专题03 Units 5～6教材核心知识串讲（期末复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材译林版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格对比、思维导图系统梳理Units 5~6的33个核心语法点，按“词义辨析-句型用法-易错点拨”逻辑构建知识体系，如用对比表格区分among与between、have to与must等易混点，以思维导图呈现动词不定式的句法功能，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于情境化分层练习设计，基础通关题（如“天气询问”单选）结合生活情境提升语言能力，链接中考题选用苏州古典园林语篇渗透文化意识，易混易错题通过词形转换（如satisfy→satisfying）培养思维品质。不同难度练习满足分层需求，教师可精准教学，学生自主复习效率高。

专题03 Units 5~6 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 5-6 1.辨析among与between 2."What about...?" 3.weigh 4.辨析“It's+adj.+for sb+to do sth”与"It's+adj.+of sb+to do sth" 5.satisfy 6. million 7.a number of 和 the number of 8.have to与must 9. stop/ keep/prevent... from 10.manage to do sth. 和 try to do sth. 11.sick 和 ill 12.die 13.join,join in与take part in 14. increase 15.protection 16.risk 17.none与no one 18.天气的表达19.temperature 20.pleasant 21.forget 22.busy 23.What is ...like? 24.far away 25.last 26.among 和 between 27.divide 和 separate 28.what to do & how to do it 29.end 30.order 31. sleepy, asleep, sleep 和 sleeping 32. It's the best time to do sth. 33.动词不定式 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 辨析among与between (1)among:“在……中”,强调在 以上中; (2)between:“在……之间”,强调在 之间. 知识点02 "What about...?" “What about...?”意为“...怎么样?”,相当于“How about...?”。 ①询问消息: I like green.What about you?我喜欢绿色。你呢? ②征询意见或提出建议: What about some apples?来些苹果怎么样? ③about为介词，后接动词时用动词-ing形式: What about watching TV?看电视怎么样? 易｜错｜点｜拨 （表示建议的几种句型） ①Why don’t you+V原? ②Why not +V原? ③Let’s+V原。 ④Shall we+V原? ⑤You’d better+V原? ⑥Would you please+V原? ⑦Would you like+to do sth? ⑧What/ How about+Ving? 知识点03 weigh (1)weigh表示“有……重”，常用句型为“sth weighs + 重量”或“How much does... weigh?”询问某物重量。 (2)称重：weigh还可表示“称……的重量”，常用结构为“weigh oneself”或“weigh sth”。 例如：She weighed herself and found she had gained two kilograms. 使用时注意时态变化，过去式为weighed。 This bag weighs too much to carry.这个包太重了，拿不动。 易｜错｜点｜拨 weight (n.) 重量；体重，如：The of the package is over 10 kilograms. weight n.重量常见短语： weight减肥； weight增重 知识点04 辨析“It's+adj.+for sb+to do sth”与"It's+adj.+of sb+to do sth" 句型 含义及用法 It’s + adj. + for sb+to do sth “对某人来说，做某事是…的”。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to do sth。该句型中的形容词用于描述动作的性质 It's + adj. + of sb+to do sth “某人做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to do sth。 该句型中的形容词通常是描述人的性格特点或品质的,如kind,nice,clever等 知识点05 satisfy 的用法 ①satisfy vt. The food wasn’t enough to satisfy his hunger. 这食物不足以让他解饿。 ②satisfied adj. be satisfied with 对……感到满意 She’s never satisfied with what she’s got. 她对自己的所得从不感到满足。 ③satisfying adj. A satisfying meal made everyone happy. 一顿令人满意的饭让大家都很开心。 （1）We had a dinner at that restaurant.我们在那家餐馆吃了一顿令人满意的晚餐。 （2）This book's ending is .这本书的结局令人满意。 （3）I'm very with my new job.我对我的新工作感到非常满意。 （4）He is to help his mother with the housework.他乐意帮母亲做家务。 知识点06 million 一百万,百万 其用法与数词hundred“百”、thousand“千” billion“十亿”相同。 具体用法如下: ①前面有具体数字时,其后不加-s,且不与 of连用。 three million 三百万 two hundred 二百 ②当表示概数,前面没有具体数字时,其后须加-s,且要与 of连用。 millions of 数以百万计的;上百万的 hundreds of 好几百的;成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的;成千上万的 millions of trees 数百万棵树 hundreds of years 数百年 易｜错｜点｜拨 hundred, thousand 和 million 等词的用法： 模糊数字两有(有s,有of)，具体数字两无(无s,无 of)。 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 Nanjing is such a beautiful city that (百万) of tourists come here every spring. 知识点07 a number of 和 the number of 的辨析 a number of 意为“一些；大量的；许多的”，后面跟可数名词的复数形式，可用 large, great, small 修饰。位于主语中时谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 意为“……的数目”，后接可数名词的复数形式，但位于主语中时谓语动词应用单数形式，因为真正的主语是 the number，而不是后面的复数名词 large number of women want to be teachers. 大量的女性想要成为教师。 number of the students in our class is fifty. 我们班的学生人数是50。 What’s number of the students in your class? 你们班学生数量是多少？ The number of the wild animals becoming smaller and smaller. 野生动物的数量正变得越来越少。 知识点08 have to与must 用法 否定意义 时态 must 侧重于 主观必要和 个人意志 mustn't 表示禁止 一般只表示现在或 将来，没有人称和 数的变化 have to 侧重于客观 上的必要 don't have to 表示不必要 用于多种时态 有人称和数的变化 I missed the school bus so I walk to school this morning.我错过了校车,所以今天早上我不得不步行去上学。 知识点09 stop/ keep/prevent... from stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 同义短语:keep/prevent sb from doing sth。 stop/prevent sb from doing sth 中的 from 可以省略，而keep sb from doing sth 中的from不可省略。 知识点10 manage to do sth. 和 try to do sth. manage to do sth. 意为“设法完成某事”，强调经过努力完成某件事，相当于 succeed in doing sth. try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”，强调尽力去做，但不一定成功 I tried convince her, but she refused. 我尽力说服她，但她拒绝了。 Luckily, my friend managed change her mind. 好在我的朋友成功让她改变了主意。 知识点11 sick 和 ill sick 表示“生病的”时，主要用于美式英语，在句中可作定语和表语；表示“恶心的”时，多用作表语 ill 表示“生病的”时，主要用于英式英语，多用作表语，一般不作定语 I’m . 我生病了。 There ’re many people. 有很多生病的人。 知识点12 die 现在分词形式是dying, 过去式为died。 die是非延续性动词,通常不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。转换为表状态的be dead后，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Her grandfather died several years ago.她的祖父几年前去世了。 →Her grandfather has been dead for several years.她的祖父去世好几年了。 易｜错｜点｜拨 ①dead[形容词]死的;去世的在句中作表语或定语,无比较级形式。 The bird is . 那只鸟死了。 ② dying[形容词]将要死去的,奄奄一息的。常在名词前作定语。 We are trying to save the cat.我们正在尽力挽救那只奄奄一息的猫。 ③ death[名词]死亡在句中作主语或宾语。 My pet's made me sad.我的宠物的死使我很伤心。 知识点13 辨析:join,join in与take part in 词汇 用法 例句 join 意为“参加，加入” 加入团体、党派、或 组织，并成为其中一 员 My brother joined the army last year.我哥哥去年参军了。 join in 多指参加某项活动， 比赛，娱乐项目，游 戏，讨论等。 Can I join in your game? 我能加入你们的游戏吗 take part in 指参加活动或者工作 等，强调参与其中并 发挥作用 The boy took part in the volunteer work during the Asian Games. 这个男孩在亚运会期间参加了志愿者工作。 （1）When did your elder brother the army?你哥哥是什么时候参军的? （2）Everyone can gardening.每个人都可以参加园艺活动 知识点14 increase ①[不及物动词]增加 increase 增加了. increase 增加到 The population of this town increased by 5 percent last year.去年这个镇的人口增长了5%。 The population of this city increased to one million last year.去年这座城市的人口增长到100 万。 ②[及物动词]增加 increase sth by...把某物增加了· increase sth ( from... )to...把某物(从……)增加到…… They have increased the price by 50%.他们已把价格提高了 50%。 Leaders decide to increase the salary from4,500 yuan a month to 6,000 yuan a month. 领导决定把薪水从每月4500元增加到每月6000元。 ③[名词]增加;增长 increase in...在……方面的增长 He gave me an increase in salary.他给我涨了薪水。 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 Since China is getting stronger and stronger, the number of visitors from abroad is (增 加)all the time. 知识点15 protection 保护 environmental protection 环境保护拓展 protect[动词]保护 protect...from/against.. 保护……免受 nature is to ourselves.保护大自然就是保护我们自己。 She is wearing sunglasses to her eyes from the strong sunlight.她正戴着太阳镜以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害。 知识点16 risk ①risk n. at risk 有危险 at the risk of 冒着……的危险 take a risk / take risks 冒险 ②risk v. 冒……的危险；冒险做 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 I told her the truth at the risk of making her angry. 我冒着惹她生气的风险告诉她真相。 He risked losing his job to help others. 他冒着失去自己工作的风险帮助他人。 根据所给汉语提示完成句子。 不要冒险在这条路上开车这么快,否则你会被罚款的。 Don't so fast on this road, or you'll be fined. 知识点17 辨析:none与no one 不定代词 含义 用法 none 指人/物的数量，“没有一个...” 能与of连用，用how many/much提问 no one/nobody 指人，“没人” 不能与of连用，用who提问 （1）None of us to the park.我们没有人去公园。 （2）--How many birds can you see?你能看到多少只鸟?-- .一只也看不到。 （3）No one to leave.没有人想离开。 （4）--Who likes that place?谁喜欢那个地方?-- .没有人。 知识点18天气的表达： 天气名词 对应形容词 sun太阳 rain雨 snow雪 wind风 cloud云 fog雾 常用搭配短语： heavy rain/snow 大雨/大雪 light rain/snow 小雨/小雪 strong wind 大风 weather report 天气预报 according to the weather report 根据天气预报 take an umbrella 带雨伞 常用天气句型： 询问天气（初中高频） ① ? （北京的）天气怎么样？ ②What's (today)? （今天）天气怎么样？ 描述当前天气 ①It's +天气形容词. （例：It's cloudy. 多云。） ②The weather is + 天气形容词 + in + 地点. （例：The weather is warm in Guangzhou. 广州天气温暖。） ③There is +天气名词 + in + 地点. （例：There is light rain in Shanghai. 上海有小雨。） ④动词ing 形式表“正在发生”：It's raining/snowing/winding. 正在下雨/下雪/刮风。 易｜错｜点｜拨 weather 是不可数名词，不能说a good weather，正确表达是good weather。 rain/snow 作名词时不可数，作动词时可用于进行时（It's raining）；表一场雨/雪时可数（a rain/snow）。 询问天气必须用 “What's the weather like?”（不能少 like），或 “How's the weather?”（不用 like）。 知识点19 temperature ①n.温度 high/low temperatures 高/低温 a rise in temperature 气温的上升 a fall/drop in temperature 气温的下降 ②n.体温 take sb.’s temperature 量某人的体温 （1）When summer comes, the gets higher and higher. 当夏天到来时，温度变得越来越高。 （2）Store the wine at room . 将酒存放在室温下。 （3）The doctor advised him to take every hour.医生建议他每小时量一次体温。 （4）- What's the in Beijing today? 今天北京多少度? - It's 20℃， 20摄氏度。 （5）The temperature is these days. 这些天温度高/低。 知识点20 pleasant pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的”在句中作定语或表语。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的，满意的”，主语通常是人。 pleasure 名词，意为“愉快；快乐；乐事” （1）The air in the mountains is . 山里的空气很宜人。 （2）I'm with your work. 我对你的工作很满意。 （3）Reading is a great for me. 阅读对我来说是一件很快乐的事。 知识点21 forget ①forget v. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 (事情未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (事情已做却忘记了) forget about 忘记(指忘记一件事情，如开会、学习等) ②forgetful adj. 健忘的 I forgot lock the door when I left. 我离开时忘记锁门了。 He forgot me the news, so he repeated it.他忘记告诉过我这个消息，所以又重复了一遍。 知识点22 busy be busy with sth.意为“忙于某事”，相当于be busy doing sth. ... be busy with sth.可与程度副词，如very, quite, really等连用，加强语气， 也可与al1 day, all the time等表示时间的短语搭,说明忙碌的持续时间。 （1）He is busy homework in the study. 他正忙着在书房里做家庭作业。 （2）My mother is busy work every day. 我妈妈每天忙于工作。 （3）She is very busy her business. 她非常忙于她的生意。 （4）He is busy housework all day. 他一整天都忙于家务。 知识点23 What is ...like? 用于询问人/物的外貌、性格，或事物的特征、天气状况。 like 此处为介词（表：像…样子），回答需描述具体特点（而非简单说是/不是） 例句：①——What your new teacher ?你的新老师怎么样？ ——She is kind and tall.她很善良，个子很高。 ②——What the book ?这本书怎么样？ ——It is interesting and easy to read.它很有趣，也容易读。 ③——What the weather today?今天天气怎么样？ ——It is sunny and warm.今天晴朗又温暖。 知识点24 far away 不确定具体距离 be far away距离遥远（不接具体地点，表遥远）例句：The mountain is far away. be far (away) from + 地点（接具体地点，表离…远） 例句：She is far away from her parents. be not far away (from) 表不远 例句：The cinema is not far away. 已知具体距离 ①直接接数字距离（公里/米等） 结构：主语 + be + 数字 + 距离单位 + (away) from + 地点 例句：My home is 3 kilometers school.我家离学校 3 公里远。 ②接步行/骑行时间 结构：主语 + be + 数字 + minutes' /hours' + walk/ride + from + 地点 例句：The park is 15 minutes' walk my neighborhood.公园离我家小区步行 15 分钟。 问距离 How far is... from...? 例句： is your home school?你家离学校多远？ 易｜错｜点｜拨 ①去掉 far：具体距离后绝对不能加 far，错误表达“is 2 km far from”，正确为“is 2 km from”（far 是模糊概念，与具体数字冲突）。 ②away 可省：“3 km from”和“3 km away from”均正确，初中阶段加 away 更符合口语习惯，避免省略后显得生硬。 ③所有格正确：“步行 10 分钟”用“10 minutes' walk”（复数名词 minutes 后加’），不能说“10 minute's walk”（minute 未变复数） 知识点25 last last v.持续；adj.最后的，上一个的；adv.最后，终于；n.最后一个人/物 (v.) The party till midnight.派对持续到午夜。 (adj.) We have only two tickets.我们只剩最后两张票了。 (adv.) but not least最后但同样重要的是 (n.) He came in in the race.他在比赛中跑了最后一名。 知识点26 among 和 between among 表示“在……中；在 以上中分配或选择”，强调在三者或三者以上的人或物中 between 表示“介于……之间；在……中间”，常与 and 连用，强调 之间；也可用于三者或三者以上的两两之间 The twins are sitting the kids but I can’t tell the difference them. 这对双胞胎正坐在这些孩子中间，但我分不清他们之间的区别 知识点27 divide 和 separate divide 按规则或比例分割(强调部分之间的关联性)，分割后各部分可能仍属于同系统。常用短语：“divide ... into ...”意为“把……分成……” separate 强行分开或自然分离(强调隔离或独立性)，分割后各部分彼此独立。常用短语：“separate ... from ...”意为“把……和……分开；使……与……分离”；“separate ... into ...”意为“把……分成……”，其被动结构为 be separated into The teacher the class into four groups. 老师将班级分成四个小组。 It’s important to facts from opinions. 区分事实和观点很重要。 The school teaches children how to waste different types. 学校教孩子们如何将垃圾分成不同的类别。 知识点28 what to do & how to do it what to do：做什么。what 是疑问代词，可直接充当 do 的宾语，无需额外补充成分。 例句：I don’t know what next.我不知道接下来做什么。（what 作 do 的宾语） how to do it：怎么做。how 是疑问副词，只能修饰 do 的方式，不能作宾语，必须补充宾语。 例句：He showed me how to do correctly.他教我怎么正确做这件事。（it 指代具体事情） 知识点29 end ①v. end up with 以……结束 ②n. at the end of 在……结束时/尽头 in the end 最后 by the end of 到……为止 （1）The party ended a famous song- "Unforgettable Tonight".聚会以一首著名歌曲-《难忘今宵》结束。 （2）The war in 1945. 战争于1945年结束。 （3）Near the end the meeting, he told us the good news.在会议快要结来时，他告诉了我们这则好消息。 知识点30 order 意为“订购” [拓展] order作动词，还意为“命令；要求；点餐” order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”。 order作名词，意为“点单；所订的货物；顺序；次序；命令；指令”等。 in order意为“按顺序；整齐” place an order意为“下订单”。 （1）We a pizza for dinner. 我们晚餐订了一个比萨饼。 （2）I a book online yesterday. 我昨天在网上订了一本书。 （3）The teacher the students to clean the classroom after school.老师命令学生们放学后打扫教室。 （4）She a cup of coffee. 她点了一杯咖啡。 （5）I would like to place an for ten copies of this book. 这本书我想订购十册。 （6）The names are listed in alphabetical . 这些名字是按字母顺序排列的。 知识点31 sleepy, asleep, sleep 和 sleeping sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的；瞌睡的” 常作表语 asleep 形容词，意为“睡着的”，一般只作表语 fall asleep 入睡，睡着 sleep 动词或名词，意为“睡；睡觉” have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 sleeping 可作形容词用，意为“同住宿有关的，睡觉的” a sleeping bag 一个睡袋 知识点32 It's the best time to do sth. 意为“这是做某事的最佳时间。” [拓展]含time的固定句型结构还有： It's time (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)是做某事的时候了。 The best time to do sth. is ... 做某事的最佳时间是…… （1）It's the best time fly a kite. 这是放风筝的最佳时间。 （2）It's time us to go to school. 我们该去上学了。 （3）The best time to plant trees in spring. 植树的最佳时间是春天。 知识点33 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形 ； 否定形式为“ to+动词原形”。 2.特点：动词不定式没有人称、数的变化。 3.动词不定式的常见用法 (1) 作主语：To protect the environment is important. (2) 作宾语：She decided to go on a picnic. (3) 作宾语补足语：Our teachers always ask us to finish our homework on time. (4) 作状语：①　She hurried to home to find nobody there. 表结果 ②　Mary came here to visit my grandparents. 表目的 ③　They were very sad to hear this thing. 表原因 (5) 作定语: I have a lot of work to do today. (6) 作表语:My job is to teach students. 4.判断是否需要使用非谓语动词：无连词无从句，简单句有谓语 (一个句子没有连词，也不是复合句，除主语后的真正谓语，还出现了其他动词，该需要使用非谓语。) 5..判断是主动还是被动 (1) 找非谓语的逻辑主语，判断是主动还是被动，主动用doing或to do,被动用done (2) 非谓语动作发生在谓语之前，用having done/having been done。同时发生，用doing/being done, 表示将来、目的、意愿，用to do/to be done ; 6,特殊用法：若谓语动词是使役动词或感官动词，其后作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to。 (1) 常见的使役动词：make使得，let让，have使。 (2) 常见的感官动词：see看见，watch观看，hear听见，feel感觉，notice注意到。 (3) 【特别提醒】动词help后的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。 总结：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、宾补等,但不能作谓语。 不定 式 to do 表示 目的 会做 未做 (1) to do 做宾语 would like/want +to do想要做某事 wish/hope +to do 希望做某事 begin/start +to do 开始做某事 decide +to do 决定做某事 choose +to do 选择做某事 fail+to do 失败做某事 make an effort to do 努力做某事 afford +to do 负担得起做某事 offer +to do 主动提出做某事 agree +to do 同意做某事 learn +to do 学习做某事 refuse +to do 拒绝做某事 expect +to do 期待做某事 pretend +to do 假装做某事 manage +to do 设法做某事 happen +to do 碰巧做某事 promise +to do 保证做某事 plan +to do 计划做某事 (2)to do 做宾补 wish sb.+(not) to do 希望某人(不要)做某事 ask sb.+(not) to do 让某人(不要)做某事 tell sb.+(not)to do告诉某人(不要)做某事 want sb. (not)to do 想要某人(不要)做某事 allow/permit sb. (not) to do允许某人(不要)做 try/do one’s best to do 尽力做某事 expect sb.+(not)to do 期待某人(不要)做某事 invite sb. (not)to do 邀请某人(不要)做某事 order sb.+(not )to do 命令某人(不要)做某事 encourage sb.+(not)to do 鼓励某人(不要)做某事 would like sb.+(not)to do 想要某人(不要)做某事 advise sb.+(not)to do 建议某人(不要)做某事 risk one’s life to do 冒着生命危险做某事 (3)疑问词+to do： what/which/who/where/how+to do (why 后要省略 to) 例：The teacher is telling the students what to do. (4)to do 表目的 例：To get good marks,you need to work harder. (5)to do 做表语 例：What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible. (6)①It 做形式主语: It's+形容词/名词+for/of sb. to do It takes/took +sb.+时间+to do It is time/ a pleasure (for sb.) to do sth. ②It 做形式宾语 Sb. find/believe/think it +adj. + to do sth. Sb. make it a rule to do sth.(某人把做某事作为惯例) Sb.+V.+too...to do sth. Sb.+V+...enough to do sth. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1. ______ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. A.Keep　　　 B.To keep C.Keeping　　 D.Keeps 2.Our headmaster will invite a scientist ______ us a speech on space technology. A.give　　 B.given　　 C.giving　　 D.to give 3.—It's dangerous to drive after drinking. —That's true. It can increase the ______of traffic accidents (事故). A.reason　　 B.method　　 C.safety　　 D.risk 4. If people use less water and plant more trees, I believe there will be less ______. A.progress　　　 B.pleasure C.pollution　　　 D.production 5.—How is the ______ today? —It's hot. You don't need to wear the coat. A.weather　　 B.traffic　　 C.price D.date 6.What a ______ day! Luckily, I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat. A.windy　　 B.snowy　　 C.sunny　　 D.rainy 7.These days the temperature ______quickly. I feel that it is winter now. A.rises　　 B.drops　　 C.raises　　 D.stays 8.—Shall we go to the garden to watch the bees and butterflies flying ______ the flowers, David? —Good idea! Let's go. A.between　 B.among　 C.in　 D.during 9.He is busy______ at school, but he never forgets　　　 his mom a phone call every day. A.working;giving　　　　 B.work;give C.working;to give　　　　 D.work;to give 10—Sam, let's ______ these old things. I don't need them anymore. —No. We can try to put them to good use. A.fix up　　　　 B.hand out C.throw away　　　　 D.pull down 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Do you hear of Zhuangyuan or Bangyan? These words are from Keju, the earliest gaokao. It lasted for 1,300 years, 1 the Sui dynasty to the Qing dynasty. It played a very important part in 2 (choose) excellent people to work for the country. The keju exam were 3 (main) about classical literature (古典文学). At first, poetry was very important in earlier keju exams, 4 writing was more important later. The country 5 (hold) the exam once every three years and it had 4 levels (等级). Students had to first pass the lowest level 6 (take) part in its higher level. Each exam took 1 to 3 days. Most students had to go 7 long way to the capital city for the exam. They usually went to the capital on foot, and it took some people a few 8 (month) to reach the place. On the exam day, the officials checked the students carefully, like 9 (today) gaokao. After the exams, the students would get different titles, such as Xiucai, Juren and Jinshi. Among all the Jishi, the first one was called Zhuangyuan. Maybe it was 10 (exciting) moment for him in his life. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1.It is difficult for me to give up the interesting and _______________(satisfy) job. 2.My daughter ____________ (weigh)3.4 kilograms when she was born. 3.Many students in our class like James because he never gets angry ___________(easy). 4.In fact, little ____________(happy) is everywhere in our daily life. 5.My father works in a panda _____________(protect) center, so he knows a lot about pandas. 6.The less exercise you take, the ___________(fat) you'll be. 7.Wild tigers are becoming fewer and fewer because people never stop ____________(hunt) them. 8.My neighbour is a sports lover. I often see him _________(play) football. 9.The girl managed _____________(solve) the problem by herself. 10.Our teachers always encourage us to share our _____________(feel) after reading. 11.The boy was excited and _________(blow) all the candles out at once. 12.Could you move that lamp? It's ____________(shine) right in my eyes. 13.Because of the bad weather, there was a ___________(suddenly) change in our plan. 14.My baby brother is a little __________(noise) sometimes, but in fact, he brings much fun to our family. 15.The weather in our hometown is much ___________(wet) than theirs. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dancing with the Light A few years ago, I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. During the visit, my attention was drawn away from the plants, bridges and stones, towards 1 walls of the gardens. Mostly white, some parts of the walls are losing small 2 (piece) of their covering. This creates space in which light and plants can be 3 (see). The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens, but they also form protected paths that guide you on a trip. The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept 4 (imagine) how many shadows (影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. This fantastic moment was so lively 5 I came back to explore it with my camera. Working 6 (free) with these walls and their marks, I began to feel like collecting all the stories that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these 7 (amaze) white walls into Chinese landscape paintings. I 8 (take) the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water, showing the light and the color 9 the things around. As color was born out of a dance between light and a body, when photographing in color I found 10 (I) enjoying a moment of this dance. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Units 5~6 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 5-6 1.辨析among与between 2."What about...?" 3.weigh 4.辨析“It's+adj.+for sb+to do sth”与"It's+adj.+of sb+to do sth" 5.satisfy 6. million 7.a number of 和 the number of 8.have to与must 9. stop/ keep/prevent... from 10.manage to do sth. 和 try to do sth. 11.sick 和 ill 12.die 13.join,join in与take part in 14. increase 15.protection 16.risk 17.none与no one 18.天气的表达19.temperature 20.pleasant 21.forget 22.busy 23.What is ...like? 24.far away 25.last 26.among 和 between 27.divide 和 separate 28.what to do & how to do it 29.end 30.order 31. sleepy, asleep, sleep 和 sleeping 32. It's the best time to do sth. 33.动词不定式 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 辨析among与between (1)among:“在……中”,强调在三者或三者以上中; (2)between:“在……之间”,强调在两者之间. 知识点02 "What about...?" “What about...?”意为“...怎么样?”,相当于“How about...?”。 ①询问消息: I like green.What about you?我喜欢绿色。你呢? ②征询意见或提出建议: What about some apples?来些苹果怎么样? ③about为介词，后接动词时用动词-ing形式: What about watching TV?看电视怎么样? 易｜错｜点｜拨 （表示建议的几种句型） ①Why don’t you+V原? ②Why not +V原? ③Let’s+V原。 ④Shall we+V原? ⑤You’d better+V原? ⑥Would you please+V原? ⑦Would you like+to do sth? ⑧What/ How about+Ving? 知识点03 weigh (1)weigh表示“有……重”，常用句型为“sth weighs + 重量”或“How much does... weigh?”询问某物重量。 (2)称重：weigh还可表示“称……的重量”，常用结构为“weigh oneself”或“weigh sth”。 例如：She weighed herself and found she had gained two kilograms. 使用时注意时态变化，过去式为weighed。 This bag weighs too much to carry.这个包太重了，拿不动。 易｜错｜点｜拨 weight (n.) 重量；体重，如：The weight of the package is over 10 kilograms. weight n.重量常见短语：lose weight减肥；put on weight增重 知识点04 辨析“It's+adj.+for sb+to do sth”与"It's+adj.+of sb+to do sth" 句型 含义及用法 It’s + adj. + for sb+to do sth “对某人来说，做某事是…的”。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to do sth。该句型中的形容词用于描述动作的性质 It's + adj. + of sb+to do sth “某人做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to do sth。 该句型中的形容词通常是描述人的性格特点或品质的,如kind,nice,clever等 知识点05 satisfy 的用法 ①satisfy vt. The food wasn’t enough to satisfy his hunger. 这食物不足以让他解饿。 ②satisfied adj. be satisfied with 对……感到满意 She’s never satisfied with what she’s got. 她对自己的所得从不感到满足。 ③satisfying adj. A satisfying meal made everyone happy. 一顿令人满意的饭让大家都很开心。 （1）We had a satisfying dinner at that restaurant.我们在那家餐馆吃了一顿令人满意的晚餐。 （2）This book's ending is satisfying.这本书的结局令人满意。 （3）I'm very satisfied with my new job.我对我的新工作感到非常满意。 （4）He is satisfied to help his mother with the housework.他乐意帮母亲做家务。 知识点06 million 一百万,百万 其用法与数词hundred“百”、thousand“千” billion“十亿”相同。 具体用法如下: ①前面有具体数字时,其后不加-s,且不与 of连用。 three million 三百万 two hundred 二百 ②当表示概数,前面没有具体数字时,其后须加-s,且要与 of连用。 millions of 数以百万计的;上百万的 hundreds of 好几百的;成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的;成千上万的 millions of trees 数百万棵树 hundreds of years 数百年 易｜错｜点｜拨 hundred, thousand 和 million 等词的用法： 模糊数字两有(有s,有of)，具体数字两无(无s,无 of)。 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 Nanjing is such a beautiful city that (百万) of tourists come here every spring. 解析 million“百万”,由of tourists 可知，此处表示概数，millions of“数百万的”,表示概数。故填 millions。句意:南京是一座如此美丽的城市以至于每年春天都有数以百万计的游客来到这里。答案 millions 知识点07 a number of 和 the number of 的辨析 a number of 意为“一些；大量的；许多的”，后面跟可数名词的复数形式，可用 large, great, small 修饰。位于主语中时谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 意为“……的数目”，后接可数名词的复数形式，但位于主语中时谓语动词应用单数形式，因为真正的主语是 the number，而不是后面的复数名词 A large number of women want to be teachers. 大量的女性想要成为教师。 The number of the students in our class is fifty. 我们班的学生人数是50。 What’s the number of the students in your class? 你们班学生数量是多少？ The number of the wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller. 野生动物的数量正变得越来越少。 知识点08 have to与must 用法 否定意义 时态 must 侧重于 主观必要和 个人意志 mustn't 表示禁止 一般只表示现在或 将来，没有人称和 数的变化 have to 侧重于客观 上的必要 don't have to 表示不必要 用于多种时态 有人称和数的变化 I missed the school bus so I had to walk to school this morning.我错过了校车,所以今天早上我不得不步行去上学。 知识点09 stop/ keep/prevent... from stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 同义短语:keep/prevent sb from doing sth。 stop/prevent sb from doing sth 中的 from 可以省略，而keep sb from doing sth 中的from不可省略。 知识点10 manage to do sth. 和 try to do sth. manage to do sth. 意为“设法完成某事”，强调经过努力完成某件事，相当于 succeed in doing sth. try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”，强调尽力去做，但不一定成功 I tried to convince her, but she refused. 我尽力说服她，但她拒绝了。 Luckily, my friend managed to change her mind. 好在我的朋友成功让她改变了主意。 知识点11 sick 和 ill sick 表示“生病的”时，主要用于美式英语，在句中可作定语和表语；表示“恶心的”时，多用作表语 ill 表示“生病的”时，主要用于英式英语，多用作表语，一般不作定语 I’m sick. 我生病了。 There’re many sick people. 有很多生病的人。 知识点12 die 现在分词形式是dying, 过去式为died。 die是非延续性动词,通常不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。转换为表状态的be dead后，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Her grandfather died several years ago.她的祖父几年前去世了。 →Her grandfather has been dead for several years.她的祖父去世好几年了。 易｜错｜点｜拨 ①dead[形容词]死的;去世的在句中作表语或定语,无比较级形式。 The bird is dead. 那只鸟死了。 ② dying[形容词]将要死去的,奄奄一息的。常在名词前作定语。 We are trying to save the dying cat.我们正在尽力挽救那只奄奄一息的猫。 ③ death[名词]死亡在句中作主语或宾语。 My pet's death made me sad.我的宠物的死使我很伤心。 知识点13 辨析:join,join in与take part in 词汇 用法 例句 join 意为“参加，加入” 加入团体、党派、或 组织，并成为其中一 员 My brother joined the army last year.我哥哥去年参军了。 join in 多指参加某项活动， 比赛，娱乐项目，游 戏，讨论等。 Can I join in your game? 我能加入你们的游戏吗 take part in 指参加活动或者工作 等，强调参与其中并 发挥作用 The boy took part in the volunteer work during the Asian Games. 这个男孩在亚运会期间参加了志愿者工作。 （1）When did your elder brother join the army?你哥哥是什么时候参军的? （2）Everyone can take part in gardening.每个人都可以参加园艺活动 知识点14 increase ①[不及物动词]增加 increase by 增加了. increase to 增加到 The population of this town increased by 5 percent last year.去年这个镇的人口增长了5%。 The population of this city increased to one million last year.去年这座城市的人口增长到100 万。 ②[及物动词]增加 increase sth by...把某物增加了· increase sth ( from... )to...把某物(从……)增加到…… They have increased the price by 50%.他们已把价格提高了 50%。 Leaders decide to increase the salary from4,500 yuan a month to 6,000 yuan a month. 领导决定把薪水从每月4500元增加到每月6000元。 ③[名词]增加;增长 increase in...在……方面的增长 He gave me an increase in salary.他给我涨了薪水。 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 Since China is getting stronger and stronger, the number of visitors from abroad is (增 加)all the time. 解析 根据所给汉语“增加”可知,应用increase的某种形式。结合语境和is 可知,句子应用现在进行时,故填increasing。句意:由于中国越来越强大,来自国外的游客数量一直在增加。 答案 increasing 知识点15 protection 保护 environmental protection 环境保护拓展 protect[动词]保护 protect...from/against.. 保护……免受 Protecting nature is to protect ourselves.保护大自然就是保护我们自己。 She is wearing sunglasses to protect her eyes from the strong sunlight.她正戴着太阳镜以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害。 知识点16 risk ①risk n. at risk 有危险 at the risk of 冒着……的危险 take a risk / take risks 冒险 ②risk v. 冒……的危险；冒险做 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 I told her the truth at the risk of making her angry. 我冒着惹她生气的风险告诉她真相。 He risked losing his job to help others. 他冒着失去自己工作的风险帮助他人。 根据所给汉语提示完成句子。 不要冒险在这条路上开车这么快,否则你会被罚款的。 Don't so fast on this road, or you'll be fined. 解析 对比所给中英文可知,所填英语表示“冒险开车”，risk doing sth“冒险做某事”,为固定搭配;根据空前的Don't 可知,此处 risk应用动词原形;drive“开车”。答案risk driving 知识点17 辨析:none与no one 不定代词 含义 用法 none 指人/物的数量，“没有一个...” 能与of连用，用how many/much提问 no one/nobody 指人，“没人” 不能与of连用，用who提问 （1）None of us went to the park.我们没有人去公园。 （2）--How many birds can you see?你能看到多少只鸟?--None.一只也看不到。 （3）No one wants to leave.没有人想离开。 （4）--Who likes that place?谁喜欢那个地方?--No one.没有人。 知识点18天气的表达： 天气名词 对应形容词 sun太阳 sunny晴朗的 rain雨 rainy下雨的 snow雪 snowy下雪的 wind风 windy有风的 cloud云 cloudy多云的 fog雾 foggy有雾的 常用搭配短语： heavy rain/snow 大雨/大雪 light rain/snow 小雨/小雪 strong wind 大风 weather report 天气预报 according to the weather report 根据天气预报 take an umbrella 带雨伞 常用天气句型： 询问天气（初中高频） ①How's the weather (in Beijing)? （北京的）天气怎么样？ ②What's the weather like (today)? （今天）天气怎么样？ 描述当前天气 ①It's +天气形容词. （例：It's cloudy. 多云。） ②The weather is + 天气形容词 + in + 地点. （例：The weather is warm in Guangzhou. 广州天气温暖。） ③There is +天气名词 + in + 地点. （例：There is light rain in Shanghai. 上海有小雨。） ④动词ing 形式表“正在发生”：It's raining/snowing/winding. 正在下雨/下雪/刮风。 易｜错｜点｜拨 weather 是不可数名词，不能说a good weather，正确表达是good weather。 rain/snow 作名词时不可数，作动词时可用于进行时（It's raining）；表一场雨/雪时可数（a rain/snow）。 询问天气必须用 “What's the weather like?”（不能少 like），或 “How's the weather?”（不用 like）。 知识点19 temperature ①n.温度 high/low temperatures 高/低温 a rise in temperature 气温的上升 a fall/drop in temperature 气温的下降 ②n.体温 take sb.’s temperature 量某人的体温 （1）When summer comes, the temperature gets higher and higher. 当夏天到来时，温度变得越来越高。 （2）Store the wine at room temperature. 将酒存放在室温下。 （3）The doctor advised him to take temperature every hour.医生建议他每小时量一次体温。 （4）- What's the temperature in Beijing today? 今天北京多少度? - It's 20℃， 20摄氏度。 （5）The temperature is high/low these days. 这些天温度高/低。 知识点20 pleasant pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的”在句中作定语或表语。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的，满意的”，主语通常是人。 pleasure 名词，意为“愉快；快乐；乐事” （1）The air in the mountains is pleasant. 山里的空气很宜人。 （2）I'm pleased with your work. 我对你的工作很满意。 （3）Reading is a great pleasure for me. 阅读对我来说是一件很快乐的事。 知识点21 forget ①forget v. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 (事情未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (事情已做却忘记了) forget about 忘记(指忘记一件事情，如开会、学习等) ②forgetful adj. 健忘的 I forgot to lock the door when I left. 我离开时忘记锁门了。 He forgot telling me the news, so he repeated it.他忘记告诉过我这个消息，所以又重复了一遍。 知识点22 busy be busy with sth.意为“忙于某事”，相当于be busy doing sth. ... be busy with sth.可与程度副词，如very, quite, really等连用，加强语气， 也可与al1 day, all the time等表示时间的短语搭,说明忙碌的持续时间。 （1）He is busy doing homework in the study. 他正忙着在书房里做家庭作业。 （2）My mother is busy with work every day. 我妈妈每天忙于工作。 （3）She is very busy with her business. 她非常忙于她的生意。 （4）He is busy with housework all day. 他一整天都忙于家务。 知识点23 What is ...like? 用于询问人/物的外貌、性格，或事物的特征、天气状况。 like 此处为介词（表：像…样子），回答需描述具体特点（而非简单说是/不是） 例句：①——What is your new teacher like?你的新老师怎么样？ ——She is kind and tall.她很善良，个子很高。 ②——What is the book like?这本书怎么样？ ——It is interesting and easy to read.它很有趣，也容易读。 ③——What is the weather like today?今天天气怎么样？ ——It is sunny and warm.今天晴朗又温暖。 知识点24 far away 不确定具体距离 be far away距离遥远（不接具体地点，表遥远）例句：The mountain is far away. be far (away) from + 地点（接具体地点，表离…远） 例句：She is far away from her parents. be not far away (from) 表不远 例句：The cinema is not far away. 已知具体距离 ①直接接数字距离（公里/米等） 结构：主语 + be + 数字 + 距离单位 + (away) from + 地点 例句：My home is 3 kilometers (away) from school.我家离学校 3 公里远。 ②接步行/骑行时间 结构：主语 + be + 数字 + minutes' /hours' + walk/ride + from + 地点 例句：The park is 15 minutes' walk from my neighborhood.公园离我家小区步行 15 分钟。 问距离 How far is... from...? 例句：How far is your home from school?你家离学校多远？ 易｜错｜点｜拨 ①去掉 far：具体距离后绝对不能加 far，错误表达“is 2 km far from”，正确为“is 2 km from”（far 是模糊概念，与具体数字冲突）。 ②away 可省：“3 km from”和“3 km away from”均正确，初中阶段加 away 更符合口语习惯，避免省略后显得生硬。 ③所有格正确：“步行 10 分钟”用“10 minutes' walk”（复数名词 minutes 后加’），不能说“10 minute's walk”（minute 未变复数） 知识点25 last last v.持续；adj.最后的，上一个的；adv.最后，终于；n.最后一个人/物 (v.) The party lasted till midnight.派对持续到午夜。 (adj.) We have only last two tickets.我们只剩最后两张票了。 (adv.) last but not least最后但同样重要的是 (n.) He came in last in the race.他在比赛中跑了最后一名。 知识点26 among 和 between among 表示“在……中；在三者或三者以上中分配或选择”，强调在三者或三者以上的人或物中 between 表示“介于……之间；在……中间”，常与 and 连用，强调两者之间；也可用于三者或三者以上的两两之间 The twins are sitting among the kids but I can’t tell the difference between them. 这对双胞胎正坐在这些孩子中间，但我分不清他们之间的区别 知识点27 divide 和 separate divide 按规则或比例分割(强调部分之间的关联性)，分割后各部分可能仍属于同系统。常用短语：“divide ... into ...”意为“把……分成……” separate 强行分开或自然分离(强调隔离或独立性)，分割后各部分彼此独立。常用短语：“separate ... from ...”意为“把……和……分开；使……与……分离”；“separate ... into ...”意为“把……分成……”，其被动结构为 be separated into The teacher divided the class into four groups. 老师将班级分成四个小组。 It’s important to separate facts from opinions. 区分事实和观点很重要。 The school teaches children how to separate waste into different types. 学校教孩子们如何将垃圾分成不同的类别。 知识点28 what to do & how to do it what to do：做什么。what 是疑问代词，可直接充当 do 的宾语，无需额外补充成分。 例句：I don’t know what to do next.我不知道接下来做什么。（what 作 do 的宾语） how to do it：怎么做。how 是疑问副词，只能修饰 do 的方式，不能作宾语，必须补充宾语。 例句：He showed me how to do it correctly.他教我怎么正确做这件事。（it 指代具体事情） 知识点29 end ①v. end up with 以……结束 ②n. at the end of 在……结束时/尽头 in the end 最后 by the end of 到……为止 （1）The party ended with a famous song- "Unforgettable Tonight".聚会以一首著名歌曲-《难忘今宵》结束。 （2）The war ended in 1945. 战争于1945年结束。 （3）Near the end of the meeting, he told us the good news.在会议快要结来时，他告诉了我们这则好消息。 知识点30 order 意为“订购” [拓展] order作动词，还意为“命令；要求；点餐” order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”。 order作名词，意为“点单；所订的货物；顺序；次序；命令；指令”等。 in order意为“按顺序；整齐” place an order意为“下订单”。 （1）We ordered a pizza for dinner. 我们晚餐订了一个比萨饼。 （2）I ordered a book online yesterday. 我昨天在网上订了一本书。 （3）The teacher ordered the students to clean the classroom after school.老师命令学生们放学后打扫教室。 （4）She ordered a cup of coffee. 她点了一杯咖啡。 （5）I would like to place an order for ten copies of this book. 这本书我想订购十册。 （6）The names are listed in alphabetical order. 这些名字是按字母顺序排列的。 知识点31 sleepy, asleep, sleep 和 sleeping sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的；瞌睡的” 常作表语 asleep 形容词，意为“睡着的”，一般只作表语 fall asleep 入睡，睡着 sleep 动词或名词，意为“睡；睡觉” have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 sleeping 可作形容词用，意为“同住宿有关的，睡觉的” a sleeping bag 一个睡袋 知识点32 It's the best time to do sth. 意为“这是做某事的最佳时间。” [拓展]含time的固定句型结构还有： It's time (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)是做某事的时候了。 The best time to do sth. is ... 做某事的最佳时间是…… （1）It's the best time to fly a kite. 这是放风筝的最佳时间。 （2）It's time for us to go to school. 我们该去上学了。 （3）The best time to plant trees is in spring. 植树的最佳时间是春天。 知识点33 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形 ； 否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 2.特点：动词不定式没有人称、数的变化。 3.动词不定式的常见用法 (1) 作主语：To protect the environment is important. (2) 作宾语：She decided to go on a picnic. (3) 作宾语补足语：Our teachers always ask us to finish our homework on time. (4) 作状语：①　She hurried to home to find nobody there. 表结果 ②　Mary came here to visit my grandparents. 表目的 ③　They were very sad to hear this thing. 表原因 (5) 作定语: I have a lot of work to do today. (6) 作表语:My job is to teach students. 4.判断是否需要使用非谓语动词：无连词无从句，简单句有谓语 (一个句子没有连词，也不是复合句，除主语后的真正谓语，还出现了其他动词，该需要使用非谓语。) 5..判断是主动还是被动 (1) 找非谓语的逻辑主语，判断是主动还是被动，主动用doing或to do,被动用done (2) 非谓语动作发生在谓语之前，用having done/having been done。同时发生，用doing/being done, 表示将来、目的、意愿，用to do/to be done ; 6,特殊用法：若谓语动词是使役动词或感官动词，其后作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to。 (1) 常见的使役动词：make使得，let让，have使。 (2) 常见的感官动词：see看见，watch观看，hear听见，feel感觉，notice注意到。 (3) 【特别提醒】动词help后的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。 总结：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、宾补等,但不能作谓语。 不定 式 to do 表示 目的 会做 未做 (1) to do 做宾语 would like/want +to do想要做某事 wish/hope +to do 希望做某事 begin/start +to do 开始做某事 decide +to do 决定做某事 choose +to do 选择做某事 fail+to do 失败做某事 make an effort to do 努力做某事 afford +to do 负担得起做某事 offer +to do 主动提出做某事 agree +to do 同意做某事 learn +to do 学习做某事 refuse +to do 拒绝做某事 expect +to do 期待做某事 pretend +to do 假装做某事 manage +to do 设法做某事 happen +to do 碰巧做某事 promise +to do 保证做某事 plan +to do 计划做某事 (2)to do 做宾补 wish sb.+(not) to do 希望某人(不要)做某事 ask sb.+(not) to do 让某人(不要)做某事 tell sb.+(not)to do告诉某人(不要)做某事 want sb. (not)to do 想要某人(不要)做某事 allow/permit sb. (not) to do允许某人(不要)做 try/do one’s best to do 尽力做某事 expect sb.+(not)to do 期待某人(不要)做某事 invite sb. (not)to do 邀请某人(不要)做某事 order sb.+(not )to do 命令某人(不要)做某事 encourage sb.+(not)to do 鼓励某人(不要)做某事 would like sb.+(not)to do 想要某人(不要)做某事 advise sb.+(not)to do 建议某人(不要)做某事 risk one’s life to do 冒着生命危险做某事 (3)疑问词+to do： what/which/who/where/how+to do (why 后要省略 to) 例：The teacher is telling the students what to do. (4)to do 表目的 例：To get good marks,you need to work harder. (5)to do 做表语 例：What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible. (6)①It 做形式主语: It's+形容词/名词+for/of sb. to do It takes/took +sb.+时间+to do It is time/ a pleasure (for sb.) to do sth. ②It 做形式宾语 Sb. find/believe/think it +adj. + to do sth. Sb. make it a rule to do sth.(某人把做某事作为惯例) Sb.+V.+too...to do sth. Sb.+V+...enough to do sth. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1. ______ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school. A.Keep　　　 B.To keep C.Keeping　　 D.Keeps 解析　分析句子结构可知,学生们在学校做早操的目的是保持健康,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 2.Our headmaster will invite a scientist ______ us a speech on space technology. A.give　　 B.given　　 C.giving　　 D.to give 解析　invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。故选D。 3.—It's dangerous to drive after drinking. —That's true. It can increase the ______of traffic accidents (事故). A.reason　　 B.method　　 C.safety　　 D.risk 解析　根据常识可知,酒后开车会增加交通事故的风险。名词risk意为“危险,风险”。故选D。 4. If people use less water and plant more trees, I believe there will be less ______. A.progress　　　 B.pleasure C.pollution　　　 D.production 解析　根据上文中的人们少用水多植树可知,下文是说将会有较少的污染。progress进步;pleasure快乐;pollution污染;production 生产。故选C。 5.—How is the ______ today? —It's hot. You don't need to wear the coat. A.weather　　 B.traffic　　 C.price D.date 解析　根据“It's hot.”可知,上句询问天气状况。weather天气;traffic交通;price价格。故选A。 6.What a ______ day! Luckily, I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat. A.windy　　 B.snowy　　 C.sunny　　 D.rainy 解析　下文说带了一把伞来保护自己免受阳光和高温的伤害,因此可知是阳光灿烂的一天。windy 多风的;snowy 下雪多的;sunny阳光充足的;rainy 多雨的。故选C。 7.These days the temperature ______quickly. I feel that it is winter now. A.rises　　 B.drops　　 C.raises　　 D.stays 解析　根据下文“I feel that it is winter now.”可知,这些天,气温下降很快。rise上升;drop下降;raise筹集;stay停留。故选B。 8.—Shall we go to the garden to watch the bees and butterflies flying ______ the flowers, David? —Good idea! Let's go. A.between　 B.among　 C.in　 D.during 解析　between在两者之间;among在三者或三者以上之间;in在……里面;during在……期间。此处表示蜜蜂和蝴蝶在很多花之间飞舞。故选B。 9.He is busy______ at school, but he never forgets　　　 his mom a phone call every day. A.working;giving　　　　 B.work;give C.working;to give　　　　 D.work;to give 解析　be busy doing sth.忙于做某事;forget to do sth.忘记要做某事;forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。根据语境可知选C。 10—Sam, let's ______ these old things. I don't need them anymore. —No. We can try to put them to good use. A.fix up　　　　 B.hand out C.throw away　　　　 D.pull down 解析　根据“I don't need them anymore.(我不再需要它们了)”可知,上文是说“让我们扔掉这些旧东西”。fix up修理;hand out分发;throw away扔掉;pull down拆毁。故选C。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填上适当单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Do you hear of Zhuangyuan or Bangyan? These words are from Keju, the earliest gaokao. It lasted for 1,300 years, 1 the Sui dynasty to the Qing dynasty. It played a very important part in 2 (choose) excellent people to work for the country. The keju exam were 3 (main) about classical literature (古典文学). At first, poetry was very important in earlier keju exams, 4 writing was more important later. The country 5 (hold) the exam once every three years and it had 4 levels (等级). Students had to first pass the lowest level 6 (take) part in its higher level. Each exam took 1 to 3 days. Most students had to go 7 long way to the capital city for the exam. They usually went to the capital on foot, and it took some people a few 8 (month) to reach the place. On the exam day, the officials checked the students carefully, like 9 (today) gaokao. After the exams, the students would get different titles, such as Xiucai, Juren and Jinshi. Among all the Jishi, the first one was called Zhuangyuan. Maybe it was 10 (exciting) moment for him in his life. 【答案】1．from 2．choosing 3．mainly 4．but 5．held 6．to take 7．a 8．months 9．today’s 10．the most exciting 【导语】本文主要介绍了科举考试的历史背景、考试内容及其影响。 1．句意：它持续了1300年，从隋朝到清朝。根据“the Sui dynasty to the Qing dynasty”可知，from...to...“从……到……”，故填from。 2．句意：它在选拔优秀人才为国家工作方面起到了非常重要的作用。介词in后接动名词作宾语，choosing符合句意，故填choosing。 3．句意：科举考试主要是关于古典文学的。此空修饰动词“were”，用副词，main的副词形式为mainly。故填mainly。 4．句意：起初，诗歌在早期的科举考试中非常重要，但后来写作变得更为重要。根据“writing was more important later”可知，前后是转折关系，but符合句意，故填but。 5．句意：国家每三年举行一次考试，考试分为四个等级。根据“it had 4 levels”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，held符合句意，故填held。 6．句意：学生必须先通过最低等级的考试才能参加更高级别的考试。根据“Students had to first pass the lowest level”可知，此处动词不定式作目的状语，故填to take。 7．句意：大多数学生必须长途跋涉到京城参加考试。根据“long way”可知，a long way“长途”，故填a。 8．句意：他们通常步行前往京城，有些人需要几个月才能到达考场。根据“a few”可知，a few修饰名词复数，months符合句意，故填months。 9．句意：考试当天，官员们仔细检查学生，就像今天的高考一样。根据“gaokao”可知，此处表示“今天的高考”，需使用名词所有格today’s修饰“gaokao”。故填today’s。 10．句意：也许这是他一生中最激动的时刻。根据“in his life”可知，需要最高级修饰moment，the most exciting符合句意，故填the most exciting。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1.It is difficult for me to give up the interesting and _______________(satisfy) job. 2.My daughter ____________ (weigh)3.4 kilograms when she was born. 3.Many students in our class like James because he never gets angry ___________(easy). 4.In fact, little ____________(happy) is everywhere in our daily life. 5.My father works in a panda _____________(protect) center, so he knows a lot about pandas. 6.The less exercise you take, the ___________(fat) you'll be. 7.Wild tigers are becoming fewer and fewer because people never stop ____________(hunt) them. 8.My neighbour is a sports lover. I often see him _________(play) football. 9.The girl managed _____________(solve) the problem by herself. 10.Our teachers always encourage us to share our _____________(feel) after reading. 11.The boy was excited and _________(blow) all the candles out at once. 12.Could you move that lamp? It's ____________(shine) right in my eyes. 13.Because of the bad weather, there was a ___________(suddenly) change in our plan. 14.My baby brother is a little __________(noise) sometimes, but in fact, he brings much fun to our family. 15.The weather in our hometown is much ___________(wet) than theirs. 1.satisfying  2.weighed 3.easily4.happiness 5.protection   6.fatter  7.hunting  8.play  9.to solve   10.feelings      11.blew    12.shining   13.sudden    14.noisy   15.wetter    链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dancing with the Light A few years ago, I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. During the visit, my attention was drawn away from the plants, bridges and stones, towards 1 walls of the gardens. Mostly white, some parts of the walls are losing small 2 (piece) of their covering. This creates space in which light and plants can be 3 (see). The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens, but they also form protected paths that guide you on a trip. The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept 4 (imagine) how many shadows (影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. This fantastic moment was so lively 5 I came back to explore it with my camera. Working 6 (free) with these walls and their marks, I began to feel like collecting all the stories that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these 7 (amaze) white walls into Chinese landscape paintings. I 8 (take) the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water, showing the light and the color 9 the things around. As color was born out of a dance between light and a body, when photographing in color I found 10 (I) enjoying a moment of this dance. 【答案】1．the 2．pieces 3．seen 4．imagining 5．that 6．freely 7．amazing 8．took 9．of 10．myself 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者参观苏州古典园林的经历。 1．句意：在参观期间，我的注意力从植物、桥梁和石头上转移到了花园的墙壁上。根据“walls of the gardens.”可知此处是特指花园的墙壁，应用定冠词the，故填the。 2．句意：大部分墙壁是白色的，有些部分正在失去小块的覆盖物。piece“块”，可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填pieces。 3．句意：这创造了可以看到光线和植物的空间。see是动词，根据“can be”可知是含有情态动词can的被动语态can be done，故填seen。 4．句意：我一直在想象，它们能收集多少影子，与光共舞。keep doing sth“一直做某事”，为固定短语，故填imagining。 5．句意：这个奇妙的时刻是如此的生动，以至于我带着相机回来探索它。根据“so lively...I came back to explore it with my camera.”可知此处是so...that“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填that。 6．句意：在这些墙壁和它们的标记上自由地工作，我开始想收集所有画在那里的故事。free是形容词，此处修饰动词应用副词freely，故填freely。 7．句意：天气和时间把这些令人惊叹的白墙变成了中国山水画。空后是名词，所以此处应用形容词amazing“令人惊奇的”修饰物，故填amazing。 8．句意：这些照片是我在六月雨后拍摄的。take是动词，根据语境和后句可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填took。 9．句意：空气中充满了小水滴，显示出周围事物的光和颜色。根据“the color...the things around”可知是指周围事物的颜色，应用of所有格，表示“……的”，故填of。 10．句意：因为色彩是光与身体之间的舞蹈而产生的，所以当我拍摄彩色照片时，我发现自己在享受这种舞蹈的时刻。根据“I found...enjoying a moment of this dance.”可知主语是I，所以宾语应该用反身代词myself，故填myself。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $