2026届上海市徐汇区高三上学期英语一模英语试卷

2025学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语 试卷 (考试时间105分钟满分115分)》 2025.12 I.Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in cach blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. By the mid-21st century,the term"nose job"had been completely redefined.No longer referring to simple cosmetic surgery,it now described a radical procedure to augment the human sense of smell,1 (grant)individuals olfactory (powers equivalent to a bloodhound's.This was achieved by boosting the number of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity (from the human standard of 6 million to over 100 million. The procedure itself was intensely complex.It involved temporarily removing the nose,scraping its internal tissue, and refilling it with a transplant of the patient's own programmed stem cells.These cells2(design)to differentiate into vast numbers of new olfactory cells.When the nose was reattached,neural stem cells grew.forging new connections to the brain's olfactory bulb.3(accommodate)this new hardware,most patients accepted a slightly larger,more bulbous nose,4a minority even opted for a "wet"nose modification to enhance scent trapping,much like a dog's. The post-opcrative period was a critical and challenging transition.New "supersniffers"were initially isolated in scent-free clean rooms,as their new ability was overwhelmingly powerful.They5 detect human stress levels, menstrual cycles,remnants of past meals,and even the health of plants.Patients were gradually exposed to richer olfactory stimuli,and their brains,aided by drugs that increased neural plasticity.6(leam)to rewire themselves to interpret this flood of new sensory data. The reasons for 7 (undergo)the augmentation were as varicd as the scents it revealed.Many sought it for professional advancement.Chefs created more exquisite dishes,detectives could assess the precise timeline of a crime scene,and diplomats could detect lies and hidden emotions in negotiations with uncanny accuracy.Ecologists could literally sniff out the health of an ccosystem,sensing soil conditions and plant vitality,8 revolutionized restoration efforts. In healthcare,the benefits were profound.Caregivers and doctors could understand a patient's physical and mental state 9 unprecedented clarity,and augmented individuals played a crucial role in early disease detection, identifying conditions like cancer or Parkinson's through subtle scent markers. While some used their new ability for trivial or canine-like greetings,most applied it thoughtfully.In an age increasingly dominated by artificial intelligence,this augmentation was seen as a profoundly human enhancement.It opened a door to a richer.10(decply)felt expericnce of the world-a sensory realm of cmotion and conncction that remained inaccessible to machines,making those who underwent it feel more truly alive. Section B Direetions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.typically B.inevitable C.transmission D.circulating E.identified F.symptoms G.hospitable H.landscape I.unusually J.emerged K.signals The emergence of the deadly Usutu virus in the UK,which is devastating blackbird populations,serves as a stark warning that mosquito-borne diseases are gaining a foothold in the country,a trend significantly driven by a warming climate.This development not only threatens wildlife but also 11 a growing potential risk to human health. Originating in South Africa in 1959,the Usutu virus has become widespread across Europe and was first 12 in the UK in 2020.Its impact has been severe,with blackbird numbers in hotspots like London dropping by over 40% since 2018.As ornithologist (Hugh Hanmer notes,this dramatic decline was directly correlated with the virus's arrival.While Usutu itself poses a relatively low risk to people-13causing only mild,flu-like symptoms-its establishment in the UK is a significant milestone.It marks the first time a mosquito-borne virus capable of jumping from animals to humans has 14 within the country's local animal populations.This makes it a crucial case study for virologists(病毒争家)，providing a template for how other,,more dangerous viruses might spread. The primary concern is West Nile virus,a close relative of Usutu.Both viruses share the same 15method, environmental requirements,and hosts.The same mosquito species that carry Usutu can transmit West Nile,and the same birds act as reservoirs for both.This parallel is alarming because West Nile is far more dangerous to humans. While only about 20%of infected people show16,thesc can include severe fever,headache,and vomiting,and in rare cases,the infection can be fatal.There is no human vaccine. Climate change is the key accelerator in this story.Warmer summer temperatures have facilitated the northward spread of West Nile through Europe.The Netherlands offers a worrying precedent:Usutu was detected there in 2016, and West Nile virus followed just four years later.UK officials fear a similar pattern,as studics confirm the nation's climate is becoming increasingly 17 to these viruses.In response,the UK's Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)launched a tracking program in 2023 to monitor Usutu and other viruses in wild birds.This surveillance ( infrastructure is vital,aiming to detect viruses 18 in animals before they spill over into the human population. Experts like Reina Sikkema in Rotterdam believe a UK detection of West Nile is now almost 19.While cooler climates may currently keep it in check,rising temperatures,particularly warmer nights,could create the perfect conditions for it to flare up in the coming years,changing the public health 20 of northern Europe. II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For cach blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in cach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Before Yuri Gagarin and that first generation of astronauts breached Earth's atmosphere to start a new era in space, nobody really knew just how humans would fare,either mentally or physically,in low Earth orbit. In thosc carly days,data was collected from probes and a selection of 21,but until that pionccring gencration flew,no one could say how astronauts would react.The medical profession is still researching the22of space on the body today,both when in space and the after-effects upon returning to Earth. Of all the medical 23 facing life in space,the most fundamental remains the effects of weightlessness.John Glenn,the first American to orbit the Earth said that he "found weightlessness to be extremely 24 " Ironically for Glenn,it wasn't until an incident two years after returning from space that a more in-depth level of medical inspection was triggered.When Glenn 25 a head injury after a fall in a hotel bathroom,the dizzy spells he was suffering highlighted inner-ear issues he'd sustained while in space.26,they raised further questions about his health and how weightlessness had affected it,such as the strain placed on cardiovascular (and circulatory systems. Since the 1960s,studies conducted on those who've spent time in space have revealed a whole range of medical 27.One paper revealed that on missions lasting six months or longer,an astronaut will experience bone density loss that is 28 to several decades of ageing.29 this is one of the reasons why crews on the International Space Station need to exercise for two hours every day. Research has also confirmed changes to vision,a compromised immune system,digestive issues and elevated long-term cancer risks.30 space flight could also lead to cognitive decline,plus the onset of depression and anxicty. However,while Glenn's bathroom fall 31sparked a series of rigorous investigations from ground-based doctors,tracking the health effects of space has moved to the environment that causes them:space itself,and the spacecraft and orbiting platforms where longer-term research can be carried out. In the intervening years,there have been thousands of medical research projects on human health in space.For example,in 1989 two physicians on board Space Shuttle Atlantis(STS-34)32 to establish a link between cranial (pressure and motion sickness.In 1995,Mir Principal Expedition 18 saw a joint US-Russian medical research project to investigate the effects of weightlessness.And in 2023,members of Expedition 70 on board the International Space Station 33 how weightlessness impacts the neck,shoulders and leg veins. However,regardless of what space has thrown at us then and now,the driving force to overcome any34 medical problem remains unshaken:our existence as a species beyond the day when Earth's time is finally done,depends upon it.It's one thing to assemble the hardware to propel humankind to Mars and 35 beyond the Red Planct;the state of our health when we arrive is another. 21.A.humans B.animals C.insects D.birds 22.A.effects B.causes C.lives D.secretes 23.A.achievements B.challenges C.anticipations D.temptations 24.A.unpleasant B.ridiculous C.impressive D.enjoyable 25.A.created B.made C.obtained D.sustained 26.A.Finally B.Unusually C.Soon D.Later 27.A.achievements B.treatments C.concerns D.experiments 28.A.necessary B.awkward C.equivalent D.reluctant 29.A.Measuring B.Combatting C.Implying D.Discouraging 30.A.Prolonged B.Exploited C.Triggered D.simulated 31.A.unintentionally B.uncommonly C.unfortunately D.unnecessarily 32.A.applied B.declined C.bothered D.sought 33.A.inquired B.responded C.monitored D.assembled 34.A.illegal B.financial C.potential D.preventive 35.A.immediately B.particularly C.occasionally D.possibly Section B Direetions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.B.C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Ostriches versus emus:what's the difference? Ostriches and emus have much in common.They are both absolutely enormous.At 2.5m tall and weighing 130kg,ostriches are the biggest of all living birds,and emus are close runners up.Besides,both are incapable of flight,with wings that serve only as balancing aids while running. The differences are perhaps not as obvious as you might expect, considering they've been evolving independently for about 50 million years.Certainly,their plumage (is different.Male ostriches are black-white-and-pink birds,while the slightly smaller females are more uniformly brown.Male and female emus are more similar,with shaggy,brown plumage that hangs like a grass-skirt,and a sweep of blue skin on the neck. Should you ever need to identify them from a footprint,an ostrich has two toes on each foot,while an emu has three. And an ostrich's cgg is creamy in colour,while an emu's is green.(Ostriches lay the biggest cggs of any living bird, though,relative to body size,they are the smallest.) The reproductive lives of both are rather unusual.Among ostriches,many females will lay eggs in a single nest that is tended by a resident pair.And emus avoid sex-role conventions-it's the females that do the courting (and the males that do the bulk of the parenting. Ostriches and emus live on different continents (Africa and Australia,respectively).They are.however,closely related.Both are members of a group called the ratites ()which also includes other large,flightless (and funny) specics,such as the rheas of South America and the cassowaries of New Guinea,but also the kiwis of New Zealand, which are much smaller,but no more capable of flight (and no less comical).New Zealand was also once home to the extinct moas,which were only slightly smaller than the elephant birds of Madagascar (also extinct).the biggest birds that have ever lived.at well over 3m tall. Then there are the tinamous of the Americas.On the face of it,these grouse-like birds look nothing like ratites,and yet skeletal and genetic similarities suggest they are the closest living relatives of the moas.Intriguingly,tinamous can fly,which suggests that the other ratites became flightless only after they all went their separate ways. 36.Which of the following is a key physical difference between an ostrich and an emu that could be used for identification? A.The density of their feathering. B.The structure of their wings. C.The number of toes on their feet. D.Their overall height and weight. 37.What can be inferred from the passage about the ability to fly within the ratite group? A.All ratites,including kiwis,have completely lost the ability to fly. B.The tinamous suggest that the common ancestors of ratites could likely fly. C.Moas and elephant birds became extinct because they could not fly. D.Emus and ostriches are the only ratites that use their wings for balancing. 38.Based on the overall passage,what is the author's main purpose in comparing ostriches and emus? A.To argue that they are more different than they are similar. B.To explain the uniqueness of the group of flightless birds. C.To provide a simple guide for telling the two species apart D.To detail the evolutionary history that led to their flightlessness. (B) As early as 2,700 years ago.a herdswoman who lived in the arid()stretches of northwest China was buried in a coat made of animal hides ()woolen pants,and leather boots.Dressed to ride.she was also buried with her leather saddle(马鞍). Found in the Yanghai cemetery (near Turpan and dated to between 700 and 400 b.c..this saddle,the oldest yet found.challenges assumptions about who was using such gear.and for what purpose. The find was "a surprise,"according to Patrick Wertmann of the University of Zurich,lead author of a study of the saddle,published in Archaeological Research in Asia.Saddle finds are rare,as their organic components often decay. Other kinds of horse gear.such as bridles and bits,are more commonly found,but they do not necessarily indicate saddle usage. Until the Yanghai find,the oldest known saddles belonged to the Pazyryk culture,centered on the Altay area of Kazakhstan and Russia to the north of Yanghai and Turpan. Although the Pazyryk saddles have been indirectly dated to the fifth century b.c.,Wertmann considers that the Pazyryk culture had pioneered saddle use centuries earlier. "Horse riding was probably introduced to northwest China from the Pazyryk region,and it's possible that saddles also arrived that way,"he told History.However,until such carlier specimens are found (or the fifth-century b.c.saddles are redated and found to be older),the Yanghai saddle is considered to be the world's oldest yet recovered. Preserved by the region's arid climate,the Yanghai saddle offers rich insights into early horse-riding technology and the socicty that created it.Its two wing-shaped hides,filled with a mixture of straw,deer hair,and camel hair,were sewn together along the outer edges and SCULPTURES WITH separated by a section without stuffing (known as the gullet),which eased the SADDLES AND STIRRUPS pressure on the horse's spine. The emergence of such designs reveals "the increasing care about the comfort and safety of the rider,and the health of the horse,"said Wertmann. from 1191-1148 8.C.wearing simple mats rather than saddles.A bronze mirror dating from 770 to Greater comfort made it possible to travel longer distances,increasing interaction 256gc.featuresa decorative rider onahorse with with different people."Unlike the younger finds from the elite Scythian burials. a saddle simitar to the one found at Yanghai The addles on the famous Qin dynasty terra-cotta this early saddle was made from inexpensive materials and used by a common cavairy horses (246to 208 B.C)are more sophis ticated,resembling Scythian dosign.Perhaps the woman."Wertmann's study notes."Yet it is testimony to the same mastery of most famous-and colorful-are the figurines made during the Tang dynasty craftsmanship." (A.D.618-907).Byth When people began to ride horses and when they began to use saddles are time saddle blankets and stirrups ofter much debated topics.One study suggests horseback riding originated in what is appear,as shown in today Romania,Bulgaria,and Hungary around3000 b.c.In the centuries before this image. the saddle emerged,horse riders rode bareback or sat on mats or blankets. The Yanghai saddle also shakes assumptions that horse-riding saddles were used solely by men for military purposes."The discovery of this saddle inside the tomb of a woman suggests that women participated in the everyday activitics of mounted pastoralists,which included herding and traveling,"said Wertmann. 39.According to the passage,the owner of the world's oldest known saddle was most likely a A.male warrior from the Pazyryk culture B.female herdsman from northwest China C.Scythian noblewoman D.horse-riding pioneer from Kazakhstan 40.What is the main significance of the Yanghai saddle discovery as emphasized in the passage? A.It proves that horseback riding originated in China. B.It reveals the high cost and elite status of its owner. C.It challenges previous assumptions about saddle users and purposes. D.It demonstrates the superior preservation techniques of the Yanghai people. 41.The underlined word "wing-shaped"in the description of the saddle (paragraph 7)most likely refers to the hides being A.shaped like wings to help the horse run faster B.sewn together without any stuffing in the middle C.filled with a mixture of different animal hairs D.shaped to curve upwards on either side of the horse's spine 42. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.The Yanghai saddle is made of expensive materials,indicating the high status of its owner. B.The Pazyryk saddles are now confirmed to be older than the Yanghai saddle. C.The design of the Yanghai saddle shows consideration for the horse's well-being. D.Before this discovery,it was assumed that saddles were first used by women for herding (C) Tapping out a message with a finger or two on a smartphone is catching up to the speed of typing on a traditional keyboard. Two-thumbed mobile typists generated an average of about 38 words per minute,according to what researchers describe as the largest experiment to date on mobile typing.That's still a quarter less than the 51.56 word-per-minute average in physical keyboard users,but the gap isn't as big as expected,rescarchers said,adding that they were"amazed" by the results. Mobile typists who use auto-correct are faster than those who use word-prediction tools,according to a study that looked at 37,000 volunteers tested by researchers at Finland's Aalto University,the University of Cambridge and ETH Zurich. Earlier devices such as the BlackBerry promoted typing on miniature keyboards,too.Now.most smartphone users type on their devices with one or both thumbs.Some also type with a single index finger. As the smartphone has claimed a bigger and bigger portion of our communications,many educators and researchers have posed questions about the longer-term effects the move to typing on a digital keyboard may have-particularly on younger generations. The better-than-expected results surprised researchers,because typing on a smartphone"is a type of motor skill that people learn on their own with no formal training,which is very unlike typing on physical keyboards,"study co-author Antti Oulasvirta said in a news release.In fact,10-to-19-year-olds type about 10 wpm faster than people in their 40s do. regardless of whether the keyboard was on a smartphone or a computer.The best typists could do more than 80 wpm.The study's authors predict that the typing gap may close at some point as the population becomes less skilled with physical keyboards and as mobile typing technology improves. Still,there are some trade-offs when it comes to typing on a smartphone.Those participating in the study left more errors uncorrected,something that also resulted in less backspacing."A possible explanation is the higher interaction cost of correcting mistakes on mobile devices and the limited text editing methods,"according to the researchers.The researchers collected the typing data from thousands of individuals using an online typing test.The test asked participants to transcribe a series of sentences,and recorded their keystrokes,errors,speed and other metrics.It also asked them to self-report their demographic(人口统计学的)data,as well as information about how they type and the sort of keyboard they used to complete the test. Smartphones may have some of the ergonomic (risks associated with their more traditional counterparts. professors say.Smartphone usage can lead to neck,shoulder and grip issues,said Bradley Chase,an associate professor of industrial and systems engineering at the University of San Diego."The concerns aren't fewer.just different"than those with traditional keyboards,Chase said. 43.Which of the following is true about the speed of mobile typing? A.It is equivalent to the speed of typing on a keyboard.B.It is much faster than typing on a keyboard. C.It is a little slower than typing on a keyboard. D.It is much faster than researchers can imagine. 44.It can be learned from Paragraph 6 that A.people have never formally learned how to type on smartphones B.the youth type slower than the middle-aged mainly on a computer C.mobile typing will totally replace physical keyboard typing D.the gap between typing on phone and typing with keyboards may close 45.Which is the possible reason that people tend to leave typing errors uncorrected? A.Heavy workload. B.Erroncous editing methods C.Higher interaction cost. D.Inconvenient operation method 46.What can be inferred from the passage about the future of typing? A.Physical keyboards will definitely become obsolete within a few years. B.The speed gap between mobile and physical keyboard typing might disappear. C.Ergonomic risks associated with smartphones are expected to be completely eliminated. D.Auto-correct technology will be replaced by word-prediction tools. Section C Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in cach blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.Unlike the vast wildernesses of the American model,British national parks are a unique tapestry of the wild and the cultivated. B.Nevertheless,these landscapes are now forever interwoven with British culture. C.The very concept of a'national park'was imported from the United States,where the establishment of Yellowstone in 1872 created a template for the world. D.This very complexity inevitably sparks passionate debate about their purpose and management. E.The post-war period also saw a revolution in agricultural technology,with the widespread adoption of tractors fundamentally changing the face of British farming. F.His great vision was for beautiful landscapes to be strictly preserved for the nation. Amid the turmoil of the Second World War,a visionary group assembled with a uniquely optimistic mission:to plan for the preservation of Britain's natural landscapes after the conflict.A key figure among them was John Dower,an architect and civil servant from Ilkley. (47) He advocated for public access for open-air enjoyment,alongside safeguards for wildlife,farming,and historic buildings.Tragically,Dower died from tuberculosis in 1947 at the age of 47,just four years before his dream was realized with the establishment of Britain's first national park in the Peak District in 1951. Eighty years on,Dower's legacy is profound.There are now 15 national parks across Great Britain,covering roughly 10%of its land surface,with potentially three more in development across England,Scotland,and Wales.(48) They are living,working landscapes that are both empty and bustling.home to isolated farmsteads and thriving communities.This complex mix of private ownership,public interest,and natural beauty means park authorities must act as both planning officers and wardens of nature. (49) Questions persist about balancing the needs of visitors and locals:Is it right for quarrying to scar areas of natural beauty?Should the excesses of rural tourism be reined in before they degrade the landscape?How can affordable housing be provided in areas where park designation inflates property prices? Despite these ongoing and legitimate challenges,the national parks are a cherished part of the national heritage.The process of adding new oncs,whether in the Chilterns,Galloway,or north-cast Wales,is slow,but their cultural value is undeniable.Although recent government grants offer some relief,charities warn that real-term funding has fallen significantly.(50) They stand as a lasting testament to John Dower's campaigning belief that they are "for all who come to refresh their minds and spirit and exercise their bodics in a peaceful setting of natural beauty." III.Summary Writing Direetions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. 51. What's the best way to fell a tree? Felling a tree is naturally dangerous,and without proper chainsaw training,hiring a professional tree surgeon is essential.While the underlying principles are straightforward,the risks are high. The optimal time for felling is winter,when trees are inactive.For deciduous (trecs,the absence of leaves is critical,as dense leaves can act like a sail in the wind,making the tree's fall direction unpredictable.Always call a professional if power lines,buildings,or unusual trunk shapes are involved. Preparation is vital.Ensure your chainsaw is sharp,fueled,and oiled.Select a clear,open direction for the tree to fall,ensuring people and pets are a safe distance away.Remember that trees are often much larger than they appear,so accurately judge their height and width.Crucially,plan and clear a swift escape route away from the intended fall path. The cutting process involves two main stages.First,create a directional notch (on the side facing the fall direction.About 60cm from the ground,make a 70-degree downward cut into one-third of the trunk's diameter.Then, make a horizontal cut to meet the first,removing the wedge of wood. Next,move to the opposite side to make the felling cut.Saw horizontally.just above the notch's base.Once a third of the way through.pause to drive in felling wedges ()These prevent the saw from binding and guide the tree to fall correctly.Continue cutting until only a tenth of the trunk remains,forming a "hinge."Remove the saw. If a loud crack signals the tree is falling.walk calmly along your escape route-never run with a chainsaw.If it remains standing,carefully tap the wedges further.Should any complications arise,retreat to a safe distance and immediately call for professional assistance. IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52.应该鼓励孩子们多参与户外活动。(encourage) 53.随着人工智能的发展，许多传统行业正面临着巨大的挑战。(Wh.) 54.随着新学期的开始，学生们需要快速调整心态，以适应更加紧张和繁重的学习任务。(adjust to) 55.这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就，远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人 的预期。(exceed V.Guided Writing Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. S6.有位著名心理学家曾说：定义我们的不是想法，而是行动。(What defines us is not our thoughts,but our actions..) 清回顾你面临某个艰难抉择的时刻，写一篇个人叙事短文，阐述你在那一刻的行动（而非意图）如何深化了你对 自我的认知，内容须包括： ()谈谈你对这句话的理解； (2)描述你曾经面临的某个艰难抉择的时刻； (3)阐述那一刻的行动如何深化你对自我的认知。 Key: I.Grammar and vocabulary SectionA 1.granting 2.were designed 3.To accommodate 4.while 5.could 6.learned 7.undergoing 8.which 9.with 10.more deeply Section B 11-15 KEAJC 16-20 FGDBH II.Rcading comprehension Section A 21-25 BABAD 26-30 DCCBA 31-35 ADCCD Section B 36-38CBB 39-42 BCDC 43-46 CDCB Section C 47-50 FADB IlI Summary 51. Tree felling is dangerous:hire a professional without training.Fell in winter when trees are leafless.First.assess surroundings and plan an escape route.Cut a directional notch.then make a felling cut from the opposite side,using wedges to guide the fall.Leave a hinge of wood.If the tree cracks,retreat calmly.For any complications,call a professional. IV.Translation 52.We should encourage children to participate in more outdoor activities. 53.With the development of artificial intelligence,many traditional industries are facing significant challenges. 54.With the start of the new semester.students need to quickly adjust their mindset to adapt to more intense and demanding academic tasks. 55.The remarkable achievements made by this young entreprencur,thanks to his unique vision and exceptional leadership,far exceeded everyone's expectations,including his family. V.Guided writing 见下一页