专题1 第3讲 主旨大意题——高屋建瓴明意旨(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

专题集训 专题微练8　主旨大意题——标题归纳类 [对应学生用书P146] A (2025·贵阳质检)Space should not be a garbage dump.Nevertheless，the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years.Now filled with dead rockets and satellites，our polluted orbital environment is becoming more crowded，threatening the growing space economy.It's time for nations—and the billionaires to clean up Earth's near orbit. The U．S.Air Force tracks more than 25，000 pieces of space junk larger than 10 centimeters—about the size of a bagel—weighing together some 9，000 metric tons.This dangerous trash moves around Earth at speeds of roughly 10 kilometers per second，or more than 22，000 miles per hour.Collisions between millimeter-scale objects too small to track and working satellites are now routine.Orbital debris (碎片) collisions cost satellite operators an estimated $86 million to $103 million in losses a year. Under the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (条约)，nations are supposed to be responsible for damages caused by space junk，even if it was originally launched by a private firm.That puts taxpayers，not space-exploring billionaires，on the hook for damages from orbital debris even if its origin can be proved and the company shown negligent(失职的). No surprise，this hasn't worked.The problem is，after decades of discussion，there is still no international treaty that limits space junk or sets standards for negligence.We need one that outlines responsibilities and strictly requires fines on the companies whose spacecraft debris causes harm. As long as doing the right thing is voluntary，it may not happen，concluded a 2018 Air Force Association report.The limited action since then tells us the world should have already worked on an agreement on compulsory standards.Few countries or companies currently design rockets for their complete life cycle.They must be forced to store enough fuel and keep the capability for spacecraft to drive safely out of space when their useful life is over.If spaceflight industries and nations fail to play by the new rules，they should be subjected to painful financial punishments. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。近年来，环绕地球的太空垃圾数量急剧增加。本文主要介绍了太空垃圾带来的损害和责任划分问题，并呼吁制定国际标准和惩罚措施。 1．What has happened to space in recent years? A．Space economy has been thriving. B．The orbit pollutes rockets and satellites. C．Space junk has increased rapidly. D．The orbital environment becomes clean. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Nevertheless，the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years.”可知，近年来围绕地球的太空垃圾数量急剧增加，故选C。 答案　C 2．Who should be responsible for damages according to the Treaty? A．Billionaires. B．Taxpayers. C．Firms. D．Operators. 解析　细节理解题。文章第三段涉及了1967年《外层空间条约》，根据该段内容，尤其是其中的“That puts taxpayers，not space-exploring billionaires，on the hook for damages”可知，根据1967年签署的《外层空间条约》，各国应对太空垃圾造成的损害负责，这意味着，是纳税人，而非探索太空的亿万富翁，为轨道碎片所造成的损害负责。故选B。 答案　B 3．What could be the author's attitude towards the Treaty? A．Doubtful. B．Neutral. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 解析　观点态度题。根据第三段中两个even if引导的让步状语从句和“not space-exploring billionaires”可知，作者在介绍《外层空间条约》的相应规定时表示，即使太空垃圾最初是由私人公司发射的，并且能够证明是公司的失职，该条约规定责任人仍是国家，即纳税人；再由第四段内容可知，作者对该条约没有起作用并不感到意外，并且认为我们需要一份能够明确责任，并对航天器碎片造成损害的公司进行罚款的条约。因此可推断，作者对《外层空间条约》的态度是怀疑的。故选A。 答案　A 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Space Junk：a Problem to Be Solved B．Space Economy：a Business to Be Built C．Space Disaster：a Prediction on the Future D．Space Exploration：a Trip to the Unknown 解析　标题归纳题。本文第一段就谈到太空垃圾问题，点明太空不应该成为垃圾场，接下来详细说明了太空垃圾问题和为解决这一问题提出的措施和呼吁，故A项“太空垃圾：一个有待解决的问题”最适合作文章标题。 答案　A [二次精读] 核心 单词 nevertheless adv.尽管如此　 steeply adv.(增加或减少)大幅度地，急剧地 track v.追踪，跟踪　roughly adv.大约 collision n.碰撞(或相撞)事故 originally adv.最初地　billionaire n.亿万富翁 compulsory adj.规定的；强制的，强迫的；义务的　capability n.能力 熟词 生义 play常用义：v.玩耍；参加(比赛或运动)；演奏，弹奏　文章义：v.(以某方式)行事，做事 核心 短语 be responsible for对……负责　 on the hook for为……负责　 set standards for为……设定标准 play by the rules遵守规则　 be subjected to受到，经受 B (2024·安徽上学期期末)Recent research has found that Martian(火星的) soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice，planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville，reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference，providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet. The study，conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville，tested simulated(模拟的) Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice.The researchers found that the soil contained all the essential nutrients needed for the crop to grow. However，it would be a bit challenging for the plants to survive in the soil that has perchlorate，a chemical that has been detected on Mars' surface and can be poisonous to plants. The team grew rice plants in a Martian soil simulant primarily made of Mojave Desert basalt(玄武岩).However，the new-grown plants developed slighter shoots and thinner roots than the plants that grew from the potting mix.Even replacing just 25 percent of the simulant with a potting mix made a big difference，the team found. The team of researchers then conducted an experiment to grow rice in soil containing perchlorate.They used a wild rice variety and two genetically edited varieties，which were designed to stand up to environmental stressors such as drought，and tested them in Mars-simulated soil with and without perchlorate. The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants.However，when the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram，one of the genetically edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root，while the wild variety was only able to grow a root. “We want to send humans to Mars but we cannot take everything there.It's going to be expensive，” said Ramachandran.The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars，as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet，reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在火星土壤上种植稻米的可能性以及实验的经过。 5．How did the researchers conduct their study? A．By asking questions. B．By carrying out experiments. C．By making a case study. D．By referring to former studies. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“The study，conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville，tested simulated (模拟的) Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice.(这项研究由费耶特维尔阿肯色大学的一个研究小组进行，他们测试了模拟的火星土壤，以确定其是否适合种植水稻。)”可知，研究人员是通过做实验进行研究的。故选B。 答案　B 6．The gene-edited variety grows better in one kilogram of soil containing ． A．one gram of perchlorate B．two grams of perchlorate C．three grams of perchlorate D．four grams of perchlorate 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段“The study revealed that a concentration of three grams of perchlorate per kilogram of soil resulted in no growth of rice plants.However，when the concentration was reduced to one gram per kilogram，one of the genetically edited lines successfully grew both a shoot and a root，while the wild variety was only able to grow a root.(研究表明，每公斤土壤中含有3克高氯酸盐的浓度导致水稻无法生长。然而，当浓度降低到每公斤1克时，其中一个基因编辑的品系成功地长出了芽和根，而野生品种只能长出根。)”可知，在含有1克高氯酸盐的1公斤土壤中生长的基因编辑过的品种长得更好。故选A。 答案　A 7．Why did the researchers want to grow rice on Mars? A．To find a wonderful way to make money. B．To support the growing population on Earth. C．To help astronauts feed themselves on Mars. D．To enable people to eat new varieties of rice. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The discovery could be a game-changer for future missions to Mars，as it could enable astronauts to grow their own food on the planet，reducing the need for costly and complex resupply missions.(这一发现可能会改变未来的火星任务，因为它可以使宇航员在火星上种植自己的食物，减少昂贵而复杂的补给任务的需要。)”可推知，研究者想要在火星上种植水稻是为了帮助宇航员在火星上养活自己。故选C。 答案　C 8．What's the best title for the text? A．What Should We Grow on Mars? B．How Did Martian Soil Change Over Time? C．People Are Likely to Live on Mars Years Later D．Martian Soil May Have All the Essential Nutrients Rice Needs 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Recent research has found that Martian (火星的) soil contains all the essential nutrients necessary for growing rice，planetary scientist Abhilash Ramachandran of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville，reported at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference，providing new possibilities for agriculture on the Red Planet.(费耶特维尔阿肯色大学的行星科学家Abhilash Ramachandran在月球和行星科学会议上报告说，最近的研究发现，火星土壤含有种植水稻所需的所有必需营养素，这为这颗红色星球上的农业提供了新的可能性。)”可知，本文主要讲的是火星土壤可能含有水稻种植所需的所有必要养分。由此可知，“火星土壤可能含有水稻所需的所有必需营养素”适合作本文的标题。故选D。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 perchlorate n.高氯酸盐[酯] poisonous adj.有毒的；极令人厌恶的 reveal v.揭示；展示 核心 短语 result in导致；造成 stand up to对抗；勇敢地面对； 抵抗； 顶住 语块 积累 the essential nutrients必需的营养物质 a Martian soil simulant火星土壤模拟物 conduct an experiment进行实验 长难 句分 析 The study，conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville，tested simulated Martian soil to determine its suitability for growing rice. 分析：这是一个简单句，句子主干为The study...tested simulated Martian soil，过去分词短语conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville作the study的定语，不定式短语to determine its suitability for growing rice作目的状语。 译文：这项研究由阿肯色大学费耶特维尔分校的一组研究人员进行，测试了模拟的火星土壤，以确定其是否适合种植水稻。 C (2025·湖北重点中学第二次联考)A Chinese student studying in the UK shared a heartwarming story online about her tutor who quit her job to pursue mission：knitting sweaters for penguins in Antarctica.The tutor's email reply to the student read，“Thank you for your email.I have left to pursue my dream of making sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics.I will be out of office on a permanent，indefinite，open-ended basis until my penguin friends are happy.” This act of kindness is part of a larger charity initiative that began after a major oil spill near Phillip Island，Australia，in the late 1990s.The spill severely affected the local penguin population，leading to a decline in their numbers and health over the following breeding seasons.When little penguins become oiled，they will try to clean the poisonous oil from their feathers with their beaks (喙)，and ingesting it can kill them.It also damages their delicate feathers，which exposes their skin to extreme temperatures and they are left cold，heavy and unable to swim or hunt for food. In response to such incidents，the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks launched a campaign urging enthusiasts worldwide to knit sweaters for the affected penguins.These sweaters serve a dual purpose：They provide temporary warmth and prevent the penguins from reaching their oily feathers with their beaks.The last significant oil spill around Phillip Island occurred in 2001，affecting 438 little penguins.With the help of these sweaters，96% of them were successfully rescued and released back into the wild. The penguin jumper program has been running for over 20 years，and during this time，more than 200，000 sweaters have been knitted for penguins by generous knitters across the globe. While some argue that the sweaters could potentially add extra pressure to the penguins' bodies or cause them to overheat，the Penguin Foundation explains that the sweaters are used temporarily to keep penguins warm before their bodies are washed and feathers recover.Besides，penguins need sweaters made of all wool，only those sweaters that meet the standard for wear can be received by the Penguin Foundation. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文以一名教师辞职去给南极洲企鹅编织毛衣的事例引出一项慈善活动的介绍，该活动呼吁全世界针织爱好者为受石油泄漏的企鹅纺织羊毛毛衣。 9．Why did the tutor quit her job? A．She was more attracted to knitting. B．She decided to protect penguins in Antarctica. C．She was dissatisfied with the School of Economics. D．She was offered a position at the Penguin Foundation. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“her tutor who quit her job to pursue mission：knitting sweaters for penguins in Antarctica”可知，该教师辞职是为了给南极洲企鹅编织毛衣；再结合第三段的“These sweaters serve a dual purpose：They provide temporary warmth and prevent the penguins from reaching their oily feathers with their beaks.”可知，毛衣可以为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅提供暂时的温暖，并防止企鹅用喙接触沾满石油的羽毛。由此可知，该教师辞职实质上是为了保护南极洲企鹅，故选B。 答案　B 10．What does the underlined word “ingesting” mean in paragraph 2? A．Taking in. B．Feeding on. C．Breathing in. D．Sweeping away. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“When little penguins become oiled，they will try to clean the poisonous oil from their feathers with their beaks (喙)”可知，当小企鹅被石油污染时，它们会试图用喙清理羽毛上的有毒石油。画线词后的it指代前文的“the poisonous oil”，再结合常识可知，此处表示有毒石油会与A项“吞入(体内)”最为接近。 答案　A 11．What harm will the oil spill cause for the penguins? A．It will make them overheated. B．It will pose a threat to their survival. C．It will make them more visible to the hunters. D．It will make them fat and unhealthy. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When little penguins become oiled...they are left cold，heavy and unable to swim or hunt for food.”可知，被石油污染后的企鹅会试图用喙清理羽毛上的有毒石油，而吞入有毒石油，它们可能会被杀死。有毒石油还会损害企鹅脆弱的羽毛，使它们的皮肤暴露在极端温度下，它们会变得又冷又重，无法游泳或觅食。由此可知，石油泄漏会对企鹅的生存构成威胁，故选B。 答案　B 12．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．Antarctic Penguins：A Call for Sweaters B．Knitting for Conservation：A Global Issue C．Antarctic Oil Spills：A Disaster on Penguins D．Warmth in Every Stitch：Sweaters for Oiled Penguins 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅编织毛衣的活动，故D项“每一针的温暖：为被石油污染的企鹅准备的毛衣”最适合作本文标题。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 heartwarming adj.令人欣喜的，暖人心房的 quit v.离开(工作职位、学校等)；停止，戒掉 knit v.编织，针织，机织　permanent adj.长久的，永久的，永恒的　indefinite adj.无限期的，期限不定的；模糊不清的，不明确的　open-ended adj.无最终期限的，无时间限制的；无确定答案的　initiative n.倡议，新方案；主动性　spill n.洒出(量)，溢出(量)，泄漏(量)v.(使)洒出，溢出　poisonous adj.引起毒的，有毒的　launch v.发动，发起，开始从事(大型或重要活动)　 release v.释放，放出 派生 词汇 pursue v.追求，致力于，贯彻；继续探讨(或追究、从事)→pursuit n.追求，寻找；追赶，跟踪；事业，消遣　temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；暂时的，临时的→temporarily adv.暂时地；短暂地 专题微练9　主旨大意题——文章大意类 [对应学生用书P149] A (2025·南京六校联合调研)My initial exploration of the world of comic books happened through the comic strips in newspapers.It began with a fondness for Garfield and his adventures，and led to the discovery of a range of comic books like Champak and The Adventures of Tintin.They enabled me to enjoy myself in a world without iPads and the Internet—just like so many of my friends who were fond of reading. While my access to comics as a child was limited to what was printed in the newspaper，this changed once I grew older and started visiting bookstores to buy the books that I wanted to read.Having grown up on a diet of image-heavy books，I found the idea of reading text-only novels quite formidable．As I searched for books that lay somewhere in between，I came across a copy of Bhimayana—a graphic novel.It felt familiar due to its comic-like theme and design.Plus，understanding complex narratives through pictures was relatively easier and more fun.And so，as I grew older，I found myself transitioning towards graphic novels from childish comic books. Graphic novels dealt with serious topics in a more engaging manner.They would literally show me what was going on.For example，when I was reading Joe Sacco's Palestine，I didn't have to imagine the ruin caused by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.I could actually see it while reading about it. Fast-forward a few years to when I was given a copy of Jonathan Bloomfield's Palestine：A Novel.Though I was impressed by the compelling (扣人心弦的) nature of storytelling in his book，I am not sure if I would have been able to visualize and enjoy his text-only version so much had I not read Sacco's Palestine first.Thanks to the graphic novel，I had “picture” of whatever had happened，and that made it easier and more fun to understand the details of the overall story. From black and white strips and colorful comic books to illustrated graphic novels，this type of storytelling has come a long way.While my romance with comic books is still ongoing，in the long run，my love for graphic novels is more substantial and here to stay. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从童年时期通过报纸上的连环漫画对连环漫画书产生兴趣，到成年后转向图像小说的心路历程。作者讲述了图像小说在处理严肃主题时的吸引力，以及它们是如何帮助他更深入地理解和享受阅读的。 1．Why did the author turn to comic books as a child? A．He found comic books interesting. B．He had limited access to other books. C．He wanted to be different from his friends. D．He could relax from reading text-only books. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It began with a fondness for Garfield and his adventures...and the Internet”可知，这一切始于作者对加菲猫及其冒险故事的喜爱，之后他便发现了更多连环漫画书。这些连环漫画书让作者在没有iPad和网络的世界里享受自我。所以可以知道作者转向连环漫画书是因为他喜欢连环漫画书，觉得它们有趣。故选A。 答案　A 2．Which word can best explain the underlined word “formidable” in paragraph 2? A．Acceptable. B．Natural. C．Scary. D．Appealing. 解析　词义猜测题。作者提到，由于习惯了阅读图像丰富的书籍，面对只有文本的小说时，他觉得阅读起来相当“formidable”。这里的“formidable”意味着文本小说对他来说是一个挑战，因为他习惯了图像辅助的阅读方式，所以结合选项可知“可怕的”是合适的意思。故选C。 答案　C 3．What does the author say about reading Sacco's Palestine? A．It encouraged him to read more text-only novels. B．It improved his understanding of Bloomfield's book. C．It introduced him to a compelling style of storytelling. D．It changed his attitude to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I am not sure if I．..Thanks to the graphic novel...details of the overall story.”可知，在阅读了Sacco的书之后，他对Jonathan Bloomfield的书有了更深的理解。图像小说让他对事件有了“画面感”，使得理解整个故事的细节变得更加容易和有趣。故选B。 答案　B 4．What does the author mainly talk about in the passage? A．Comic books are more than comics. B．Why he loves reading graphic novels. C．Why he turned to serious novels eventually. D．Picture books are here to stay for many reasons. 解析　文章大意题。结合全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者的喜好是如何从童年的连环漫画书过渡到成年后的图像小说的。作者强调了图像小说在处理严肃主题时的吸引力，以及它们如何帮助他更好地理解和享受阅读。故选B。 答案　B [二次精读] 核心 单词 initial adj.最初的，开始的，第一的　 adventure n.冒险，冒险经历，奇遇　 complex adj.复杂的，难懂的，费解的 transition v.(逐渐地)转向 literally adv.按字面，字面上；真正地；确实地　conflict n.冲突，争执，争论 illustrated adj.有插图的 派生 词汇 fond adj.喜爱的→fondness n.爱好；喜爱 engage v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)→engaging adj.有趣的，令人愉快的，迷人的 visual adj.视力的，视觉的→visualize v.使形象化，想象，构思，设想 核心 短语 come across偶然发现，偶然遇见　in the long run从长远来看 难句 分析 While my access to comics as a child was limited to what was printed in the newspaper，this changed once I grew older and started visiting bookstores to buy the books that I wanted to read. 分析：本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句，从句中what引导宾语从句；once…to read为once引导的时间状语从句，从句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the books。 译文：虽然我小时候接触的漫画仅限于报纸上印刷的内容，但随着我长大开始去书店购买我想读的书，这种情况发生了变化。 B (2025·山东潍坊诊断性考试)As we researchers predicted，we found that picky eaters scored worst on our tests of food recognition：Food neophobia(食品新奇恐惧症) is negatively related to food recognition ability. While we were publishing our findings，scientists were debating new findings about how the brain reacts to food and color.Different research groups had identified brain areas in the visual system that responded preferentially to images of food.For instance，looking at a bowl of noodles would activate these brain areas，but not looking at a pile of string.The scientific disagreement was about what it meant to identify a selectivity for food in brain areas already known for their responsiveness to color. We repeated our initial study with gray-scale images of food.The result showed without color，people unsurprisingly made more errors，mistaking different dishes as the same，but the pattern of variation across people was otherwise unchanged.Those with a higher general visual ability did better with food.We also found one effect of removing color：Food neophobia was no longer related to food recognition ability.It was as if whatever advantage the adventurous eaters had gained over picky ones was all dependent on color. We then made an entirely new prediction：Would people with color blindness be less food neophobia than those with normal color perception? Because the colorblind experience food in a restricted range of color，certain signals that raise flags about freshness，safety，or otherwise drive anxiety about novel food could be limited. We invited participants online，based on how they answered one question about color blindness buried in a long screening questionnaire.The survey suggested colorblind people were indeed less food neophobic than the non-colorblind.Seeing the world with a narrow color range seems to ease an emotion-based resistance to novel foods. Our findings pave the way for addressing extreme cases of food neophobia.As researchers learn more about the complicated relevance between color perception and food，we might develop targeted interventions to improve dietary habits. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于食物新奇恐惧症与食物颜色关系的研究，研究人员通过实验发现食物颜色会影响人们对食物的识别和对新奇食物的接受程度，该研究为解决极端食物新奇恐惧症提供了思路。 5．Which can activate the specific brain areas more easily? A．A piece of cake. B．A pair of shoes. C．A series of books. D．A pile of string. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Different research groups had identified brain areas in the visual system that responded preferentially to images of food.For instance，looking at a bowl of noodles would activate these brain areas，but not looking at a pile of string.”可知，食物更容易激活大脑的特定区域。故选A。 答案　A 6．What happened when color was removed from food images? A．Mistakes were on the rise. B．Food neophobia worsened. C．Recognition accuracy improved. D．Adventurous eaters were at an advantage. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The result showed without color，people unsurprisingly made more errors，mistaking different dishes as the same”可知，当研究人员去除食物图片的颜色时，人们犯的错误会增多。故选A。 答案　A 7．What did the survey conclude about colorblind people? A．They are less familiar with food types. B．They are more open to nutritious foods. C．They are less likely to resist new foods. D．They are more worried about food safety. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The survey suggested colorblind people were indeed less food neophobic than the non-colorblind.”可知，色盲人士比起非色盲的人更少对新奇食物产生恐惧，也就是说，色盲人士对新食物没有那么抗拒。故选C。 答案　C 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Supporting evidence for the research results. B．Potential application of the research findings. C．A further explanation of the research methods. D．A reasonable doubt about the research process. 解析　主旨大意题。通读最后一段，尤其是根据“Our findings pave the way for addressing extreme cases of food neophobia.”以及“develop targeted interventions to improve dietary habits”可知，研究结果为解决极端食物新奇恐惧症铺平了道路，随着相关研究越来越多，研究人员可能制定出有针对性的干预措施来改善饮食习惯。由此可知，本段内容主要是关于研究成果的潜在应用。故选B。 答案　B [二次精读] 核心 单词 picky adj.挑剔的，吹毛求疵的　 activate vt.激活，使活化　 adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的，大胆创新的 restricted adj.(大小或数量)有限的，很小的 extreme adj.极端的 complicated adj.复杂的，难处理的 intervention n.干预，介入 难句 分析 Because the colorblind experience food in a restricted range of color，certain signals that raise flags about freshness，safety，or otherwise drive anxiety about novel food could be limited. 分析：本句为主从复合句。句中because引导原因状语从句；主句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词certain signals。 译文：由于色盲人士体验到的食物颜色范围有限，因此，某些引发对食物新鲜度、安全性等方面的担忧，或引起人们对新奇食物焦虑的信号可能会受到限制。 C (2025·贵阳摸底考试)Theatre has a culture of its own and is a powerful medium for exposing problems.Plays are sometimes attempting to spread awareness about problems like racism，sexism，etc.These plays help our society better function because they cause individuals to realize what is happening and take action.It builds a passion in people since they realize what is really important to them and that they have the power to make a change. The main reason people go to the theatre or even attend a show is to discover themselves.This means they want to come to a self-understanding and fulfilment.Human nature leads us to be original and theatre is the perfect outlet for people to be original and to understand themselves. For many people，theatre also gives a purpose for life.Human beings naturally want to express themselves，and theatre is the most expressive art form.“This is why theatre is important：because it presents a reflective vision of a life that is vastly more fascinating than the one in which we're stuck.”—Lemony Snicket. Live theatre is as significant today as it was millennia (数千年) ago when our distant ancestors would gather around the fire to hear stories.Today we still gather in groups to hear stories being told，listen to music and put our demons in perspective.As a species，we have always turned to theatrical presentations to explore the unknown and explain our fears and concerns in an entertaining way.Theatre can also simply entertain，but there are few light “entertainments” which don't include an underlying message. Today we are surrounded by other options for entertainment，like films，video，and online streaming.But theatre is a very different experience.While cinema is pre-recorded，perfected by thousand shots of the same scene and editing effects，one might say what you see in theatre is raw，more organic.You surely can't make Avengers：Endgame the same in a live event.But，the connection of the actor to the audience that makes Iago's speech，or Hamlet's speech what it is，is just not the same on film. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。戏剧有自己的文化，是揭露问题的有力媒介，可以帮助社会更好地运作。人们去看戏的主要原因是发现自我。作为一个物种，人们总是转向戏剧演出来探索未知，并以一种娱乐的方式来解释恐惧和担忧。 9．What can theatre bring to society? A．Solutions to racial issues. B．Development of media. C．Fulfilment of individuals. D．Exposure of social problems. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theatre has a culture of its own and is a powerful medium for exposing problems.Plays are sometimes attempting to spread awareness about problems like racism，sexism，etc.”可知，戏剧有自己的文化，是揭露问题的有力媒介，有时试图传播对种族主义、性别歧视等问题的认识。由此可知，戏剧可以揭露社会问题，故选D。 答案　D 10．Why did the author quote the words from Lemony Snicket? A．To show the purpose of life. B．To express the nature of humans. C．To strengthen the function of theatre. D．To present a different point of view. 解析　推理判断题。根据题干中的Lemony Snicket将答案定位在第三段。第三段前两句讲到“对许多人来说，戏剧让他们知道生活的意义。人类天生想要表达自己，而戏剧是最具表现力的艺术形式”。接着作者引用 Lemony Snicket的话，说明戏剧之所以重要是因为它展示了一种对生活的反思。由此可推知，作者引用Lemony Snicket的话是为了佐证第三段第一句“For many people，theatre also gives a purpose for life”这一观点，即强化戏剧的功能。C项中的strengthen在此意为“支持，强化(论点或论据)，使更有说服力”。故选C。 答案　C 11．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．People tend to watch films than plays. B．Cinema and theatre have a lot in common. C．Films feature an original way of art. D．Theatre brings people live experience. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While cinema is pre-recorded，perfected by thousand shots of the same scene and editing effects，one might say what you see in theatre is raw，more organic”可知，虽然电影是预先录制的，由同一场景的数千个镜头和编辑效果完善，但有人可能会说，在戏剧中看到的是未经处理的、更自然的。由此可知，戏剧带给人们现场体验。D项中的“live experience”是对原文“raw，more organic”的同义转换。故选D。 答案　D 12．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The types of theatre. B．The power of theatre. C．The challenges of theatre. D．The evolution of theatre. 解析　文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇讲戏剧有自己的文化，是揭露问题的有力媒介，它帮助社会更好地运行，激发人们的热情，接着第二段介绍人们去看戏的主要原因是发现自我，第三段说明戏剧让人们知道生命的意义，第四段介绍现场演出的戏剧的重要性，最后一段强调戏剧不同于电影，它带给人们现场体验。由此可知，本文主要介绍了戏剧的力量，故B项最适合作本文标题。 答案　B [二次精读] 核心 单词 passion n.强烈情感，激情；酷爱　outlet n.(感情、思想、精力发泄的)出路，表现机会　fulfillment n.满足感；实现　vision n.构想，设想，念头　expressive adj.富于表情的，有表现力的　reflective adj.体现……的，反映……的；沉思的，深思的　underlying adj.根本的，潜在的，隐含的　raw adj.天然的；原始的，未经处理的 熟词 生义 (1)original常用义：adj.原来的，起初的，最早的　文章义：adj.有独创力的 (2)presentation(Para.4)常用义：n.展示，呈现，描述；授予，颁发，赠送　文章义：n.戏剧演出 (3)shot常用义：n.射击，开枪(或炮)，枪(或炮)声　文章义：n.(电影中的)镜头 (4) organic adj.常用义：有机的；绿色的　文章义：自然的，逐渐的，演进的 核心 短语 put sth in perspective正确地观察(或理解)事物 专题微练10　主旨大意题——段落大意类 [对应学生用书P152] A (2025·武汉调研)To Karanth，everyone in every part of the world is born with a fundamental connection to nature.Growing up in Karnataka，she began accompanying her father into the wild at just two years old.But in her hometown，kids grew up with a negative perspective on wildlife.Elephants destroyed crops and sometimes people were badly injured or killed.Karanth discovered kids wouldn't appreciate the fact that it's the best place to witness extraordinary animals. In 2017，a conversation with her friend Gabby shifted her mindset towards education.Within half a year，Karanth and Gabby had the first version of “Wild Shaale” on their hands.A program designed for students who come into frequent contact with wildlife，Wild Shaale aims to develop a genuine understanding of wildlife and wild spaces and move beyond wildlife tolerance to concepts of conservation and environmental issues.The conservation education program fills a gap in environmental learning. While it is fortunate that a basic environmental education is supported by local government，Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it's delivered effectively and consistently.“You have to visualize what these schools look like.They may not have electricity—forget having computers，internet，iPads，or anything.” Encouraging the students to find commonalities between themselves and the animals is the first step in changing perceptions and hopefully，behavior.“It comes down to the same things：we need food; we need water; we need space.Then they start to understand why situations of conflict arise.” Karanth says.“But then how do you convince them not to get angry，not to act in a way that leads to harm? That's something we're trying to work on.It's not easy.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Karanth和朋友Gabby通过“Wild Shaale”项目，改善当地学生对野生动物的认知，减少人类和野生动物之间的冲突。 1．What problem might Karanth's hometown have faced? A．Human-wildlife conflict. B．Loss of wildlife habitats. C．Overpopulation of elephants. D．Disregard for wildlife balance. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“But in her hometown，kids grew up with a negative perspective on wildlife.Elephants destroyed crops and sometimes people were badly injured or killed.”可知，在Karanth的家乡，孩子们对野生动物持有负面看法。大象会破坏庄稼，有时甚至伤害或杀死人。由此可知，Karanth的家乡可能面临过人与野生动物的冲突问题。A项中的conflict是对文中的destroyed，injured killed等词的概括。故选A。 答案　A 2．Why did Karanth launch the program Wild Shaale? A．To help students identify animals. B．To fill a gap in local education. C．To change how students perceive wildlife. D．To publicize wildlife diversity. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句中的“Wild Shaale aims to develop a genuine understanding of wildlife and wild spaces and move beyond wildlife tolerance to concepts of conservation and environmental issues.”可知，Wild Shaale 项目旨在培养对野生动物的容忍和野生空间的真正理解，转变为保护和环境问题核心在于改变学生的认知。C项与原文中的“to develop a genuine understanding of wildlife”是同义转换。故选C。 答案　C 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The support to the plan. B．The barrier to the program. C．The curriculum arrangement. D．The schools' conditions. 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段尤其是“Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it's delivered effectively and consistently.”可知，虽然基础环境教育得到了当地政府的支持，但Karanth认为，挑战在于课程的质量，以及课程是否能有效而持续地进行。由此可知，本段主要谈论的是项目面临的阻碍。B项中的 barrier与文中的challenge是同义转换。故选B。 答案　B 4．What is Karanth trying to achieve in the program? A．A shift in humans' attitudes and behavior. B．A breakthrough in environmental studies. C．Appropriate ways to end local conflict. D．Approaches to changing animals' behavior. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Encouraging the students...is the first step in changing perceptions and hopefully，behavior”和“how do you convince them not to get angry，not to act in a way that leads to harm? That's something we're trying to work on”可知，鼓励学生发现他们和动物之间的共同点是“改变观念，并且有望改变行为”的第一步。说服人们不要愤怒，不要以导致伤害的方式行动，这是项目正在努力解决的问题。A项与原文中的“changing perceptions and hopefully，behavior”是同义转换。故选A。 答案　A [二次精读] 核心 单词 fundamental adj.基本的，根本的 accompany n.陪伴，伴随 negative adj.消极的，负面的 perspective n.视角，观点 appreciate v.理解，明白 witness v.见证，目击 extraordinary adj.令人惊奇的 shift v.转变，改变 version n.描述，说法；版本，变体 tolerance n.容忍 genuine adj.真的，名副其实的 curriculum n.(学校等的)全部课程 consistently adv.一贯地，稳定地 visualize v.想象，可视化 conflict n.冲突　arise v.出现，产生 commonality n.共同性 perception n.认识，观念；感知，理解 核心 短语 come into contact with...和……接触　fill a gap填补空白，填补缺口　lie in在于 come down to归结为，降临到 长难句 分析 While it is fortunate that a basic environmental education is supported by local government，Karanth believes the challenge lies in the quality of the curriculum and whether it's delivered effectively and consistently. 分析：While引导让步状语从句，其中从句中的it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语；主句中 the challenge lies in...curriculum为省略that的宾语从句，和whether引导宾语从句构成并列的宾语从句，作believe的宾语。 译文：虽然幸运的是，基础环境教育得到了当地政府的支持，但Karanth认为，挑战在于课程的质量，以及课程是否能有效而持续地进行。 B (2025·浙江名校协作体联考)Cats always have a reputation for aloofness (高冷)，but a recent study suggests that you can improve your bond with them by using a simple trick：smile—not in the human way，but by narrowing your eyes and blinking slowly. When cats narrow their eyes and blink slowly，it's similar to how humans smile.This expression typically occurs when cats are relaxed and content，and it's often interpreted as a “cat smile.” Many cat owners have suspected that mimicking this behavior could signal friendliness and openness. To investigate，Karen McComb，a University of Sussex psychologist，conducted two experiments.In the first experiment，cat owners slow-blinked at 21 cats in their homes.When the cats were settled，the owners sat about a meter away and blinked slowly at them.Cameras recorded both the owner's and the cat's faces，and the results were compared to how cats blink with no human interaction.The results showed that the cats were more likely to slow-blink back after their owners had done so. The second experiment included 24 cats from eight different households.This time，it wasn't the owners doing the blinking but the researchers，who'd had no prior contact with the cat.They performed the slow-blink while extending a hand toward the cat.And they found that not only were the cats more likely to blink back，but they were also more likely to approach the human's hand after the human blinked. “This study is the first to experimentally investigate the role of slow blinking in cat-human communication，” McComb said.“And it is something you can try yourself with your own cat at home or with cats you meet in the street.It's a great way of enhancing the bond you have with cats.” Understanding how to communicate effectively with cats can not only help cat owners but also benefit cats in stressful environments like vet practices and shelters. So，the next time you're around a cat，remember to slow-blink and see how they respond! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，该研究探究了通过向猫缓慢眨眼是否能增进人与猫之间的关系。实验表明，模仿猫的慢眨眼动作可以促使猫作出友好回应。 5．When will cats narrow their eyes and blink slowly? A．When they are feeling relaxed and satisfied. B．When they are having a need for a good rest. C．When they are signaling a desire for attention. D．When they are suffering from stress and anxiety. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，猫在感到放松和满足时会眯起眼睛并缓慢眨眼。故选 A。 答案　A 6．What can we imply from the two experiments? A．Slow-blinking is a sign that cats are familiar with you. B．Cats are indifferent to human gestures and expressions. C．Cats prefer to interact with their owners and ignore strangers. D．Mimicking a cat's slow-blink encourages a friendly response. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段最后一句可推知，模仿猫的慢眨眼动作可以促使猫作出友好回应。故选D。 答案　D 7．What is paragraph 5 mainly focused on? A．The limitations of the study. B．The significance of the study. C．The methodology of the study. D．The implications for future research. 解析　段落大意题。第五段主要强调了这项研究的意义。故选B。 答案　B 8．What might be the best title of the text? A．Training Cats for Communication. B．Connecting with Cats through Eyes. C．Investigating the Psychology of Cats. D．Understanding Cats' Responses to Humans. 解析　标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究探究了通过向猫缓慢眨眼是否能增进人与猫之间的关系。实验表明，模仿猫的慢眨眼动作可以促使猫作出友好回应。B项“通过眼睛与猫建立联系”最能概括文章的主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选 B。 答案　B [二次精读] 核心单词 narrow v.眯起　blink v.眨眼 　content adj.满意的 　interpret v.解读，解释 suspect v.怀疑，觉得 mimic v.模仿(某人的言行举止) household n.家庭 prior adj.以前的　enhance v.增强 派生词汇 stress n.压力→stressful adj.压力大的；紧张的 核心短语 extend a hand伸手 C (2025·贵阳质检)Crying is often thought of as an expression of wild emotions.But this is yet another contradiction：In fact，crying can be a powerful tool to adjust our feelings，to maintain a deep calmness in our emotional life.It can bring balance，peace and，just maybe，even a touch of pleasure. Crying is very common，and typically human.Although many species call out in pain to signal a need for help，only humans weep，with tears，for emotional reasons and not because of eye irritation (眼部刺激).As the Dutch psychologist Ad Vingerhoets has recorded in his research，two causes of negative crying are extremely consistent across populations and cultures：helplessness and loss. Occasionally，though，we weep for joy.Scholars find it perplexing，because it seems counterintuitive (违反直觉的) that we would respond to overwhelmingly positive emotions with a negative expression.New research conducted in several countries found that happy crying tended to occur on four occasions：times of extraordinary affection，such as weddings (55 percent of positive crying，on average); moments of unusual achievement，such as winning an award (29 percent); awe in the face of beauty，such as exquisite music (8 percent); and intense amusement (3 percent).Classifying it，though，doesn't make it seem any more logical. There may，in fact，be a deeper connection between happy crying and sad crying：They are both a response to emotional extremes，which suggests that tears help bring us back to balance.Overwhelming negative emotions is important—even lifesaving—in a crisis like being separated from loved ones or being under threat; it creates the impulse to act with force or immediacy.But staying in this state isn't helpful beyond the immediate crisis (nor is it pleasant)，so we seek to reduce stress and improve our mood—which crying can do quite effectively. Emotional balance is good for well-being：Though strong feelings are inevitable，having excessive and persistent emotional highs and lows is clearly not associated with good mental health.In this sense，crying is definitely a good way to protect us from extreme emotions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了哭泣可以是调节情绪的强大工具，让我们在感情上保持平静，还介绍了因高兴哭泣和因悲伤哭泣的不同情况和关联。 9．What are the same causes of negative crying among different people? A．Anger and hate. B．Disgrace and despair. C．Helplessness and loss. D．Weakness and sadness. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“two causes of negative crying are...helplessness and loss”可知，在不同的人群和文化中，消极哭泣有两个触发因素是高度一致的，那就是无助和失落，故答案为C。 答案　C 10．What does the underlined word “perplexing” probably mean? A．Promising. B．Inspiring. C．Moving. D．Confusing. 解析　词义猜测题。画线词后的原因状语从句解释了学者这样认为的原因，即因为我们在以一种消极的情绪表达应对汹涌澎湃的积极情绪，而这似乎有悖常理。所以学者发现“我们偶尔会喜极而泣”是令人费解的，画线词与confusing 意思相同，故选D。 答案　D 11．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Reasons for happy crying. B．Responses to happy crying. C．Times of unusual affection. D．Occasions for negative emotions. 解析　段落大意题。第三段第一句谈到我们偶尔会喜极而泣，然后谈到了因高兴哭泣的四个时刻，所以该段主要说明了新的研究发现的因高兴而哭泣的四个原因，故答案为A。 答案　A 12．What do we know about crying? A．Reducing stress leads to negative emotions. B．Happy and sad crying share no similarities. C．Staying in a negative emotion is beneficial. D．Happy crying is deeply related to sad crying. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There may，in fact，be a deeper connection between happy crying and sad crying...bring us back to balance”可知，事实上，在快乐的哭泣和悲伤的哭泣之间可能有更深层的联系；它们都是对极端情绪的反应，这表明眼泪有助于我们重返情绪平衡状态，故答案为D。 答案　D [二次精读] 核心 单词 typically adv.典型地　consistent adj.一致的 overwhelmingly adv.压倒性地，极其 exquisite adj.精美的，美丽的；剧烈的，强烈的 classify v.将……分类，归类　 impulse n.冲动　inevitable adj.难以避免的 excessive adj.过度的，过多的 persistent adj.持续的 派生 词汇 contradict v.反驳；相抵触，相矛盾，相反→contradiction n.(事实、看法、行动等的)不一致，矛盾；反驳，驳斥→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的　calm adj.镇静的v.使平静，使镇静→calmness n.平静，宁静　immediate adj.即时的→immediacy n.即时性，直接性 核心 短语 be thought of as...被认为是…… a touch of一点 under threat受到/面临威胁 emotional highs and lows情感跌宕起伏　 in this sense在这种意义上 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $