专题02 必修第一册Units 4～6 单元词汇短语句型梳理（高考高频词+高考真题）（期末复习知识清单）高一英语上学期外研版

该高中英语必修第一册4-6单元知识清单全面梳理了核心词汇、短语、句型及写作内容，涵盖词类转换、基础词汇、高频短语、核心句型、单元写作模板和配套题型练习六大范畴，为学生搭建了从词形变形积累到句型应用，再到写作实践的递进式学习架构。 清单采用“重难点标注”“同义归类”“写作模板”三维设计构建知识体系，如词类转换中用※标注affect/effect等高频考点，高频短语归类“keep in touch”等同义表达，培养学生的语言能力和学习能力。特别设计单元写作“段首句-主体-结尾”完整模板及配套题型训练，不同基础学生可高效掌握要点，教师可直接用于课堂复习或写作指导，提升教学实效。

专题02 必修第一册 4~6单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 → disastrous adj. 灾难性的 → disastrously adv. 灾难性地 ※2. destroy v. 破坏；毁灭 → destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 → destructive adj. 破坏性的 3. survive v. 幸存；存活 → survival n. 幸存；生存 → survivor n. 幸存者 → survivable adj. 可存活的 4. injure v. 伤害；损害 → injury n. 伤害；损伤 → injured adj. 受伤的 5. rescue v. & n. 营救；救援 → rescuer n. 营救者；救援人员 6. damage v. & n. 损害；损坏 → damaging adj. 有破坏性的 7. shock v. 使震惊 n. 震惊；休克 → shocked adj. 感到震惊的 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ※8. affect v. 影响；打动 → effect n. 影响；效果 → effective adj. 有效的 → effectively adv. 有效地 9. shelter n. 避难所；遮蔽物 v. 遮蔽；庇护 → sheltered adj. 受庇护的；安全的 10. supply v. 供应；提供 n. 供应；补给 → supplier n. 供应商；供应者 → supplyment n. 补充物（补充变形） 11. suffer v. 遭受；忍受 → suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 → sufferer n. 受害者；患者 12. strength n. 力量；体力 → strong adj. 强壮的 → strengthen v. 加强；巩固 → strongly adv. 强烈地 13. brave adj. 勇敢的 → bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 → bravely adv. 勇敢地 14. calm adj. 平静的；冷静的 v. 使平静；冷静 → calmly adv. 平静地；冷静地 → calmness n. 平静；冷静 15. warn v. 警告；告诫 → warning n. 警告；警示 → warned adj. 受到警告的 ※16. protect v. 保护；防护 → protection n. 保护；防护 → protective adj. 保护的；防护的 → protector n. 保护者 17. prevent v. 预防；阻止 → prevention n. 预防；阻止 → preventive adj. 预防性的 18. danger n. 危险；风险 → dangerous adj. 危险的 → dangerously adv. 危险地 → endangered adj. 濒危的 ※19. vary v. 变化；改变 → variety n. 多样性；种类 → various adj. 各种各样的 → variably adv. 易变地 20. appoint v. 任命；委派 → appointment n. 任命；约会 → appointed adj. 指定的；约定的 21. crowd n. 人群；群众 v. 拥挤；挤满 → crowded adj. 拥挤的 → uncrowded adj. 不拥挤的 22. flee v. 逃跑；逃离 → flight n. 逃跑；航班 → fleeing adj. 逃跑的（现在分词作形容词） 23. panic v. & n. 恐慌；惊慌 → panicked adj. 感到恐慌的 → panicky adj. 易恐慌的 24. equip v. 装备；配备 → equipment n. 装备；设备 → equipped adj. 配备好的 25. remote adj. 遥远的；偏远的 → remotely adv. 遥远地；略微 → remoteness n. 遥远；偏僻 26. gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的 → gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 → gradualness n. 渐进性 27. frequent adj. 频繁的；经常的 → frequency n. 频率；频繁 → frequently adv. 频繁地 28. severe adj. 严重的；严厉的 → severely adv. 严重地；严厉地 → severity n. 严重性 29. urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的 → urgency n. 紧急；迫切 → urgently adv. 紧急地 30. stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的 → stability n. 稳定；稳固 → stabilize v. 使稳定 → stably adv. 稳定地 31. flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的 → flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性 → flexibly adv. 灵活地 ※32. efficient adj. 高效的；有能力的 → efficiency n. 效率；效能 → efficiently adv. 高效地 33. rely v. 依赖；依靠 → reliance n. 依赖；依靠 → reliable adj. 可靠的 → reliably adv. 可靠地 34. responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 → responsibility n. 责任；职责 → responsibly adv. 负责任地 ※35. accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 → accuracy n. 准确性；精确性 → accurately adv. 准确地 36. analyse v. 分析；研究 → analysis n. 分析；分析结果 → analytical adj. 分析的 → analyst n. 分析家 37. interpret v. 解释；说明 → interpretation n. 解释；诠释 → interpretive adj. 解释性的 38. clarify v. 澄清；阐明 → clarification n. 澄清；说明 → clear adj. 清晰的（基础变形） 39. classify v. 分类；归类 → classification n. 分类；类别 → classified adj. 分类的；机密的 40. simplify v. 简化；使简单 → simplification n. 简化；精简 → simple adj. 简单的 → simply adv. 简单地 41. multiply v. 乘；繁殖 → multiplication n. 乘法；繁殖 → multiple adj. 多个的；多样的 ※42. emphasize v. 强调；着重 → emphasis n. 强调；重点 → emphatic adj. 强调的；坚决的 → emphatically adv. 强调地 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. technology n. 技术；科技 2. convenient adj. 方便的；便利的 3. intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的 4. innovate v. 创新；革新 5. digital adj. 数字的；数码的 6. access n. 通道；机会；v. 接近；使用 7. connect v. 连接；联系 8. update v. 更新；升级；n. 更新；最新消息 9. benefit n. 益处；好处；v. 有益于；受益 10. efficiency n. 效率；效能 11. convenient adj. 方便的；便利的 12. intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的 13. automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的 14. signal n. 信号；暗号；v. 发信号；表明 15. network n. 网络；网状系统 16. data n. 数据；资料 17. environment n. 环境；周围状况 18. pollution n. 污染；污染物 19. protect v. 保护；防护 20. conserve v. 保护；保存 21. recycle v. 回收利用；循环使用 22. reduce v. 减少；降低 23. damage v. 损害；毁坏；n. 损害；损失 24. balance n. 平衡；均衡；v. 使平衡；权衡 25. sustainable adj. 可持续的；能长期维持的 26. ecosystem n. 生态系统 27. resource n. 资源；物力；财力 28. harmful adj. 有害的；致伤的 29. recover v. 恢复；康复；收回 30. historical adj. 历史的；与历史相关的 31. culture n. 文化；文明 32. tradition n. 传统；惯例 33. historical adj. 历史的；与历史相关的 34. heritage n. 遗产；传统 35. ancient adj. 古代的；古老的 36. historical adj. 历史的；与历史相关的 37. monument n. 纪念碑；纪念馆；遗迹 38. civilization n. 文明；文明社会 39. preserve v. 保护；保存；维护 40. explore v. 探索；考察；探究 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) 1. keep in touch 保持联系 2. lose contact with 与……失去联系 3. stay in touch with 与……保持联系 4. get in touch with 与……取得联系 5. fall apart 破裂；崩溃；散开 6. in memory of 为纪念；缅怀 7. rely on 依靠；依赖 8. count on 依靠；指望 9. be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人 10. in return 作为回报；反过来 11. take care of 照顾；照料；处理 12. look after 照顾；照料 13. at the same time 同时；然而 14. on the other hand 另一方面 15. in danger of 处于……的危险中 16. out of danger 脱离危险 17. protect ... from ... 保护……免受……伤害 18. prevent ... from ... 阻止……做…… 19. keep ... from ... 阻止……；使……不…… 20. die out 灭绝；逐渐消失 21. die down 逐渐减弱；平息 22. in peace 和平地；安详地 23. live in harmony 和谐共处 24. be fond of 喜欢；喜爱 25. care about 关心；在乎；在意 26. pay attention to 注意；重视 27. draw attention to 引起对……的注意 28. take action 采取行动 29. take measures 采取措施 30. make a difference 有影响；起作用 31. contribute to 有助于；促成；捐献 32. cut down 砍倒；削减；减少 33. cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 34. turn off 关闭；关掉 35. turn on 打开；开启 36. in order to 为了；以便 37. so as to 为了；以便 38. on account of 由于；因为 39. due to 由于；因为 40. as a result of 由于；作为……的结果 41. in addition 此外；另外 42. what’s more 而且；此外 ( 清单 0 4 高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩) ) 1. as引导非限制性定语从句 As we all know, protecting the environment is essential for human survival. 正如我们所知，保护环境对人类生存至关重要。 2. it作形式主语（It is+adj.+that从句） It is obvious that ancient civilizations have left precious cultural heritage for us. 很明显，古代文明为我们留下了宝贵的文化遗产。 3. when引导时间状语从句 When we use smart devices, we should pay attention to protecting personal information. 当我们使用智能设备时，应注意保护个人信息。 4. 强调句型（It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...） It was those brave explorers that opened up new trade routes in history. 正是那些勇敢的探险家在历史上开辟了新的贸易路线。 5. while引导让步状语从句 While there are challenges in environmental protection, we should still keep working hard. 虽然环境保护面临挑战，但我们仍应坚持努力。 6. 情态动词+have done表推测/虚拟 We could have made better use of new energy earlier to reduce pollution. 我们本可以更早地利用新能源来减少污染。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) 一、单元写作任务 以应用文为主（日记、建议信、介绍信、演讲稿、倡议书、报告等），兼顾说明文、记叙文等文体，贴合高考“应用文为主、多元文体为辅”的考查趋势；所有文体均强调“目的明确、逻辑清晰、语言得体、贴合主题”，需根据写作对象（同学、老师、公众等）调整语言风格（正式/非正式）。 二、通用表达 Unit 4 Friends forever ① 话题核心单词 友谊本质：friendship（友谊）, companion（同伴）, soulmate（灵魂伴侣）, trust（信任）, loyalty（忠诚）, understanding（理解）, mutual（相互的）, bond（纽带）；相处互动：communicate（沟通）, cooperate（合作）, support（支持）, comfort（安慰）, encourage（鼓励）, share（分享）, forgive（原谅）, resolve conflicts（解决矛盾）；情感与评价：grateful（感激的）, considerate（体贴的）, reliable（可靠的）, sincere（真诚的）, precious（珍贵的）, unforgettable（难忘的）, meaningful（有意义的）, trustworthy（值得信赖的）。 ② 话题句式模板 段首句（明确主题 / 目的 / 事件） 1. I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you, who have always been there to support me through difficult times.（感谢信） 2. I feel extremely sorry for what I did yesterday—I shouldn’t have argued with you over such a small matter.（道歉信） 3. Last Saturday, I had a wonderful picnic with my best friends in the park, and it reminded me how precious friendship is.（日记） 4. Today, I’d like to give a speech about how to maintain a long-lasting friendship, which is one of the most valuable treasures in our lives.（演讲稿） 5. I’m writing to invite you to my birthday party next weekend—I really hope you can come and share the joy with me.（邀请信） 主体段落（阐述细节 / 过程 / 理由 / 方法） 1. When I failed the mid-term exam last month, I was so depressed that I didn’t want to talk to anyone. It was you who stayed with me, listened to my complaints, and encouraged me to cheer up. You even spent your weekends helping me review the knowledge I missed.（结合时间状语从句 + 强调句，描述朋友的帮助） 2. To keep friendship strong, we should first learn to communicate openly. When we have different opinions, we shouldn’t keep silent—instead, we should express our thoughts politely and listen to each other’s ideas. Besides, being considerate is also important: remembering your friend’s birthday, caring about their feelings, and being there when they need you.（结合不定式 + 分点建议，阐述维护友谊的方法） 3. During the picnic, we prepared delicious food together, played interesting games, and shared our dreams for the future. What impressed me most was when Lily sang a song she wrote for our friendship—it made all of us feel warm and touched. We laughed, chatted, and forgot all the pressure from study for a while.（结合并列谓语 + 主语从句，描述友谊相关场景） 4. I know I was too stubborn yesterday and said some hurtful words. I’ve reflected on my mistake deeply and realized that true friendship should be based on forgiveness and understanding. I hope you can give me a chance to make up for it—I’d like to treat you to your favorite dinner this weekend.（结合宾语从句，表达道歉的诚意与补救措施） 段尾句（总结 / 感悟 / 期待 / 呼吁） 1. Thank you again for your selfless help and sincere care. I will cherish our friendship forever and be there for you whenever you need me.（感谢信结尾） 2. This experience made me understand that friendship is not just about sharing happiness, but also about supporting each other through hard times. I’m lucky to have such good friends in my life.（日记 / 记叙文结尾） 3. I sincerely hope you can forgive me. Let’s put this misunderstanding behind us and continue to be the best friends we used to be.（道歉信结尾） 4. Friendship needs to be nurtured with patience and care. Let’s all treasure the friends around us and build more meaningful and lasting friendships.（演讲稿结尾） 5. I’m looking forward to your reply and hoping to see you at my birthday party. It won’t be the same without you!（邀请信结尾） （2）Unit 5 Into the wild ① 话题核心单词（高考高频 + 教材重点） 野外探险与活动 expedition（探险队）, hike（徒步旅行）, camp（露营）, trek（长途跋涉）, navigate（导航）, explore（探索）, venture into（冒险进入）, set off（出发）, embark on（着手进行）, traverse（穿越）； 生存技能与装备 survival skills（生存技能）, first aid（急救）, compass（指南针）, flashlight（手电筒）, portable（便携式的）, supplies（物资）, shelter（庇护所）, purify water（净化水）, start a fire（生火）, signal for help（求救信号）； 自然景观与生物 wilderness（荒野）, jungle（丛林）, desert（沙漠）, mountain range（山脉）, valley（山谷）, stream（小溪）, wildlife（野生动物）, creature（生物）, habitat（栖息地）, vegetation（植被）, rare species（珍稀物种）； 情感与态度 adventurous（爱冒险的）, courageous（勇敢的）, cautious（谨慎的）, resilient（坚韧的）, fascinated（着迷的）, awe-struck（惊叹的）, determined（坚定的）, terrified（恐惧的）, thrilled（兴奋的）。 ② 话题句式模板（完整表达，适配高考写作） 1. 日记（记录野外经历 / 体验） 段首句（点明时间 / 事件 / 地点）： 1. On October 15th, my classmates and I set off for a two-day hiking trip to the remote mountain range, and I never expected it to be such an unforgettable adventure. 2. Under the bright sunshine, we embarked on our journey to explore the primeval forest, filled with excitement and curiosity about the unknown wild. 主体段落（描述过程 / 所见所感 / 遇到的情况）： 1. As we trekked through the dense jungle, we were surrounded by the sounds of birds singing and leaves rustling. We stopped from time to time to observe rare butterflies and take photos of the breathtaking waterfalls. 2. On the second day, we encountered a sudden rainstorm. We quickly used our tents to build a temporary shelter and shared the remaining energy bars and mineral water. Although we were wet and tired, we encouraged each other and never gave up. 3. What impressed me most was when we found a clear stream and learned to purify water with the portable water purifier our teacher provided. It made me realize the importance of mastering basic survival skills. 段尾句（总结感悟 / 收获）： 1. This hiking trip not only let me experience the beauty of untouched nature but also taught me the value of teamwork and resilience. I will cherish this memory forever. 2. After returning home, I deeply understood that nature is both magnificent and unpredictable, and we should always keep a cautious attitude when venturing into the wild. 2. 建议信（给准备野外活动的人提建议） 段首句（点明目的 / 背景）： 1. I heard that you are going to participate in a wilderness expedition next month, so I’m writing to offer some practical suggestions to help you have a safe and enjoyable trip. 2. As someone who has had several hiking experiences in the wild, I’d like to share some key tips with you on how to stay safe and make the most of your adventure. 主体段落（分点提建议 + 理由）： 1. First of all, you should prepare adequate outdoor gear, such as a waterproof tent, a reliable compass, and enough food and water. These items are essential for dealing with unexpected situations in the wilderness. 2. Secondly, it’s crucial to learn basic first aid and survival skills before setting off. For example, you should know how to start a fire to keep warm and signal for help, and how to identify edible plants to avoid poisoning. 3. In addition, you’d better travel with a partner instead of going alone. If you encounter dangers like getting lost or injured, having a companion can help you seek assistance and increase your chances of survival. 段尾句（表达期待 / 祝福）： I hope these suggestions can be helpful to you. May you have a wonderful and safe adventure in the wild! If you have any other questions about wilderness travel, feel free to ask me. I’m always willing to share more experience with you. （3）Unit 6 At One with Nature（与自然和谐共处） ① 话题核心单词： 自然景观：scenery（风景）, landscape（景观）, mountain range（山脉）, forest（森林）, waterfall（瀑布）, valley（山谷）, coastal area（沿海地区）； 自然与人类：harmony（和谐）, coexist（共存）, respect nature（尊重自然）, protect（保护）, destroy（破坏）, preserve（保存）, ecological balance（生态平衡）； 户外体验：camping（露营）, hiking（徒步）, cycling（骑行）, observe nature（观察自然）, get close to nature（亲近自然）。 ② 话题句式模板： 段首句（明确主题/事件）： 1. Last summer vacation, my family and I went camping in the mountain range, and that experience made me deeply realize the beauty of nature and the importance of protecting it.（日记） 2. We are launching an “Get Close to Nature” campaign to encourage students to spend more time outdoors and learn to coexist harmoniously with nature.（倡议书） 3. I’m writing to introduce my hometown’s coastal wetland, which is not only a beautiful scenic spot but also an important habitat for many rare birds.（介绍信） 主体段落（阐述细节/倡议/特色）： 1. During the camping trip, we woke up to the sound of birds singing, hiked through dense forests, and watched the sunset over the mountains. We also made sure not to leave any garbage, as we wanted to protect the clean environment.（结合并列谓语+原因状语从句，描述户外体验） 2. To carry out this campaign, we have planned three activities: first, organize weekly hiking trips to the suburban forest; second, hold a photo contest of natural scenery to show the beauty of nature; third, invite experts to give lectures on ecological protection.（分点提出倡议，逻辑清晰） 3. The coastal wetland in my hometown covers an area of over 100 hectares, with green reeds and clear water everywhere. Every winter, thousands of migratory birds come here to spend the winter, attracting many birdwatchers from all over the country.（结合数字+描述性语言，介绍自然特色） 段尾句（总结/呼吁/期待）： 1. Getting close to nature can help us relax our minds and cherish the environment; let’s make it a habit to go outdoors and protect nature.（倡议书结尾） 2. This camping trip was an unforgettable experience, and it taught me that only when we respect nature can we live in harmony with it.（日记结尾） 3. If you have the chance to visit my hometown, I sincerely invite you to visit the coastal wetland—you will be amazed by its beauty and the magic of nature.（介绍信结尾） ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The brave firefighters managed to rescue (营救) all the people trapped in the burning building. 2. Natural disasters (灾难) like earthquakes and floods often cause great damage to human society. 3. We should learn to survive (生存) in difficult situations by developing practical skills. 4. The storm destroyed (摧毁) dozens of houses in the small village last night. 5. Many volunteers offered to donate (捐赠) money and supplies to the homeless people. 6. Doctors are trying their best to find a cure (治愈方法) for this rare disease. 7. It’s important to prevent (预防) accidents by following safety rules in daily life. 8. We should protect (保护) wild animals and their natural habitats from destruction. 9. People around the world admire (钦佩) Yuan Longping for his contribution to agriculture. 10. The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival (节日) celebrated by family gatherings. 11. They plan to celebrate (庆祝) their 10th wedding anniversary with a trip to Paris. 12. All family members gathered (聚集) at grandparents’ home for the MidAutumn Festival. 13. We decorated (装饰) the Christmas tree with lights and gifts to create a festive atmosphere. 14. I really appreciate (感激) your help when I was in trouble last month. 15. It’s difficult to forgive (原谅) someone who has hurt you deeply, but it’s good for your own peace. 16. He apologized (道歉) to his teacher for being late again due to traffic jams. 17. She had to struggle (奋斗) against poverty to finish her college education. 18. With hard work and perseverance, you can achieve (实现) your dreams sooner or later. 19. The heavy rain caused serious damage (损害) to the crops in the countryside. 20. We need to strengthen (加强) our friendship by communicating more often. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2023新课标I卷) The analysis (analyse) of the survey results helped us identify students’ learning needs. 2. (2024全国乙卷) After careful assessment (assess), the committee approved the research project. 3. (2025新课标II卷) She felt convinced (convince) that her efforts would eventually pay off. 4. (2023全国甲卷) The teacher’s clarification (clarify) of the key concept made it easier to understand. 5. (2024新课标I卷) There is a clear contradiction (contradict) between his words and actions. 6. (2025新高考I卷) His commitment (commit) to environmental protection won him public praise. 7. (2023新高考II卷) We were delighted (delight) to hear the news of his academic success. 8. (2024全国甲卷) The definition (define) of this term is essential for grasping the passage’s main idea. 9. (2025新课标I卷) Her demonstration (demonstrate) of the experiment was clear and professional. 10. (2023全国乙卷) He became depressed (depress) after failing the important exam. 11. (2024新高考II卷) The assignment (assign) given by the professor requires teamwork. 12. (2025全国乙卷) Regular physical exercise is beneficial (benefit) to both body and mind. 13. (2023新课标II卷) The classification (classify) of the books helps readers find them easily. 14. (2024新课标II卷) His judgement (judge) on the matter was based on facts, not emotions. 15. (2025新高考II卷) The calculation (calculate) of the budget must be accurate to avoid waste. 16. (2023新高考I卷) The description (describe) of the scenic spot in the article is vivid. 17. (2024全国乙卷) The correspondence (correspond) between the two poets lasted for years. 18. (2025全国甲卷) The manager’s approval (approve) is needed before we start the project. 19. (2023全国甲卷) It is reasonable (reason) to ask for a extension if you can’t finish on time. 20. (2024新课标I卷) Her optimism (optimistic) helped her get through the difficult period. ( 题型 0 3 2 完成句子(精彩句型，活学即用) ) 1. 消防员们冒着生命危险营救了被困在倒塌建筑中的居民。 Firefighters risked their lives to rescue the residents trapped in the collapsed building. 2. 政府已经采取了一系列措施来预防洪水等自然灾害。 The government has taken a series of measures to prevent natural disasters like floods. 3. 在春节期间，家家户户都会团聚在一起吃年夜饭、贴春联。 During the Spring Festival, every family gathers to have the New Year’s Eve dinner and paste Spring Festival couplets. 4. 我们应该感激那些在疫情期间无私奉献的医护人员。 We should appreciate the medical workers who made selfless contributions during the pandemic. 5. 经过多年的努力，他终于实现了成为一名科学家的梦想。 After years of hard work, he finally achieved his dream of becoming a scientist. 6. 这个村子在暴风雨中遭受了严重的破坏，但村民们没有放弃希望。 The village suffered serious damage in the storm, but the villagers did not give up hope. 7. 为了保护野生动物，我们不应该购买或食用野味。 To protect wild animals, we should not buy or eat wild game. 8. 他为自己的无礼行为向老师道歉，并承诺以后会更加尊重他人。 He apologized to his teacher for his rude behavior and promised to show more respect to others in the future. $专题02 必修第一册 4~6单元词汇短语句型梳理 ( 清单 01 词类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 1. ____________ n. 灾难；灾祸 → ____________ adj. 灾难性的 → ____________ adv. 灾难性地 ※2. ____________ v. 破坏；毁灭 → ____________ n. 破坏；毁灭 → ____________ adj. 破坏性的 3. ____________ v. 幸存；存活 → ____________ n. 幸存；生存 → ____________ n. 幸存者 → ____________ adj. 可存活的 4. ____________ v. 伤害；损害 → ____________ n. 伤害；损伤 → ____________ adj. 受伤的 5. ____________ v. & n. 营救；救援 → ____________ n. 营救者；救援人员 6. ____________ v. & n. 损害；损坏 → ____________ adj. 有破坏性的 7. ____________ v. 使震惊 n. 震惊；休克 → ____________ adj. 感到震惊的 → ____________ adj. 令人震惊的 ※8. ____________ v. 影响；打动 → ____________ n. 影响；效果 → ____________ adj. 有效的 → ____________ adv. 有效地 9. ____________ n. 避难所；遮蔽物 v. 遮蔽；庇护 → ____________ adj. 受庇护的；安全的 10. ____________ v. 供应；提供 n. 供应；补给 → ____________ n. 供应商；供应者 → ____________ n. 补充物（补充变形） 11. ____________ v. 遭受；忍受 → ____________ n. 痛苦；苦难 → ____________ n. 受害者；患者 12. ____________ n. 力量；体力 → ____________ adj. 强壮的 → ____________ v. 加强；巩固 → ____________ adv. 强烈地 13. ____________ adj. 勇敢的 → ____________ n. 勇敢；勇气 → ____________ adv. 勇敢地 14. ____________ adj. 平静的；冷静的 v. 使平静；冷静 → ____________ adv. 平静地；冷静地 → ____________ n. 平静；冷静 15. ____________ v. 警告；告诫 → ____________ n. 警告；警示 → ____________ adj. 受到警告的 ※16. ____________ v. 保护；防护 → ____________ n. 保护；防护 → ____________ adj. 保护的；防护的 → ____________ n. 保护者 17. ____________ v. 预防；阻止 → ____________ n. 预防；阻止 → ____________ adj. 预防性的 18. ____________ n. 危险；风险 → ____________ adj. 危险的 → ____________ adv. 危险地 → ____________ adj. 濒危的 ※19. ____________ v. 变化；改变 → ____________ n. 多样性；种类 → ____________ adj. 各种各样的 → ____________ adv. 易变地 20. ____________ v. 任命；委派 → ____________ n. 任命；约会 → ____________ adj. 指定的；约定的 21. ____________ n. 人群；群众 v. 拥挤；挤满 → ____________ adj. 拥挤的 → ____________ adj. 不拥挤的 22. ____________ v. 逃跑；逃离 → ____________ n. 逃跑；航班 → ____________ adj. 逃跑的（现在分词作形容词） 23. ____________ v. & n. 恐慌；惊慌 → ____________ adj. 感到恐慌的 → ____________ adj. 易恐慌的 24. ____________ v. 装备；配备 → ____________ n. 装备；设备 → ____________ adj. 配备好的 25. ____________ adj. 遥远的；偏远的 → ____________ adv. 遥远地；略微 → ____________ n. 遥远；偏僻 26. ____________ adj. 逐渐的；逐步的 → ____________ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 → ____________ n. 渐进性 27. ____________ adj. 频繁的；经常的 → ____________ n. 频率；频繁 → ____________ adv. 频繁地 28. ____________ adj. 严重的；严厉的 → ____________ adv. 严重地；严厉地 → ____________ n. 严重性 29. ____________ adj. 紧急的；紧迫的 → ____________ n. 紧急；迫切 → ____________ adv. 紧急地 30. ____________ adj. 稳定的；稳固的 → ____________ n. 稳定；稳固 → ____________ v. 使稳定 → ____________ adv. 稳定地 31. ____________ adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的 → ____________ n. 灵活性；柔韧性 → ____________ adv. 灵活地 ※32. ____________ adj. 高效的；有能力的 → ____________ n. 效率；效能 → ____________ adv. 高效地 33. ____________ v. 依赖；依靠 → ____________ n. 依赖；依靠 → ____________ adj. 可靠的 → ____________ adv. 可靠地 34. ____________ adj. 负责的；有责任的 → ____________ n. 责任；职责 → ____________ adv. 负责任地 ※35. ____________ adj. 准确的；精确的 → ____________ n. 准确性；精确性 → ____________ adv. 准确地 36. ____________ v. 分析；研究 → ____________ n. 分析；分析结果 → ____________ adj. 分析的 → ____________ n. 分析家 37. ____________ v. 解释；说明 → ____________ n. 解释；诠释 → ____________ adj. 解释性的 38. ____________ v. 澄清；阐明 → ____________ n. 澄清；说明 → ____________ adj. 清晰的（基础变形） 39. ____________ v. 分类；归类 → ____________ n. 分类；类别 → ____________ adj. 分类的；机密的 40. ____________ v. 简化；使简单 → ____________ n. 简化；精简 → ____________ adj. 简单的 → ____________ adv. 简单地 41. ____________ v. 乘；繁殖 → ____________ n. 乘法；繁殖 → ____________ adj. 多个的；多样的 ※42. ____________ v. 强调；着重 → ____________ n. 强调；重点 → ____________ adj. 强调的；坚决的 → ____________ adv. 强调地 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. technology n. ____________；____________ 2. convenient adj. ____________；____________ 3. intelligent adj. ____________；____________ 4. innovate v. ____________；____________ 5. digital adj. ____________；____________ 6. access n. ____________；____________；v. ____________；____________ 7. connect v. ____________；____________ 8. update v. ____________；____________；n. ____________；____________ 9. benefit n. ____________；____________；v. ____________；____________ 10. efficiency n. ____________；____________ 11. convenient adj. ____________；____________ 12. intelligent adj. ____________；____________ 13. automatic adj. ____________；____________ 14. signal n. ____________；____________；v. ____________；____________ 15. network n. ____________；____________ 16. data n. ____________；____________ 17. environment n. ____________；____________ 18. pollution n. ____________；____________ 19. protect v. ____________；____________ 20. conserve v. ____________；____________ ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) )21. recycle v. ____________；____________ 22. reduce v. ____________；____________ 23. damage v. ____________；____________；n. ____________；____________ 24. balance n. ____________；____________；v. ____________；____________ 25. sustainable adj. ____________；____________ 26. ecosystem n. ____________ 27. resource n. ____________；____________；____________ 28. harmful adj. ____________；____________ 29. recover v. ____________；____________；____________ 30. historical adj. ____________；____________ 31. culture n. ____________；____________ 32. tradition n. ____________；____________ 33. historical adj. ____________；____________ 34. heritage n. ____________；____________ 35. ancient adj. ____________；____________ 36. historical adj. ____________；____________ 37. monument n. ____________；____________；____________ 38. civilization n. ____________；____________ 39. preserve v. ____________；____________；____________ 40. explore v. ____________；____________；____________ 1. ____________ 保持联系 2. ____________ 与……失去联系 3. ____________ 与……保持联系 4. ____________ 与……取得联系 5. ____________ 破裂；崩溃；散开 6. ____________ 为纪念；缅怀 7. ____________ 依靠；依赖 8. ____________ 依靠；指望 9. ____________ 因某事感激某人 10. ____________ 作为回报；反过来 11. ____________ 照顾；照料；处理 12. ____________ 照顾；照料 13. ____________ 同时；然而 14. ____________ 另一方面 15. ____________ 处于……的危险中 16. ____________ 脱离危险 17. ____________ 保护……免受……伤害 18. ____________ 阻止……做…… 19. ____________ 阻止……；使……不…… 20. ____________ 灭绝；逐渐消失 21. ____________ 逐渐减弱；平息 22. ____________ 和平地；安详地 23. ____________ 和谐共处 24. ____________ 喜欢；喜爱 25. ____________ 关心；在乎；在意 26. ____________ 注意；重视 27. ____________ 引起对……的注意 28. ____________ 采取行动 29. ____________ 采取措施 30. ____________ 有影响；起作用 31. ____________ 有助于；促成；捐献 32. ____________ 砍倒；削减；减少 33. ____________ 切断；中断；隔绝 34. ____________ 关闭；关掉 35. ____________ 打开；开启 36. ____________ 为了；以便 37. ____________ 为了；以便 38. ____________ 由于；因为 39. ____________ 由于；因为 40. ____________ 由于；作为……的结果 41. ____________ 此外；另外 42. ____________ 而且；此外 ( 清单 0 4 高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩) ) ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) 1. as引导非限制性定语从句 As ____________, protecting the environment is essential for human survival. 正如我们所知，保护环境对人类生存至关重要。 2. it作形式主语（It is+adj.+that从句） It is obvious that ____________. 很明显，古代文明为我们留下了宝贵的文化遗产。 3. when引导时间状语从句 When ____________, we should pay attention to protecting personal information. 当我们使用智能设备时，应注意保护个人信息。 4. 强调句型（It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...） It was ____________ that opened up new trade routes in history. 正是那些勇敢的探险家在历史上开辟了新的贸易路线。 5. while引导让步状语从句 While ____________, we should still keep working hard. 虽然环境保护面临挑战，但我们仍应坚持努力。 6. 情态动词+have done表推测/虚拟 We could have ____________ to reduce pollution. 我们本可以更早地利用新能源来减少污染。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) 一、单元写作任务 以应用文为主（日记、建议信、介绍信、演讲稿、倡议书、报告等），兼顾说明文、记叙文等文体，贴合高考“应用文为主、多元文体为辅”的考查趋势；所有文体均强调“目的明确、逻辑清晰、语言得体、贴合主题”，需根据写作对象（同学、老师、公众等）调整语言风格（正式/非正式）。 二、通用表达 Unit 4 Friends forever ① 话题核心单词 友谊本质：friendship（友谊）, companion（同伴）, soulmate（灵魂伴侣）, trust（信任）, loyalty（忠诚）, understanding（理解）, mutual（相互的）, bond（纽带）；相处互动：communicate（沟通）, cooperate（合作）, support（支持）, comfort（安慰）, encourage（鼓励）, share（分享）, forgive（原谅）, resolve conflicts（解决矛盾）；情感与评价：grateful（感激的）, considerate（体贴的）, reliable（可靠的）, sincere（真诚的）, precious（珍贵的）, unforgettable（难忘的）, meaningful（有意义的）, trustworthy（值得信赖的）。 ② 话题句式模板 段首句（明确主题 / 目的 / 事件） 1.I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you, who have always been there to support me through difficult times.（感谢信） 2.I feel extremely sorry for what I did yesterday—I shouldn’t have argued with you over such a small matter.（道歉信） 3.Last Saturday, I had a wonderful picnic with my best friends in the park, and it reminded me how precious friendship is.（日记） 4.Today, I’d like to give a speech about how to maintain a long-lasting friendship, which is one of the most valuable treasures in our lives.（演讲稿） 5.I’m writing to invite you to my birthday party next weekend—I really hope you can come and share the joy with me.（邀请信） 主体段落（阐述细节 / 过程 / 理由 / 方法） 1.When I failed the mid-term exam last month, I was so depressed that I didn’t want to talk to anyone. It was you who stayed with me, listened to my complaints, and encouraged me to cheer up. You even spent your weekends helping me review the knowledge I missed.（结合时间状语从句 + 强调句，描述朋友的帮助） 2.To keep friendship strong, we should first learn to communicate openly. When we have different opinions, we shouldn’t keep silent—instead, we should express our thoughts politely and listen to each other’s ideas. Besides, being considerate is also important: remembering your friend’s birthday, caring about their feelings, and being there when they need you.（结合不定式 + 分点建议，阐述维护友谊的方法） 3.During the picnic, we prepared delicious food together, played interesting games, and shared our dreams for the future. What impressed me most was when Lily sang a song she wrote for our friendship—it made all of us feel warm and touched. We laughed, chatted, and forgot all the pressure from study for a while.（结合并列谓语 + 主语从句，描述友谊相关场景） 4.I know I was too stubborn yesterday and said some hurtful words. I’ve reflected on my mistake deeply and realized that true friendship should be based on forgiveness and understanding. I hope you can give me a chance to make up for it—I’d like to treat you to your favorite dinner this weekend.（结合宾语从句，表达道歉的诚意与补救措施） 段尾句（总结 / 感悟 / 期待 / 呼吁） 1.Thank you again for your selfless help and sincere care. I will cherish our friendship forever and be there for you whenever you need me.（感谢信结尾） 2.This experience made me understand that friendship is not just about sharing happiness, but also about supporting each other through hard times. I’m lucky to have such good friends in my life.（日记 / 记叙文结尾） 3.I sincerely hope you can forgive me. Let’s put this misunderstanding behind us and continue to be the best friends we used to be.（道歉信结尾） 4.Friendship needs to be nurtured with patience and care. Let’s all treasure the friends around us and build more meaningful and lasting friendships.（演讲稿结尾） 5.I’m looking forward to your reply and hoping to see you at my birthday party. It won’t be the same without you!（邀请信结尾） （2）Unit 5 Into the wild ① 话题核心单词（高考高频 + 教材重点） 野外探险与活动 expedition（探险队）, hike（徒步旅行）, camp（露营）, trek（长途跋涉）, navigate（导航）, explore（探索）, venture into（冒险进入）, set off（出发）, embark on（着手进行）, traverse（穿越）； 生存技能与装备 survival skills（生存技能）, first aid（急救）, compass（指南针）, flashlight（手电筒）, portable（便携式的）, supplies（物资）, shelter（庇护所）, purify water（净化水）, start a fire（生火）, signal for help（求救信号）； 自然景观与生物 wilderness（荒野）, jungle（丛林）, desert（沙漠）, mountain range（山脉）, valley（山谷）, stream（小溪）, wildlife（野生动物）, creature（生物）, habitat（栖息地）, vegetation（植被）, rare species（珍稀物种）； 情感与态度 adventurous（爱冒险的）, courageous（勇敢的）, cautious（谨慎的）, resilient（坚韧的）, fascinated（着迷的）, awe-struck（惊叹的）, determined（坚定的）, terrified（恐惧的）, thrilled（兴奋的）。 ② 话题句式模板（完整表达，适配高考写作） 1. 日记（记录野外经历 / 体验） 段首句（点明时间 / 事件 / 地点）： 1.On October 15th, my classmates and I set off for a two-day hiking trip to the remote mountain range, and I never expected it to be such an unforgettable adventure. 2.Under the bright sunshine, we embarked on our journey to explore the primeval forest, filled with excitement and curiosity about the unknown wild. 主体段落（描述过程 / 所见所感 / 遇到的情况）： 1.As we trekked through the dense jungle, we were surrounded by the sounds of birds singing and leaves rustling. We stopped from time to time to observe rare butterflies and take photos of the breathtaking waterfalls. 2.On the second day, we encountered a sudden rainstorm. We quickly used our tents to build a temporary shelter and shared the remaining energy bars and mineral water. Although we were wet and tired, we encouraged each other and never gave up. 3.What impressed me most was when we found a clear stream and learned to purify water with the portable water purifier our teacher provided. It made me realize the importance of mastering basic survival skills. 段尾句（总结感悟 / 收获）： 1.This hiking trip not only let me experience the beauty of untouched nature but also taught me the value of teamwork and resilience. I will cherish this memory forever. 2.After returning home, I deeply understood that nature is both magnificent and unpredictable, and we should always keep a cautious attitude when venturing into the wild. 2. 建议信（给准备野外活动的人提建议） 段首句（点明目的 / 背景）： 1.I heard that you are going to participate in a wilderness expedition next month, so I’m writing to offer some practical suggestions to help you have a safe and enjoyable trip. 2.As someone who has had several hiking experiences in the wild, I’d like to share some key tips with you on how to stay safe and make the most of your adventure. 主体段落（分点提建议 + 理由）： 1.First of all, you should prepare adequate outdoor gear, such as a waterproof tent, a reliable compass, and enough food and water. These items are essential for dealing with unexpected situations in the wilderness. 2.Secondly, it’s crucial to learn basic first aid and survival skills before setting off. For example, you should know how to start a fire to keep warm and signal for help, and how to identify edible plants to avoid poisoning. 3.In addition, you’d better travel with a partner instead of going alone. If you encounter dangers like getting lost or injured, having a companion can help you seek assistance and increase your chances of survival. 段尾句（表达期待 / 祝福）： I hope these suggestions can be helpful to you. May you have a wonderful and safe adventure in the wild! If you have any other questions about wilderness travel, feel free to ask me. I’m always willing to share more experience with you. （3）Unit 6 At One with Nature（与自然和谐共处） ① 话题核心单词： 自然景观：scenery（风景）, landscape（景观）, mountain range（山脉）, forest（森林）, waterfall（瀑布）, valley（山谷）, coastal area（沿海地区）； 自然与人类：harmony（和谐）, coexist（共存）, respect nature（尊重自然）, protect（保护）, destroy（破坏）, preserve（保存）, ecological balance（生态平衡）； 户外体验：camping（露营）, hiking（徒步）, cycling（骑行）, observe nature（观察自然）, get close to nature（亲近自然）。 ② 话题句式模板： 段首句（明确主题/事件）： 1. Last summer vacation, my family and I went camping in the mountain range, and that experience made me deeply realize the beauty of nature and the importance of protecting it.（日记） 2. We are launching an “Get Close to Nature” campaign to encourage students to spend more time outdoors and learn to coexist harmoniously with nature.（倡议书） 3. I’m writing to introduce my hometown’s coastal wetland, which is not only a beautiful scenic spot but also an important habitat for many rare birds.（介绍信） 主体段落（阐述细节/倡议/特色）： 1. During the camping trip, we woke up to the sound of birds singing, hiked through dense forests, and watched the sunset over the mountains. We also made sure not to leave any garbage, as we wanted to protect the clean environment.（结合并列谓语+原因状语从句，描述户外体验） 2. To carry out this campaign, we have planned three activities: first, organize weekly hiking trips to the suburban forest; second, hold a photo contest of natural scenery to show the beauty of nature; third, invite experts to give lectures on ecological protection.（分点提出倡议，逻辑清晰） 3. The coastal wetland in my hometown covers an area of over 100 hectares, with green reeds and clear water everywhere. Every winter, thousands of migratory birds come here to spend the winter, attracting many birdwatchers from all over the country.（结合数字+描述性语言，介绍自然特色） 段尾句（总结/呼吁/期待）： 1. Getting close to nature can help us relax our minds and cherish the environment; let’s make it a habit to go outdoors and protect nature.（倡议书结尾） 2. This camping trip was an unforgettable experience, and it taught me that only when we respect nature can we live in harmony with it.（日记结尾） 3. If you have the chance to visit my hometown, I sincerely invite you to visit the coastal wetland—you will be amazed by its beauty and the magic of nature.（介绍信结尾） ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. The brave firefighters managed to ____________ (营救) all the people trapped in the burning building. 2. Natural ____________ (灾难) like earthquakes and floods often cause great damage to human society. 3. We should learn to ____________ (生存) in difficult situations by developing practical skills. 4. The storm ____________ (摧毁) dozens of houses in the small village last night. 5. Many volunteers offered to ____________ (捐赠) money and supplies to the homeless people. 6. Doctors are trying their best to find a ____________ (治愈方法) for this rare disease. 7. It’s important to ____________ (预防) accidents by following safety rules in daily life. 8. We should ____________ (保护) wild animals and their natural habitats from destruction. 9. People around the world ____________ (钦佩) Yuan Longping for his contribution to agriculture. 10. The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese ____________ (节日) celebrated by family gatherings. 11. They plan to ____________ (庆祝) their 10th wedding anniversary with a trip to Paris. 12. All family members ____________ (聚集) at grandparents’ home for the Mid-Autumn Festival. 13. We ____________ (装饰) the Christmas tree with lights and gifts to create a festive atmosphere. 14. I really ____________ (感激) your help when I was in trouble last month. 15. It’s difficult to ____________ (原谅) someone who has hurt you deeply, but it’s good for your own peace. 16. He ____________ (道歉) to his teacher for being late again due to traffic jams. 17. She had to ____________ (奋斗) against poverty to finish her college education. 18. With hard work and perseverance, you can ____________ (实现) your dreams sooner or later. 19. The heavy rain caused serious ____________ (损害) to the crops in the countryside. 20. We need to ____________ (加强) our friendship by communicating more often. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2023新课标I卷) The ____________ (analyse) of the survey results helped us identify students’ learning needs. 2. (2024全国乙卷) After careful ____________ (assess), the committee approved the research project. 3. (2025新课标II卷) She felt ____________ (convince) that her efforts would eventually pay off. 4. (2023全国甲卷) The teacher’s ____________ (clarify) of the key concept made it easier to understand. 5. (2024新课标I卷) There is a clear ____________ (contradict) between his words and actions. 6. (2025新高考I卷) His ____________ (commit) to environmental protection won him public praise. 7. (2023新高考II卷) We were ____________ (delight) to hear the news of his academic success. 8. (2024全国甲卷) The ____________ (define) of this term is essential for grasping the passage’s main idea. 9. (2025新课标I卷) Her ____________ (demonstrate) of the experiment was clear and professional. 10. (2023全国乙卷) He became ____________ (depress) after failing the important exam. 11. (2024新高考II卷) The ____________ (assign) given by the professor requires teamwork. 12. (2025全国乙卷) Regular physical exercise is ____________ (benefit) to both body and mind. 13. (2023新课标II卷) The ____________ (classify) of the books helps readers find them easily. 14. (2024新课标II卷) His ____________ (judge) on the matter was based on facts, not emotions. 15. (2025新高考II卷) The ____________ (calculate) of the budget must be accurate to avoid waste. 16. (2023新高考I卷) The ____________ (describe) of the scenic spot in the article is vivid. 17. (2024全国乙卷) The ____________ (correspond) between the two poets lasted for years. 18. (2025全国甲卷) The manager’s ____________ (approve) is needed before we start the project. 19. (2023全国甲卷) It is ____________ (reason) to ask for a extension if you can’t finish on time. 20. (2024新课标I卷) Her ____________ (optimistic) helped her get through the difficult period. ( 题型 0 3 2 完成句子(精彩句型，活学即用) ) 1. 消防员们冒着生命危险营救了被困在倒塌建筑中的居民。 Firefighters ____________ ____________ in the collapsed building. 2. 政府已经采取了一系列措施来预防洪水等自然灾害。 The government ____________ to prevent natural disasters like floods. 3. 在春节期间，家家户户都会团聚在一起吃年夜饭、贴春联。 During the Spring Festival, every family ____________ have the New Year’s Eve dinner and paste Spring Festival couplets. 4. 我们应该感激那些在疫情期间无私奉献的医护人员。 ____________ the medical workers who made selfless contributions during the pandemic. 5. 经过多年的努力，他终于实现了成为一名科学家的梦想。 After years of hard work, he finally ____________. 6. 这个村子在暴风雨中遭受了严重的破坏，但村民们没有放弃希望。 The village ____________ in the storm, but the villagers did not give up hope. 7. 为了保护野生动物，我们不应该购买或食用野味。 ____________, we should not buy or eat wild game. 8. 他为自己的无礼行为向老师道歉，并承诺以后会更加尊重他人。 He apologized to his teacher for his rude behavior and promised to ____________in the future. $