．are; would have to C．had been; would have to D．were; would have to 39．I suggested that she ______ the English club. A．joined B．joins C．join D．joining 40． --- Can you tell me what to wear at the party? ---If I you, I the blue jeans. A．am; would wear B．was, will wear C．were, would wear D．were, wore 41． If my mother ___ I get a grade of 50 in English exam, she would be angry. A．knows B．knew C．has known D．would know 42．If  I _____you.   I  would  wear  jeans to  the party. A．am B．was C．were D．are 43．—Swimming in the river for teenagers is very dangerous. —So it is. If I ________ them, I ________ a shower at home. A．am; would take B．were; will take C．was; would take D．were; would take 44． If it had been possible, I would have helped him, but I ______ too busy. A．had been B．would be C．were D．was 45． ---Tom is always making so many mistakes in his English exercises!   --- Yeah. If he ________ more careful, he ________ fewer mistakes. A．was; will make B．is; would make C．were; will make D．were; would make 二、短文填空 1 根据短文内容和所给中文，在空白处写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 During the 2025 National Day holiday, my 46 (整个的) family gathered at our new home. We had many relatives visiting. After the big family dinner, there was 47 (也) much work to do. My father managed to fix our smart home system after 48 (几个) tries. We didn’t 49 (意识到) how helpful this system would be 50 (直到) we actually tried all its amazing functions. The smart 51 (沙发) in the living room could not only provide service but also play music, which made our relaxation time much more enjoyable. My little cousin was so fascinated by it that she insisted on sitting on it for a 52 (第四) time that day. My mother and I 53 (清洁) the entire house thoroughly while the smart home system helped us with washing the dirty 54 (餐盘) from our family gathering. The system adjusted the room temperature, controlled the lighting, and even reminded us of important tasks. 55 (最终), after a few hours of coordinated work between us and the smart system, everything in the house was perfectly tidy, making us appreciate how technology can improve our quality of life. 2 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（1个或几个单词），使句子通顺正确。 Recently, the topic of “premade food (预制菜) in school” 56 (cause) wide attention. All the parents are worried about the food safety (安全). And food safety is closely related to people’s health. A book named The Jungle 57 (write) by Upton Sinclair in 1906. It is about food safety. It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared. People used 58 (be) so worried about food safety that the government started testing food. 59 (Normal), most food in the world is safe. Laws control 60 food comes from. They also control how food is managed and prepared. Laws are important to keep our food safe. But it’s more important to make sure that the rules 61 (follow). A good food safety system keeps people safe. It helps 62 (they) to eat healthy food. 63 food safety systems usually work, there can be problems. Sometimes 64 (mistake) are made. For example, a truck might carry meat and then cakes. The cakes make people sick when the truck isn’t cleaned before carrying them. Sometimes companies break rules in order to make more money. We should take actions 65 (make) our food safer. 参考答案 一、 1．D 【解析】句意：——我必须这周拜访教授吗？——不，你不必。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；wouldn’t不会；needn’t不必。问句“Must I...?”的否定回答，需用“needn’t”表示“不必”。故选D。 2．B 【解析】句意：——先生，我必须周五前还这本书吗？——不，你不必，亲爱的。你可以借两周。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止。以Must提问的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故选B。 3．C 【解析】句意：——他们必须这周一还这辆玩具卡车吗？——不，他们没必要。但他们必须在周四归还。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；have to必须，不得不；needn’t没必要，不必；must必须。 根据“Must”开头的一般疑问句的否定回答，常用“No, …needn’t”，故选C。 4．D 【解析】句意：这个书包不可能是腾飞的。书包上的名字不是他的。 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。must一定，表示肯定推测；may可能，表示可能性；mustn’t不准，表示禁止；can’t不可能，表示否定推测。根据后句“The name on the bag isn’t his.”可知，名字不是他的，是否定推测。故选D。 5．A 【解析】句意：——露西在哪儿？她一定在教室里，因为我五分钟前在那里看到她。——让我看看。也许她还在那里。 考查情态动词表推测的用法。must一定；can’t不可能；might可能；should应该。根据“because I saw her there five minutes ago”可知，说话者基于过去事实进行肯定推测，语气较强，故选A。 6．A 【解析】句意：当我到家时，房子一团糟。一个小偷白天一定闯入了我的房子。 考查情态动词的用法。must一定，表肯定推测，有证据支持；can可能，多用于疑问或否定句；mustn’t禁止，不用于推测；can’t不可能，表示否定推测。根据“the house was a mess”可知，房子混乱是证据，表明一定有小偷闯入，故选A。 7．D 【解析】句意：他们不可能在操场上。他们一定在电脑室，因为现在是电脑课时间。 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；can可能；must一定。根据“because it’s time for computer lesson”可知，他们不可能在操场上，他们一定在电脑室，所以第一个空表示否定推测“不可能”，应用can’t，第二个空表示肯定推测“一定”，应用must，故选D。 8．C 【解析】句意：如果你不想考试再不及格，你应该更努力地学习。 考查动词辨析和should表示建议。take参加；should应该；will将会；fail不及格。根据“If you don’t want to...the exam any more”和“you...work harder”可知，如果不想考试再不及格，就应该努力学习，此处“should”表示建议。故选C。 9．D 【解析】句意：我们教室的互联网太慢了，所以我不得不去图书馆学习。 考查情态动词的用法。must必须；can能够；should应该；have to不得不。根据“The Internet in our classroom is too slow”可知，互联网慢是客观原因，导致被迫去图书馆，强调客观必要性，因此用“have to”。故选D。 10．B 【解析】句意：如果你正确回答问题，你就能得到音乐会的免费门票。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；can能够；should应该；need需要。根据“You...get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly.”可知，此处表示如果正确回答问题，就能得到音乐会的免费门票，故选B。 11．D 【解析】句意：当你独自在家时，你一定不要给陌生人开门。 考查情态动词辨析。can能，可以；needn’t不必；should应该；mustn’t禁止。根据“When you are home alone, you…answer the door for strangers.”可知，为了安全起见，独自在家时严禁给陌生人开门，此处表示强烈的禁止语气。故选D。 12．C 【解析】句意：——爸爸，我能参加课后的机器人项目吗？——当然了，你可以去。 考查情态动词。must必须；should应该；can能够，可以；need需要。根据答语“Of course you can go for it.”可知，问句是在请求许可，应用can询问。故选C。 13．C 【解析】句意：——我不敢相信。玛丽亚已经练习跑步两个小时了。——是啊。她现在一定非常累了。她需要好好休息。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能；should应该；must一定；will将。根据“Maria has practiced running for two hours.”以及“She needs a good rest.”可知，她练习跑步两个小时了，所以此处是推测她一定非常累了，表示有把握的肯定推测用情态动词must。故选C。 14．D 【解析】句意：你现在不应该告诉他这个坏消息，因为他即将在国际会议上发表一个重要演讲。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；needn’t不必；dare not不敢；shouldn’t不应该。根据“because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting.”可知，在他演讲之前不应该告诉他这个坏消息，表示劝告或建议。故选D。 15．C 【解析】句意：正在弹钢琴的女孩不可能是珍妮。她正在那边拉小提琴。 考查情态动词用法。may可能；must一定；can’t不可能； needn’t不必。根据“She is playing the violin over there.”可知，此处表否定推测，表达珍妮正在那边拉小提琴，不可能弹钢琴。故选C。 16．B 【解析】句意：当交通灯是红色时，你不准横穿马路。 考查动词辨析。won’t不会；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要；wouldn’t不会。根据交通规则，红灯时禁止通行，mustn’t符合。故选B。 17．A 【解析】句意：打扰了。请读大声一点。我听不见。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；can可以。根据“Read the text louder”可知是不能听清，所以让对方大声一点，用can’t。故选A。 18．A 【解析】句意：——Linda，我可以借用你的尺子吗？我找不到我的了。——当然，给你。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据语境，此处是委婉请求借用物品，使用“can”表示请求许可，符合交际习惯。故选A。 19．A 【解析】句意：今天下午可能有一个会议，但是我不确定。 考查情态动词和there be句型。may be可能是；may have可能有；must be一定是；must have一定有。根据“But I am not sure.”可知，不确定，所以是“可能有”，且原句是there be句型，应用may be。故选A。 20．C 【解析】句意：——完成所有这些繁重的工作后，你一定很累了。——是的。我要好好休息，让自己舒服点。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能；may not可能不；must一定；can能。根据“after finishing all of those hard jobs”可知，这里是对“很累”这一情况的肯定推测，must符合语境，表肯定的推测。故选C。 21．A 【解析】句意：——我今天必须交作业吗？——不，你不必。你可以明天交。 考查情态动词的用法，needn’t不必；mustn’t不能，表示禁止；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“You can hand it in tomorrow.”可知，作业可以明天交，不必今天交。“must”提问时，否定回答用“needn’t”表示“不必”。故选A。 22．B 【解析】句意：为了保持健康，你最好不吃太多含糖食物。 考查情态动词had better的否定形式。根据“To stay healthy, you’d better ... too much sugary food.”可知，“had better do sth”的否定形式为“had better not do sth”，后接动词原形。故选B。 23．C 【解析】句意：你应该做足够的运动，有良好的饮食习惯来保持健康。 考查动词辨析。may也许；must必须；ought与to搭配，表示“应该”；should应该。根据“You ... to do enough exercise”可知，此处是ought to“应该”。故选C。 24．C 【解析】句意：学生们在实验室做化学实验时应该要小心。 考查情态动词。should应该；must必须；ought应该；may可能。根据“to be careful”可知，此处是ought to结构。故选C。 25．A 【解析】句意：我妹妹说她不敢一个人待在家里。所以我今天得陪着她。 考查dare的用法。doesn’t dare stay错误表达，dare作为实义动词时，接不定式；dare not to stay错误表达，dare作为情态动词时，后接动词原形；doesn’t dare staying错误表达，dare作为实义动词时，接不定式。该句考查dare not do sth“不敢做某事”，是固定短语。故选A。 26．A 【解析】句意：我的弟弟害怕狗。他不敢靠近它们。 考查情态动词dare。dare not不敢；dares not不敢，三单形式；dare敢，动词原形；dares敢，动词三单。根据空后“go”为动词原形，因此dare作情态动词；根据“My little brother is afraid of dogs.”可知第二句表达他不敢靠近狗，情态动词dare的否定形式直接加not。故选A。 27．A 【解析】句意：——我想知道你为什么在英语课上很少回答问题。——我想回答，但是我不敢在公共场合说英语。 考查情态动词。dare敢；must必须；need需要；can能够。根据“I wonder why you seldom answer questions in English classes.”和“I want to, but…”可知，应是想回答问题，但是不敢，应用情态动词dare“敢”。故选A。 28．C 【解析】句意：你怎么能对你父母说那种话？你最好马上向他们道歉。 考查情态动词和动词短语。not apologize to不向……道歉；to apologize for为……道歉；apologize to向……道歉；to apologize to向……道歉。根据“How could you say that to your parents?”的语境，后句应是建议“向他们道歉”，“You’d better do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“你最好做某事”，后接动词原形，“apologize to sb.”意为“向某人道歉”，符合语境，故选C。 29．C 【解析】句意：我觉得你最好写信给他，告诉他真相。 考查had better的用法。根据“you’d better”可知，此处是固定用法had better do sth“最好做某事”，空处用动词原形。故选C。 30．A 【解析】句意：你最好不要一直学习。休息一下能帮你更好地专注于学习。 考查非谓语动词。had better (not) do sth.是固定用法，意为“最好（不）做某事”，后面跟动词原形。故选A。 31．D 【解析】句意：如今，中国人购物时不必随身携带太多现金，因为他们经常使用支付宝或微信支付。 考查情态动词。 mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必，没有必要；shouldn’t不应该；don’t不。根据“because they often use Alipay or WeChat pay”可知，因为人们经常使用支付宝或微信支付，所以购物时“不必”随身携带太多现金，此处考查don’t have to“不必”。故选D。 32．C 【解析】句意：我已经洗了所有的衣服。你不需要再洗它们了。 考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；oughtn’t to不应该；don’t have to不必；can’t不能。根据“I have washed all the clothes”可知，衣服已经洗过，因此“不必”再洗。故选C。 33．D 【解析】句意：你不必每次去图书馆都带学生证，但记得带上借书证。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；mustn’t禁止；have to不得不；don’t have to不必。根据“You…bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card.”可知，此处指不必每次去图书馆都带学生证。故选D。 34．D 【解析】句意：高级经理坚持要求这个关键项目必须在本周末之前完成；否则，我们团队将因违约面临严厉惩罚。 考查虚拟语气。动词insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后宾语从句需用虚拟语气，即(should) + 动词原形，其中should可省略，故从句谓语用动词原形be。故选D。 35．C 【解析】句意：如果你在早期学习英语时更注意提高发音，你现在就不会在和母语者交流时有这么大麻烦了。 考查虚拟语气。根据“If you … more attention to improving your pronunciation when you were in your early years of learning English,”可知，此处为虚拟语气，if 引导的从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had+过去分词。故选C。 36．C 【解析】句意：我建议你教外国学生如何用中文打招呼。 考查虚拟语气。根据句子结构可知，本句为含有宾语从句的复合句，主句为“I suggested”，suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语部分应为“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略，所以此处应为动词原形teach。故选C。 37．C 【解析】句意：如果我是你，我会和他一起去那里。 考查虚拟语气。此处表示与现在事实相反的情况，其结构是：从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词一般用were），主句谓语动词用“should（would，could，might）+动词原形”。所以，第一个空用were，第二个空用would go。故选C。 38．D 【解析】句意：如果没有现代通信，我们将不得不等上几周才能得到来自世界各地的消息。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，句子是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词用were，主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”，即would have to。故选D。 39．C 【解析】句意：我建议她加入英语俱乐部。 考查动词形式。当suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”的形式，其中“should”可以省略。故选C。 40．C 【解析】试题分析：句意:你能告诉我在晚会上穿什么吗？如果我是你，我将穿那条蓝色的牛仔裤。此句是虚拟语气，据句意，故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 41．B 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我的母亲知道我英语考试成绩是50分，她会生气的。表示与现在事实相反的事实，该用一般过去时态，所以选B。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 42．C 【解析】试题分析：句意:如果我是你，我就穿牛仔裤去宴会。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，系动词一律用were。故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 43．D 【解析】句意：——在河里游泳对青少年是非常危险的。——的确如此。如果我是他们，我会在家洗澡。 考查虚拟语气。if从句表假设，与现在事实相反，be动词则用were ，无论第几人称做主语。主句常用would 跟动词原形。故选D。 44．D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果可能的话，我肯定会帮助你的，但是我太忙了。对过去的虚拟If+主语+had +动词过去分词,主语+would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词。所以描述的是过去的事情，故我过去很忙应该用过去时。 考点：考查虚拟语气及时态的用法。 45．D 【解析】试题分析：句意：汤姆总是在英语练习中犯那么多的错误！—如果他能更细心一些，他就会犯更少的错误。 表示与现在事实相反的假设，If+主语+动词过去式（be动词用were），主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。根据题意及句型，故选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 二、 1 46．whole 47．also 48．several 49．realise/realize 50．until 51．sofa 52．fourth 53．cleaned 54．dishes 55．Finally 【解析】本文讲述了在2025年国庆假期，作者全家在新家团聚，在智能家居系统的帮助下，大家一起完成家务，让家变得整洁，体现了科技对生活质量的提升。 46．句意：在2025年国庆假期，我全家都聚集在了我们的新家。“整个的”对应的英文单词是“whole”，“my whole family”表示“我全家”，符合语境。故填whole。 47．句意：在丰盛的家庭晚餐后，也有很多工作要做。“也”常见的英文表达有“too”“also”“either” ，“too”一般用于肯定句句末；“also”用于肯定句句中；“either”用于否定句句末。此句是肯定句且空格在句中，所以用“also”。故填also。 48．句意：我父亲经过几次尝试后成功修好了我们的智能家居系统。“几个”修饰可数名词复数“tries”，英文中“several”表示“几个”，符合语境。故填several。 49．句意：直到我们真正尝试了它所有惊人的功能，我们才意识到这个系统会有多么有用。“意识到”的英文是“realise/realize”，“didn’t”后接动词原形。故填realise/realize。 50．句意：直到我们真正尝试了它所有惊人的功能，我们才意识到这个系统会有多么有用。“直到”常见的英文表达有“until”“not...until...”表示“直到……才……”，符合此处语境。故填until。 51．句意：客厅里的智能沙发不仅能提供服务，还能播放音乐，这让我们的放松时间更加愉快。“沙发”英文是“sofa”，根据语境这里用单数形式即可。故填sofa。 52．句意：我的小表妹对它如此着迷，以至于那天她坚持要第四次坐在上面。“第四”表示顺序，英文用序数词“fourth”。故填fourth。 53．句意：我妈妈和我彻底打扫了整个房子，而智能家居系统帮我们清洗家庭聚会后的脏餐盘。“清洁”英文是“clean”，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，“clean”的过去式是“cleaned”。故填cleaned。 54．句意：我妈妈和我彻底打扫了整个房子，而智能家居系统帮我们清洗家庭聚会后的脏餐盘。“餐盘”英文是“dish”，这里表示聚会后的多个餐盘，用复数形式“dishes”。故填dishes。 55．句意：最终，在我和智能系统协同工作几个小时后，家里的一切都整洁有序，这让我们体会到科技如何能提高我们的生活质量。“最终”英文是“finally”，在句首首字母大写。故填Finally。 2 56．has caused 57．was written 58．to be 59．Normally 60．where 61．are followed 62．them 63．Although/Though 64．mistakes 65．to make 【解析】本文主要介绍了食品安全问题。 56．句意：最近，“学校预制菜”的话题引起了广泛关注。cause“导致；引起”，动词；根据“Recently”可知，时态为现在完成时“have/has done”，主语“the topic”表示单数，助动词用has，cause的过去分词为caused。故填has caused。 57．句意：厄普顿·辛克莱于1906年写了一本名为《屠场》的书。write“写”，“book”和“write”是被动关系，用被动语态“be done”。时态为一般过去时，主语“A book”表示单数，be动词用was，write的过去分词为written。故填was written。 58．句意：人们过去非常担心食品安全，以至于政府开始对食品进行检测。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，所以空格处应填to be。故填to be。 59．句意：通常，世界上大多数食物都是安全的。Normal“正常的；一般的”，形容词，此处用其副词形式Normally“通常；正常情况下”修饰整个句子。故填Normally。 60．句意：法律控制着食物的来源。根据“food comes from”可知，表示食物来源，用where“哪里”引导宾语从句。故填where。 61．句意：但更重要的是要确保遵守规则。follow“遵循”，动词；“rules”和“follow”是被动关系，用被动语态“be done”。时态为一般现在时，主语“the rules”表示复数，be动词用are，follow的过去分词为followed。故填are followed。 62．句意：它有助于他们吃健康的食物。they“他们”，此处代指“people”，位于动词helps后面，用人称代词宾格them。故填them。 63．句意：虽然食品安全系统通常有效，但也可能存在问题。“food safety systems usually work”和“there can be problems”是让步关系，此处用although/though“虽然；尽管”引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 64．句意：有时会犯错误。mistake“错误”，结合“are”可知，此处用复数名词作主语。故填mistakes。 65．句意：我们应该采取行动使我们的食品更安全。make“使，让”，动词；take actions to do sth.“采取行动做某事”，此处用动词不定式to make。故填to make。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语一轮系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题13 情态动词与虚拟语气 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心考点解析考点精析 能力巩固 第三部分 要点强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识清单 一、情态动词的分类及用法 情态动词本身无实际意义，需接动词原形，表达能力、许可、义务、推测等语气，其否定式在词后加 not，疑问式将情态动词提至句首。 （一）表能力：can/could/be able to 1.can：侧重现在或普遍的能力，否定式 can't（不能）。 例句：She can speak three languages.（她会说三种语言。） 2.could：侧重过去的能力，或现在能力的委婉表达。 例句：He could swim when he was five.（他五岁时就会游泳了。） 3.be able to：可用于各种时态，强调通过努力获得的能力。 例句：We will be able to finish the work tomorrow.（我们明天能完成这项工作。） （二）表许可：may/might/can 1.may/might：may 语气更正式，might 更委婉，否定式 may not/might not（不可以）。 例句：You may borrow my book.（你可以借我的书。） 2.can：口语中常用，语气较随意。 例句：Can I use your pen?（我能用一下你的笔吗？） （三）表义务：must/have to/should/ought to 1.must：强调主观义务（必须），否定式 mustn't（禁止），无人称变化。 例句：We must follow the school rules.（我们必须遵守校规。） 2.have to：强调客观要求（不得不），有人称和时态变化。 例句：She has to stay at home to look after her mom.（她不得不待在家照顾妈妈。） 3.should/ought to：表建议或责任（应该），ought to 后接 to do。 例句：You should listen to your parents' advice.（你应该听父母的建议。） We ought to help the poor.（我们应该帮助穷人。） （四）表推测：must/may/might/could/can't 1.must：肯定推测（一定），用于肯定句。 例句：The light is on, so he must be at home.（灯亮着，所以他一定在家。） 2.may/might/could：可能性推测（可能），might/could 语气更弱。 例句：It may rain this afternoon.（今天下午可能下雨。） 3.can't：否定推测（不可能）。 例句：He can't be in the library—he just called me from home.（他不可能在图书馆，他刚在家给我打电话。） 二、虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气表示非真实的假设、愿望或建议，通过动词时态变化体现与事实的差异。 1.条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟场景 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be 用 were） would/could/might/should + 动词原形 If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。） 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/could/might/should + have done If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.（如果她当时更努力学习，就会通过考试了。） 与将来事实相反 ①过去式 ②should + 原形 ③were to + 原形 would/could/might/should + 动词原形 If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。） 2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气 表建议 / 命令 / 要求的动词（suggest/advise/order/demand 等）后接宾语从句：从句用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 例句：The teacher suggested that we (should) read English every day.（老师建议我们每天读英语。） 3.wish 后的宾语从句（表难以实现的愿望） 愿望指向 从句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be 用 were） I wish I were as tall as him.（我希望我和他一样高。） 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 I wish I had seen the film last night.（我希望昨晚看了那部电影。） 与将来事实相反 would/could/might + 动词原形 I wish it would stop raining.（我希望雨能停。） 4.固定句型中的虚拟语气 It is time that...（从句用过去式，表 “该做某事了”）：It is time that we went to bed.（我们该睡觉了。） If only...：（表强烈愿望，用法同 wish 后的从句）：If only I had more money.（要是我有更多钱就好了。） ◇Part 02 核心考点解析 考点 1：情态动词表推测的辨析 【考查要点】 根据语境判断推测的肯定 / 否定语气，区分 must（一定）、may/might（可能）、can't（不可能）的用法。 【示例分析】 — Where is Tom? — He ______ be in the classroom. I saw him there just now. A. must B. may C. can't D. might 解析：由 “刚才看见他在教室” 可确定肯定推测，用 must。答案：A。 考点 2：must 与 have to 的区别 【考查要点】 区分主观义务（must）与客观要求（have to），及 have to 的时态变化。 【示例分析】 We ______ wear masks in public during the pandemic. It was a rule. A. must B. had to C. should D. can 解析：“戴口罩” 是客观规定，且时态为过去时，用 had to。答案：B。 考点 3：与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 【考查要点】 从句用过去式（be 用 were），主句用 “would + 动词原形”，区分虚拟与真实条件句。 【示例分析】 If I ______ a bird, I ______ fly in the sky. A. am; will B. was; would C. were; would D. were; will 解析：“成为鸟” 与现在事实相反，从句 be 用 were，主句用 would。答案：C。 考点 4：与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 【考查要点】 从句用 “had + 过去分词”，主句用 “would have + 过去分词”，通过语境判断过去的非真实情况。 【示例分析】 If you ______ earlier, you ______ the bus. A. came; would catch B. had come; would have caught C. come; will catch D. had come; would catch 解析：“没赶上公交车” 是过去事实，“早点来” 是相反假设，符合过去虚拟结构。答案：B。 考点 5：wish 后的虚拟语气 【考查要点】 根据愿望指向的时间（现在 / 过去 / 将来）选择正确的谓语形式。 【示例分析】 I wish I ______ that mistake yesterday. A. didn't make B. hadn't made C. wouldn't make D. don't make 解析：时间状语 yesterday 表明愿望指向过去，用 hadn't made。答案：B。 考点 6：表建议的动词后的虚拟语气 【考查要点】 suggest/advise 等动词后接宾语从句时，用 “(should)+ 动词原形”，区分 “建议” 与 “暗示” 的不同用法。 【示例分析】 The doctor advised that he ______ more rest. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 解析：advise 表 “建议”，从句用 (should) take，should 省略。答案：A。 考点 7：情态动词 + have done 的用法 【考查要点】 表对过去的推测（may/might have done）或虚拟建议（should have done）。 【示例分析】 You ______ told me earlier. I could have helped you. A. should have B. must have C. may have D. can have 解析：“本应该早点告诉我” 是对过去的虚拟建议，用 should have done。答案：A。 考点 8：与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 【考查要点】 从句三种形式（过去式 /should + 原形 /were to + 原形）的识别与运用。 【示例分析】 If it ______ snow tomorrow, we would build a snowman. A. snows B. snowed C. will snow D. is snowing 解析：“明天下雪” 是可能性极小的假设，从句用过去式 snowed。答案：B。 ◇Part 03 要点强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1．—Must I visit the professor this week? —No, you _________. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．needn’t 2．—Must I return this book before Friday, sir? —No, you ________, dear. You can keep it for two weeks. A．can’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 3．—Must they return the toy truck this Monday? —No, they ________. But they must return it on Thursday. A．mustn’t B．have to C．needn’t D．must 4．The school bag ________ be Teng Fei’s. The name on the bag isn’t his. A．must B．may C．mustn’t D．can’t 5．—Where is Lucy? She _________ be in the classroom, because I saw her there five minutes ago. —Let me check. Maybe she’s still there. A．must B．can’t C．might D．should 6．When I got home, the house was a mess. A thief have broken into my house during the day. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t 7．They ________ be in the playground. They ________ be in the computer room because it’s time for computer lesson. A．mustn’t; can’t B．can’t; mustn’t C．can; mustn’t D．can’t; must 8．If you don’t want to ________ the exam any more, you ________ work harder. A．take; should B．take; will C．fail; should D．fail; will 9．The Internet in our classroom is too slow, so I ________ go to the library to study. A．must B．can C．should D．have to 10．You ________ get the free ticket for the concert if you answer the questions correctly. A．must B．can C．should D．need 11．When you are home alone, you ________ answer the door for strangers. A．can B．needn’t C．should D．mustn’t 12．— Dad, ________ I join the robotics programme after school? — Of course you can go for it. A．must B．should C．can D．need 13．—I can’t believe it. Maria has practiced running for two hours. —Yeah. She ________ be very tired now. She needs a good rest. A．can’t B．should C．must D．will 14．You ________ tell him the bad news now, because he will soon make an important speech at the international meeting. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．shouldn’t 15．The girl who is playing the piano ________ be Jenny. She is playing the violin over there. A．may B．must C．can’t D．needn’t 16．When the traffic lights are red, you ________ cross the road. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 17．Excuse me. Read the text louder, please. I ________ hear you. A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can 18．—Linda, ________ I borrow your ruler? I can’t find mine. —Sure, here you are. A．can B．must C．need D．should 19．There ________ a meeting this afternoon. But I am not sure. A．may be B．may have C．must be D．must have 20．—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a good rest and make myself comfortable. A．may B．may not C．must D．can 21．—Must I hand in my homework today? —No, you ________. You can hand it in tomorrow. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 22．To stay healthy, you’d better _________ too much sugary food. A．not to eat B．not eat C．not eating D．not have eaten 23．You ________ to do enough exercise and have good eating habits to keep healthy. A．may B．must C．ought D．should 24．Students ________ to be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. A．should B．must C．ought D．may 25．My sister says she ________ at home by herself. So I have to stay with her today. A．dare not stay B．doesn’t dare stay C．dare not to stay D．doesn’t dare staying 26．My little brother is afraid of dogs. He ______ go near them. A．dare not B．dares not C．dare D．dares 27．— I wonder why you seldom answer questions in English classes. — I want to, but I ________ not speak English in public. A．dare B．must C．need D．can 28．How could you say that to your parents? You’d better ________ them at once. A．not apologize to B．to apologize for C．apologize to D．to apologize to 29．I think you’d better _________ to him and tell him the truth. A．to write B．writing C．write D．to writing 30．You’d better not ________ all the time. Taking breaks can help you focus better on your study. A．study B．to study C．studying D．studied 31．Nowadays, people in China ________ have to take too much cash with them when shopping because they often use Alipay or WeChat pay. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．don’t 32．I have washed all the clothes. You ________ wash them again. A．mustn’t B．oughtn’t to C．don’t have to D．can’t 33．You ________ bring your student card every time you to the library, but remember to bring your library card. A．must B．mustn’t C．have to D．don’t have to 34．The senior manager insisted that the crucial project ________ finished before the end of this week; otherwise, our team would face severe punishment due to the breach of contract. A．must be B．should have been C．would be D．be 35．If you ________ more attention to improving your pronunciation when you were in your early years of learning English, you wouldn’t have such great trouble communicating with native speakers now. A．pay B．paid C．had paid D．would pay 36．I suggested you ________ the foreign students how to greet in Chinese. A．teaching B．to teach C．teach D．taught 37．If I ________ you, I ________ go there with him. A．was, would go B．were, went C．were, would go D．was, went 38．If there ________ no modern telecommunications, we ________ wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A．would have; had to B．are; would have to C．had been; would have to D．were; would have to 39．I suggested that she ______ the English club. A．joined B．joins C．join D．joining 40． --- Can you tell me what to wear at the party? ---If I you, I the blue jeans. A．am; would wear B．was, will wear C．were, would wear D．were, wore 41． If my mother ___ I get a grade of 50 in English exam, she would be angry. A．knows B．knew C．has known D．would know 42．If  I _____you.   I  would  wear  jeans to  the party. A．am B．was C．were D．are 43．—Swimming in the river for teenagers is very dangerous. —So it is. If I ________ them, I ________ a shower at home. A．am; would take B．were; will take C．was; would take D．were; would take 44． If it had been possible, I would have helped him, but I ______ too busy. A．had been B．would be C．were D．was 45． ---Tom is always making so many mistakes in his English exercises!   --- Yeah. If he ________ more careful, he ________ fewer mistakes. A．was; will make B．is; would make C．were; will make D．were; would make 二、短文填空 1 根据短文内容和所给中文，在空白处写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 During the 2025 National Day holiday, my 46 (整个的) family gathered at our new home. We had many relatives visiting. After the big family dinner, there was 47 (也) much work to do. My father managed to fix our smart home system after 48 (几个) tries. We didn’t 49 (意识到) how helpful this system would be 50 (直到) we actually tried all its amazing functions. The smart 51 (沙发) in the living room could not only provide service but also play music, which made our relaxation time much more enjoyable. My little cousin was so fascinated by it that she insisted on sitting on it for a 52 (第四) time that day. My mother and I 53 (清洁) the entire house thoroughly while the smart home system helped us with washing the dirty 54 (餐盘) from our family gathering. The system adjusted the room temperature, controlled the lighting, and even reminded us of important tasks. 55 (最终), after a few hours of coordinated work between us and the smart system, everything in the house was perfectly tidy, making us appreciate how technology can improve our quality of life. 2 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（1个或几个单词），使句子通顺正确。 Recently, the topic of “premade food (预制菜) in school” 56 (cause) wide attention. All the parents are worried about the food safety (安全). And food safety is closely related to people’s health. A book named The Jungle 57 (write) by Upton Sinclair in 1906. It is about food safety. It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared. People used 58 (be) so worried about food safety that the government started testing food. 59 (Normal), most food in the world is safe. Laws control 60 food comes from. They also control how food is managed and prepared. Laws are important to keep our food safe. But it’s more important to make sure that the rules 61 (follow). A good food safety system keeps people safe. It helps 62 (they) to eat healthy food. 63 food safety systems usually work, there can be problems. Sometimes 64 (mistake) are made. For example, a truck might carry meat and then cakes. The cakes make people sick when the truck isn’t cleaned before carrying them. Sometimes companies break rules in order to make more money. We should take actions 65 (make) our food safer. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $