专题1 第2讲 推理判断题——于文有据不妄断(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

专题集训 专题微练4　推理判断题——隐含推断类 [对应学生用书P134] A (2025·东北三省三校联考)When Kari Leibowitz first arrived in the Norwegian city of Tromsø，she was both attracted by，and fearful of，the approaching winter.About two hundred miles north of the Arctic Circle，the city does not see the sun from mid-November to mid-January，a far cry from Stanford，California，where she had been studying before travelling to Norway. In many countries，the short days of winter are thought to cause low mood，yet Tromsø's residents do not show the similar wintertime depression.As a psychologist，Leibowitz was curious about the ways they lived with the long “polar night”． Previous research shows that people who see stressful events as “challenges”，with an opportunity to learn and adapt，tend to cope much better than those who focus more on the threatening aspects—like the possibility of failure or embarrassment.To test whether a different outlook could also explain the resilience (适应力) of Tromsø's residents，Leibowitz designed the “wintertime mindset scale”，asking participants to rate how much they agreed or disagreed with statements about winter such as “I love the coziness of winter.” and “Winter is boring.” She found that participants' answers predicted their well-being over the coming months：the more they saw the winter as an exciting opportunity to enjoy an icy climate，the higher levels of overall mental health they have.Besides，Leibowitz found that these attitudes actually increase with latitude(纬度)—the positive mindset is most common where it's most needed. Indeed，many of Leibowitz's friends embraced the possibility of skiing in the mountains，or having a warm drink in the candlelight.“There is this interaction between the culture you're part of and the mindset growing out of it，” says Joar Vittersø，Leibowitz's colleague at the Arctic University of Tromsø. Soon，Leibowitz found her own mindset shift：She learned to love long walks with a headlamp guiding her path，and came to appreciate the “soft，peaceful” appearance of the city in the darkness.“Most people just hate the winter and feel like there's nothing they can do about it...But once you put it in people's heads that they have control over their mindset，that's when something powerful happens，” says Leibowitz. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了莱博维茨为了测试不同的生活态度是否也能解释特罗姆瑟居民的适应力，设计了“冬季心态量表”，发现心态越积极，生活满意度越高。 1．What do we know about the residents of Tromsø？ A．They are longing for the coming winter. B．They see winter as an opportunity to work out. C．They are likely to become depressed in winter. D．They are seldom influenced by winter stress. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In many countries，the short days of winter are thought to cause a low mood，yet Tromsø's residents do not show the similar wintertime depression.”可知，在很多国家，冬季昼短会导致人们情绪低落，但特罗姆瑟的居民却没有类似的冬季抑郁情况，即他们很少受到冬季压力的影响。故选D。 答案　D 2．Why did Leibowitz carry out her research? A．To prove wintertime depression as a challenge. B．To suggest the ways to deal with the hard winter. C．To find out whether the previous theory applies to Tromsø. D．To help the local inhabitants get through the long polar night. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Previous research shows...To test whether a different outlook could also explain the resilience of Tromsø's residents”可知，莱博维茨进行研究是为了验证之前的理论是否适用于特罗姆瑟的居民。故选C。 答案　C 3．What can we conclude from Leibowitz's findings? A．A positive mindset may indicate a high life satisfaction in winter. B．Winter offers people a better opportunity to interact with friends. C．People in high latitude are less optimistic when facing long dark nights. D．Tromsø's residents are negatively influenced by the environment. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“She found that participants' answers predicted their well-being over the coming months：The more they saw the winter as an exciting opportunity to enjoy an icy climate，the higher levels of overall mental health they have.”可知，参与者越是把冬天看作是一个享受冰冷气候的令人兴奋的机会，他们的整体心理健康水平就越高，说明积极的心态可能表明在冬天有较高的生活满意度。故选A。 答案　A 4．Which of the following will Leibowitz most probably agree with? A．People hate winter because they can do nothing. B．Long walks help to change people's mindset. C．Awareness of control over mindset makes a difference. D．It's of great fun to ski in the winter mountains. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But once you put it in people's heads that they have control over their mindset，that's when something powerful happens”可知，莱博维茨认为一旦人们意识到他们可以控制自己的心态，就会有强大的事情发生，说明莱博维茨认为意识到自己能控制心态会产生一定影响。故选C。 答案　C [二次精读] 核心 单词 psychologist n.心理学家　threatening adj.威胁的　mindset n.思维倾向　coziness n.舒适 well-being n.幸福　embrace v.欣然接受 核心 短语 a far cry from与……大不相同　put it in people's heads that...让人们意识到…… 难句 分析 Previous research shows that people who see stressful events as “challenges”，with an opportunity to learn and adapt，tend to cope much better than those who focus more on the threatening aspects — like the possibility of failure or embarrassment. 分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：Previous research shows that...；句中that引导宾语从句，从句中第一个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；第二个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。 译文：以前的研究表明，那些把压力事件看作是“挑战”并有着学习和适应的机会的人往往比那些更关注威胁方面(如失败或尴尬的可能性)的人有更好的应对能力。 B (2024·贵州贵阳期末)It's not often that I am able to recommend a book for children and adults，but Kira and a dog named Money is definitely a good and important read for both you and your parents.Kira and a dog named Money，by German financial coach Bodo Schäfer，is the first book about money written for children.It was published in 2000 and has sold millions of copies around the world. The book is about a 12-year-old girl called Kira，who doesn't get a lot of pocket money，but wastes all she has buying dolls and other childish things.Her parents are always short of money，and have many arguments about it.So finances are not something Kira likes talking about.But one day，she rescues a dog，and to show his thanks，the dog，a Labrador，tells Kira that he is able to talk.Strangely，he knows all about finances and understands things like funds and investments (投资)，so he teaches Kira，her friends and family—and us，the reader—how to make money，how to save it and how to invest it. So what is the financial advice that the dog Money gives to readers of the book? Money says that every time you earn money，you should divide it into three parts.You should keep one part for everyday spending，put one part in your savings accounts for your future dreams and then treat the third part as a “golden goose”— an investment. This is a must-read，and a great educational book for children learning to manage their pocket money. [语篇解读]　本文体裁为说明文。文章介绍了《Kira and a dog named Money》这本书的相关信息，包括作者、出版时间、内容概要、书中角色以及给出的理财建议，最后还表达了这本书对于儿童学习管理零花钱的重要性和推荐度。 5．What do we know about the book from the first paragraph? A．Its author is a child. B．It was published 30 years ago. C．It is very popular worldwide. D．It focuses on teaching Germany. 解析　推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“It was published in 2000 and has sold millions of copies around the world.(这本书于2000年出版，在全球销售了数百万册。)”可知，这本书自2000年出版以来，在全球已售出数百万册，非常受欢迎。故选C。 答案　C 6．How did Kira get the dog Money? A．She bought it. B．She saved it by accident. C．Her parents gave it to her. D．She used her dolls to exchange it with others. 解析　细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“But one day，she rescues a dog，and to show his thanks，the dog，a Labrador，tells Kira that he is able to talk.(但是有一天，她救了一只狗，为了表示感谢，这只拉布拉多犬告诉基拉他会说话。)”可知，基拉是偶然救了这只狗。故选B。 答案　B 7．Which sentence best expresses the dog Money's financial advice to readers? A．Spend your money wisely. B．Raise geese to make a living. C．Save money as much as possible. D．Don't put all the eggs in the same basket. 解析　推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“So what is the financial advice that the dog Money gives to readers of the book? Money says that every time you earn money，you should divide it into three parts.(那么，这只名叫Money的狗给读者的理财建议是什么呢？Money说，每次你赚到钱，你应该把它分成三部分。)”可知，狗狗Money给读者的理财建议是每次赚到钱时，将其分为三部分来管理，这与选项“不要把所有的鸡蛋放在同一个篮子里。”表达的分散投资、不把资金集中在一处的理财观念相符。故选D。 答案　D 8．What is the text? A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A children's story. D．A financial report. 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“It's not often that I am able to recommend a book for children and adults，but Kira and a dog named Money is definitely a good and important read for both you and your parents.Kira and a dog named Money，by German financial coach Bodo Schäfer，is the first book about money written for children.It was published in 2000 and has sold millions of copies around the world.(我很少有机会为儿童和成人推荐一本书，但《Kira and a dog named Money 》绝对是一本对你和你的父母都很重要的好书。Kira和一只名叫Money的狗，由德国金融教练Bodo Schäfer撰写，是第一本为儿童写的关于金钱的书。这本书于2000年出版，在全球销售了数百万册。)”可知，文章介绍了《Kira and a dog named Money 》这本书的主要内容、作者信息以及书中提供的理财建议，因此这是一篇书评。故选B。 答案　B 核心 单词 finance v.给……提供资金 n.资金； 财政； 财力 invest v.投资； 投入(时间/精力等) account n.帐户；说明 核心 短语 be short of缺； 缺少； 缺乏 every time每次； 每当 语块 积累 German financial coach德国金融教练 pocket money零用钱 长难 句分 析 This is a must-read，and a great educational book for children learning to manage their pocket money. 分析：这是一个简单句，句子主干是This is a must-read，and a great educational book for children，后面的现在分词短语learning to manage their pocket money作children的定语。 译文：这是一本必读的书，也是一本很棒的教育书，适合学习管理零花钱的孩子。 C (2025·安徽省A10联盟联考) If you enjoy imagining yourself dancing in the rain or standing at the front of a cruise ship，you might be experiencing what's called “main character syndrome.” In psychology，“narrative identity” refers to how people view themselves in the stories of their lives.While it was traditionally believed that most people see themselves as the main character，many might instead consider themselves as minor or side characters in a larger narrative. The researchers designed two experiments to examine how narrative identity influences the satisfaction of basic psychological needs.In the first experiment，385 undergraduate students rated their self-perception (自我认知) as either major or minor characters.The second experiment involved 298 participants who described their goals and motivations，followed by writing a story where they assumed themselves as the lead. The test revealed that participants who perceived themselves as a major character experienced significantly increased levels of need satisfaction and well-being.In contrast，those who see themselves as minor characters are more likely to feel frustrated in getting these needs satisfied.Those with higher major character perceptions tended to set goals that closely reflect their values and showed higher levels of self-motivation. In a running TV show，a social media user says：“I started living my life so every day was part of the plot.When you live your life like the ‘main character’，everything bad that happens completely changes and it goes ‘well of course，this is just for the plot？’” Likewise，since 2019 the phrase “romanticise your life” has been a frequent call for people to act more like the main character of their own personal TV show.And while these ideas might lack scientific backing，they do mirror the researchers' core finding that major character perception is linked to an increased agency. The researchers point out that when people see themselves as being the agentic force in their own lives，making decisions independently like main characters，rather than being influenced by external factors or others，they become more unified and function more effectively. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了将自己视为生活的主角有利于心理健康和提高幸福感指数。 9．What is the concept of “narrative identity” primarily concerned with? A．The impact of culture on identity. B．The psychological effects of major life events. C．The influence of social media on self-perception. D．The functions people serve in their personal life journeys. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“In psychology，‘narrative identity’refers to how people view themselves in the stories of their lives.”可知，在心理学中，“叙事认同”是指人们如何在自己的人生故事中看待自己，也就是人们在自己的人生旅程中所扮演的角色，D项中的in their personal life journeys与原文中的 in the stories of their lives为同义表达。故选D。 答案　D 10．What did the undergraduate students involved in the first experiment measure? A．Their academic performance. B．Their emotional responses to storytelling. C．Their overall happiness as major characters. D．Their self-image as leading or supporting characters. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“In the first experiment，385 undergraduate students rated their self-perception as either major or minor characters.”以及本段首句中的研究目的 “examine how narrative identity influences the satisfaction of basic psychological needs”可知，在第一项实验中，385名本科生通过评价自己为主要角色还是次要角色的方式，以帮助研究人员了解对角色的感知如何影响人们对心理需求的满足程度。D项中的 self-image与原文中的self-perception为近义表达，意为“自我形象”。故选D。 答案　D 11．What can be inferred about people who see themselves as minor characters? A．They are likely to have higher self-expectations. B．They tend to feel more satisfied with their lives. C．They may struggle to meet their psychological needs. D．They often have a better understanding of their life goals. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“In contrast，those who see themselves as minor characters are more likely to feel frustrated in getting these needs satisfied.”可知，研究结果表明，将自己视为次要角色的人在满足这些需求的过程中更有可能会感到沮丧，这意味着他们可能难以满足自己的心理需求。故选C。 答案　C 12．Why does the author mention the example of the social media user? A．To further support the researchers' finding. B．To highlight a popular trend on social media. C．To compare traditional media with new media. D．To explain the impact of media consumption on mental health. 解析　写作意图题。根据倒数第二段中的“while these ideas might lack scientific backing，they do mirror the researchers' core finding that major character perception is linked to an increased agency”可知，“像主角一样生活”“像主角一样行事”的观点反映了研究人员的核心发现，即主角认知与意志力增强有关，社交媒体用户的这些表述进一步印证了研究人员关于主角认知带来积极影响的发现。故选A。 答案　A [二次精读] 核心 单词 narrative n.叙事；叙述 　rate v.评估；评价 frustrated adj.沮丧的；失意的 backing n.支持；帮助　external adj.外部的 unified adj.一致的，统一的　 function v.起作用；行使职责；发挥功能 拓展 单词 perceive v.将……理解为；将……视为；认为→perception n.感知；看法 熟词 生义 lead常用义：v.带路；领路；引领　文章义：n.(戏剧、电影等中的)主角 mirror 常用义：n.镜子　文章义：v.反映 agency 常用义：n.机构；代理　文章义：n.动力，作用 核心 短语 side characters配角　in contrast相反 长难 句分析 The second experiment involved 298 participants who described their goals and motivations，followed by writing a story where they assumed themselves as the lead.(Para 3) 分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：The second experiment involved 298 participants；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词participants；followed by...the lead为过去分词短语作状语，其中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a story。 译文：第二个实验有298 名参与者参与，他们描述了自己的目标和动机，然后写了故事，并假定自己是故事的主角。 专题微练5　推理判断题——写作意图类 [对应学生用书P137] A (2025·湖北三地市质检)I switched to a flip phone (翻盖手机).It vastly improved my life.I felt empty and frustrated at how much time I spent on my smartphone.So I spent the last five years steadily stripping my phone down to the basics.Social media was the first to go，then email，then news apps，and then even the Internet browsers. I long considered switching to a flip phone，but I always found an excuse to stay.Ultimately it was two of my students，15-and 18-year-old sisters，who pushed me over the edge.Word spread around school that they had bought flip phones.If they were brave enough to take the plunge，I could，too.I spent $9 on a flip phone，plus $120 for a year of unlimited talk and text on a new number.For the last five months，I haven't carried a smartphone with me，just my flip phone. This is the charming，romantic side of owning a flip phone：more conversations，more eye contact，more connection.The separation between work and life is much more noticeable.I don't overthink work emails all day，since I no longer carry my work email in my pocket.I am living more like my creative，curious，phone-free children. This all sounds wonderful because it is wonderful.And now it's confession time：I still have my smartphone.As it turns out，our addiction to smartphones is not just on an individual level.Intentionally or not，we have built structures that depend upon smartphone access，making it an essential feature of modern life.While most of the flip phone inconveniences are charming，some of them are so frustrating that they make you want to pull your hair out. Despite that，I will continue to use a flip phone as my primary phone so I don't have to carry a smartphone with me.And I will continue to evangelize for it.I hope many others get flip phones.We will all be better for it.If nothing else，it'll be nice to have more people to talk to in the grocery line. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者改用翻盖手机，生活得到极大改善。作者描述了改用翻盖手机的原因、好处以及与智能手机相比，使用翻盖手机的不便，并总结将继续使用翻盖手机作为自己的主要手机，还建议更多人能使用翻盖手机。 1．What drove the author to switch to a flip phone? A．Disturbance of social media. B．Overspent time on his smartphone. C．Inspiration from his students. D．Negative feelings to smartphones. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ultimately it was two of my students...I could，too.”可知，最后作者的两个学生推动作者下定决心，有消息说她们买了翻盖手机，如果她们足够勇敢决定冒险一试，作者也能。故选C。 答案　C 2．What happened after the author used a flip phone? A．He got less work assignments. B．He had more interaction with people. C．He spent more time with his children. D．He lived a more romantic life. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is the charming，romantic side of owning a flip phone：more conversations，more eye contact，more connection.”可知，使用翻盖手机的好处是有更多谈话、更多眼神交流和更多的联系。由此可知，使用翻盖手机后，作者与人们有了更多的交流，故选B。 答案　B 3．Why is it difficult to stop using smartphones completely nowadays? A．They serve as a vital tool. B．They make people overthink. C．They represent the modern life. D．They bring people much profit. 解析　推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“Intentionally or not，we have built structures that depend upon smartphone access，making it an essential feature of modern life.”可知，无论有意与否，人们已经建立了依赖智能手机访问的结构，使其成为现代生活的基本特征，即在现代社会，智能手机是人们生活中必不可少的一部分，是一个极其重要的工具。故选A。 答案　A 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A．To advise readers to use a flip phone. B．To advocate living without a smartphone. C．To inform readers of a flip phone's advantages. D．To stress the disadvantages of having a smartphone. 解析　写作意图题。综合全文，尤其是最后一段的“I will continue to evangelize for it.I hope many others get flip phones.”可知，作者改用翻盖手机，生活得到极大改善。虽然翻盖手机有诸多不便，但作者会继续使用翻盖手机作为自己的主要手机，并将继续为它宣传，作者希望更多人能使用翻盖手机。由此可知，作者写作本文的目的是建议读者使用翻盖手机，故选A。 答案　A [二次精读] 核心 单词 vastly adv.非常，很　steadily adv.稳步地，稳定地；沉稳地，镇定地　strip v.除去，剥去；脱光衣服 n.(纸、金属、织物等)条，带；(陆地、海域等)狭长地带　charming adj.迷人的，有魅力的，有吸引力的　overthink v.过度思虑，考虑时间过长　essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的；最基本的，本质的 派生 词汇 frustrate v.使懊丧，使懊恼，使沮丧；挫败→frustrated adj.懊丧的，懊恼的，沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人懊丧的，令人沮丧的→frustration n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧；挫败 notice v.看(或听)到，注意到n.注意；通告，通知；公告牌→noticeable adj.容易注意到的，明显的，显著的 addict n.对……着迷的人；瘾君子→addiction n.入迷，嗜好→addictive adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的→addicted adj.对……着迷的，沉迷的；成瘾的，上瘾的 intend v.打算，计划，想要→intention n.打算，计划，意图，目的→intentional adj.故意的，蓄意的→intentionally adv.故意地 convenient adj.实用的，方便的；附近的，近便的→inconvenient adj.带来麻烦的，不方便的→convenience n.方便，适宜，便利→inconvenience n.麻烦事，不便之处；麻烦 熟词 生义 (1)empty 常用义：adj.空的 文章义：adj.空虚的，无意义的 (2)word常用义：n.单词，字 文章义：n.信息，消息 核心 短语 push sb over the edge推动，促使(达到某程度或状态)　take the plunge(尤指经过长时间思考之后)决定奋力一搏，决定冒险一试　eye contact对视，目光接触　pull your hair out(尤因不知怎么办而)极其绝望，(因焦急、愤怒而)撕扯自己的头发 B (2025·广州调研)Arm wrestling (掰手腕) was one of my favorite ways of playing with my brothers growing up.It allowed my younger brother and me to test our strength without getting tackled.I also put up a good fight when arm wresting with my older brother and his friends.Their greater strength and experience made the challenge even more interesting.Every match seemed to end in a good laugh，no matter who won. Now I'm a scientist who studies animals in the wild.I have seen that playing is a great way to socialize; there is so much more to play than fun and games.When humans and other animals play，they are building trust with siblings and friends.They learn how far they can push their partners before anyone becomes angry or physically hurt.That's called “testing boundaries.” Older playmates may self-handicap，appearing to be less competent than they really are to help younger players learn skills and explore their abilities.Play offers a safe space，where everyone knows the rules and can experiment with new ways to move，think，and respond to others. Over the past 30 years，I've learned a lot about play by watching young male elephants test their strength through sparring (拳击) games with their friends and superiors.Group sparring matches are common at sunset，when several different elephant families show up at the water hole to drink. After the initial excitement of the arrival and a good long drink，young males slip away from the sides of their watchful moms and aunts to form sparring rings.An elder sister makes sure that the playing doesn't get out of hand，so she is ever present with a trunk on the back or over the head to calm the enthusiasm.That way，the younger males don't end up on the bottom of the pile. Watching young elephants spar reminds me that play should be part of our everyday schedule—the less structure，the better. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文以童年掰手腕经历引入，阐述玩耍对社交的重要性，接着通过观察大象之间的搏斗，强调玩耍应融入日常，且形式不需要过于拘束。 5．What does the author want to say by mentioning his/her childhood experience? A．Winning is not the true meaning of play. B．Children prefer to play traditional games. C．Play is essential in children's development. D．Arm wrestling is a safe way to test strength. 解析　写作意图题。作者在文章开头讲述童年掰手腕的经历后，第二段开始就提到“Now I'm a scientist who studies animals in the wild.I have seen that playing is a great way to socialize...”，将话题从童年的玩耍过渡到玩耍的重要性，进而阐述玩耍在发展社交技能等方面的作用，如建立信任、测试边界等。由此可以看出作者通过讲述童年玩耍经历，想要引出玩耍对儿童发展的重要性这一观点。故选C。 答案　C 6．What benefit of play does the author emphasize? A．It brings fun. B．It enables boundary breaking. C．It settles conflicts. D．It develops socializing skills. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I have seen that playing is a great way to socialize...When humans and other animals play，they are building trust with siblings and friends.”可知，玩耍是一种很好的社交方式，玩耍不仅是为了乐趣，更是建立与兄弟姐妹和朋友之间信任的方式，强调了玩耍对培养社交技能的关键作用。D项中的socializing与原文的socialize 呼应。故选D。 答案　D 7．How do older playmates help the younger to learn during playtime? A．By pretending to be weaker. B．By warning them of risks. C．By testing their competence. D．By teaching necessary skills. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Older playmates may self-handicap，appearing to be less competent than they really are to help younger players learn skills and explore their abilities.”可知，年长的玩伴会表现得比实际能力弱，以帮助年幼的玩伴学习技能、挖掘潜能。故选A。 答案　A 8．How would the author describe the elephant's sparring games? A．Safe and fair. B．Not strictly controlled. C．Well-organized. D．Highly competitive. 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“...young males slip away from the sides of their watchful moms and aunts to form sparring rings.An elder sister makes sure that the playing doesn't get out of hand”可知，在大象的搏斗游戏中，会有一个年长的雌象在场以防止局面失控，但这并没有体现有严格的规则和秩序。再结合最后一段内容可知，观看大象之间的搏斗使作者想起日常生活模式，意识到规则越少就越好。由此可知，作者认为大象之间的搏斗游戏并没有受到严格的规则控制。故选B。 答案　B [二次精读] 核心 单词 tackle v.擒抱、扑倒　socialize v.社交、交往 siblings n.兄弟姐妹　self-handicap v.自我设限、故意示弱　competent adj.有能力的、胜任的　superior n.上级、年长者 　initial adj.最初的、开始的　watchful adj.警惕的、注意的　schedule n.日程、计划表　structure n.结构、安排 派生 词汇 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n.热情、狂热 核心 短语 put up a good fight奋力对抗　slip away 溜走、悄悄离开 C (2025·浙江名校协作体联考)Imagine you're purchasing a lottery ticket，and your heart races as you check the numbers.To your amazement，you've matched five out of six! What will you do next? Will you buy another ticket? For most people，the answer is a big “Yes”． When we come close to achieving a goal，we often gain a powerful energy that can drive us toward future success.Monica Wadhwa，a marketing professor at Temple University，suggests that not winning can actually motivate us more than winning itself. In her studies，Wadhwa conducted various experiments to test this concept.In one experiment，participants played a cellphone game with the task of revealing eight diamonds.After the game，those who nearly won — by getting seven diamonds — walked faster to claim their reward than both winners and losers.“Their motivation is getting intensified (加强)，but then they miss it ...So what happens to this motivation? It hooks on，giving you the energy for the next goal that you have.” Wadhwa explains，“As for the winners，they inch toward their goal，they achieve it，and their motivation is satisfied，which leaves them with no need to fight for anything else.” However，this fire in your belly should be used wisely.Such motivation can push you toward significant goals，or be wasted on distractions.In another experiment at a fashion-accessory store where shoppers were given scratch-off lottery tickets，the near-winners shopped more and spent more than both winners and losers. To harness (利用) this energy，Wadhwa advises setting goals that are slightly beyond our reach.She encourages managers to establish challenging yet achievable targets for their teams.Additionally，she recommends that parents highlight how close their children came to winning when they experience losses，fostering resilience and motivation.By understanding the unique power of nearly winning，we can turn setbacks into stepping stones for future success.As Wadhwa puts it.“Winners really do not take it all.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“接近成功”对人们动机的影响，并展现了如何将这种“接近成功”的能量转化为实现未来成功的动力。 9．What's the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To stress the importance of winning. B．To display harmful effects of the lottery. C．To explain the rules of playing the lottery. D．To illustrate the excitement of nearly winning. 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段通过描述购买彩票时的情景，引出了“接近成功”带来的兴奋和动力。这种兴奋感驱使人们继续尝试，最后真的成功。由此可推知，第一段的目的是说明“接近成功”带来的兴奋(感)。故选 D。 答案　D 10．According to Wadhwa' what motivated the near-winners to act faster? A．The eagerness to win another game. B．The unmet ambitions for winning games. C．The dissatisfaction of not achieving goals. D．The need for immediate recognition or rewards. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容尤其是第四至六句可推知，根据 Wadhwa的说法，是未实现的获胜雄心让那些差点赢的人去更快行动。故选 B。 答案　B 11．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A．Feeling energized does not always ensure success. B．You should not let your emotions guide your actions. C．Motivation can lead to unwise choices if not controlled. D．Having strong ambitions always leads to acting carelessly. 解析　句意理解题。根据第四段第二句并结合画线句可推知，画线句应表示如果动机不受控制，它可能导致你做出不明智的选择。故选C。 答案　C 12．Which statement might Wadhwa agree most? A．Parents should take their children's losses seriously. B．Managers should assign more tasks to star performers. C．Encouraging children to fight for perfection is essential. D．Setting slightly challenging goals can enhance motivation. 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可推知，D项“设定稍微具有挑战性的目标可以加强动机”最符合 Wadhwa的观点。故选 D。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心单词 foster v.培养，促进resilience n.适应力，还原能力 setback n.挫折，阻碍 熟词生义 inch常用义：n.英寸　文章义：v.(使朝某方向)谨慎移动 专题微练6　推理判断题——观点态度类 [对应学生用书P140] A (2025·南充一诊)We've all been there：lying in bed wide awake and desperately wondering how to get to dreamland.While having trouble drifting off to sleep isn't unusual，it still can be frustrating.Fortunately sleep experts are gaining an increasingly strong understanding of what's happening in the brain during the process. Falling asleep is a big shift for your brain.This switch is governed in part by environmental cues，such as light or temperature.A hot summer night or a bright streetlamp beside the window can interfere (干扰).The process of nodding off can also be affected by your emotions. “You need to feel both physically and psychologically safe to sleep，”says Roxanne Prichard，a neuroscientist at the University of St.Thomas，Minnesota.“If you are sleeping next to someone you don't trust，if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing，it's going to be hard to fall asleep.” One of the recommendations to address insomnia is getting out of bed and sitting somewhere quietly with dull light and just relaxing，doing something boring.You could use the time to read，listen to calming music，or do breathing exercises—anything that slows and comforts your body and mind.But avoid snacking，exercise and screens. It's also important to resist the urge to concentrate on your worries，especially in the middle of the night.Not only will those thoughts keep you awake，you also probably won't make much progress on what's keeping you up because your prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质)，a part of the brain that is good at planning and analysis，doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night. Keep it in mind that even if your night's rest is incomplete，avoid the urge to make up for it by sleeping in or napping the next day.“If you nap during the day，especially longer naps，then your brain gets few signals of sleep and will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，” says Prichard.If losing sleep interferes with your ability to function during the day，which could indicate something physiological is at play，seeing a doctor would be necessary. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及改善睡眠的建议。 1．Which of the following is most likely to cause trouble in sleep? A．A slow soft tune. B．A dull streetlamp. C．A cool summer night. D．A two-day-old baby. 解析　推理判断题。第三段提到“if you're worried that the newborn that you're caring for might stop breathing，it's going to be hard to fall asleep”，即如果你担心你照顾的新生儿可能会停止呼吸，那么入睡将会很困难，由此可推知，身边有一个两天大的婴儿最可能导致睡眠问题。故选D。 答案　D 2．Why is it hard to make much progress on the concerns in the middle of the night? A．The resistance may make people worried. B．The brain can't plan and analyze problems. C．The prefrontal cortex works less efficiently. D．The problems may keep people awake. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“you also probably won't make much progress...doesn't function well for the poor blood supply at night”可知，在让你夜不能寐的问题上，你很可能也无法取得太多进展，因为你的前额叶皮质在夜间血液供应不足时无法很好地运行，它是大脑中的一个擅长规划和分析的部位，故选C。选项中的“works less efficiently”是对文中的“doesn't function well”的同义转换。 答案　C 3．What's Prichard's attitude towards naps in the day for night's incomplete rest? A．Opposed. B．Ambiguous. C．Supportive. D．Neutral. 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘If you nap during the day...will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime，’says Prichard.”可知，如果白天小睡，尤其是长时间小睡，那么大脑得到的睡眠信号就会很少，该睡觉时就更不可能迅速入睡，即白天打盹可能造成晚上入睡困难。由此可判断，Prichard对于因夜晚休息不好而在白天打盹是不支持的态度。故选A。 答案　A 4．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To highlight the negative effects of sleep loss. B．To illustrate the process of falling asleep in the brain. C．To explain the causes of poor sleep and offer solutions. D．To discuss the importance of a good sleep environment. 解析　写作意图题。文章主要介绍了影响睡眠的因素以及处理失眠的建议。因此，文章的目的是“解释睡眠不佳的原因并提供解决方案”，故选C。 答案　C [二次精读] 核心 单词 frustrating adj.令人沮丧的　 desperately adv.绝望地；非常　 govern v.控制，影响，支配　 cue n.暗示，提示，信号　 physically adv.身体上　 psychologically adv.心理上，精神上 incomplete adj.不完整的，不完善的 nap v.(在白天)小睡，打盹；n.(尤指白天的)小睡，打盹 熟词 生义 (1)address常用义：n.地址　 文章义：v.处理，应对 (2)slow常用义：adj.缓慢的　 文章义：v.(使)放慢速度，减缓，松劲 (3)comfort常用义：n.安慰，慰藉；舒服 文章义：v.安慰，抚慰，宽慰 核心 短语 have been there(也)亲身经历过　 drift off(to sleep)入睡；睡着　 in part部分地，在某种程度上　nod off打盹 keep sb up　使某人熬夜(或开夜车、不睡觉) keep...in mind 记住，考虑到　make up for弥补 sleep in迟起，睡懒觉　at play起作用，有影响 B (2025·湖北三地市质检)The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12，000 years.But does it have a future? By 2050，London's weather could resemble that of Barcelona，with long stretches of summer drought.These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions.Around the world，millions of creatures facing unprecedented temperatures and habitat loss are on the move. We do not tend to think of trees as migratory：they are slow-growing and rooted to the ground.Faced with this problem，the ecologist Charlie Gardner is one of a growing number of scientists proposing a radical，controversial solution：we help the trees on their march.Some scientists advocate moving individual species hundreds of kilometres north，within the country and from abroad.Others say entire ecosystems should be translocated，moving multiple species at once. The “assisted migration” is divisive.Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species.They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration.“Large-scale moving of ecosystems can't be undone (撤销)，so should be very much a last choice，”said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust.Allen believes we should prioritize helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration，expanding and connecting existing woodlands. But others say those arguments fail to deal with speed or size of change caused by the climate crisis.“Earlier in my career the narrative was all about restoring past baselines，and then，as I got more independent in my research，I realised that's impossible.We are changing the climate so much，so we have to be a little more inventive.When we have examples of assisted migration，it's often with species which are absolutely on the edge of extinction and have run out of other options，” said Sarah Dalrymple，a conservation ecologist from Liverpool John Moores University，who is part of the task force.She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier，working with species before their populations become so small.“You can never get rid of all the risks，but there is also risk in inaction，”she said.“The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。面对极端天气和栖息地丧失，古树的未来会怎样？越来越多的科学家提出了一个激进的、有争议的解决方案，即辅助迁移(assisted migration)，人们对此意见不一。 5．What is the problem facing ancient trees in London? A．Long summer. B．Habitat destruction. C．Extreme weather. D．Slow growth. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By 2050，London's weather could resemble that of Barcelona，with long stretches of summer drought.”可知，到2050年，伦敦的天气可能会像巴塞罗那一样，夏季干旱会持续很长时间。由此可知，伦敦的古树面临的问题是极端天气，故选C。选项是对文中“long stretches of summer drought”的同义转换。 答案　C 6．Which of the following statements may Andrew Allen agree with? A．Large-scale moving of ecosystems is impossible. B．Assisted migration may contribute to bad results. C．Non-native species are beneficial to ecosystems. D．Native species can survive changes by themselves. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Large-scale moving of ecosystems can't be undone(撤销)，so should be very much a last choice”可知，Andrew Allen认为大规模的生态系统迁移是不可逆转的，所以应该是最后的选择。由此可推断，Andrew Allen认为辅助迁移可能会产生不好的结果，故选B。 答案　B 7．What does Sarah Dalrymple urge people to do in the last paragraph? A．Stop changing the climate. B．Have more options to help species. C．Help native trees to adapt to climate changes. D．Take action earlier to prevent species' extinction. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier，working with species before their populations become so small.”可知，Sarah Dalrymple希望能更早地探索辅助迁移，在物种数量变得很少之前就开始研究，即Sarah Dalrymple建议人们尽早采取行动防止物种灭绝，故选D。选项中的“Take action”与文中的explored是同义转换，extinction与文中的“their populations become so small”是同义表达。 答案　D 8．What might be the author's attitude towards assisted migration? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 解析　观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者只是列举了不同科学家对辅助迁移的观点，并未发表自己的看法，故作者对辅助迁移持客观的态度，故选C。 答案　C [二次精读] 核心 单词 resemble v.看起来像，显得像　 thrive v.兴旺，欣欣向荣，苗壮成长 unprecedented adj.前所未有的，空前的，没有先例的　propose v.提议，建议 radical adj.根本的，彻底的；全新的；激进的 controversial adj.引起争论的，有争议的 translocate v.使……移位 divisive adj.造成不和的，导致分裂的 non-native adj.非本地的，引进的，移植的 unintended adj.非计划的，无意的，无心的 prioritize v.优先处理 baseline n.(尤指医学或科学中的)基线，准线 inventive adj.有创造力的，善于创新的　inaction n.(人)无行动，没反应 派生 词汇 migrate v.(随季节变化)迁徙；移居，迁移→migration n.迁移，移居，迁徙→migratory adj.迁徙的，流动的→immigrant n.(外来)移民 conserve v.保护，保存，保藏；节省，节约→conservation n.(对自然环境的)保护；(官方对历史或艺术建筑的)保护，文物保护；保持→conservationist n.环境保护主义者；(动植物或古旧建筑的)保护工作者 熟词 生义 stretch常用义：v.(使)变大，(使)变松，拉长；伸开，伸展(肢体)　文章义：n.连续的一段时间 核心 短语 be on the move在迁移，在行进；忙碌，活跃；在发展变化，在改进　run out of用尽　 task force(为处理某一特定问题而暂时组成的)工作组　get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 C (2025·长春第一次质检)“Turn off，tune out and drop in.” That's the message to customers at a Dutch digital detox (脱瘾治疗) cafe who are paying for the privilege of leaving their phones at the door.The Offline Club，which began life in Amsterdam，offers an oasis (乐土) of calm and pause from the constant digital busyness of life lived through the black glass of a smartphone.It creates moments of quiet reflection，and encourages conversations with strangers instead of endless keyboard arguments hammered out 280 characters at a time. With board games，a piano and books on hand，the idea is to swap recharging your device for refilling your soul，even for just a few hours.Aided by words spreading on social media，the club has already branched out to multiple cities across the Netherlands，and is now ready for an international launch. “People love it：they tell us this is exactly what they've been waiting for; they can't believe it didn't exist already，” says co-founder Ilya Kneppelhout.“A girl called Belinda who struggled with stress and anxiety told us she hadn't felt so at peace with herself in a year and a half.” Customers switch between time to themselves and time to connect.“People don't just pay to get rid of their phones—they're also paying to meet others，” says Kneppelhout.“We live in quite an isolated world where we're more connected online，but in the physical world，it's hard to meet people.” He's already had a group of digital downtime followers in the UK，where Georgina Sturmer，who has worked with clients experiencing over-dependence on phones，points out another benefit of a switched-off society.“We are constantly at risk of having every word or image captured and shared，” she says.“This sense of being endlessly photographed is something that has come with these devices being in our lives so much.Wouldn't it be great to feel safe knowing it doesn't matter if we're having a bad hair day，or don't really like our outfit？” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。为了鼓励人们戒除电子产品瘾，多与陌生人进行面对面交流，荷兰人发明了数字戒瘾咖啡馆。这种咖啡馆效果明显，受到越来越多人的青睐。 9．What can we know about the Dutch digital detox cafe? A．It is the first cafe in Amsterdam. B．Interaction among people is advocated. C．Only black smartphones are allowed there. D．Customers have to type 280 characters nonstop. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“encourages conversations with strangers instead of endless keyboard arguments hammered out 280 characters at a time”可知，该咖啡馆鼓励与陌生人交谈，而不是无休止的键盘争论。故选B。conversations与B项中的Interaction是同义转换。 答案　B 10．How did the cafe become more and more popular? A．By media's advertising. B．By netizens' commenting online. C．By employees' handing out leaflets. D．By customers' word-of-mouth promoting. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Aided by words spreading on social media...the Netherlands”可知，在社交媒体上人们的话语的帮助下，这家俱乐部已经扩展到荷兰多个城市。所以它是通过社交媒体上人们的评论而变得越来越受欢迎的。故选B。 答案　B 11．Why is Belinda mentioned in the third paragraph? A．To show the effect of the cafe. B．To explain the cause of her anxiety. C．To stress the seriousness of her situation. D．To introduce the problem of modern people. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A girl called Belinda who struggled with stress and anxiety told us she hadn't felt so at peace with herself in a year and a half.”可知，Belinda一直在与压力和焦虑作斗争，但在最近一年半的时间里从未如此平静过，即咖啡馆对她产生了积极效果。故选A。 答案　A 12．What is Georgina Sturmer's attitude towards the cafe? A．Ambiguous. B．Concerned. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段尤其是其中的“points out another benefit of a switched-off society”可知，Georgina Sturmer认为咖啡馆能带来好处。故选C。 答案　C [二次精读] 核心 单词 privilege n.特殊利益，优惠待遇；荣幸，光荣 constant adj.连续发生的，不断的，重复的　multiple adj.数量多的，多种多样的 launch n.(事件的)发起 switch v.交换，调换，转换，对调 client n.客户　capture v.拍摄，录制，绘制 派生 词汇 reflect v.认真思考，沉思→reflection n.沉思，深思，审慎的思考 fill v.(使)充满，装满，注满，填满→refill v.再装满，重新装满 anxious adj.焦虑，忧虑，担心→anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑 isolate v.(使)隔离，孤立，脱离→isolated adj.孤立的，孤独的 核心 短语 swap...for...用……换取……　branch out朝新的方向拓展　get rid of摆脱，消除 难句 分析 He's already had a group of digital downtime followers in the UK，where Georgina Sturmer，who has worked with clients experiencing over-dependence on phones，points out another benefit of a switched-off society. 分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干：He's already had a group of digital downtime followers.句中where...society为where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the UK；从句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Georgina Sturmer，在该从句中experiencing ...phones为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 clients。 译文：在英国，他已经有了一群数字停机时间的追随者。在那里，曾与过度依赖手机的客户合作过，Georgina Sturmer指出了一个停用电子产品的社会的另一个好处。 专题微练7　推理判断题——文章出处类 [对应学生用书P143] A (2025·浙江名校协作体联考) ALBANIA It is no secret that traveling to Europe isn't generally cheap，but Albania is an exception to this rule.The cost of living in Albania is much more affordable than elsewhere in Europe.There are some amazing beaches to visit in this beautiful Mediterranean country if you're looking for sunshine and relaxation，and the traditional food here is nothing short of “amazing”． VIETNAM Vietnam is a place in Asia where you can travel for about 100 yuan per day if you play your cards right.Tourism is picking up in Vietnam lately，but it's still a very affordable destination with lots of student-friendly options for backpacking.Con Dao Island National Park is a great destination in Vietnam to see sea turtles and other wildlife while exploring the area on foot. NEW ORLEANS，U.S. New Orleans is a fun place to party any time of the year.It's an incredibly unique place in the U．S.that's full of fascinating history，intriguing culture，delicious food，and a constantly buzzing nightlife scene.There are actually a couple of hostels that offers reasonable accommodation rates for students.Hotels in New Orleans can get quite pricey，so look into these hostel options well in advance so they don't get booked up. ZAKYNTHOS ISLAND，GREECE If you're looking for an affordable European summer beach vacation，consider Zakynthos Island located west of the Greek mainland.Food is cheap and mouthwatering，while hotels are affordable.There are plenty of free things to do，such as spending time on the beautiful beaches edged by electric blue water.There are countless options for swimming in the enticing sea，along with charming villages and museums to explore on this beautiful island in Greece. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个高性价比的旅行目的地的相关信息。 1．Which destination will appeal to a party-goer? A．ALBANIA B．VIETNAM C．NEW ORLEANS，U.S. D．ZADYNTHOS ISLAND，GREECE 解析　细节理解题。根据NEW ORLEANS，U.S.部分第一句“New Orleans is a fun place to party any time of the year.”可知，新奥尔良会吸引那些爱参加聚会的人。故选 C。 答案　C 2．What do the four destinations have in common? A．They have tempting food and charming beaches. B．They have various wildlife and interesting culture. C．They offer fascinating views at an acceptable price. D．They offer luxurious travel experience worth visiting. 解析　推理判断题。根据 ALBANIA部分第二句“The cost of living in Albania is much more affordable than elsewhere in Europe.”，VIETNAM 部分第二句“Tourism is picking up in Vietnam lately，but it's still a very affordable destination with lots of student-friendly options for backpacking.”，New ORLEANS，U.S.部分最后一句“Hotels in New Orleans can get quite pricey，so look into these hostel options well in advance so they don't get booked up.”和 ZAKYNTHOS ISLAND，GREECE部分第二句“Food is cheap and mouthwatering，while hotels are affordable.”可推知，这四个目的地的共同之处是它们都有令人满意的价格且提供迷人的景色。故选C。 答案　C 3．In which column of a magazine can this text be found? A．Culture B．Tourism C．Advertisement D．Entertainment 解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了四个高性价比的旅行目的地。所以本文可能出自杂志的旅游专栏。故选 B。 答案　B [二次精读] 核心 单词 affordable adj.负担得起的　backpack v.背包旅行 　mouthwatering adj.令人垂涎的 核心 短语 play one's cards right办事得当，巧妙行事　look into 研究，调查 B (2024·宁夏银川期末)The sun is about to set when we reach our destination，the home of a nomadic (游牧的) herder (牧民) family.My host，Batbayer，has a cheerful face，with deep wrinkles and a color from long hours working outdoors，giving him the look of a sailor from an Ernest Hemingway novel.We have pre-arranged our visit but travelers in Mongolia can drive up to pretty much any ger and feel welcomed to stay.You don't knock on the door: when you approach a nomadic family，a customary greeting is to say a kindly “Hold your dog.”，even if you don't see a dog. We feast at the family home on one of the country's most distinct and tasty dishes：khorkhog，or mutton cooked using hot rocks.This comes served with onions，a variety of berries，and milk-besides more plates of meat，all from the family's own livestock (家畜). Mongolia is home to one of the world's few remaining truly nomadic cultures.About a fifth of the population are herders，and nomadism is complexly woven into the country's spirit.But modern life is catching up with the people on the grassland at rapid speed.This is in large part what my book is about: an outsider's exploration of a society undergoing modernization while trying to hold fast to its deeply rooted traditional values. Many of the livestock here，especially the more valuable breeds such as horses，camels and cattle，are implanted with microchips that can be monitored via satellite-based services.“I would like to use the Internet more because it's fun and useful; but the animals like it here.This is a good place for them，” Batbayer says when I ask if better Internet connectivity might influence where to move his livestock next.“I would never choose Facebook over the well-being of the animals.” [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者拜访蒙古游牧民族家庭，体验了当地独特的饮食和文化的经历。 4．Which aspect of the herders does the author focus on in paragraph 1? A．Living conditions. B．Pet preference. C．Reading habits. D．Friendliness. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“My host，Batbayer，has a cheerful face，with deep wrinkles and a color from long hours working outdoors，giving him the look of a sailor from an Ernest Hemingway novel.We have pre-arranged our visit but travelers in Mongolia can drive up to pretty much any ger and feel welcomed to stay.You don't knock on the door: when you approach a nomadic family，a customary greeting is to say a kindly ‘Hold your dog.’，even if you don't see a dog.(我造访的男主人巴特拜尔有一张愉快的面容，皱纹很深，长时间在户外工作后的肤色，让他看起来像欧内斯特·海明威小说中的水手。我们已经提前安排了行程，但是在蒙古的游客可以开车到几乎任何蒙古包，并感到很受欢迎。你不用敲门：当你走近一个游牧家庭时，习惯上的问候是亲切地说一句‘抱一下你们的狗’，即使你没有看到狗。)”可知，游客可以自由地造访牧民的家，无拘无束，因此作者强调了牧民的友好。故选D。 答案　D 5．What do we know about nomadic culture? A．Herders have no access to fruits and vegetables. B．It is the world's dominant culture. C．The majority of Mongolians are herders. D．Herders' life is being modernized. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Mongolia is home to one of the world's few remaining truly nomadic cultures.About a fifth of the population are herders，and nomadism is complexly woven into the country's spirit.But modern life is catching up with the people on the grassland at rapid speed.This is in large part what my book is about: an outsider's exploration of a society undergoing modernization while trying to hold fast to its deeply rooted traditional values.(蒙古是世界上仅存的少数真正的游牧文化之一。大约五分之一的人口是牧民，游牧精神已经复杂地融入了这个国家的精神。但现代生活正以极快的速度追赶着草原上的人们。这在很大程度上是我这本书的主题：一个局外人对一个正在经历现代化的社会的探索，同时试图坚持其根深蒂固的传统价值观。) ”可知，牧民的传统生活与现代生活融合在一起，牧民的生活正走向现代化。故选D。 答案　D 6．What can we infer from Batbayer's words in the last paragraph? A．He refuses to use social media. B．He will no longer employ microchips. C．He puts the welfare of livestock at first. D．He will introduce more valuable breeds. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘I would like to use the Internet more because it's fun and useful; but the animals like it here.This is a good place for them，’ Batbayer says when I ask if better Internet connectivity might influence where to move his livestock next.‘I would never choose Facebook over the well-being of the animals.’(‘我想更多地使用互联网，因为它既有趣又有用；但是动物们喜欢这里。这对他们来说是一个好地方，’当我问到更好的互联网连接是否会影响下一步将他的牲畜转移到哪里时，巴特拜尔说。‘我永远不会为了Facebook而放弃动物的福祉。’)”可知，巴特拜尔优先考虑的是牲畜的福利，要为牲畜选择适合它们生活的地方。故选C。 答案　C 7．What is the text? A．A book review. B．A folk tale. C．A field report. D．A travel journal. 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段可知，这篇文章作者是以第一人称的角度写的，描述的是作者去蒙古的所见所闻所感，所以这是一篇旅游日志。故选D。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 destination n.目的地　ger n.蒙古包 mutton n.羊肉； 绵羊　microchip n.微晶片 核心 短语 knock on敲击　a variety of各种各样的 be home to是……的家园 catch up with追上； 赶上 语块 积累 satellite-based services基于卫星的服务 a nomadic family游牧家庭 deeply rooted traditional values根深蒂固的传统价值观 长难 句分 析 The sun is about to set when we reach our destination，the home of a nomadic herder family. 分析：这是一个主从复合句，句中使用了be about to...when...“正要……这时……”结构，句中the home of a nomadic herder family作destination的同位语。 译文：太阳即将落山时，我们到达目的地，一个游牧家庭的家园。 C (2025·鄂东南联考)A bestseller by Giulia Enders explores the fascinating world of the human digestive system and its profound impact on overall health.One of the key takeaways is the idea that the gut(肠道)is not just a digestion machine，but a complex and intelligent organ that influences our immune system，brain function，and emotional well-being. The book explores the gut-brain connection，explaining how the gut communicates with the brain and can influence mood and behavior，highlighting the link between gut health and mental conditions like anxiety and depression.Enders also explains how the gut's nervous system functions independently of the brain and why it's often called the “second brain.” Another key point is the impact of diet on gut health.Enders advises incorporating fiber-rich foods，fermented products(like yogurt)，and probiotics (good bacteria)into our diet to nourish beneficial gut bacteria.She also warns against the overuse of antibiotics(抗生素)，which can upset the balance of gut bacteria and lead to digestive disorders. The book also provides insight into common digestive problems and breaks down how these issues can be managed or prevented by making simple lifestyle changes，like eating slowly and managing stress.Enders explains the digestive process in a simple and engaging way，highlighting the importance of a healthy gut，and offers practical advice on supporting its function，such as avoiding overly processed foods and eating mindfully. Enders also touches on the significance of the immune system in the gut，where a large portion of immune cells reside.A healthy gut microbiome(肠道微生物组)can strengthen the immune response，while an imbalanced gut may lead to increased risk of infections and autoimmune diseases. Enders successfully makes the science of the gut accessible and relatable，showing that by understanding how this often-overlooked organ works，we can make informed choices that significantly improve our health and happiness. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。本文是关于朱莉娅·恩德斯所著的畅销书的书评，该书深入探讨了人类消化系统的奇妙世界及其对人类健康的深远影响，旨在提高人们对肠道健康的认识，并通过了解肠道工作原理来改善健康和提高幸福感。 8．What does the underlined word “takeaways” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Differences. B．Conclusions. C．Causes. D．Goals. 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“A bestseller by Giulia Enders explores the fascinating world of the human digestive system and its profound impact on overall health.”开门见山，引出文章话题，即朱莉娅·恩德斯的畅销书的主要内容，结合下文第二段首句、第三段首句和第四段首句“The book explores...”“ Another key point is...”和“The book also provides...”均介绍该书内容可推知，画线词所在句是对该书中一个核心观点的总结，画线词takeaways与conclusions语义一致。故选B。 答案　B 9．What does the author might agree with? A．An unhealthy gut will definitely lead to immune disorders. B．The gut's nervous system interrelates with the brain in its function. C．Eating slowly or managing stress helps avoid some digestive problems. D．The more fiber we include in our diet，the healthier our gut will become. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The book also provides insight into common digestive problems and breaks down how these issues can be managed or prevented by making simple lifestyle changes，like eating slowly and managing stress.”可知，该书还深入探讨了常见的消化问题，并分析了如何通过简单的生活方式的改变(如细嚼慢咽和管理压力)来管理或预防这些问题。由此可知，C项(吃慢一点或管理压力有助于避免一些消化问题的出现)符合题意。故选 C。 答案　C 10．Which one can best serve as the title of the book by Giulia Enders? A．Gut Health Is Above Wealth. B．Eat Your Way to Good Health. C．Immune System：A Deciding Factor in Overall Health. D Gut：The Inside Story of Our Body's Most Underrated Organ. 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“One of the key takeaways is the idea that the gut is not just a digestion machine，but a complex and intelligent organ that influences our immune system，brain function，and emotional well-being.”以及下文每个段落开头的主题句可推知，这本畅销书主要介绍了肠道作为消化系统和复杂、智能的器官对人类健康的深远影响，包括与大脑的联系、饮食建议、管理消化问题的方法以及肠道对免疫系统的重要性，旨在提高人们对肠道健康的认识。因此，D项(《肠子的小心思：我们身体最被低估的器官》)最适合作为该书的书名。故选D。 答案　D 11．What is the text? A．A book review. B．A research paper. C．An advertisement for a book. D．A chapter of a book. 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段中的关键表述A bestseller by Giulia Enders以及下文每段的开头语“The book explores...”“ Another key point is...” “ The book also provides...”“Enders also touches on...”和“Enders successfully makes...”可推知，本文对一本畅销书进行介绍和评论，应是一篇书评。故选A。 答案　A [二次精读] 核心 单词 bestseller n.畅销书 　profound adj.深切的；深远的 　emotional adj.感情的；情感的；情绪的　highlight v.强调，重视　incorporate v.将……包括在内；包含；吸收　nourish v.滋养 　engaging adj.有趣的　overly adv.过于；十分　mindfully adv.有意识的，专注的　imbalanced adj.失衡的；失调的　informed adj.有学问的；有见识的 派生 词汇 digest v.消化，理解→digestive adj.消化的；和消化有关的→digestion n.消化 relate v.联系；使有联系→relatable adj.容易引起共鸣的；可理解的 核心 短语 insight into对…… 的深入了解 break down详细解释；分解说明 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $