第2部分 4.阅读理解题之词句猜测（PPT课件）-【艺术生百日冲刺】2026高考英语艺术生基础生文化课成功方案

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“阅读理解”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了词句猜测、代词指代、综合推理三大核心考查维度，通过对代词指代题“明确位置—分析含义—替换检验”三步法的拆解，以及综合推理题“返回原文分析语法逻辑—归纳总结匹配选项”的策略提炼，结合高考真题明确了代词指代、词义猜测等高频考点的命题规律，构建了系统的解题思路体系。 课件的亮点在于“方法具象化+考点针对性+素养融合”的备考设计，如针对代词指代题，以真题例句示范“前句定位—关系代词辨析—替换验证”的实操步骤，培养学生的逻辑思维和语言理解能力；针对词句猜测题，强调结合上下文语境与构词法推断含义，落实语言能力素养。特设“易错步骤警示”和“真题变式训练”，学生可通过高仿真练习熟练解题流程，教师能据此精准定位学生薄弱环节，实现复习教学的提质增效。

第二部分　阅读理解 四、阅读理解题之词句猜测 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 目录 contents Part 02 2025年最新高考题 Part 03 实战演练 Part 04 模拟考场 Part 01 经典解读 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 经 典 解 读 返回导航 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 谢谢观看 第二部分　阅读理解 返回导航 1 词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 法法一 词义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义 词汇含义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，猜测词句能力的高低直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。设问方式多以如下形式出现： 1．What does the word “nuances” underlined in paragraph 2 most probably mean？(2025·北京卷·29) 2．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean？(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·28) 3．What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean？(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·29) 4．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean？(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·30) 5．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph？(2023·浙江卷1月·24) 下面介绍巧用逻辑关系、语法关系、构词法和上下文语境猜测词汇含义。 一、4种逻辑关系助力词义猜测 【真题体验】　(2025·全国一卷·26) As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health­related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments，a personal­narrative unit followed by a creative­writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering．The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Mixed.　　　　B．Amazing. C.Similar. D．Disturbing. 【解析】　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories...touched my heart.”可知，这一次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事每篇10到20页长，角色既拓宽了作者的视野，又触动了作者的内心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是令人惊叹的，故画线词与B项的含义最为接近。A项“混合的”；C项“相似的”；D项“令人不安的”均不符合语境。故选B。 【答案】　B 二、5种语法关系助力词义猜测 【真题体验】　(2023·全国甲·B片段) Terri Bolton is a_dab_hand when it comes to DIY(do­it­ yourself)．Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 24．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist.　　　 B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 【解析】　词义猜测题。 根据画线短语后文对该短语的解释“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可推知，此处指Terri Bolton是一位DIY高手。C项“a specialist”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。 【答案】　C 三、3种构词法助力词义猜测 例如：A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. 分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。 四、上下文语境助力词义猜测 有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。 【真题体验】　(2025·浙江卷1月·28) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden，and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools，it's based on an elegantly simple principle：to garden more like nature does. 28．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. 【解析】　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“it's based on an elegantly simple principle：to garden more like nature does”可知，“矩阵式”种植方法基于一个简单的原则，即更加像大自然一样地种植花木。结合常识可知，自然种植不会用到化肥和电动工具，故画线词的意思与B项“远离”最为接近。run out of“用完，耗尽”；put up with“容忍，忍受”；take advantage of“利用”。故选B。 【答案】　B 技法二 代词指代题——“就近原则”判指代 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问方式多以如下形式出现： 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to？(2020·新高考Ⅰ，29题) 2．What does “I” refer to in the text？(2019·全国Ⅱ，21题) 解此类试题常用“就近原则”巧判断。解题流程如下： 【真题体验】　(2025·全国二卷·26) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy. 【解析】　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids”和下一句“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可知，it指代的是一种会让学生感到老师不关注他们学业的行为。结合上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead.”可知，有些老师不给孩子们任何作业，这种行为会让孩子们觉得老师不关注他们的学业，故C项应该是it指代的具体内容。disservice“损害”。故选C。 【答案】　　C 技法三 句意猜测题——意义吻合推句意 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。设问方式多以如下形式出现： What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean？(2019·浙江，24题) 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对画线句子进行解释性的描述。其解题流程如下： 【真题体验】　(2019·浙江·B片段) Money_with_no_strings_attached．It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.” 24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Money spent without hesitation. B．Money not legally made. C．Money offered without conditions. D．Money not tied together. 【解析】　句意猜测题。根据下文的内容尤其是木板上写的“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”可知，钉在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。 【答案】　C 1 (2025·全国一卷，A) The greening of planes，trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy­related greenhouse gas emissions.Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green，cheap and powerful，but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled，but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. This energy transition (变革) is global，and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind­blowing”， says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately，analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy，and it will all get used，” says Wipke. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要围绕全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型展开，说明不同交通方式有特定燃料需求，全球能源转型中可再生能源需求巨大。 1．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%.　　　　　B．45.1%. C.74.5%. D．86.1%. 【解析】　C　数据分析题。根据文中第一张图中的相关数据“ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%”和“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总占比为45.1%＋29.4%＝ 74.5%。故选C。 2．Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B．Trucks. C.Trains. D．Ships. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据文中第二张图中“TRAINS—Electricity”部分的描述可知，火车使用电能作为能源，一些火车已经实现了电气化，其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电气化。相对图中描述的飞机、卡车和轮船的燃料转型，火车绿色转型更简单。故选C。 3．What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据文中最后一段Wipke的话“We need to speed up...used”可知，Wipke认为需要加快绿色能源的发展，绿色能源将全部投入使用。B项“加大对可再生能源的投入”与文意相符。故选B。 2 (2025·全国二卷，A) English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes.Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford，Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting the town square，you'll find lovely shops，eateries，and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It's also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow，Shropshire Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England.Butcher shops，greengrocers，bakeries，and cheese shops line the town square.Bordering the square，the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.The three­day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September. Shrewsbury，Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant turn through town， almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere—hanging baskets，window boxes，and planters—just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. Mevagissey，Cornwall Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey，you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor­side markets.Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It's delicious. [语篇解读]　这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了英国四个特色集镇，每个集镇均以市场贸易为核心，同时具备独特的历史文化特色或自然景观。 1．Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A.In the Ludlow Castle. B.In the Foodie Center of England. C.In the Hereford Cathedral. D.In the Black and White House Museum. 【解析】　C　细节理解题。根据Hereford，Herefordshire部分中的“The Hereford Cathedral...One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知，《大宪章》的原件展示在赫里福德大教堂。故选C。 2．What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A.It's situated near a big island. B.It's almost surrounded by water. C.It's known for its flower festival. D.It's easily accessible from London. 【解析】　B　细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury，Shropshire部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town，almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知，塞文河在镇里有一个显著的转弯，几乎使什鲁斯伯里镇中心成为一个岛屿。由此可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。B项“它几乎被水包围”。故选B。 3．What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey? A.Try the Cornish pie. B.Watch a British TV show. C.Go fishing in the sea. D.Take pictures of the harbor. 【解析】　A　细节理解题。根据Mevagissey，Cornwall部分中的“Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It's delicious.”可知，作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西尝试传统的康沃尔馅饼。故选A。 $