第2部分 阅读理解 实战演练（Word练习）-【艺术生百日冲刺】2026高考英语艺术生基础生文化课成功方案

高考有多难，我想去看看！其实一点也不难！ 1 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，A) Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.　 AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan.15 10：00 a．m.－1：00 p．m. Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan.22 10：00 a．m.－2：30 p．m. Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9：30 a．m.－2：30 p．m. Coyote Ridge Trailhead [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了栖息地恢复团队(Habitat Restoration Team)的活动、目标、参与者的要求和即将举行的活动。 1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A．To discover mineral resources. B．To develop new wildlife parks. C．To protect the local ecosystem. D．To conduct biological research. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.”及“Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.”可知，栖息地恢复团队的目标是帮助恢复和保护马林地区的自然环境。故选C。 2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5.　　　　　　　B．10. C．15. D．18. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据AGE，SKILLS，WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知，加入栖息地恢复团队的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B。 3．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据AGE，SKILLS，WHAT TO BRING部分中的“We'll be working rain or shine.”可知，即使在恶劣的天气条件下志愿者们也需要工作。故选B。 2 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，A) Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09：00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09：00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at nighttime is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18：30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this wellsurfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11：45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。 1．Which walk takes the shortest time? A．The Natural World. B．Introduction to Hillwalking. C．Moonlight Under the Stars. D．Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 【解析】　D　细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D。 2．What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A．Wear proper clothes. B．Join a walking club. C．Get special permits. D．Bring a survival guide. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加。)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。 3．What do the four walks have in common? A．They involve difficult climbing. B．They are for experienced walkers. C．They share the same start point. D．They are scheduled for the weekend. 【解析】　D　细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D。 3 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，B) “I am not crazy，” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber，a graduate of Colorado State University，started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried musclerelaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了William Farber博士在兽医界使用针灸和其他非传统治疗方法治疗动物的经历。文章通过他的个人经历、对针灸的看法以及治疗效果的实例，展示了整体医学(holistic medicine)在兽医领域的潜力和应用。 1．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? A．He's odd.　　 　　B．He's strict. C．He's brave. D．He's rude. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知，Farber的一些同事认为他的方法不同寻常，可能认为他有些古怪，unusual与odd为同义替换。故选A。 2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 【解析】　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain...Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.”可推知，Farber博士用针灸治好了自己很严重的腰痛，自己从针灸中受了益，因此他决定在宠物身上尝试。故选C。 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 【解析】　D　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段提到了两个案例，分别是Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie在针灸治疗后病情缓解，以及Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在按摩治疗后行动更自如，这些说明了整体医学(holistic medicine)的有效性。故选D。 4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber's point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection. 【解析】　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right”可知，本段开头介绍Farber博士的论点：整体医学将会越来越受欢迎。结合后文中的“Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.”可推知，后文用列举数据来证明Farber博士的观点。故选A。 4 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，C) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine__through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了在阅读方面，纸质书相比电子书、音频、视频，在信息的吸收、专注度、参与度方面都要胜出不少。为了支撑这个论点，作者用了很多理论和实证来证明自己的观点。 1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 【解析】　D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than on screen.”可知，前面的核心论点是当阅读字数较多时，纸质书相比电子屏幕在习得感方面更胜一筹。即当实验者把任务从易到难推进的时候，我们会发现纸质书的优势更加明显，因此画线词意为“(纸质书的优势)更容易被人注意到”。故选D。 2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.”可知，人们在对待电子文本时，他们的态度类似于对待社交媒体，不太严肃，且脑力投入相比阅读纸质材料要更少，因此他们没有严肃对待电子文本。treat sth. lightly不严肃对待某物。故选A。 3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies”可知，音频和视频相比文本来说更加让人投入，所以大学老师抓准了音频和视频的这点优势，在课堂上越来越青睐它们。engaging 让人投入的；吸引人的。故选A。 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【解析】　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”可推知，作者认为媒介带来的教育效果并不一样，而且，本文的中心是说纸质书在学习效果方面相比视频和音频更加明显，所以纸质文本不能完全在教育中被电子媒介所代替。故选C。 5 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，B) Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there's a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a oneminute, a threeminute, or a fiveminute story，” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receiptlike short story.” It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. “And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，” she says. And you'll never be without something to read. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。 1．Why did BART start the kiosk program? A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use. C．To meet passengers' needs. D．To reduce its running costs. 【解析】　C　推理判断题。根据第三段“‘You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a oneminute, a threeminute, or a fiveminute story，’says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit－known as BART. ‘You choose which length you want and it gives you a receiptlike short story.’(旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：‘你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。’)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C。 2．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A．By popularity. B．By length. C．By theme. D．By language. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘You choose which length you want and it gives you a receiptlike short story.’(‘你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。’)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B。 3．What has Trost been doing recently? A．Organizing a story contest. B．Doing a survey of customers. C．Choosing a print publisher. D．Conducting interviews with artists. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第五段“‘We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，’(‘我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事’)”以及“‘The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.’(‘获奖故事会进入我们的书报亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家。’)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入书报亭供乘客阅读。故选A。 4．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future? A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline. C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase. 【解析】　D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，’she says.(她说：‘归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。’)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D。 6 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon MicroFarm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new preseeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding singleuse plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 1．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires daytoday care. C．It cuts the farmtotable distance. D．It relies on farmer's markets. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro－Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了旅程。)”可知，巴比伦微型农场(BMF)进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 2．What information does the convenient app offer? A．Realtime weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of preseeded pods. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据。)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 3．What can be concluded about BMF employees? A．They have a great passion for sports. B．They are devoted to community service. C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D．They have a strong environmental awareness. 【解析】　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding singleuse plastic. ‘We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，’ said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：‘我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。’)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. 【解析】　A　主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon MicroFarm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了旅程。)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量。)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding singleuse plastic. ‘We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，’ said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：‘我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。’)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 7 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，D) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AIpowered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In__the__wrong__hands,__such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already supersmart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrowAI”to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence.This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI－the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinctionlevel event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone illintentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 【解析】　C　词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测画线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C。 2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a downtoearth writing style. C．It provides stepbystep instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals. 【解析】　B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B。 3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A．Observe existing regulations on it. B．Reconsider expert opinions about it. C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险。)”和文章倒数第二段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败。)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C。 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【解析】　A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AIpowered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).(考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战。)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书。)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 8 (2024·北京高考，A) The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week.Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly onehour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pairteacher meetings •One fiveminute final video Sign up! The signup and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable，the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流程以及注意事项的相关信息。 1．In the programme, students will ________． A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills 【解析】　D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题。)”可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。 2．To complete the programme, students are required to ________． A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分第二点“18 weekly onehour pair meetings(每周18次一小时的配对会议)”可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。 3．What do students need to do during the registration? A．Indicate their languages of interest. B．Select their own coursework. C．Make individual contact. D．Choose their partners. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据Sign up部分第一点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.(学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言。)”可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。 9 (2024·北京高考，B) When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art Olevel exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been overconfident. Now I'd been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn't let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice. One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I'd lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decadeslong taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Unanxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。 1．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. 【解析】　C　推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I'd been overconfident. Now I'd been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了。)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。 2．In her 30s, the author ________． A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法。)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习。)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 3．Which word would best describe the author's dream? A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining. 【解析】　B　推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I'd lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我找回我失去了的东西。)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Hard work is the mother of success. C．Dreams are the reflections of realities. D．Creative activities involve being confident. 【解析】　D　推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.(成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多。)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。 10 (2024·北京高考，C) The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question.We will probably never know whether it's true.We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18thcentury philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of thingsinthemselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions.Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain.No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent__on our social, cultural and psychological histories.Again，a black box.　 So，if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation？” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation.Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however.There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models，developing the “computer simulation” metaphorbased model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 1．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 【解析】　C　推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term ‘simulation hypothesis’ (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question.We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索‘模拟假说’这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C。 2．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 【解析】　B　词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语。)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测画线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B。 3．As for Kant's argument, the author is ________________________________________________________________________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 【解析】　A　推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18thcentury philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of thingsinthemselves that are unknowable.While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用。)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中。)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A。 4．It is implied in this passage that we should ________． A.compare the current models with the previous ones B.continue exploring the classical models in history C.stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D.turn simulations of the universe into realities up 【解析】　C　推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力。)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the ‘computer simulation’ metaphorbased model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于‘计算机模拟’隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C。 11 (2024·浙江高考，A) Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35minute handclapping, footstomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer：A River Adventure” has all the good stuff，including the fence painting，the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.That's the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children's Theatre of Cincinnati's original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10thgrader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages. He is a star act or of Children's Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz，” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”． McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky's Governor's School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children's Theatre. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。 1．Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”？ A．David Kisor. B．Joe McDonough. C．Nathan Turner. D．Robbie McMath. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A。 2．What can we learn about the two actors? A．They study in the same school. B．They worked together in “Ragtime”． C．They are experienced on stage. D．They became friends ten years ago. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10thgrader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages. He is a star act or of Children's Theatre, having played leading roles in ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’ and ‘The Wizard of Oz，’ and is fresh from Jersey Production ‘Ragtime’．(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of ‘Tom Sewyer’ when it was first performed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C。 3．What does Children's Theatre provide for teachers? A．Research funding. B．Training opportunities. C．Technical support. D．Educational resources. 【解析】　D　细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through ‘Tom Sawyer.’ For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children's Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D。 12 (2024·浙江高考，B) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more“young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street.So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”： any passerby can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable pricepoint encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I've discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。 1．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 【解析】　B　词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。 2．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice. C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。 3．What do we know about the “mini community library”？ A．It provides phone service for free. B．Anyone can contribute to its collection. C．It is popular among young readers. D．Books must be returned within a month. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a ‘mini community library’： any passerby can ‘borrow’ a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个‘迷你社区图书馆’：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上‘借’书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书。故选B。 4．Why did the author start to use the “library”？ A．He wanted to borrow some love stories. B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C．He found there were excellent free books. D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable pricepoint encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I've discovered some great books！(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。 13 (2024·全国甲卷，A) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST.We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and artmaking activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880－1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel.Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and PomPom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pompoms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节展示校园艺术创造力，提供各类艺术活动，培养审美情趣，提高艺术品味等。 1．What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B．It offers art courses for all ages. C．It presents recreational activities. D．It is a major tourist attraction. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and artmaking activities.”可知，ARTS FIRST艺术节展示了哈佛艺术社区的创造力，通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动等多种形式呈现。因此，它是一个展示娱乐活动的艺术节。故选C。 2．Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A．Light Awash in Watercolor. B．Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C．Wheel Throwing. D．Knitting and PomPom Making. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据Light Awash in Watercolor部分中的“Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists”可知，Light Awash in Watercolor这个活动涉及绘画技巧的实践和体验。因此，如果你对绘画感兴趣，可以选择这个活动。故选A。 3．What can you do together with Javier Marin? A．Practice a traditional dance. B．Make handcrafts. C．Visit a local museum. D．Feed invertebrates. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.”可知，Javier Marin的活动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此，你可以和Javier Marin一起制作手工艺品。故选B。 14 (2024·全国甲卷，B) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don't usually like.　 Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take__this__behavior__up__a__notch．Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it！　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以猫的叫声和行为显示情感和需要为例，介绍动物通过多种方式表达需求，体现了人与动物的和谐相处。 1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats. C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.”可知，猫通过不同的叫声表达自己的生存和情感需求，这表明猫的叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 2．How does a pet cat assess different situations? A．By listening for sounds. B．By touching familiar objects. C．By checking on smells. D．By communicating with other cats. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.”可知，猫通过嗅觉来评估环境。故选C。 3．Which best explains the phrase “take... up notch” in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster. C．Act strangely. D．Do better. 【解析】　D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take__this__behavior__up__a__notch．”可知，狗的取物习惯令人印象深刻，但猫在这方面……。结合后文内容可知，猫通过带回物品给主人来表示爱意。由此可推知，这种行为比狗的取物行为更进一步。因此，画线词意为“做得更好”。故选D。 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat. B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior. C．Have Fun with Your Cat. D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy. 【解析】　B　标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了猫的行为和它们如何通过不同的方式表达自己的需求和情感，帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为。因此，B项“Understanding Your Cat's Behavior(理解你的猫的行为)”最合适做本文标题。故选B。 15 (2024·全国甲卷，C) The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five governmentsponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, Xray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning，” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a twoweek trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由俄罗斯政府赞助的圣卢卡斯医疗列车为偏远地区的病人提供医疗援助。 1．How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A．It runs across countries. B．It reserves seats for the seniors. C．It functions as a hospital. D．It travels along a river. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，圣卢卡斯列车不接受普通乘客，只接收病人，并为乡村地区的病人提供基本的医疗服务。因此，它的功能类似于医院。故选C。 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A．It is heavily populated. B．It offers training for doctors. C．It is a modern city. D．It needs medical aid. 【解析】　D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，俄罗斯政府在贫困的农村地区采取了一些措施来解决公共医疗服务现代化的问题，包括视频预约医生和扩展财政援助项目以激励医生在偏远地区行医。这表明克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助，故选D。 3．How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A．About a year. B．About ten months. C．About two months. D．About two weeks. 【解析】　D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).”可知，圣卢卡斯列车每次补给可以持续大约两周。故选D。 4．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A．Appreciative.　　　　B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious. 【解析】　A　观点态度题。根据第五段中的“‘I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned... They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.’”可推知，Ducke对圣卢卡斯列车提供的服务表示赞赏。故选A。 16 (2024·全国甲卷，D) “I didn't like the ending，” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters，endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that's hard.It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters. That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won't tell you what your ending should be—that's up to you and the story you're telling—but it might provide what you need to get there. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位学生在教授的启发下重新思考文学作品的结局意义。 1．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report. C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在大学三年级时正在进行一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究，并刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，去找教授讨论小说的结局。故选A。 2．What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie? A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B．Readers are often carried away by characters. C．Each type of literature has its unique ending. D．A story which begins well will end well. 【解析】　C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者在教授的启发下意识到，不同类型的文学作品有其特有的结局。如果想要一个结局保证是幸福的，就读爱情小说；如果想要一个猜不出的结局，就读悬疑小说。故选C。 3．What is expected of a good ending? A．It satisfies readers' taste. B．It fits with the story development. C．It is usually positive. D．It is open for imagination. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，一个好的结局需要平衡创造性和不可预测性，同时又不能显得突兀，还需要符合角色的发展。故选B。 4．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A．To give examples of great novelists. B．To stress the theme of this issue. C．To encourage writing for the magazine. D．To recommend their new books. 【解析】　B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期Writer's Digest杂志的主题，即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好的结尾。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $