精品解析：上海市风华中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月期中考试英语试题

上海市风华中学2025学年度第一学期高三年级英语期中测试 (满分:115分 考试时间:105分钟) 第I卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 10% Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even moderate drinking might shrink your brain New research suggests that moderate drinking can negatively impact health. The study found a link between regular alcohol consumption — as little as one to two drinks a day — and decreased brain volume in middle-aged and older people. ___1___ they drink or not plays a role in the brain shrinkage. The study was led by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. They analyzed data from the UK Biobank, a long-running project that ___2___ (track) the health of more than 35,000 UK residents in the past few years. As part of the project, volunteers fill out questionnaires about their lifestyle habits, consent (同意) to having their genes studied, and high-quality brain scans. Using these scans, the team looked for any connection between ___3___ (report) alcohol use and brain structure. Our brains naturally shrink in size ___4___ we become older, which is one of the reasons our cognitive function declines in later age. There are things that ___5___ either accelerate or slow down this process, though, such as exercise. And even a moderate alcohol routine, the researchers concluded, seems to be in the former category. After controlling for other factors, such as age, body mass index, and head size, the scientists found a negative correlation between alcohol intake and overall brain volume, including in gray matter, the areas of the brain rich in neurons and other cells. Alcohol use was similarly linked to changes in our white matter, ___6___ the information is relayed (传递) between different regions of the brain. “We show that the negative associations between alcohol intake and brain macrostructure and microstructure are already apparent in individuals ___7___ (consume) an average of only one to two daily alcohol units, and become ___8___ (strong) as alcohol intake increases,” the authors wrote in their paper, published in Nature Communications earlier this month. The authors say their large sample size is an advantage ___9___ past studies and allows them to better understand and quantify the possible toll of regular alcohol use on the brain. Going from zero to one unit of alcohol (about half a pint) a day, the authors say, would be equivalent to half a year of brain aging in the average 50-year-old, for instance, but it jumps to two years for someone going from one to two units of alcohol (a full pint) per day. And for ____10____ drinking four or more drinks a day, their brains may age prematurely a full decade, relative to someone who doesn’t drink at all. Section B 10% Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. automate B. casual C. detail D. dropped E. flooded F. limited G. occurrence H. refuse I. sacrifice J. specific K. strategy Don’t Give Till It Hurts We have all walked past that red bucket without dropping in any money. We have all said “no” to those requests at the checkout counter to donate $1 to some worthy cause. Social media is ____11____ with all sorts of calls to donate. I bet we have all felt a sense of guilt if we do not hit the “Give Now” button. A friend of mine shared a story that perfectly captures this situation. Out shopping last week, she ____12____ some money into one of those red buckets. Luckily, the bell ringer had not changed by the time she left the store. But then she went to a second store, which had a bell ringer, too. “There was no ____13____ way I could mention donating at the other store,” she said. “I wish they’d give out stickers saying ‘I donated’ like the ‘I voted’ ones on Election Day, which would take away the guilt.” My friend does not need to feel guilty because I know she regularly donates to a bunch of worthy causes but like the rest of us, she easily gets caught up in the moment. There are thousands of charities asking for our money, and many of them do great work. However, most of us have ____14____ resources. To make the most of these resources — minus the guilt — we need to follow four simple steps. ①Have a charitable giving plan: We need to work out exactly how much we want to give. This can be a(n) ____15____ dollar amount or a percentage of our income. Once we have decided how much to give, we need to research an organization to receive it. The final component of this step is to decide how often we want to give. One possibility is to make it a regular ____16____, maybe once a month. ② Follow the plan: The plan works only if we stick with it. If we have decided to give $100 a month to a favorite charity, we should ____17____ it. Just sign up to have the charity receive $100 from a bank account and arrange for an email receipt. ③ Just keep it simple: When asked to make unplanned contributions, you should just reply, “Thank you for the opportunity, but I’ve chosen to give in another way.” We do not need to go into ____18____. ④ Never feel bad again: At first, it may feel bad to ____19____ a request for money to rescue kittens in Michigan. Those bad feelings will go away once we remember that we already have a giving _____20_____ and we are following it. II. Reading Comprehension Section A 15% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers edge through traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks. Drumbeats and trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by bellowing (大声吼叫的) street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs. Living in Mumbai requires a huge ___21___ for noise. When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial capital two decades ago, friends, acquaintances and even her lawyers insisted it was ___22___ . “People told me it’s foolish to even try, because Indians love noise,” she says. “We’re a noisy country.” But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to ___23___ environmental rules that had allowed loud music late into the night during a festival. ___24___ , the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within 100 meters of schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship. And she has since won more than a dozen other actions both on her own and via the Awaaz Foundation (awaaz means “noise” in Hindi), which she launched in 2006. The World Health Organization warns that noise is a top threat to human ___25___ , affecting not only hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health. Abdulali claims Mumbai is the world’s ___26___ city. A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, did find that noise levels in Mumbai and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits. In recent years, the battle against noise has become increasingly ___27___ , with Abdulali often facing powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of growth. With increasing ___28___ , ever more people are exposed to continuous noise. In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise rules ___29___ development plans. Although sound barriers are required for construction projects, they’re expensive, so developers ___30___ installing them. Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels (分贝) — a level that can lead to permanent hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Luckily, ___31___ can help in the fight, Vijay says. He suggests devices that measure horn use, which would let officials offer ___32___ drivers rewards like deductions (扣除) on car insurance. Dynamic signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and ___33___ the urge to resort to horns, he says. Local government also ___34___ . Mumbai decreed (颁布) India’s first “No-Honking” day in 2008, with police handing out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing fines up to 1,000 rupees ($12) on offending motorists. Far more important is the longer-term impact of the day-to-day noise, so that’s where Vijay believes activists should focus their energy. “In India we celebrate festivals with lots of noise,” he says. “But our ___35___ noise itself is beyond the allowed limit.” 21. A. talent B. potential C. demand D. tolerance 22. A. encouraging B. reasonable C. ridiculous D. depressing 23. A. take advantage of B. put an end to C. lay emphasis on D. throw light on 24. A. Therefore B. Similarly C. Subsequently D. However 25. A. well-being B. intelligence C. interaction D. behavior 26. A. largest B. busiest C. loudest D. richest 27. A. difficult B. successful C. diverse D. easy 28. A. availability B. capitalization C. urbanization D. convenience 29. A. in pace with B. in contact with C. in league with D. in conflict with 30. A. recommend B. justify C. resist D. advocate 31. A. government B. technology C. finance D. psychology 32 A. quiet B. brave C. safe D. alert 33 A. trigger B. satisfy C. reduce D. maintain 34. A. steps in B. takes over C. cuts in D. takes off 35. A. traffic B. construction C. ceremony D. background Section B 22% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The HISTORY Channel series Alone drops contestants into some of the planet’s most punishing environments, with a bare minimum of clothing, safety and survival gear. In their battle against the elements, contestants are forced to use their fitness, their courage and their creativity to become true survivalists. Few people choose to be thrown into such extreme situations, but those who do have usually stumbled into some immense bad luck. Just check out one of the famous real-life survival stories: Mauro Prosperi is an Italian police officer who gained worldwide fame after getting lost in the Sahara Desert in 1994. A keen athlete and long-distance runner, Mauro took part in the 1994 Marathon of the Sands in Morocco, a six-day-long endurance race in one of the driest and barren environments on the planet. During the race, a sandstorm caused Prosperi, then 39 years old, married and father to three children, to become disoriented. One day after going off track, he found himself in an abandoned Muslim temple in Algeria. In order to survive, he killed and ate bats. For liquid, he was forced to drink his own waste, lick dew off of rocks and suck moisture out of his wet wipes. Assuming he would never be found, he cut his wrists with a pen knife from his supplies. However, it was such a dry heat that the wounds thickened and concreted, and he was forced to go back into the desert and attempt to find help. For nine days he walked through the desert and ate insects and cold-blooded animals. Finally, he found a small village. From there he was flown to a hospital, where doctors said his liver had almost completely failed. Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prosperi lost 35 pounds in body weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it took several months before he could eat solid food again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and completed the race in 2012. 36. Prosperi have to discontinue the Marathon of the Sands because ______. A. his supplies were running out B. his children didn’t want to lose him C. he lost his way for the bad weather D. he couldn’t tolerate the extreme heat 37. What caused Mauro Prosperi to head back to the desert for help? A. His intention to heal the wound. B. His failure to take away his own life. C. His decreasing interest in food sources. D. His discomfort with the temple environment. 38. According to the passage, what can be inferred about Mauro Prosperi’s experience? A. He found an alternative source of water in a traditional way. B. He demonstrated the determination to survive all the way through. C. His story was a proof of the worsening relationship between man and nature. D. His eventual return to the race signified his persistence. 39. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A. To entertain readers with an awe-inspiring fictional adventure story. B. To educate readers about the possible dangers of punishing environments. C. To inspire readers with human’s ability to survive the extreme challenges. D. To remind readers of the value of essential survival skills and preparedness. (B) MC Markham College ________________________ Center for Continuing Education Bollywood Workout 10 weeks Fridays, 19.00-21.00 $8220 Lessons focus on the classic moves of the entertaining and beautiful dance forms seen in Bollywood films, all accompanied by lively traditional music. The classes offer a great full-body workout for those who want to stay in shape and include more exercise in their weekly routine. Comfortable clothes are recommended. Basic First Aid 8 weeks Tuesdays, 19.30-21.30 $175 We offer hands-on learing of this important life skill so you’ll be able to act confidently in various emergency situations requiring first aid. You’ll also learn about common medical conditions, along with suitable treatments for people of various ages. Successful participants will receive a certificate in basic first aid. Car Maintenance for Beginners 10 weeks Thursdays, 18.30-21.00 $400 This course provides practical training in basic servicing, replacement of parts and minor repairs. It also includes lectures on car engines, tires and brakes as well as how to buy cars. You will gain a better understanding of how cars work and practical knowledge on how to keep your car in good working order. Malaysian Cookery 6 weeks Wed, and Fri, 19.00-21.30 $440 Our course introduces students to Malaysian cooking — a fantastic mix of cuisines, mainly Malay, Chinese and Indian. The varied dishes guarantee something for everyone’s taste. All our tutors are Malaysian-born and fully qualified. Classes are small to ensure good supervision. Students work in individual, fully equipped cooking stations. And no washing up! Creative Writing 8 weeks Mon. and Thu., 19.30-21.00 $265 This course introduces you to the skill and process of creative writing. In-class exercises focus on characterization, dialogue and narrative. Assignments done at home will develop your ideas. You’re encouraged to listen to each other’s work and offer critical support. You’ll discover your own writing voice while producing fiction and poetry. An introduction to psychology 12 weeks Tue, and Fri, 17.30-19.30 $495 Psychology is about understanding human behaviour and this course is designed for people who would like to increase their knowledge of this important and fascinating area. The course covers a range of topics, encouraging discussion of past and present theories and case studies. A certificate of completion will be awarded. 40. The Bollywood Workout course is essentially ________. A. a film-making course B. a fitness course C. a history course D. a music course 41. If you want to learn some life skills and are interested in earning a certificate, which course would be the most suitable choice? A. Basic First Aid. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Creative Writing. 42. Considering the structure of the various courses offered, which course seems to emphasize a blend of practical skills with theoretical knowledge? A. Bollywood Workout. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Car Maintenance for Beginners. (C) Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction. When our research group began its work almost 20 years ago, we discovered that dogs also have extraordinary intelligence: they can read our gestures better than any other species. Wolves, in contrast, are mysterious and unpredictable. Their home is the wilderness, and that wilderness is shrinking. But not so long ago the evolutionary race between dogs and wolves was so close, it was unclear who would win. Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolflike ancestor. Folklore supposes that humans brought wolf puppies into camp and domesticated them. Or as wolf expert David Mech wrote in 1974 “Evidently early humans tamed wolves and domesticated them, eventually selectively breeding them and finally developing the domestic dog from them.” But this story has not held up. Taming an animal occurs during its lifetime. Domestication happens over generations and involves changes to the genome. So how did wolves turn into dogs? Back in the Ice Age, as our human populations grew more sedentary, we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps. These leavings would have included tempting pieces of food for hungry wolves. Not every wolf would have been able to scavenge, however. These animals would have had to be unafraid of humans, and if they displayed any aggression toward us, they would have been killed. After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance. Coat color, ears, tails: all probably started to change. Animals that could respond to our gestures and voices would be extremely useful as hunting partners and guards. They would have been valuable as well for their warmth and companionship, and slowly we would have allowed them to move from outside our camps to our firesides. We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves. 43. What can be summarized about wolves and dogs from the first three paragraphs? A. Wolves are smarter than dogs. B. They are very much racially divided. C. They are close relatives but dogs seem to be on the winning side. D. Dogs have made their ways to indoor life while wolves to the wild. 44. What is the meaning of the underlined word “sedentary” in paragraph 5? A. diverse B. limited C. living in the same place D. involving regular migration 45. What does the author conclude from the history of dogs and wolves? A. Dogs evolved from wolves. B. Selective breeding developed domestic dogs. C. Taming and domesticating an animal are the same thing. D. Friendliness as a quality translates into an evolutionary strategy. 46. Which of the following is suitable for a title? A. From Wolf to Dog B. Dog: Our Favorite Pet C. An Intentional Domestication D. A Competition Story between Wolf and Dog Section C 8% Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Eco-tourism at its best This month marks the tenth anniversary of ResponsibleTravel.com, an ethical travel website launched by Justin Francis. When he started the site, Justin was told by many experts that his idea wouldn’t work, because people would not be interested in an ethical company. ___47___ These holidays are aimed at people who want a real experience instead of just seeing something. The choice is enormous. If you enjoy bird-watching, you can stay in a bed and breakfast in the South of England that was built with local materials and provides a healthy breakfast made from local products. ___48___ Here, rainwater is recycled and travellers have the chance to meet the local people. It is longer journeys that are the most problematic for ethical travel companies because of the pollution caused by the flights. At first, ResponsibleTravel.com supported the idea of carbon offsets. This is a way for people to make up for the amount of carbon dioxide they have produced by flying abroad. However, two years ago, Justin stopped offering carbon offsets because he could see that the system was unethical. ResponsibleTravel.com is ethical in every way. ___49___ And he doesn’t charge them for advertising on his site. His income is based on an honesty system where travel companies declare how much money they have made by appearing on his website. The fact that Justin’s business has just reached its first $100 million in sales shows that this system works. ___50___ Customers are asked to rate their holiday from 1 to 5, where 1 is disappointing and 5 is the best holiday ever. The average mark is 4.5, which shows that most travellers are extremely satisfied with their experience. Not only that, but through their own enjoyment, they have helped a local community and the environment. It’s a winning combination. A. Alternatively, you can travel to a remote island in the South Pacific. B. Nevertheless, he makes sure that each trip is advantageous for local communities. C. Right from the start, only companies which showed real interest in the environment were invited to appear on Justin’s website. D. However, he proved everyone wrong and ResponsibleTravel.com now offers eco-tourists more than 4,000 holiday experiences. E. The company doesn’t only support good practice in alternative tourism. F. However, ResponsibleTravel.com has not only succeeded financially. 第II卷 III. Summary Writing 10% 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Future of Virtual Reality Over the next decade, Virtual Reality (VR) could dramatically change our lives as it becomes more advanced and widely used. Experts think that by 2030, VR might be a big part of our everyday routines. Right now, over 40 million people own VR headsets, and this number is expected to double in the next three years. VR is set to make a big impact in various fields. In gaming, VR will offer a new level of engagement, letting players fully explore and interact with virtual worlds. Games will become more interactive, allowing players to look around and control their experiences in ways not possible with traditional games. Designers are already exploring new game styles that focus on enjoying the VR environment rather than just quick reactions or scoring points. Education will also see exciting changes. Within the next five to ten years, teachers might use VR to take students on virtual field trips or provide engaging learning experiences. History students could witness important battles up close, medical students might explore the human body as if they were tiny cells, and music students could attend virtual concerts in iconic venues like the Sydney Opera House. VR could also transform travel. By 2021, virtual scenes of cities, beaches, and other stunning places could become available, allowing people to “visit” destinations that are otherwise hard to reach due to distance or cost. This could make travel more accessible for everyone and potentially reduce the environmental impact of tourism, such as reducing carbon emissions from flights and transportation. However, VR might not become as popular as expected. If the technology doesn’t advance enough, it could end up like older tech such as CDs or PDAs. Problems like delay or motion sickness from underpowered hardware might make it less appealing. Despite its potential, VR’s future success will depend on overcoming these challenges. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation 15% Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你大兴土木纪念亡母没有必要。（point）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 53. 需要什么能进入下一轮面试？ （qualify）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 旅行的意义不在于朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞，而在于从每日常规中挣脱出来，重新掌控自己生活的节奏。(not...but...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 机器人与人类选手肩并肩冲过半程马拉松终点线，在那一瞬间，人们欢呼雀跃，庆祝这一象征科技进步的历史性突破。 (The instant) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 25% 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是风华中学高三学生李华。你所在的学校“创意社团(the Creative Society)”正在策划一项面向大宁社区青年的推广活动(a promotion campaign)，现有三个备选项目： ① 推广一个城市漫步主题路线(a Citywalk theme route)； ② 推广一个“旧物改造”环保工作坊(an “Upcycling” environmental workshop)； ③ 推广一个社区“技能交换”平台(a community “Skill Swap” platform)。 请你给社团委员会(the Society Board)写一封信，提交你的想法。信中必须包含： 1. 你选择推广一个项目； 2. 你选择该项目的理由； 3. 你的详细推广计划。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市风华中学2025学年度第一学期高三年级英语期中测试 (满分:115分 考试时间:105分钟) 第I卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 10% Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even moderate drinking might shrink your brain New research suggests that moderate drinking can negatively impact health. The study found a link between regular alcohol consumption — as little as one to two drinks a day — and decreased brain volume in middle-aged and older people. ___1___ they drink or not plays a role in the brain shrinkage. The study was led by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. They analyzed data from the UK Biobank, a long-running project that ___2___ (track) the health of more than 35,000 UK residents in the past few years. As part of the project, volunteers fill out questionnaires about their lifestyle habits, consent (同意) to having their genes studied, and high-quality brain scans. Using these scans, the team looked for any connection between ___3___ (report) alcohol use and brain structure. Our brains naturally shrink in size ___4___ we become older, which is one of the reasons our cognitive function declines in later age. There are things that ___5___ either accelerate or slow down this process, though, such as exercise. And even a moderate alcohol routine, the researchers concluded, seems to be in the former category. After controlling for other factors, such as age, body mass index, and head size, the scientists found a negative correlation between alcohol intake and overall brain volume, including in gray matter, the areas of the brain rich in neurons and other cells. Alcohol use was similarly linked to changes in our white matter, ___6___ the information is relayed (传递) between different regions of the brain. “We show that the negative associations between alcohol intake and brain macrostructure and microstructure are already apparent in individuals ___7___ (consume) an average of only one to two daily alcohol units, and become ___8___ (strong) as alcohol intake increases,” the authors wrote in their paper, published in Nature Communications earlier this month. The authors say their large sample size is an advantage ___9___ past studies and allows them to better understand and quantify the possible toll of regular alcohol use on the brain. Going from zero to one unit of alcohol (about half a pint) a day, the authors say, would be equivalent to half a year of brain aging in the average 50-year-old, for instance, but it jumps to two years for someone going from one to two units of alcohol (a full pint) per day. And for ____10____ drinking four or more drinks a day, their brains may age prematurely a full decade, relative to someone who doesn’t drink at all. 【答案】1. whether 2. has been tracking##has tracked 3. reported 4. as 5. can##may 6. where 7. consuming 8. stronger 9. over 10. those 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即适度饮酒也可能会使大脑萎缩，并分析了饮酒与大脑结构之间的关系。 【1题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：他们是否喝酒在大脑萎缩中起作用。“ 1 they drink or not”是主语从句，结合句意和句中“or not”可知，用连词whether引导该从句，表示“是否”。故填whether。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：他们分析了英国生物库的数据，这是一个长期运行的项目，在过去几年里一直在跟踪35000多名英国居民的健康状况。track(跟踪)是定语从句中的谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词a long-running project)之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“in the past few years”可知，从句讲述从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成进行时或现在完成时态，主语是单数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has been tracking/has tracked。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：基于这些脑部扫描数据，研究团队重点探究了自我报告饮酒情况与大脑结构之间的潜在关联。提示词report(报告)作定语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语alcohol use之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式reported作定语。故填reported。 【4题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑自然会萎缩，这是我们认知功能在晚年下降的原因之一。“ 4 we become older”是时间状语从句，表示两个动作伴随发生，应用从属连词as引导该从句，意为“随着”。故填as。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：不过，有些事情可以加速或减缓这个过程，比如锻炼。结合语意可知，此处表示一种可能性，应用情态动词can或may，意为“可以，能够”。故填can/may。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：酒精的使用同样与我们白质的变化有关，在白质中，信息在大脑的不同区域之间传递。“ 6 the information is relayed (传递) between different regions of the brain”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词white matter，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们表明，酒精摄入量与大脑宏观结构和微观结构之间的负相关在平均每天只摄入一到两个酒精单位的个体中已经很明显，并且随着酒精摄入量的增加而变得更强。“(consume) an average of only one to two daily alcohol units”作后置定语，consume(消耗)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语individuals之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式consuming作后置定语。故填consuming。 【8题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：我们表明，酒精摄入量与大脑宏观结构和微观结构之间的负相关在平均每天只摄入一到两个酒精单位的个体中已经很明显，并且随着酒精摄入量的增加而变得更强。形容词strong作表语，结合下文“as alcohol intake increases”可推知，酒精摄入量增加，负相关会变得更强，应用比较级stronger形式，意为“更强的”。故填stronger。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：研究者指出，相较于既往研究，其大样本量构成显著优势，使团队能更精准地解析与量化常规饮酒对大脑的潜在损害。an advantage over是固定搭配，意为“比……更有优势”。故填over。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：对于那些每天喝四杯或更多酒的人来说，他们的大脑可能会比完全不喝酒的人提前衰老整整十年。根据句意和下文中“their brains”可知，此处指“那些每天喝四杯或更多酒的人”，用指示代词those作宾语。故填those。 Section B 10% Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. automate B. casual C. detail D. dropped E. flooded F. limited G. occurrence H. refuse I sacrifice J. specific K. strategy Don’t Give Till It Hurts We have all walked past that red bucket without dropping in any money. We have all said “no” to those requests at the checkout counter to donate $1 to some worthy cause. Social media is ____11____ with all sorts of calls to donate. I bet we have all felt a sense of guilt if we do not hit the “Give Now” button. A friend of mine shared a story that perfectly captures this situation. Out shopping last week, she ____12____ some money into one of those red buckets. Luckily, the bell ringer had not changed by the time she left the store. But then she went to a second store, which had a bell ringer, too. “There was no ____13____ way I could mention donating at the other store,” she said. “I wish they’d give out stickers saying ‘I donated’ like the ‘I voted’ ones on Election Day, which would take away the guilt.” My friend does not need to feel guilty because I know she regularly donates to a bunch of worthy causes, but like the rest of us, she easily gets caught up in the moment. There are thousands of charities asking for our money, and many of them do great work. However, most of us have ____14____ resources. To make the most of these resources — minus the guilt — we need to follow four simple steps. ①Have a charitable giving plan: We need to work out exactly how much we want to give. This can be a(n) ____15____ dollar amount or a percentage of our income. Once we have decided how much to give, we need to research an organization to receive it. The final component of this step is to decide how often we want to give. One possibility is to make it a regular ____16____, maybe once a month. ② Follow the plan: The plan works only if we stick with it. If we have decided to give $100 a month to a favorite charity, we should ____17____ it. Just sign up to have the charity receive $100 from a bank account and arrange for an email receipt. ③ Just keep it simple: When asked to make unplanned contributions, you should just reply, “Thank you for the opportunity, but I’ve chosen to give in another way.” We do not need to go into ____18____. ④ Never feel bad again: At first, it may feel bad to ____19____ a request for money to rescue kittens in Michigan. Those bad feelings will go away once we remember that we already have a giving _____20_____ and we are following it. 【答案】11. E 12. D 13. B 14. F 15. J 16. G 17. A 18. C 19. H 20. K 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕捐赠展开讨论，指出社交媒体上捐赠请求众多，人们易有负罪感，接着给出合理捐赠的四个步骤。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：社交媒体充斥着各种各样的捐赠呼吁。根据语境可知，这里表示社交媒体被各种捐赠呼吁填满，“be flooded with”意为“被……淹没、充斥着”符合文意。故选E项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：上周出去购物时，她往其中一个红色桶里投了些钱。空处应用动词作谓语，结合前文“We have all walked past that red bucket without dropping in any money”可知此处说的是往桶里投钱，“dropped”符合语境。故选D项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“我没办法随便说我在另一家店捐过了，”她说。空处应用形容词作定语，“casual”有“随便的、不经意的”意思，“no casual way”表示“没办法随便怎样”，符合语境。故选B项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，我们大多数人的资源是有限的。空处应用形容词作定语，根据常识可知，人们的资源通常是有限的，“limited”意为“有限的”，作定语。故选F项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这可以是一个具体的金额，也可以是我们收入的一个百分比。空处作定语，“specific”表示“具体的”，与后文“percentage”对应，说明捐赠金额可以是具体的数额也可以是百分比。故选J项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：一种可能性是让它成为一种定期的行为，也许是每月一次。空处为单数名词作宾补，“occurrence”有“事件、发生的事”的意思，这里指定期捐赠这件事成为一种常规情况。故选G项。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果我们决定每月向一个喜欢的慈善机构捐赠100美元，我们应该自动执行。空处应填动词原形和should构成谓语，“automate”意为“使自动化、自动执行”，这里说通过银行账户自动转账给慈善机构。故选A项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们不需要详细说明。空处作宾语，“go into detail”是固定表达，意为“详细说明”，符合语境。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：一开始，拒绝为拯救密歇根州的小猫而捐款的请求可能会让人感觉不好。空处应填动词构成不定式结构，根据前文“Just keep it simple”提到拒绝无计划的捐赠，“refuse”意为“拒绝”。故选H项。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：一旦我们想起我们已经有了一个捐赠策略并且正在遵循它，那些不好的感觉就会消失。空处应填单数名词作宾语，“strategy”意为“策略”，与前文提到的捐赠计划相呼应。故选K项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A 15% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers edge through traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks. Drumbeats and trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by bellowing (大声吼叫的) street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs. Living in Mumbai requires a huge ___21___ for noise. When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial capital two decades ago, friends, acquaintances and even her lawyers insisted it was ___22___ . “People told me it’s foolish to even try, because Indians love noise,” she says. “We’re a noisy country.” But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to ___23___ environmental rules that had allowed loud music late into the night during a festival. ___24___ , the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within 100 meters of schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship. And she has since won more than a dozen other actions both on her own and via the Awaaz Foundation (awaaz means “noise” in Hindi), which she launched in 2006. The World Health Organization warns that noise is a top threat to human ___25___ , affecting not only hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health. Abdulali claims Mumbai is the world’s ___26___ city. A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, did find that noise levels in Mumbai and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits. In recent years the battle against noise has become increasingly ___27___ , with Abdulali often facing powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of growth. With increasing ___28___ , ever more people are exposed to continuous noise. In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise rules ___29___ development plans. Although sound barriers are required for construction projects, they’re expensive, so developers ___30___ installing them. Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels (分贝) — a level that can lead to permanent hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Luckily, ___31___ can help in the fight, Vijay says. He suggests devices that measure horn use, which would let officials offer ___32___ drivers rewards like deductions (扣除) on car insurance. Dynamic signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and ___33___ the urge to resort to horns, he says. Local government also ___34___ . Mumbai decreed (颁布) India’s first “No-Honking” day in 2008, with police handing out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing fines up to 1,000 rupees ($12) on offending motorists. Far more important is the longer-term impact of the day-to-day noise, so that’s where Vijay believes activists should focus their energy. “In India we celebrate festivals with lots of noise,” he says. “But our ___35___ noise itself is beyond the allowed limit.” 21. A. talent B. potential C. demand D. tolerance 22. A. encouraging B. reasonable C. ridiculous D. depressing 23. A. take advantage of B. put an end to C. lay emphasis on D. throw light on 24. A. Therefore B. Similarly C. Subsequently D. However 25. A. well-being B. intelligence C. interaction D. behavior 26. A. largest B. busiest C. loudest D. richest 27. A. difficult B. successful C. diverse D. easy 28. A. availability B. capitalization C. urbanization D. convenience 29. A. in pace with B. in contact with C. in league with D. in conflict with 30. A. recommend B. justify C. resist D. advocate 31. A. government B. technology C. finance D. psychology 32. A. quiet B. brave C. safe D. alert 33. A. trigger B. satisfy C. reduce D. maintain 34. A. steps in B. takes over C. cuts in D. takes off 35. A. traffic B. construction C. ceremony D. background 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孟买的噪音非常大，人们开始采取措施减少噪音污染。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：住在孟买需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。A. talent天赋；B. potential潜力；C. demand需求；D. tolerance容忍。根据上文“In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers edge through traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks. Drumbeats and trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by bellowing street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs.”可知，孟买的噪音很多，所以住在孟买需要对噪音有极大的容忍度。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当Sumaira Abdulali开始在印度金融首都开展反对噪音污染的运动时，朋友、熟人甚至她的律师都坚称这很愚蠢。A. encouraging令人鼓舞的；B. reasonable合理的；C. ridiculous愚蠢的；D. depressing令人沮丧的。根据下文“People told me it’s foolish to even try, because Indians love noise,”可知，此处表示Abdulali的朋友、熟人甚至律师都认为Abdulali反对噪音污染的运动是愚蠢的。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在2003年，Abdulali赢得了一场诉讼，该诉讼旨在结束允许音乐节期间大声播放到深夜的环境规定。A. take advantage of利用；B. put an end to结束；C. lay emphasis on强调；D. throw light on阐明。根据上文“When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial capital two decades ago,”以及下文“environmental rules that had allowed loud music late into the night during a festival.”可知，Abdulali反对噪音污染，所以这场诉讼是为了结束允许音乐节期间大声播放到深夜的环境规定。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：随后，她凭借自己和2006年成立的Awaaz基金会（Awaaz在印地语中的意思是“噪音”）赢得了十几项其他行动。A. Therefore因此；B. Similarly类似地；C. Subsequently随后；D. However然而。根据上文“But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to ___3___ environmental rules that had allowed loud music late into the night during a festival.”以及下文“the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within 100 meters of schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship.”可知，Abdulali赢得了一场诉讼，随后又赢得了十几项其他运动。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界卫生组织警告说，噪音是对人类健康的最大威胁，不仅影响听力，还影响睡眠、大脑发育和心血管健康。A. well-being健康；B. intelligence智力；C. interaction相互作用；D. behavior行为。根据下文“affecting not only hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health.”可知，此处表示噪音是人类健康的最大威胁。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Abdulali声称孟买是世界上声音最大的城市。A. largest最大的；B. busiest最繁忙的；C. loudest最大声的；D. richest最富有的。根据下文“A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, did find that noise levels in Mumbai and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits.”可知，孟买及周边地区的噪音水平大大超过了法律限制，所以此处表示Abdulali称孟买是世界上声音最大的城市。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，与噪音的斗争变得越来越困难，Abdulali经常面临强大的利益集团，他们认为噪音是经济发展的必然副产品。A. difficult困难的；B. successful成功的；C. diverse多样的；D. easy容易的。根据下文“with Abdulali often facing powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of growth.”可知，强大的利益集团认为噪音是经济发展的必然副产品，所以与噪音的斗争会变得越来越困难。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着城市化程度的提高，越来越多的人暴露在持续的噪音中。A. availability可利用性；B. capitalization资本化；C. urbanization城市化；D. convenience方便。根据下文“In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise rules ___9___ development plans.”可知，此处表示城市化的程度的提高。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：在孟买这样一个人口超过1200万的快速扩张城市，对住房的需求使噪音规定与发展计划相冲突。A. in pace with与……步调一致；B. in contact with与……保持联系；C. in league with与……勾结；D. in conflict with与……冲突。根据上文“In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12 million, demand for housing puts noise rules”以及语境可知，对住房的需求使得噪音的规定和发展计划冲突。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管建筑项目需要隔音屏障，但它们价格昂贵，因此开发商拒绝安装。A. recommend推荐；B. justify证明……是正当的；C. resist抵制；D. advocate提倡。根据上文“Although sound barriers are required for construction projects, they’re expensive,”可知，隔音屏障价格昂贵，所以开发商会拒绝安装。故选C。 31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，技术可以帮助对抗，Vijay说。A. government政府；B. technology技术；C. finance金融；D. psychology心理学。根据下文“He suggests devices that measure horn use, which would let officials offer ___12___ drivers rewards like deductions on car insurance.”以及“Dynamic signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and ___13___ the urge to resort to horns, he says.”可知，使用设备测量喇叭使用情况，与红绿灯相连的传感器检测交通密度的动态信号改善车辆流量，即技术可以帮助对抗道路上的噪音。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他建议使用测量喇叭使用情况的设备，让官员为安静的司机提供奖励，比如汽车保险扣减。A. quiet安静的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全；D. alert警觉的。根据上文“Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels(分贝)—a level that can lead to permanent hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure,”以及语境可知，此处表示测量司机的喇叭的使用情况，使用喇叭较少的司机产生的噪音少，即安静的司机。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，与红绿灯相连的传感器检测交通密度的动态信号将改善车辆流量，减少使用喇叭的冲动。A. trigger触发；B. satisfy满足；C. reduce减少；D. maintain维持。根据上文“Dynamic signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow”以及常识可知，车辆流量被改善之后，司机按喇叭的冲动会减少。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当地政府也采取了行动。A. steps in介入；B. takes over接管；C. cuts in打断；D. takes off起飞。根据下文“Mumbai decreed India’s first “No-Honking” day in 2008, with police handing out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing fines up to 1, 000 rupees ($12) on offending motorists.”可知，当地政府也介入，采取了行动。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我们的仪式噪音本身就超出了允许的范围。A. traffic交通；B. construction建设；C. ceremony典礼，仪式；D. background背景。根据上文“In India we celebrate festivals with lots of noise,”以及下文“noise itself is beyond the allowed limit.”可知，此处表示庆祝活动的噪音本身就超出了被允许的范围。故选C。 Section B 22% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The HISTORY Channel series Alone drops contestants into some of the planet’s most punishing environments, with a bare minimum of clothing, safety and survival gear. In their battle against the elements, contestants are forced to use their fitness, their courage and their creativity to become true survivalists. Few people choose to be thrown into such extreme situations, but those who do have usually stumbled into some immense bad luck. Just check out one of the famous real-life survival stories: Mauro Prosperi is an Italian police officer who gained worldwide fame after getting lost in the Sahara Desert in 1994. A keen athlete and long-distance runner, Mauro took part in the 1994 Marathon of the Sands in Morocco, a six-day-long endurance race in one of the driest and barren environments on the planet. During the race, a sandstorm caused Prosperi, then 39 years old, married and father to three children, to become disoriented. One day after going off track, he found himself in an abandoned Muslim temple in Algeria. In order to survive, he killed and ate bats. For liquid, he was forced to drink his own waste, lick dew off of rocks and suck moisture out of his wet wipes. Assuming he would never be found, he cut his wrists with a pen knife from his supplies. However, it was such a dry heat that the wounds thickened and concreted, and he was forced to go back into the desert and attempt to find help. For nine days he walked through the desert and ate insects and cold-blooded animals. Finally, he found a small village. From there he was flown to a hospital, where doctors said his liver had almost completely failed. Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prosperi lost 35 pounds in body weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it took several months before he could eat solid food again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and completed the race in 2012. 36. Prosperi have to discontinue the Marathon of the Sands because ______. A. his supplies were running out B. his children didn’t want to lose him C. he lost his way for the bad weather D. he couldn’t tolerate the extreme heat 37. What caused Mauro Prosperi to head back to the desert for help? A. His intention to heal the wound. B. His failure to take away his own life. C His decreasing interest in food sources. D. His discomfort with the temple environment. 38. According to the passage, what can be inferred about Mauro Prosperi’s experience? A. He found an alternative source of water in a traditional way. B. He demonstrated the determination to survive all the way through. C. His story was a proof of the worsening relationship between man and nature. D. His eventual return to the race signified his persistence. 39. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A. To entertain readers with an awe-inspiring fictional adventure story. B. To educate readers about the possible dangers of punishing environments. C. To inspire readers with human’s ability to survive the extreme challenges. D. To remind readers of the value of essential survival skills and preparedness. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了普洛斯彼里在沙漠中与大自然斗争，凭借他的健康、勇气和创造力，最后幸存下来的故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“During the race, a sandstorm caused Prosperi, then 39 years old, married and father to three children, to become disoriented. One day after going off track, he found himself in an abandoned Muslim temple in Algeria.（在比赛期间，一场沙尘暴使当时39岁、已婚并有三个孩子的普洛斯彼里迷失了方向。在偏离赛道后的一天，他发现自己来到了阿尔及利亚一座废弃的穆斯林寺庙。）”可知，普洛斯彼里不得不停止马拉松，是因为恶劣的天气使他迷路了。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Assuming he would never be found, he cut his wrists with a pen knife from his supplies. However, it was such a dry heat that the wounds thickened and concreted, and he was forced to go back into the desert and attempt to find help.（他以为再也找不到他了，就从他的用品里拿了把钢笔刀割腕。然而，天气太热了，伤口变厚凝结，他被迫回到沙漠，试图寻求帮助。）”可知，普洛斯彼里回到沙漠寻求帮助是因为他没能结束自己的生命。故选B项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prosperi lost 35 pounds in body weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it took several months before he could eat solid food again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and completed the race in 2012.（在总共旅行了180英里之后，普洛斯彼里在沙漠中遭受了严重的痛苦，体重减轻了35磅；过了好几个月他才又能吃固体食物了。但他仍然是一个热情的跑步者，甚至在2012年回来完成了比赛。）”可以推论出，普洛斯彼里是一个坚持不懈的人。故选D项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“In their battle against the elements, contestants are forced to use their fitness, their courage and their creativity to become true survivalists.（在与大自然的斗争中，选手们被迫使用他们的健康、勇气和创造力，成为真正的生存主义者。）”和普洛斯彼里的故事可以推论出，本文的目的是通过人类在极端挑战中生存的能力来激励读者。故选C项。 (B) MC Markham College ________________________ Center for Continuing Education Bollywood Workout 10 weeks Fridays, 19.00-21.00 $8220 Lessons focus on the classic moves of the entertaining and beautiful dance forms seen in Bollywood films, all accompanied by lively traditional music. The classes offer a great full-body workout for those who want to stay in shape and include more exercise in their weekly routine. Comfortable clothes are recommended. Basic First Aid 8 weeks Tuesdays, 19.30-21.30 $175 We offer hands-on learing of this important life skill so you’ll be able to act confidently in various emergency situations requiring first aid. You’ll also learn about common medical conditions, along with suitable treatments for people of various ages. Successful participants will receive a certificate in basic first aid. Car Maintenance for Beginners 10 weeks Thursdays, 18.30-21.00 $400 This course provides practical training in basic servicing, replacement of parts and minor repairs. It also includes lectures on car engines, tires and brakes as well as how to buy cars. You will gain a better understanding of how cars work and practical knowledge on how to keep your car in good working order. Malaysian Cookery 6 weeks Wed, and Fri, 19.00-21.30 $440 Our course introduces students to Malaysian cooking — a fantastic mix of cuisines, mainly Malay, Chinese and Indian. The varied dishes guarantee something for everyone’s taste. All our tutors are Malaysian-born and fully qualified. Classes are small to ensure good supervision. Students work in individual, fully equipped cooking stations. And no washing up! Creative Writing 8 weeks Mon. and Thu., 19.30-21.00 $265 This course introduces you to the skill and process of creative writing. In-class exercises focus on characterization, dialogue and narrative. Assignments done at home will develop your ideas. You’re encouraged to listen to each other’s work and offer critical support. You’ll discover your own writing voice while producing fiction and poetry. An introduction to psychology 12 weeks Tue, and Fri, 17.30-19.30 $495 Psychology is about understanding human behaviour and this course is designed for people who would like to increase their knowledge of this important and fascinating area. The course covers a range of topics, encouraging discussion of past and present theories and case studies. A certificate of completion will be awarded. 40. The Bollywood Workout course is essentially ________. A. a film-making course B. a fitness course C. a history course D. a music course 41. If you want to learn some life skills and are interested in earning a certificate, which course would be the most suitable choice? A. Basic First Aid. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Creative Writing. 42. Considering the structure of the various courses offered, which course seems to emphasize a blend of practical skills with theoretical knowledge? A. Bollywood Workout. B. Malaysian Cookery. C. An introduction to psychology. D. Car Maintenance for Beginners. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了MC Markham College继续教育中心开设的六门课程的相关信息，包括课程名称、时长、上课时间、费用以及课程内容的简要介绍。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Bollywood Workout”课程介绍中的“The classes offer a great full-body workout for those who want to stay in shape and include more exercise in their weekly routine. (这些课程为那些想要保持身材并在每周例行活动中增加更多锻炼的人提供了很好的全身锻炼。)”可知，Bollywood Workout为想保持身材、增加锻炼的人提供全身健身训练，本质上是一门健身课程。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Basic First Aid”课程介绍中的“We offer hands-on learing of this important life skill so you’ll be able to act confidently in various emergency situations requiring first aid. (我们提供这一重要生活技能的实践学习，以便您能够在需要急救的各种紧急情况下自信地采取行动。)”以及“Successful participants will receive a certificate in basic first aid. (成功的参与者将获得基础急救证书。)”可知，如果你想学习一些生活技能，并对获得证书感兴趣，Basic First Aid这门课程将是最合适的选择。故选A项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Car Maintenance for Beginners”课程介绍中的“This course provides practical training in basic servicing, replacement of parts and minor repairs. It also includes lectures on car engines, tires and brakes as well as how to buy cars. (本课程提供基础保养、零件更换和小修方面的实操培训。课程还包括关于汽车发动机、轮胎和刹车的讲座，以及如何购买汽车的内容。)”可知，Car Maintenance for Beginners这门课程强调了实践技能与理论知识的结合。故选D项。 (C) Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction. When our research group began its work almost 20 years ago, we discovered that dogs also have extraordinary intelligence: they can read our gestures better than any other species. Wolves, in contrast, are mysterious and unpredictable. Their home is the wilderness, and that wilderness is shrinking. But not so long ago the evolutionary race between dogs and wolves was so close, it was unclear who would win. Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolflike ancestor. Folklore supposes that humans brought wolf puppies into camp and domesticated them. Or as wolf expert David Mech wrote in 1974, “Evidently early humans tamed wolves and domesticated them, eventually selectively breeding them and finally developing the domestic dog from them.” But this story has not held up. Taming an animal occurs during its lifetime. Domestication happens over generations and involves changes to the genome. So how did wolves turn into dogs? Back in the Ice Age, as our human populations grew more sedentary, we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps. These leavings would have included tempting pieces of food for hungry wolves. Not every wolf would have been able to scavenge, however. These animals would have had to be unafraid of humans, and if they displayed any aggression toward us, they would have been killed. After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance. Coat color, ears, tails: all probably started to change. Animals that could respond to our gestures and voices would be extremely useful as hunting partners and guards. They would have been valuable as well for their warmth and companionship, and slowly we would have allowed them to move from outside our camps to our firesides. We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves. 43. What can be summarized about wolves and dogs from the first three paragraphs? A. Wolves are smarter than dogs. B. They are very much racially divided. C. They are close relatives but dogs seem to be on the winning side. D. Dogs have made their ways to indoor life while wolves to the wild. 44. What is the meaning of the underlined word “sedentary” in paragraph 5? A. diverse B. limited C. living in the same place D. involving regular migration 45. What does the author conclude from the history of dogs and wolves? A. Dogs evolved from wolves. B. Selective breeding developed domestic dogs. C. Taming and domesticating an animal are the same thing. D. Friendliness as a quality translates into an evolutionary strategy. 46. Which of the following is suitable for a title? A. From Wolf to Dog B. Dog: Our Favorite Pet C. An Intentional Domestication D. A Competition Story between Wolf and Dog 【答案】43. C 44. C 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.(狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”以及第三段中“Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolflike ancestor. (事实上，狗并不是狼的后代。相反，狗和狼有着共同的类狼祖先)”可推知，从前三段可以总结出狼和狗是近亲，但狗似乎是赢家。故选C。 【44题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps.”可知，冰河时代，人类开始在同一个地方制造了更多的垃圾，然后把垃圾倒在营地外面，说明人类越来越多地选择住在同一个地方，垃圾才能堆积起来。画线词意思是“住在同一个地方”。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance.(经过几代人的友好选择，而不是人类的有意选择，这一特殊的狼群种群将开始呈现不同的外观)”以及最后一段中“We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves. (我们没有驯养狗。最友善的狼驯化了自己)”可推知，作者从狗和狼的历史中得出的结论是：作为一种品质的友善可以转化为一种进化策略。故选D。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.(人类并不是唯一进行自我驯化的物种。还有我们的近亲倭黑猩猩，以及我们最好的朋友。狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”结合文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。可知，A选项“从狼到狗”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Section C 8% Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Eco-tourism at its best This month marks the tenth anniversary of ResponsibleTravel.com, an ethical travel website launched by Justin Francis. When he started the site, Justin was told by many experts that his idea wouldn’t work, because people would not be interested in an ethical company. ___47___ These holidays are aimed at people who want a real experience instead of just seeing something. The choice is enormous. If you enjoy bird-watching, you can stay in a bed and breakfast in the South of England that was built with local materials and provides a healthy breakfast made from local products. ___48___ Here, rainwater is recycled and travellers have the chance to meet the local people. It is longer journeys that are the most problematic for ethical travel companies because of the pollution caused by the flights. At first, ResponsibleTravel.com supported the idea of carbon offsets. This is a way for people to make up for the amount of carbon dioxide they have produced by flying abroad. However, two years ago, Justin stopped offering carbon offsets because he could see that the system was unethical. ResponsibleTravel.com is ethical in every way. ___49___ And he doesn’t charge them for advertising on his site. His income is based on an honesty system where travel companies declare how much money they have made by appearing on his website. The fact that Justin’s business has just reached its first $100 million in sales shows that this system works. ___50___ Customers are asked to rate their holiday from 1 to 5, where 1 is disappointing and 5 is the best holiday ever. The average mark is 4.5, which shows that most travellers are extremely satisfied with their experience. Not only that, but through their own enjoyment, they have helped a local community and the environment. It’s a winning combination. A. Alternatively, you can travel to a remote island in the South Pacific. B. Nevertheless, he makes sure that each trip is advantageous for local communities. C. Right from the start, only companies which showed real interest in the environment were invited to appear on Justin’s website. D. However, he proved everyone wrong and ResponsibleTravel.com now offers eco-tourists more than 4,000 holiday experiences. E. The company doesn’t only support good practice in alternative tourism. F. However, ResponsibleTravel.com has not only succeeded financially. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. C 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Justin Francis创办的责任旅行网的创办背景、生态旅游项目、伦理运营模式及成功成效。 【47题详解】 上文“This month marks the tenth anniversary of ResponsibleTravel.com, an ethical travel website launched by Justin Francis. When he started the site, Justin was told by many experts that his idea wouldn’t work, because people would not be interested in an ethical company.(本月是 ResponsibleTravel.com成立十周年。该网站是Justin Francis创办的一家伦理旅游平台。当Justin创办这个网站时，许多专家都告诉Justin他的想法行不通，因为人们不会对一家秉持伦理理念的公司感兴趣。)”提到专家认为Justin的伦理旅游网站想法行不通。选项D“However, he proved everyone wrong and ResponsibleTravel.com now offers eco-tourists more than 4,000 holiday experiences.(然而，他证明了所有人都错了，ResponsibleTravel.com现在为生态旅游者提供了4000多种度假体验。)”与上文形成转折，自然引出下文内容。故选D。 【48题详解】 上文“If you enjoy bird-watching, you can stay in a bed and breakfast in the South of England that was built with local materials and provides a healthy breakfast made from local products.(如果你喜欢观鸟，可以入住英格兰南部的一家家庭旅馆，这家旅馆采用当地材料建造，提供的健康早餐也全部源自本地食材。)”举例说明可以入住英格兰南部观鸟度假屋；选项A“Alternatively, you can travel to a remote island in the South Pacific.(或者，你也可以前往南太平洋的一座偏远岛屿。)”用“Alternatively”引出另一个生态旅游选择，与前文场景形成并列。故选A。 【49题详解】 上文“ResponsibleTravel.com is ethical in every way.(ResponsibleTravel.com在各个方面都坚守伦理准则。)”强调网站各方面都符合伦理。选项C“Right from the start, only companies which showed real interest in the environment were invited to appear on Justin’s website.(从一开始，Justin只邀请那些真正关注环境的公司入驻网站。)”延续上文内容，具体说明伦理表现——仅邀请真正关注环境的公司入驻，且后文“And he doesn’t charge them for advertising on his site.(且他不向它们收取任何广告费用。)”进一步补充伦理运营方式，形成逻辑连贯。故选C。 【50题详解】 上文“The fact that Justin’s business has just reached its first $100 million in sales shows that this system works.(Justin的公司刚刚实现1亿美元的销售额，这一事实证明了这套体系的有效性。)”提到网站销售额达1亿美元，经济上很成功。选项F“However, ResponsibleTravel.com has not only succeeded financially.(然而，ResponsibleTravel.com不仅在经济上取得了成功。)”用“not only”承接上文，同时引出下文“Customers are asked to rate their holiday from 1 to 5, where 1 is disappointing and 5 is the best holiday ever. The average mark is 4.5, which shows that most travellers are extremely satisfied with their experience. (网站会邀请顾客为自己的假期评分，分值从1到5分不等（1分代表令人失望，5分代表最佳度假体验）。目前平均评分高达4.5分，这表明绝大多数游客对他们的体验极为满意。)”，指出该网站不仅经济层面的成功，用户满意度也高。故选F。 第II卷 III. Summary Writing 10% 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Future of Virtual Reality Over the next decade, Virtual Reality (VR) could dramatically change our lives as it becomes more advanced and widely used. Experts think that by 2030, VR might be a big part of our everyday routines. Right now, over 40 million people own VR headsets, and this number is expected to double in the next three years. VR is set to make a big impact in various fields. In gaming, VR will offer a new level of engagement, letting players fully explore and interact with virtual worlds. Games will become more interactive, allowing players to look around and control their experiences in ways not possible with traditional games. Designers are already exploring new game styles that focus on enjoying the VR environment rather than just quick reactions or scoring points. Education will also see exciting changes. Within the next five to ten years, teachers might use VR to take students on virtual field trips or provide engaging learning experiences. History students could witness important battles up close, medical students might explore the human body as if they were tiny cells, and music students could attend virtual concerts in iconic venues like the Sydney Opera House. VR could also transform travel. By 2021, virtual scenes of cities, beaches, and other stunning places could become available, allowing people to “visit” destinations that are otherwise hard to reach due to distance or cost. This could make travel more accessible for everyone and potentially reduce the environmental impact of tourism, such as reducing carbon emissions from flights and transportation. However, VR might not become as popular as expected. If the technology doesn’t advance enough, it could end up like older tech such as CDs or PDAs. Problems like delay or motion sickness from underpowered hardware might make it less appealing. Despite its potential, VR’s future success will depend on overcoming these challenges. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Over the next decade, Virtual Reality (VR), with its increasingly wide use, may transform our daily life. It will enhance gaming with interactive experiences. Education will be revolutionized through virtual field trips and interactive learning experience. Travel will change with virtual visits to distant places, thus being more eco-friendly. However, VR’s success depends on overcoming its potential issues. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实（VR）在未来十年的发展前景，包括其在游戏、教育、旅行等领域可能带来的变革，同时也指出了VR技术可能面临的挑战和限制，其未来成功与否将取决于能否克服这些挑战。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Over the next decade, Virtual Reality(VR) could dramatically change our lives as it becomes more advanced and widely used. ②Right now, over 40 million people own VR headsets, and this number is expected to double in the next three years. ③In gaming, VR will offer a new level of engagement, letting players fully explore and interact with virtual worlds. ④Education will also see exciting changes. Within the next five to ten years teachers might use VR to take students on virtual field trips or provide engaging learning experiences. ⑤VR could also transform travel. By 2021, virtual scenes of cities, beaches, and other stunning places could become available, allowing people to “visit” destinations that are otherwise hard to reach due to distance or cost. ⑥However, VR might not become as popular as expected. If the technology doesn’t advance enough, it could end up like older tech such as CDs or PDAs. Problems like delay or motion sickness from underpowered hardware might make it less appealing. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行整合，将第③、④、⑤三个要点分别进行重组。 3.遣词造句 As Virtual Reality continues to gain widespread adoption over the next decade, it is poised to revolutionize our daily lives. Not only will it enhance gaming with interactive experiences but also it will transform education through virtual field trips, while travel will be reshaped as virtual visits to far-flung destinations become eco-friendlier. But its success hinges on addressing potential challenges. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As Virtual Reality continues to gain widespread adoption over the next decade, it is poised to revolutionize our daily lives.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中as引导的时间状语从句表达高级。 [高分句型2] Not only will it enhance gaming with interactive experiences but also it will transform education through virtual field trips, while travel will be reshaped as virtual visits to far-flung destinations become eco-friendlier.用部分倒装句对第二、三、四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation 15% Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你大兴土木纪念亡母没有必要。（point）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no point in carrying out large-scale construction in memory of your late mother. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、固定搭配和时态。句子陈述一般性事实，用一般现在时。根据提示词point可知，“没有必要”用固定句型There is no point in doing sth.表示“做某事没有必要”；“大兴土木”用动词短语carry out large-scale construction，作介词in的宾语，故carry变为carrying；“纪念”用固定搭配in memory of作目的状语；“亡母”用your late mother作介词of的宾语。故翻译为There is no point in carrying out large-scale construction in memory of your late mother. 53. 需要什么能进入下一轮面试？ （qualify）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What does it take to qualify for the next round of the interview? 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和特殊疑问句。根据句意，句子是一个特殊疑问句，且描述的是一般情况，使用一般现在时；表示“需要什么”，“什么”是特殊疑问词what，位于句首，首字母需大写；“需要……做某事”常用固定句式“it takes... to do sth.”，这里是特殊疑问句，所以借助助动词does来构成疑问语序，it作形式主语；表示“进入（获得……资格）”用短语“qualify for”作谓语，助动词does提前变成一般疑问句，所以此处使用动词原形；“下一轮面试”是the next round of the interview，“to qualify for the next round of the interview” 是真正的主语部分。故翻译为What does it take to qualify for the next round of the interview? 54. 旅行的意义不在于朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞，而在于从每日常规中挣脱出来，重新掌控自己生活的节奏。(not...but...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The significance of travel lies not in how many likes on Moments, but in breaking away from daily routine and regaining control over the rhythm of one’s life. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语，时态，主谓一致和动名词。“旅行的意义”是the significance of travel，“在于”是固定短语lie in，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语significance是不可数名词，因此lie用第三人称单数，“不是……而是……”是固定搭配not...but...，“朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞”是how many likes on Moments，“从……中挣脱出来”是break away from，用动名词breaking作宾语，“每日常规”是daily routine，“重新掌控”是regain control over，用动名词regaining作宾语，“自己生活的节奏”是the rhythm of one’s life，用and连接两个动作。故答案为The significance of travel lies not in how many likes on Moments, but in breaking away from daily routine and regaining control over the rhythm of one’s life. 55. 机器人与人类选手肩并肩冲过半程马拉松终点线，在那一瞬间，人们欢呼雀跃，庆祝这一象征科技进步的历史性突破。 (The instant) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The instant a robot and a human athlete crossed the half-marathon finish line side by side, people cheered and celebrated this historic breakthrough symbolizing technological progress. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。发生在过去用一般过去时；引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”用the instant；表示“机器人与人类选手”用a robot and a human athlete，作主语；表示“冲过半程马拉松终点线”翻译为cross the half-marathon finish line；表示“肩并肩”为side by side；主句主语为people；表示“欢呼雀跃”为cheer；表示“庆祝”用celebrate；表示“历史性突破”为this historic breakthrough，表示“一象征科技进步”用现在分词短语symbolizing technological progress，作定语修饰breakthrough。故翻译为The instant a robot and a human athlete crossed the half-marathon finish line side by side, people cheered and celebrated this historic breakthrough symbolizing technological progress. V. Guided Writing 25% 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是风华中学高三学生李华。你所在的学校“创意社团(the Creative Society)”正在策划一项面向大宁社区青年的推广活动(a promotion campaign)，现有三个备选项目： ① 推广一个城市漫步主题路线(a Citywalk theme route)； ② 推广一个“旧物改造”环保工作坊(an “Upcycling” environmental workshop)； ③ 推广一个社区“技能交换”平台(a community “Skill Swap” platform)。 请你给社团委员会(the Society Board)写一封信，提交你的想法。信中必须包含： 1. 你选择推广的一个项目； 2. 你选择该项目的理由； 3. 你的详细推广计划。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Society Board, I’m Li Hua from Class X, Grade 3. I’m writing to share my idea about the promotion campaign. I think the ‌“Upcycling” environmental workshop is a great choice. The reason for choosing this project is that it both protects the environment and encourages creativity. By transforming old items, we reduce waste and save resources, while also bringing people together and fostering a sense of community. Here’s my detailed promotion plan. Firstly, set up a booth in the community center to demonstrate upcycled products and explain the concept. Secondly, organize workshops with professional designers or DIY enthusiasts teaching people to make upcycled products. Thirdly, hold an upcycling competition where people bring old items to transform. The best works will be awarded and exhibited. I believe these activities will attract more people to upcycling and our workshop. Thank you for considering my proposal. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于建议信。要求考生从三个备选项目中选择一个并给社团委员会写信提交想法，包括选择的项目、理由及详细推广计划。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 选择：choice → option 培养：foster → cultivate 解释：explain → account for 吸引：attract → appeal to/draw 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, set up a booth in the community center to demonstrate upcycled products and explain the concept. 拓展句：Firstly, set up a booth in the community center where you can demonstrate upcycled products and explain the concept. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The reason for choosing this project is that it both protects the environment and encourages creativity. (运用了连接词that引导的表语从句) [高分句型2] Thirdly, hold an upcycling competition where people bring old items to transform.(运用了关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $