专题1 第4讲 词句猜测题——“义”由“境”生莫忘记(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

专题集训 专题微练11　词句猜测题——单词猜测类 [对应学生用书P155] A (2024·贵州贵阳期末)Different ethnic groups in China have different traditional designs that they use in their clothes，handicrafts，decorations and architecture.These designs have developed over the years because of each particular group's understanding of the world around them. Many people，when they see these designs，are struck by their beauty，but they may not think designs are fashionable.But increasingly，more artists are realizing that with a little change，these ethnic designs can be used to create popular modern fashion.Ethnic tradition is also making its way into the global fashion scene. At the Fiji Fashion Week in 2018，which was attended by some of the world's best designers，a set of interesting designs from China was widely praised.The designs，featuring elements from the costumes worn by China's Miao ethnic group were made by a professor at the fashion college of Donghua University in Shanghai，and some of his students.With their bright colors and beautiful embroidery (绣花)，the designs showed a true meeting of fashion with tradition. YangHuazhen，who was born in a Tibetan village in Sichuan Province，has added the traditional colors of China's Tibetan and Qiang ethnic groups to embroidery crafts，becoming a muse for many global fashion brands.Yang learnt how to make Tibetan and Qiang ethnic embroidery when she was very young，but as an adult she worked as a photo journalist and only did embroidery as a hobby.However，in 2008，Yang who survived the earthquake，decided to help the people who had been affected by the earthquake in Wenchuan.Yang taught embroidery to the women of the area，hoping that they could use the skill to make money and it turned out to be a great success. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国少数民族的传统设计如何通过艺术家们的创新融入现代时尚，成为全球时尚界的新宠，体现了民族文化与世界文化的交融。 1．What's the majority's opinion about the ethnic traditional designs? A．They are pretty. B．They are creative. C．They are modern and popular. D．They are fashionable. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many people，when they see these designs，are struck by their beauty，but they may not think designs are fashionable.(许多人看到这些设计时，会被它们的美丽所打动，但他们可能不认为这些设计是时尚的。)”可知，大多数人认为这些民族传统设计很漂亮。故选A。 答案　A 2．What is a feature of designs from China at the 2018 Fiji Fashion Week? A．College students made them. B．They were designed by world best designers. C．Miao costumes were the source of the creation. D．Miao ethnic group added embroidery to them. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The designs，featuring elements from the costumes worn by China's Miao ethnic group were made by a professor at the fashion college of Donghua University in Shanghai，and some of his students.(这些设计以中国苗族服饰为特色，由上海东华大学时装学院的一位教授和他的一些学生创作。)”可知，2018年斐济时装周上中国设计的特色在于它们融合了苗族服饰元素。故选C。 答案　C 3．What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Loss. B．Inspiration. C．Concern. D．Custom. 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在的句子“Yang Huazhen，who was born in a Tibetan village in Sichuan Province，has added the traditional colors of China's Tibetan and Qiang ethnic groups to embroidery crafts (杨华珍出生在四川省的一个藏族村庄，她在刺绣工艺中加入了中国藏族和羌族的传统色彩)”以及“for many global fashion brands (许多全球时尚品牌)”可知，杨华珍在刺绣工艺中加入了中国藏族和羌族的传统色彩，这些元素成了许多全球时尚品牌的灵感来源。所以画线的单词意为“灵感”。故选B。 答案　B 4．Which of the following statement best expresses the topic of the passage? A．The ethnic designs are out of date. B．More and more women do embroidery as a hobby. C．Young people should learn traditional embroidery. D．What belongs to an ethnic group also belongs to the world. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Different ethnic groups in China have different traditional designs that they use in their clothes，handicrafts，decorations and architecture.These designs have developed over the years because of each particular group's understanding of the world around them.(中国不同的民族有不同的传统设计，他们在衣服、手工艺品、装饰品和建筑中使用这些设计。这些设计经过多年的发展，是因为每个特定群体对周围世界的理解。)”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国的民族传统设计，这些设计不仅在本国受到欢迎，也在国际上引起了关注，成为时尚界的一部分。所以“属于一个民族的东西也是属于世界的”适合作本文的标题。故选D。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 handicraft n.手工艺； 手工艺品 element n.要素，组成部分 核心 短语 be struck by被……所侵袭； 被……所触动 make money挣钱 turn out to be结果是…… 语块 积累 different ethnic groups in China中国不同的民族 global fashion brands全球时尚品牌 长难 句分 析 YangHuazhen，who was born in a Tibetan village in Sichuan Province，has added the traditional colors of China's Tibetan and Qiang ethnic groups to embroidery crafts，becoming a muse for many global fashion brands. 分析：这是一个主从复合句，句子主干是Yang Huazhen has added the traditional colors of China's Tibetan and Qiang ethnic groups to embroidery crafts；定语从句是who was born in a Tibetan village in Sichuan Province；becoming a muse for many global fashion brands作结果状语。 译文：出生于四川省一个藏族村庄的杨华珍，将中国藏族和羌族的传统色彩加入刺绣工艺品中，这些元素成了全球许多时尚品牌的灵感来源。 B (2025·武汉调研)Olympic athletes pour everything into training for the Games，routinely pushing their physical and mental bounds to the limit—and beyond—for a shot at a gold medal.Yet they are often accompanied by an emotional comedown. Emotions are heightened by the nature of the event itself.The Olympics are a massive cultural event—a combination of global public attention，financial investment and media coverage.New international celebrities are created，and some competitors' reputations are ruined during various accusations.Athletes are under the pressure of representing their country and winning medals in front of worldwide audience.“But then all of that publicity and intensity around being an Olympian falls off very quickly，”says Cogan，a lead sports psychologist.It's more about making a map of how to get to a destination.Once you get there，it's like，“Now what？” A 2023 paper explained the identity crises athletes face as a result of overfocus on performance，leaving their non-sporting personalities underdeveloped.In a 2018 paper，Howells wrote that athletes with a greater “myopic” focus are more at risk of the “blues”．“It is common for top competitors to have this very high athletic identity，”says Howells.“They've sacrificed (牺牲) every other aspect of their identity for the purpose of being an Olympian.They seem unable to realize that their actions might have negative consequences in the future.” Efforts to minimize this mindset have helped some athletes to open up more about their mental health.Experts advise Olympians to start conversations about mental health support well before the Games begin.Olympians should also discuss mental health monitoring strategies before，during and after the Games.Athletes and experts say the sporting industry has，in the last decade，been promoting better work-life balance outside of the game.Briana，a soccer goalkeeper，says that her team and coaches actively encourage spending quality time with families and significant others，as well as finding hobbies that feel joyful and rewarding. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。奥运会运动员在高强度的训练和比赛后，往往会经历情绪上的低谷。专家建议奥运会运动员在比赛开始前就进行有关心理健康支持的交谈，并在比赛前后制订心理健康监测策略。 5．What is the main cause for Olympic athletes' mental breakdown? A．A sense of loss. B．The pressure of competition. C．The media coverage. D．The audience's attention. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“‘But then all of that publicity and intensity around being an Olympian falls off very quickly，’says Cogan...Once you get there，it's like，‘Now what？’”可知，首席运动心理学家Cogan认为，随后(比赛后)，作为一个奥运选手所受到的所有关注和压力很快就会消失。这更像是制作一张如何到达目的地的地图。一旦你到达那里，就会想，“那接下来呢？”，所以比赛前后出现了很大的心理落差。A项中的loss与原文中的“falls off”是同义转换。故选A。 答案　A 6．What does the underlined word “myopic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Ridiculous. B．Short-sighted. C．All-around. D．Unexpected. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段首句“A 2023 paper explained the identity crises athletes face as a result of overfocus on performance，leaving their non-sporting personalities underdeveloped”可知，一篇2023年的报告解释了，过于专注于运动表现的运动员的非体育人格没有发展完善，而这导致了他们的身份危机。画线词所在句表明，Howells在2018年的报告中指出，那些更“myopic”地专注于运动的运动员更容易感到沮丧。因此，画线词“myopic”应与过度专注于某个方面(即“短视”)相关。short-sighted“目光短浅的，无远见的”。故选B。 答案　B 7．What might be a fundamental solution to the athletes' identity crisis? A．Having higher athletic identity. B．Discussing their problems publicly. C．Developing a sense of identity outside the sport. D．Making greater achievements in sporting industry. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A 2023 paper explained the identity crises athletes face as a result of overfocus on performance，leaving their non-sporting personalities underdeveloped”可知，运动员的身份危机是由于过度专注于运动表现而导致他们的非体育人格发展不足。因此，根本的解决方案应是发展运动之外的身份认同。第四段提到的“promoting better work-life balance outside of the game”也支持了选项C，即在运动之外发展自我认同感。 答案　C 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．From Bad to Worse：Athletes' Well-being B．Olympic Athletes Suffering from Stress C．Athletes Adapting to Post-Olympic Period D．From Hero to Zero：the Post-Olympic Blues 解析　文章大意题。文章重点讨论了奥运会运动员在赛后面临的情绪低落和身份危机问题，并提供了应对策略。D项“从英雄到无名小卒：后奥运忧郁症”不仅提到了文章关注的问题“Post-Olympic Blues”，还概括了从“英雄到无名小卒”这一主要原因，与文章内容高度契合，因此作本文标题最佳。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 heighten v.(使)加强，提高，增加　combination n.结合，组合　coverage n.覆盖范围；新闻报道　accusation n.指控；指责　publicity n.宣传，推广；报道，关注　intensity n.强烈，紧张，剧烈 massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的 rewarding adj.值得的，有益的 熟词 生义 fall off常用义：掉下、跌落 文章义：减少，降低 核心 短语 pour sth into sth大量投入(金钱)于某事物 under the pressure of在……的压力下 at risk of有……的风险 for the purpose of为了……的目的 C (2025·郑州第一次质检)A journey to Italy is set to become even more expensive.Last summer，the country introduced a proposal to raise the tourist tax.Currently，many Italian cities charge taxes of up to 5 euros for an overnight stay.The new plan introduces a tiered (阶梯式的) system：5 euros per night for economy rooms under 100 euros，10 euros for standard rooms priced between 100 and 400 euros，15 euros for high-end rooms ranging from 400 to 750 euros and 25 euros for luxury accommodations above 750 euros. Italy，with its rich cultural heritage and amazing coastlines，has always been a top spot for tourists.However，the increasing number of visitors is becoming overwhelming．According to the World Tourism Organization，Italy welcomed 57.2 million foreign tourists in 2023，which has led to several issued.Fortune Magazine reported loud noise，crowded spaces，important shops being replaced by souvenir stalls and rising rents driven by apartments being changed into short-term rentals (出租房). The suggested tax aims to tackle the challenges posed by overtourism.However，some tourists are opposed to the high tax.“Increasing the tax would be profiteering (牟取暴利).I would go elsewhere，to other countries that don't have such a tax，” Fabea Wiegand from Switzerland told Fortune Magazine. While introducing a tourist tax is a method used by many countries to manage tourist numbers，it is essential not to take it to extremes.The Economist emphasizes the crucial role policymakers play in determining the lever of tourism tax.It is important to set a tax that is affordable for most tourists.For instance，Venice charges a day pass of only 5 euros.Despite its small amount，this fee can contribute to enhancing local services such as waste management and heritage preservation，benefiting both residents and visitors. Even though high tax may prevent some tourists from going to certain destinations，tourism tax is “not a cause for despair” for countries，said The Economist.If tourists choose other destinations due to the tax，lesser-known areas could seize the chance to attract visitors.Meanwhile，popular destinations could adapt by promoting more affordable choices to tourists，striking a balance between locals' and visitors' needs and promoting sustainable tourism. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。意大利计划提高旅游税，采用阶梯式收费。该国因游客过多引发诸多问题，此举旨在应对过渡旅游。但部分游客表示反对，认为这是在牟取暴利。文章也指出应合理设置旅游税，以推动可持续旅游。 9．What does the underlined word “overwhelming” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Enormous. B．Powerful. C．Frightening. D．Confusing. 解析　词义猜测题。画线词在句中作表语，形容游客数量“the increasing number of visitors”。上文提到意大利有丰富的文化遗产和迷人的海岸线，一直是热门旅游地。画线词前的However一词表示转折，结合画线词后的内容描述可知，游客数量的增长带来了负面的情况。所以这里是说游客数量太多。enormous表示“巨大的，庞大的”，能够表达出游客数量过多的意思。故选A。 答案　A 10．Why did Italy consider introducing a higher tax? A．To keep visitors from visiting Italy. B．To increase the profits from tourism. C．To deal with problems caused by overtourism. D．To reduce unfair competition in the tourism industry. 解析　细节理解题。文章第三段明确提到“The suggested tax aims to tackle the challenges posed by overtourism”，这说明意大利考虑提高旅游税是为了解决过度旅游带来的问题，故选C。 选项是对文中“aims to tackle the challenges posed by overtourism”的同义转述。 答案　C 11．What was Fabea Wiegand's attitude toward raising the tourist tax? A．Objective. B．Disapproving. C．Sympathetic. D．Indifferent. 解析　观点态度题。文章第三段引用了 Fabea Wiegand 的话“Increasing the tax would be profiteering (牟取暴利).I would go elsewhere，to other countries that don't have such a tax”。由此可以看出，Fabea认为提高旅游税是在牟取暴利，并且表示自己会选择去没有这种税的其他国家。这表明其对提高旅游税是持反对态度的。故选B。 答案　B 12．What does The Economist think about the tourist tax? A．It may negatively affect local services. B．It will be harmful to sustainable tourism. C．It will reduce the inflow of foreign visitors. D．It may be beneficial to less popular destinations. 解析　推理判断题。文章最后一段提到 The Economist 的观点，其中“lesser-known areas could seize the chance to attract visitors”(不太知名的地区可以抓住机会吸引游客)说明了The Economist认为旅游税对于不那么受欢迎的地方来说是有好处的，故选D。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 economy adj.实惠的，经济的，廉价的 standard adj.普通的，正常的，标准的　 price v.给……定价钱　issue n.问题 drive v.迫使，逼得　tackle v.处理，对付(难题) pose v.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性 promote v.促进，推动；促销，推销；倡议，提倡 派生 词汇 essence n.本质，实质，要素→essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；基本的，根本的 sustain v.维持，保持→sustainable adj.可持续的→sustainability n.可持续性 核心 短语 be set to do sth很可能做某事 be opposed to sth反对某事物，不赞成某事物 take it to extremes走极端 strike a balance between A and B在A和B之间达到平衡，两者兼顾 专题微练12　词义猜测题——短语猜测类 [对应学生用书P158] A (2025·浙江名校协作体联考)Andrew Carnegie's life is a remarkable “rags to riches” story.Rising from extreme poverty in Scotland to become America's wealthiest man，Carnegie embraced every opportunity to improve himself.His willingness to move from job to job not only secured better wages but also provided him with a broad range of valuable experiences that shaped his future. One of his notable talents was remembering names and faces，a skill he acquired while working as a telegraph messenger in Pittsburgh.This ability enabled him to connect with influential business leaders，allowing him to establish a reputation as a hardworking and trustworthy individual.As he built these connections，his perseverance led him to a position in the Pennsylvania Railroad Company，where he quickly advanced to Superintendent of the Western Division，gaining essential management skills under the mentorship of Thomas A．Scott. A strong advocate for education，Carnegie also valued his friendships with literary figures and recognized the transformative power of knowledge.Inspired by these connections，he established free public libraries，believing they could uplift communities.In dedicating the latter part of his life to philanthropy (慈善活动)，Carnegie ensured that his wealth contributed to the public good，leaving a lasting legacy. Ultimately，Carnegie emphasizes the importance of perseverance，ambition，and striving for excellence.He believed that success is the reward for hard work and that everyone deserves recognition for their efforts.Moreover，he highlighted the significance of teamwork and effective leadership，encouraging individuals to delegate tasks and focus on their strengths for greater success. Through his journey，Carnegie saw motivation as the key to achieving one's goals.His humble beginnings fueled his ambition，serving as a constant reminder that our circumstances do not define our potential.With determination and a clear vision，we can overcome challenges and achieve greatness，just as Carnegie did in his extraordinary life. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Andrew Carnegie的生平并总结了他成功的经验。 1．What does the phrase “rags to riches” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．His transition from poverty to wealth. B．His increasing interest in fancy clothes. C．His experience from workers to leaders. D．His growing friendship with the wealthy. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句并结合画线短语所在句可知，rags to riches 指的是Carnegie从贫穷到富有的转变。故选A。 答案　A 2．What do we know about Andrew Carnegie from this passage? A．Carnegie thought leadership came from individual strengths. B．Carnegie believed intelligence alone was enough for success. C．Carnegie's memory for names helped him build relationships. D．Carnegie thought relationships were less important than skills. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，Carnegie对名字的记忆(能力)帮助他建立了人际关系。故选C。 答案　C 3．How did Carnegie contribute to society later in his life? A．He created free public libraries. B．He opened a chain of bookstores. C．He started a private school system. D．He established a university for the rich. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是第二句可知，Carnegie在晚年通过创建免费的公共图书馆来为社会做贡献。故选A。 答案　A 4．Which of the following words can best describe Andrew Carnegie? A．Patient and humble. B．Generous and diligent. C．Demanding and ambitious. D．Determined and adventurous. 解析　推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第二段第二句和第三段第二句定位句可推知，Carnegie是一个慷慨且勤奋的人。故选 B。 答案　B [二次精读] 核心 单词 remarkable adj.奇异的，非凡的 embrace v.欣然接受 perseverance n.毅力，坚持不懈 uplift v.使提升 派生 词汇 connect v.与……有联系→connection n.联系，关系→connected adj.有关联的→disconnect v.断开 核心 短语 strive for excellence追求卓越 难句 分析 As he built these connections，his perseverance led him to a position in the Pennsylvania Railroad Company，where he quickly advanced to Superintendent of the Western Division，gaining essential management skills under the mentorship of Thomas A．Scott. 分析：本句为主从复合句。句中as引导时间状语从句；where引导定语从句，gaining...Scott为现在分词短语作结果状语。 译文：当他逐渐建立了这些(人际)关系后，他的毅力使他入职宾夕法尼亚铁路公司。在那里，他迅速晋升为西部地区的主管，在Thomas A．Scott 的指导下他收获了必要的管理技能。 B (2025·贵阳摸底考试)My family had a room that we called the Library，but even back then I knew it was just our dining room with a few bookshelves around a small table.When I was a kid，I was told that all these books are precious things—they must never be folded，bent，or broken.Any dirty marks or notes on a book are banned and our reading should always be a clean activity since it's what separates us from the beasts.Preservation of all texts was the most important thing in the world. Years later，when I began reading everything I could in my early teens，I tiptoed into the Library one day and discovered，to my horror，that all the books were still extremely new.It was row after row，shelf after shelf.Something clicked and I knew I had found a horrible secret about my family：They had bought these books to be displayed like jewellery，rather than to be read. In that moment I knew that all those silly rules around reading and books were dead wrong and that there was nothing sadder in this world than an unused book—clean，without any trace of the reader at all. Now here's the secret：Good reading is messy reading.If I want the kind of novel that gets deep into my bones，the sort of non-fiction mystery that stays with me years after the fact，then I must bring sticky notes (便利贴) and let my books get scuffed (磨损) along the way.I should always walk away from a book with visible progress of my reading. After years of treating my books as if they ought to be preserved in a museum，I now believe that you should honour the books by breaking them.Read them all so messily! Truly read the books，anytime and anywhere，no matter how much we fold them，bend them，or tear them! Throw them into your backpack or leave them open by the side of your bed.Don't worry about stains or torn edges after years of reading.That is what a book is.That is what a book is for. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者孩童时被告知阅读应该永远是一个干净的活动，保存所有的文本是世界上最重要的事情。然而数年后，作者意识到好的阅读是杂乱的阅读。真正地阅读，不用担心经年累月的阅读会留下污渍或破损的边缘。 5．Where did the author's family store their books? A．In the study. B．In the dining room. C．In the bedroom. D．In the living room. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“My family had a room that we called the Library，but even back then I knew it was just our dining room with a few bookshelves around a small table.”可知，作者家有一间他们称之为图书馆的房间，但其实是作者家的餐厅，即作者家的书放在餐厅里。故选B。 答案　B 6．What does the author imply about his family's book collection? A．It was piled in a mess. B．It was mainly for decoration. C．It was large and various. D．It was kept for a good price. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“They had bought these books to be displayed like jewellery，rather than to be read”可知，作者发现自己家买这些书是为了像珠宝一样展示，而不是为了阅读。由此可推知，作者暗指自己家的书主要是用来装饰的。选项中的“decoration”是对原文“to be displayed like jewellery”的转换。故选B。 答案　B 7．What does the underlined part “Something clicked” mean? A．I clicked the mouse. B．I suddenly felt puzzled. C．Something made a sound. D．Something occurred to me. 解析　词义猜测题。画线部分前的“to my horror，that all the books were still extremely new”讲作者惊恐地发现，家中所有的书都还是全新的；画线部分后的“I knew I had found a horrible secret about my family...rather than to be read”讲作者知道自己发现了一个关于自己家人的可怕秘密，即他们买这些书是为了像珠宝一样展示，而不是为了阅读。由此可知，画线部分后的内容是作者突然的一个顿悟。故画线部分应表示作者突然明白，与D项的含义最为接近。occur to sb“(主意或想法突然)浮现于……脑中，被……想起，被……想到”。故选D。 答案　D 8．Which opinion may the author agree on? A．Good books are valuable jewellery. B．Books are the ladder of human progress. C．Read thousands of books regardless of their state. D．Protect books as they're the source of knowledge. 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段的“I now believe that you should honour the books by breaking them...Don't worry about stains or torn edges after years of reading”可知，作者认为人们应该通过破坏书籍来表示对书籍的尊重。真正地阅读书籍，无论人们如何折叠、弯曲或撕破它们，又或是把它们扔进背包，或把它们打开放在床边。不用担心经年累月的阅读会留下污渍或破损的边缘。由此可知，作者认为无论书籍的状态如何，人们都应该真正地阅读它们。故选C。 答案　C [二次精读] 核心 单词 preservation n.保存，保护；维护，保持，维持 tiptoe v.踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚地走 trace n.痕迹，遗迹，踪迹 messy adj.肮脏的，凌乱的，不整洁的 visible adj.看得见的，可见的 stain n.污点；污渍 熟词 生义 (1)dead 常用义：adj.死的，去世的　 文章义：adv.完全 (2)study常用义：v.& n.学习，研究　 文章义：n.书房，书斋 C (2025·深圳一模)Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities.It's usually seen as a good thing.But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs? For many years，Dr.Mark Leary，a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham，N.C.，has studied the role of people's beliefs in their behavior.He found overconfidence is very common，especially when it comes to what people believe to be true，and can lead us to disastrous decisions.In 1986，NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100，000.It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger.The good news is that there's a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence，and that's what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong. A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge.They ended up knowing more at the end of the day.But does it actually help you beyond that? To find out more，Dr.Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students.She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding.When they got test scores，they'd change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test. Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read，heard，or did.Such students thought they got a subject down pat，but when asked to explain it on a test，they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought. Although it might be good for you，researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard.Still，it's important to remember that questioning beliefs isn't always about replacing old ones with new ones.If you find it hard to question a belief，try taking “baby steps.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。本文论述了自信虽好，但过分自信可能导致不良后果，而智性谦逊能帮助人们认识到自己的观点可能有误，从而促进学习和成长。 9．Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger? A．To express his sorrow for the loss. B．To stress the high risk of space flights. C．To show the result of wrong operation. D．To give an example of overconfidence. 解析　写作意图题。通读第二段，尤其是根据本段中的“He found overconfidence is very common，especially when it comes to what people believe to be true，and can lead people to disastrous decisions.”可知，作者提到“挑战者号”爆炸是为了举例说明过分自信可能带来的严重后果，美国国家航空航天局对太空飞行风险的可能性的过度自信判断可能正是“挑战者号”爆炸的原因。故选D。 答案　D 10．What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter's research? A．It urged students to gain recognition. B．It encouraged students to take exams. C．It helped students to adjust learning methods. D．It motivated students to memorize knowledge. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She found that students with intellectual humility...When they got test scores，they'd change their study strategies to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.”可知，波特的研究发现，那些拥有智性谦逊特质的高中生更有可能检验自己的掌握程度，当他们得到测试分数后会调整自己的学习策略。因此，智性谦逊会激励学生调整学习方法。故选C。 答案　C 11．What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5? A．Fully mastered a subject. B．Put great effort into a subject. C．Really enjoyed a subject. D．Benefited a lot from a subject. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“but when asked to explain it on a test，they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought”可知，学生在考试中被要求解释某个学科的知识点时，他们发现自己并没有像他们认为的那样理解得那么透彻，也就是说，那些学生原以为自己完全掌握了某个学科，但实际并非如此。故画线短语的意思是“完全掌握某个学科”。故选A。 答案　A 12．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs? A．Why questioning our belief is hard. B．Why intellectual humility is helpful. C．How to become a confident person. D．How to practice intellectual humility. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是最后一句话可知，作者建议试着采取小幅度行动去质疑自己的观点，避免过分自信，由此可推测，接下来可能会讨论如何践行智性谦逊。故选D。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 overconfidence n.过分自信 intellectual adj.智力的　humility n.谦逊 potential adj.潜在的，可能的 strategy n.策略，战略 难句 分析 Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read，heard，or did. 分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：Students might sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask themselves.其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词students；if引导宾语从句，从句中what引导宾语从句。 译文：那些认为自己的知识不可能错误的学生可能只是顺利度过学习阶段，而不会停下来问问自己是否真正理解了所读、所听或所做的内容。 专题微练13　词句猜测题——代词猜测类 [对应学生用书P161] A (2025·山东潍坊阶段性调研监测)The joys of the night ride were the joys of feeling present in my body again.Cycling felt like a celebration of dynamic energy，of blood and bone.A reminder that my body was still healthy and functioning despite the two heart operations I had as a kid，which took me out of sports entirely.I remember the doctor's orders：no football，no physical education. They told me I was fragile (脆弱的)，and so I became fragile.I was in middle school then.It felt as if my body had been taken away from me.They put me in a combination swing-dance-and-painting-class instead.But the doctors never said no cycling，and for a brief moment in central Texas，biking became more popular than football，which saved my social life.I still believe that the speed，the wind and the blood in the ears on a silent street can do that to my body—bring it back to life once again. As time wore on，I developed an affection for the night ride.Below the whoosh (呼啸声) of the wind，I listened for my heart，then the rhythm of my tires over sidewalk.The pain of hard physical effort would pale，not to mention the wind buffeting my face.The rough road constantly told me that there was a road beneath my tires and the possibility of travel.The stress on both the body and the bike made real what I'd suspected all along：although removed from my family，my friends，my former life，I still existed in these streets. There was a frivolity (轻松感) to the night ride，too，a kind of frivolity I hadn't felt past years.I'd spent so much time sitting at a desk，sitting in bed，sitting on a sofa.My days were defined by constant anxiety and fear，and the world felt like a thing that happened to me，not something I could participate in.But during the night ride，I paid attention only to the moment.If I didn't，I'd hit the pothole (坑洼) in the road.So by necessity，I became present，and I felt present，which is to say everything started to feel fun again. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者因心脏手术无法参加体育活动，但后来通过夜骑使身体重新焕发活力，同时也找到了生活的意义所在。 1．What made the author have to choose the night ride? A．Doctors' advice. B．Poor health. C．Heavy schoolwork. D．Cycling's popularity. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A reminder that my body was still healthy and functioning...remember the doctors' advice：no football，no physical education.”可知，作者因小时候做过两次心脏手术而无法进行体育锻炼，但夜骑能够让作者知道自己的身体还是健康的；再结合第二段的“They put me...But the doctors never said no cycling”可知，一系列不感兴趣的课程让作者感到更不舒适，于是作者选择了骑行这一锻炼方式，而且医生对此并未禁止。由此可推知，作者选择夜骑是因为自己的身体状况不佳，于是想要选择一种运动来使自己的身体焕发活力。故选B。 答案　B 2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The author's energy got restored. B．The author's figure got reshaped. C．The author's body became flexible. D．The author's mind became strong. 解析　代词指代题。画线词前提到了speed，wind，blood 这三个与夜骑有关的元素，即说明“夜骑时作者会身处一条寂静的街道，骑行的速度、骑行时的风和作者体内血液的流动让作者的身体处于某种状态”；画线词后的破折号在此起到的作用为解释说明，破折号后的bring it back to life once again应是在解释破折号前的内容，且此处it指代破折号前的my body，故可推知，此处说明作者认为夜骑能够让自己的身体恢复活力。故选A。 答案　A 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The changes of the author's life. B．The difficulties in biking at night. C．The reasons for enjoying the night ride. D．The doubts about the author's social life. 解析　段落大意题。通读第三段，作者先表明自己对夜骑的热爱，而后具体说明了夜骑过程中自己的内心感受(聆听自己内心的声音和车轮轧过人行道时的节奏)，这让作者忘记了体育锻炼所带来的痛苦；之后又说明夜骑让作者明白了旅行的无限可能和活在当下的重要性。故可推知，作者在该段主要从身心等多方面解释了自己为什么喜欢夜骑。故选C。 答案　C 4．What does the author want to convey by mentioning the past in the last paragraph? A．Life is about going with the flow. B．The past is full of endless regrets. C．Living for the moment is necessary. D．Learning from the past is invaluable. 解析　写作意图题。通读最后一段，作者对比了过去的生活和开始夜骑后的状态变化。作者过去的生活充满了焦虑和恐惧，一直在消极被动地接受生活中发生的一切，而夜骑教会作者关注当下，感受现在，让作者重拾生活乐趣。故作者提到自己过去的生活状态，是为了与夜骑后的状态形成对比，强调活在当下的重要意义。故选C。 答案　C [二次精读] 核心 单词 dynamic adj.动力的；动态的；精力充沛的 　affection n.喜爱，钟爱 　rhythm n.节奏，韵律 pale v.变苍白；相形见绌 　buffet v.猛击，连续拍打　define v.给……下定义；以…… 为特征　pothole n.(路面的)坑洼，凹陷 派生 词汇 combine v.结合，联合 　combination n.结合体，组合 核心 短语 take sb out of sth使某人退出/无法参与某事 wear on (时间)慢慢流逝　not to mention(插入语) 更不用说 B (2025·福建厦门第二次质检)Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days — that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating.But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia (怀旧). Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world.For example，freshly fallen snow is porous (多孔的) enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter.And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight.One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months.“A lot of people really struggle with winter darkness as much as they struggle with the cold，” says Leibowitz，who has written a book about mental health in winter.“The brightening effect of the snow，I think，is really powerful.” Snow changes the very shape of the world people see around them，Leibowitz says，pointing to the way a fresh blanket of it hides and yet reveals the surroundings.“Things that you look at every day suddenly can appear very different，” she says. In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating.But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite：annoying，exhausting or depressing.Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so.“It's such a clear visual reminder that we're in a different season that perhaps it inspires people to respond more adaptively，” she says. But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain.“There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white，snowy winter...and a gray，rainy winter，” Leibowitz says.“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪给人们带来的独特感受、对人们情绪的不同作用以及降雪减少可能带来的损失。 5．What does the underlined word “one” refer to in paragraph 1? A．A reminder. B．A surprise. C．A day. D．A snowball. 解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句中的“when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating.”可知，此处指当原本以为是要在学校坐着度过的平常的一天，变成了打雪仗或滑雪橇的一天。由此可推知，one指代a day。故选C。 答案　C 6．How does snow change our experience of the world? A．By making musical sounds. B．By increasing the cold of winter. C．By exercising our sense of sight. D．By offering a new look of the world. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容尤其是第二段第一句可知，雪通过呈现世界的新面貌来改变我们对世界的体验。故选D。 答案　D 7．What is Leibowitz's suggestion to snow haters? A．Searching for visual cues. B．Ignoring negative emotions. C．Adjusting to seasonal changes. D．Cleaning unpleasant surroundings. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第三句可推知，Leibowitz建议讨厌雪的人要适应季节的变化。故选C。 答案　C 8．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Express concern for snow loss. B．Make predictions of climate change. C．Present reasons for increased rainfall. D．Summarize consequences of cold rain. 解析　写作意图题。 根据第五段第一句可知，气候变化的不断加剧会让一些多雪地区不再降雪，只能迎来冷雨。结合第五段最后一句“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow.”可推知，作者想表达自己对失去雪的担忧。故选 A。 答案　A [二次精读] 核心 单词 literally adv.确实地 　reflect v.反射(光、热、声等)　fascinating adj.迷人的 核心 短语 appeal to吸引　point to 提及，指出 　nothing but 只有 C (2025·陕西高考适应性检测)For thousands of years，people around the world have told myths about the Moon and how it came into being.Now，new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago. Many scientists believe that the Moon formed after a planet the size of Mars，called Theia，collided (碰撞) with the Earth. This caused magma to blast out into space.The magma cooled into solid rocks that started orbiting the Earth in rings，like Saturn has.Gradually，those rocks clumped (聚集) together to form the Moon. Scientists worked out how old the Moon is by studying rocks gathered from the surface in 1972—the last time humans set foot on the Moon.Astronauts collected the samples using a lunar rake，dragging it through the dust on the surface to collect rocks that were between one and three centimetres wide.The samples contained zircon crystals，a type of mineral that would have formed after the Earth and Theia collided and the magma cooled down.Scientists have studied the samples before but a new scanning technique，called“atom probe tomography”，helped them to study the crystals in more detail and calculate the Moon's age more accurately. The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather.Life on the Earth was only possible after the Moon had formed，so scientists want to learn more about when it happened.Professor Philipp Heck，who worked on the study，said，“It's a part of our natural system that we want to better understand.” Before NASA landed astronauts on the Moo in the 1960s and 1970s，there were other theories about how the Moon formed.One suggested that the Moon was floating through space and was captured by the Earth's gravity.Another said that the Earth started spinning so quickly that some bits of it broke off and went into orbit. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明月球比科学家认为的要老4000万年，最新的数据表明它大约在44.6亿年前形成。 9．What's the purpose of the research? A．To know more about the Earth. B．To find out how the Moon formed. C．To work out how the astronauts landed on the Moon. D．To study the rocks gathered from the surface of the Moon. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago”可知，新的研究主要研究月球是如何形成的，故选B。 答案　B 10．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The collision. B．Theia. C．The Earth. D．The size of Mars. 解析　词义猜测题。画线词的前一句讲许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的；再结合画线词所在句的“caused magma to blast out into space”可知，这导致岩浆喷射到太空中。由此可推知，This指代前一句中的碰撞，故选A。 答案　A 11．What is the latest belief of the Moon's formation? A．It is the result of collision of two planets. B．It was dragged to its location by the Earth's gravity. C.It was shaped by the bits which broke off the Earth. D．It crashed into space by accident. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Many scientists believe that the Moon formed after a planet the size of Mars，called Theia，collided (碰撞) with the Earth.”可知，许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的，故选A。 答案　A 12．What are the major effects the Moon has on the Earth? A．Daytime and directions. B．Weather and geography. C．Seasons and tides. D．Weights and lives. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather”可知，月球很重要，因为它影响着地球上的事物，比如潮汐、季节和天气，故选C。 答案　C [二次精读] 核心 单词 myth n.神话，神话故事；虚构的东西，荒诞的说法，不真实的事　reveal v.揭示，显示，透露；展示　orbit v.沿轨道运行，围绕……运动 n.(天体等运行的)轨道　sample n.样本v.抽样检验，取样，采样　drag v.(使劲而吃力地)拖，拉，拽，扯　mineral n.矿物，矿产；(某些食物中的)矿物质　calculate v.计算，核算；预测　land v.(使)着陆，降落，靠岸，登陆　float v.浮动，漂流，飘动，飘移　capture v.俘获；攻占；夺得；(用图画、文章、电影等准确地)表达，刻画，描述　gravity n.重力，引力　spin v.(使)快速旋转 派生 词汇 accurate adj.精确的；正确无误的→accurately adv.正确无误地，准确地→accuracy n.精确，准确；准确性，精确度 核心 短语 come into being形成，开始存在　work out计算出(答案、数量、价格等)；(问题)逐渐解决；锻炼，健身　set foot on sth进入，访问，参观(某地)　in more detail更详细地　break off断开，断裂 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $