专题12 概要写作之记叙文：提取叙事要素，明确写作要求（题型专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题12概要写作之记叙文 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01核心叙事要素提取 考向02叙事逻辑与情感基调保留【重难】 考向03语言表达规范 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 记叙文概要写作是高考英语概要写作的常见体裁，核心考查对叙事性文本的梳理、信息提炼及简洁表达能力。选材多为情节完整的短篇故事，涵盖个人经历、寓言故事、人物事迹等，文本兼具故事性与情感或哲理内核。要求考生在约 60 词内，精准呈现故事主干，不添加主观评论，同时保留关键情感或主旨，既考查语言压缩能力，也考验对叙事逻辑的把握。 设题类型 主要分为两类：一是 “个人经历类”，选材多为作者或他人的成长故事、意外事件、难忘经历等，如校园生活、旅行奇遇、克服困难的经历，侧重情节的时间线与情感变化；二是 “寓言 / 哲理故事类”，以动物故事、民间小故事为载体，蕴含明确的道德或人生道理，如诚信、坚持、换位思考等，需兼顾情节与寓意提炼。两类题型均要求区分主次信息，避免冗余细节，突出核心脉络。 命题方式 命题多采用 “文本 + 要求” 的形式，文本长度约 200-300 词，为完整叙事结构。题干明确要求 “概括短文主要内容”，强调 “用自己的话表达”“不超过 60 词”“涵盖关键信息” 等。选材多来自外刊改编或经典短篇，语言难度贴合高考水平，情节清晰且逻辑连贯，通常包含 “背景 — 发展 — 高潮 — 结局” 完整链条，部分文本结尾直接点明主旨，为概要提炼提供线索，确保考生有明确的信息提取方向。 解题思路 第一步 “梳理情节”：快速通读文本，标记时间、人物、事件（起因、经过、结果）核心要素，用箭头梳理叙事逻辑，剔除细节描写（如环境、动作细节）。第二步 “提炼主旨”：若为个人经历，锁定情感变化或成长收获；若为寓言故事，明确结尾或隐含的哲理。第三步 “语言整合”：用简洁句式串联要素，采用 “人物 + 事件（起因 + 经过 + 结果）+ 主旨” 结构，使用同义替换避免原文复现，如用 “managed to” 替代 “succeeded in”。第四步 “检查优化”：核对字数，确保无主观添加，逻辑连贯且核心信息无遗漏。 考向01核心叙事要素提取 【例1-1】（2025 年上海普陀一模） Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake in the last inning that cost his team a score. Feeling ashamed and worried that his teammates would blame him, Angus tried to hide behind the water cooler. His coach, Mr. Carter, noticed his low spirits and sat next to him. Instead of scolding, Mr. Carter shared his own experience of missing a crucial shot in a high school game and explained that mistakes are part of learning. Inspired, Angus gathered courage to apologize to his teammates, who warmly forgave him and invited him back to the team. In the next game, Angus hit a key home run, helping the team win. He finally realized that facing mistakes bravely is more important than never failing. 要素提取 人物（who）：14 岁的棒球少年 Angus、教练 Mr. Carter； 事件（what）：Angus 因失误错失得分被换下场，之后受教练开导，向队友致歉获原谅，后续比赛中打出关键本垒打助队获胜； 原因（why）：Angus 因失误羞愧，教练用自身经历安慰他； 结果（result）：Angus 获队友原谅，助队夺冠； 感悟（insight）：勇敢面对失误比从不犯错更重要。 参考答案 Fourteen-year-old Angus was benched for a costly mistake in a baseball game and felt ashamed. His coach comforted him with his own experience, and Angus apologized to his teammates and was forgiven. He later hit a key home run to help the team win and learned to face mistakes bravely. 解析：概要完整覆盖核心要素，剔除了 “躲在饮水机后” 等细节。用 “benched” 替代 “out of the game” 做同义替换，以 “comforted”“apologized” 等动词串联情节，最后点明感悟，词数控制在 60 词左右，符合写作要求。 定位核心人物，筛除次要角色：优先锁定贯穿全文的主角（who），忽略仅出现一次的次要人物。比如故事围绕学生筹备校园义卖展开，路人、临时帮忙的同学等无需纳入概要。 梳理事件主线，剥离细节修饰：聚焦主角的核心行为（what），剔除动作描写、环境渲染等细节。像 “他握紧拳头，深吸一口气，慢慢走上演讲台”，只需提炼为 “他上台参与演讲”。 提炼因果逻辑，简化过程描述：明确事件的起因（why）和关键发展过程（how），无需罗列每一步流程。例如筹备比赛时 “查阅资料、请教老师、反复修改方案”，可简化为 “通过查资料和请教老师完善方案”。 抓取结局影响，补充感悟启示：若为夹叙夹议类记叙文，除事件结果（result）外，还需提炼作者或主角的感悟、故事的启示，这是概要的点睛之笔。 精简整合表达，严控词数时态：用同义替换和句式改写避免抄袭原文，时态以一般过去时为主，词数控制在 60 词左右，通过衔接词串联要素保证逻辑连贯。 【变式1-1】（2025 年上海徐汇区二模） Lila, a high school student who loved painting, was asked to design a mural for the school cafeteria. She was nervous because she had never created such a large work before. She spent weekends visiting art galleries for inspiration and asked her art teacher for advice on color matching. When she started painting, some paint spilled accidentally, ruining a small part of the mural. Instead of giving up, Lila modified her design to cover the stain with a pattern of flowers. The final mural was praised by both students and teachers, and Lila became more confident in her artistic abilities. 要素提取 人物：高中生 Lila、美术老师； 事件：Lila 受邀设计学校食堂壁画，创作中颜料洒落，修改设计掩盖污渍； 原因：Lila 因无大型作品创作经验而紧张，颜料洒落意外； 结果：壁画获师生好评； 感悟：Lila 提升了艺术创作自信心。 参考答案 High school student Lila, invited to design a cafeteria mural, felt nervous for lacking experience. She sought inspiration from galleries and teacher’s advice, and modified her design after spilling paint. Her final work was praised, boosting her confidence in painting. 解析：省略 “周末”“色彩搭配” 等细节，将 “visiting art galleries for inspiration and asked her art teacher for advice” 简化为 “sought inspiration from galleries and teacher’s advice”，用 “boosting” 衔接结果与感悟，逻辑连贯且语言简洁。 【变式1-2】（2025 年上海复旦附中 5 月联考） Last autumn, Tom and his grandfather decided to restore an old wooden boat left in their backyard. The boat had been abandoned for years, with broken planks and rusty nails. Tom’s grandfather taught him to sand the wood and replace damaged parts. They faced difficulties when rain delayed their work and some replacement materials were hard to find. After two months of efforts, they successfully repaired the boat. On a sunny weekend, they sailed it on the nearby lake, and Tom learned the value of patience and teamwork from the process. 要素提取 人物：Tom、Tom 的祖父； 事件：二人决定修复后院废弃旧木船，克服降雨、材料难寻等困难，最终修复船只并驾船航行； 原因：旧船废弃多年破损严重，修复中遭遇自然和材料问题； 结果：成功修复木船并湖上航行； 感悟：Tom 领悟到耐心和团队协作的价值。 参考答案 Last autumn, Tom and his grandfather restored an abandoned old wooden boat. They overcame rain delays and material shortages with their joint efforts, repaired it after two months and sailed it. Tom learned the importance of patience and teamwork. 解析：剔除 “木板破损、钉子生锈” 等细节描写，将 “taught him to sand the wood and replace damaged parts” 整合为修复过程的隐含动作，用 “joint efforts” 概括二人协作，精准提炼核心情节与感悟。 【变式1-3】（2025 年上海杨浦区控江中学 4 月模拟） Mia worked part-time in a community bookstore during the summer vacation. One day, an elderly customer forgot her wallet after buying several books. Mia found the wallet with a large sum of cash and the customer’s ID card. She remembered the customer mentioning she lived nearby, so she closed the store temporarily and went to return the wallet. The elderly woman thanked her sincerely and gave her a small gift, which Mia politely refused. The bookstore owner heard about the incident and offered Mia a full-time internship opportunity. 要素提取 人物：兼职学生 Mia、老年顾客、书店老板； 事件：Mia 在书店兼职时捡到老年顾客遗落的钱包，上门归还； 原因：顾客购书后遗忘钱包，Mia 知晓顾客居住在附近； 结果：Mia 拒收顾客礼物，获书店老板提供的全职实习机会； 感悟：坚守诚信获得认可。 参考答案 Mia, a part-time student in a community bookstore, returned an elderly customer’s wallet with cash after the customer forgot it. She refused the customer’s gift, and the store owner offered her a full-time internship for her honesty. 解析：省略 “身份证”“关闭书店” 等非关键细节，用 “with cash” 概括钱包核心信息，以 “for her honesty” 点明事件因果关联，既完整呈现情节，又突出诚信的主题，符合概要写作的核心要求。 考向02叙事逻辑与情感基调保留 【例2-1】（2025年上海普陀一模） The Price of Winning Fifteen-year-old Leo was desperate to win the school’s annual baking contest—his mom had been diagnosed with cancer, and he wanted to use the $500 prize to buy her a special necklace. He spent every evening practicing his signature chocolate cake, adjusting the sugar and butter ratio repeatedly. On the contest day, he noticed his rival Mia’s cake had a small crack. Thinking it would help him win, Leo secretly squeezed a bit of his buttercream on her cake to hide the crack, hoping judges would think her cake was unstable. But when Mia found out, she didn’t yell at him. Instead, she calmly told the judges the truth and explained that Leo must have been under great pressure. Leo felt overwhelmed with guilt and confessed everything. To his surprise, the judges praised his honesty and gave him a “Special Heart Award” with a small gift card. Leo bought his mom a simple flower instead of the necklace, and she hugged him tightly, saying it was the best gift she’d ever received. Leo learned that winning without integrity meant nothing, and true kindness was more valuable than any prize. 叙事逻辑锚定 开端：Leo为给患癌母亲买项链，迫切想赢得烘焙比赛并苦练。 发展：比赛日发现对手Mia的蛋糕有裂缝，偷偷用奶油掩盖以获利。 转折：Mia发现后未指责，反而向评委说明Leo可能压力大。 结局：Leo愧疚坦白，获“特别爱心奖”，用礼品卡买花给母亲，领悟诚信的重要性。 衔接词：to win、but、instead、finally 情感基调解码 核心情绪：Leo从“迫切功利”到“愧疚自责”再到“领悟成长”；Mia“宽容友善”；母亲“温暖感动”。 情感词汇替换：“desperate to win”→“eager to win”；“overwhelmed with guilt”→“deeply guilty”；“best gift she’d ever received”→“most precious gift”。 核心感悟：“winning without integrity meant nothing, and true kindness was more valuable than any prize”→“winning without integrity was meaningless, and kindness mattered more than prizes”。 参考答案 Fifteen-year-old Leo practiced hard to win a baking contest for a necklace for his cancer-stricken mom. On contest day, he secretly covered rival Mia’s cake crack with buttercream to win. But Mia calmly told judges the truth and mentioned his pressure. Deeply guilty, Leo confessed and got a Special Heart Award. He bought his mom flowers, and learned integrity and kindness mattered more than winning. 解析 概要完整保留“苦练—作弊—被宽容—坦白—获奖—领悟”的逻辑链条，用“but”衔接转折，“and”串联因果，逻辑连贯。情感上，通过“eager”“deeply guilty”“kindness mattered more”精准还原Leo的情绪变化和主旨感悟，Mia的宽容通过“calmly told judges the truth and mentioned his pressure”体现，母亲的感动隐含于“bought his mom flowers”的结果中，基调一致且词数控制在60词左右。 叙事逻辑保留：逻辑锚定法 叙事逻辑是记叙文的“骨架”，主要体现为时间顺序、因果链、转折关系三种核心脉络。需通过“锚定关键节点+衔接词串联”实现逻辑闭环：​ 锚定时间节点，锁定发展脉络：标记原文表时间/阶段的词汇（如first、then、finally、one day、after that），提炼“开端—发展—高潮—结局”四阶段核心事件。例如：原文中“筹备—遇挫—解决—成功”的流程，需在概要中完整呈现，不可遗漏关键转折节点。​ 锚定因果链条，强化逻辑关联：厘清“事件起因—人物行动—事件结果”的因果闭环，用“because、so、thus、as a result”等衔接词串联。避免孤立罗列事件，需体现“为何做—做了什么—带来什么结果”的关联性。​ 锚定转折关系，保留情节张力：原文中“期待—意外—应对”的转折（如however、but、unfortunately、instead of giving up）是逻辑核心，需精准提炼。例如：“原本计划参赛却受伤，转而担任教练助队夺冠”的转折，概要中需明确“受伤”这一关键转折及后续应对。 情感基调保留：情感解码 情感基调是记叙文的“灵魂”，体现为人物的情绪变化（如紧张—释然、自卑—自信）或作者的情感倾向（如赞美、感动、启迪）。需通过“解码情感载体—替换情感词汇”实现基调统一：解码情感载体，锁定核心情绪：情感通常附着于“人物动作、心理描写、结果评价”中。例如：“握紧拳头”“深吸一口气”对应“紧张”；“温暖的笑容”“真诚的感谢”对应“友善”；“获师生好评”“重拾信心”对应“积极正向”的基调。​ 替换情感词汇，精简不丢味：将原文细节化情感描写转化为概括性词汇，避免照抄。例如：“felt ashamed and worried that his teammates would blame him”可简化为“felt ashamed and anxious”；“was praised by both students and teachers”可简化为“won high praise”，既精简又保留正向情感。​ 锚定感悟句，升华情感主旨：夹叙夹议类记叙文的结尾感悟（如“realized that facing mistakes bravely is more important”）是情感基调的集中体现，必须保留并精准转述。 【变式2-1】（2025年上海奉贤二模） Luna, a shy eighth-grader, loved writing poems but never dared to share them. Her literature teacher, Ms. Hale, noticed Luna always doodled poems in her notebook and encouraged her to join the school’s poetry recital. Luna refused at first, her hands shaking as she mumbled that she was too afraid of being laughed at. Ms. Hale didn’t push her; instead, she shared her own experience of stuttering when giving speeches as a student. Inspired, Luna agreed to try. She practiced every night, reciting poems in front of her mirror until her voice stopped trembling. On the recital day, Luna stood on stage, took a deep breath, and began. When she finished, the audience burst into loud applause. Luna felt a warm rush of confidence and even made a few friends who loved poetry. She realized that courage wasn’t the absence of fear, but acting despite it.​ 逻辑锚定：害羞的Luna爱写诗却不敢分享（开端）→老师鼓励遭拒，分享自身经历（发展）→Luna受启发练习（转折）→朗诵获掌声，收获自信和朋友（结局）。​ 情感解码：核心情绪“害羞胆怯—犹豫动摇—勇敢尝试—自信释然”，用“shy”“afraid”“inspired”“confidence”等词保留基调，感悟句精准转述。​ 参考答案​ Shy eighth-grader Luna loved writing poems but feared sharing them. Her teacher Ms. Hale encouraged her and shared her own speech stuttering experience. Inspired, Luna practiced hard and performed at the poetry recital, winning applause. She gained confidence and friends, learning courage means acting despite fear. ​ 解析​ 用“but”“inspired”衔接逻辑节点，完整呈现“鼓励—启发—练习—成功”的脉络。情感上，“shy”“feared”还原初始状态，“winning applause”“gained confidence”体现转变，结尾感悟直击主旨，既精简又保留原文励志基调。​ 【变式2-2】（2025年上海复旦附中5月联考） Last winter, Tom’s neighborhood lost power for three days due to a heavy snowstorm. His 80-year-old neighbor Mrs. Green lived alone and had no heater. Tom noticed her curtains remained closed all day and worried about her. He knocked on her door, bringing a warm blanket and a thermos of hot soup. Mrs. Green thanked him tearfully, saying she was too weak to fetch firewood. Over the next three days, Tom visited her every morning and evening, bringing food and helping her clear snow outside her door. Other neighbors saw this and joined in, taking turns caring for Mrs. Green. When the power came back, Mrs. Green held a small party for everyone, calling Tom “her little hero.” Tom felt proud and learned that a small act of kindness could bring a community together. ​ 逻辑锚定：暴雪致停电（背景）→Tom发现独居老人Mrs. Green困境（开端）→Tom主动照顾，邻居加入（发展）→供电恢复，老人宴请致谢（结局）。​ 情感解码：基调“担忧—温暖感激—团结互助—自豪感动”，用“worried”“tearfully thanked”“joined in”“proud”保留情感，突出“善意凝聚社区”的主旨。​ 参考答案​ A heavy snowstorm cut power in Tom’s neighborhood for three days. He noticed his lonely 80-year-old neighbor Mrs. Green had no heater, so he brought her warmth and food and cared for her daily. Other neighbors joined him. When power returned, Mrs. Green thanked everyone, and Tom learned kindness unites a community. ​ 解析​ 以“so”衔接“发现困境—提供帮助”的因果，用“joined him”体现情节发展，逻辑清晰。情感上，“cared for her daily”体现Tom的善意，“thanked everyone”传递老人的感激，结尾点明主旨，还原原文温暖互助的社区氛围。​ 【变式2-3】（2025年上海杨浦区控江中学4月模拟） Mia, a college student working part-time at a bookstore, accidentally spilled coffee on a customer’s laptop. The customer, Mr. Chen, a businessman, looked angry and checked his laptop—its screen was black. Mia’s face turned pale; she had no money to pay for repairs. She apologized repeatedly and offered to do extra work at the bookstore to save money for the repair. Mr. Chen hesitated, then sighed and said he knew accidents happened. He refused her extra work and instead asked if she could help him organize his business documents for a week. Mia agreed eagerly. During the week, her careful work impressed Mr. Chen deeply. When the week ended, he gave her a bonus and told her the laptop was already old and he’d planned to replace it. Mia felt relieved and grateful, realizing that kindness could turn a mistake into an opportunity. ​ 逻辑锚定：Mia工作时打翻咖啡弄坏顾客电脑（开端）→Mia无力赔偿，提议额外工作（发展）→顾客提议让她整理文件抵偿（转折）→Mia工作出色获奖金，得知电脑本就计划更换（结局）。​ 情感解码：核心情绪“惊慌失措—愧疚无助—急切补救—释然感激”，用“face turned pale”“apologized repeatedly”“eagerly”“relieved and grateful”保留情感变化。​ 参考答案​ College student Mia, working at a bookstore, spilled coffee on Mr. Chen’s laptop and couldn’t afford repairs. She apologized and offered extra work, but Mr. Chen asked her to organize documents for a week instead. Her careful work impressed him; he gave her a bonus and said he planned to replace the old laptop. Mia felt grateful and learned kindness turns mistakes into opportunities. ​ 解析​ 用“but”突出“提议被拒—替代方案”的转折，“and”串联“工作出色—获奖金—得知真相”的结局，逻辑完整。情感上，“couldn’t afford”“apologized”还原Mia的无助，“impressed”“grateful”体现后续转变，精准保留原文“善意化解危机”的温暖基调。​ 考向03语言表达规范 【例3-1】（2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模） The Price of Winning​ Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players.​ Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals.​ 规范答案​ The story compares teens' and adults' different attitudes towards winning in sports: teens value playing and fun while coaches and parents focus on winning and demand perfection. This pressure makes kids quit sports early and lose the chance to learn and develop.​ 详解​ 要素提取：锁定核心人物（teens, coaches, parents）、事件（sports中对winning的态度差异）、结果（pressure导致kids quit sports），剔除Angus的具体事例、研究数据等细节。​ 语言转换：“would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines”→“value playing and fun”，“expect perfection”直接保留核心词，“drives many kids away”→“makes kids quit”，实现简洁转换。​ 逻辑衔接：用“while”衔接态度对比，“this pressure”衔接因果关系，仅2个衔接词保证流畅，词数58词符合要求。 （一）要素精准提取法：锚定核心不跑偏​ 记叙文核心要素为“who（人物）、what（事件）、how（过程）、result（结果）、theme（主旨）”，语言表达需先精准锁定这些要素，剔除对话、环境描写等冗余细节。规范要点：优先保留主角及关键人物，用简洁动词概括核心行为，避免罗列次要情节；若文本含情感转变或寓意，需用1-2个词提炼。​ （二）同义转换规范法：避免抄袭显功底​ 遵循“换词不换意”原则，通过三种方式实现规范转换：1. 同义词替换（如“feel frustrated”→“feel annoyed”）；2. 词性转换（如“kind”→“kindness”）；3. 句式改写（主动变被动、复合句简化为简单句）。规范要点：转换后语法需严谨，如原文为第一人称时，概要需改为第三人称；叙事以一般过去时为主，主旨感悟用一般现在时。​ （三）逻辑衔接简洁法：串联流畅不零散​ 用基础衔接词串联要素，避免复杂连接词堆砌。时间顺序用“at first→then→finally”，转折用“however”，因果用“so→as a result”。规范要点：衔接词仅1-2个即可，重点保证情节逻辑连贯，词数控制在60词左右。 【变式3-1】（2025届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期期中） When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel to search for hidden treasures, especially the Terracotta Warriors in Xi'an. Back then, I never imagined living in China. But after three years working in Beijing, I finally visited the Terracotta Warriors, realizing my childhood dream. 规范答案 A Brazilian boy dreamed of being an archaeologist and visiting Xi'an's Terracotta Warriors since childhood. Though he never expected to live in China, he fulfilled the dream after working in Beijing for three years. 详解 提取“巴西男孩、童年梦想（考古学家+兵马俑）、意外来华工作、实现梦想”核心要素；“became fascinated with”→“dreamed of”，“realizing my childhood dream”→“fulfilled the dream”；用“though”衔接转折，覆盖全部要点。 【变式3-2】（2025届上海市延安中学高三上学期开学考试） Lily, a high school student, loved painting but was afraid to show her works. Her art teacher noticed this and asked her to join the school painting competition. Lily hesitated but agreed. With the teacher's guidance, she finished her work and won the third prize. Since then, Lily has been confident to share her paintings publicly. 规范答案 High school student Lily loved painting but lacked confidence to show her works. Persuaded by her art teacher to join a competition, she won the third prize with guidance and became confident to share her works. 详解 锁定“Lily、怕展示画作、老师劝说参赛、获奖、变自信”要素；“was afraid to show”→“lacked confidence to show”，“With the teacher's guidance”→“with guidance”简化表达；用“and”串联情节，逻辑清晰。 【变式3-3】（2025届上海市建平中学高三上学期9月月考） Last summer, Tom volunteered at a community library. He found many old books were damaged and few kids read them. He cleaned and repaired the books, then designed colorful posters to attract kids. Soon, more kids came to read, and the library became lively again. Tom felt proud of his contribution. 规范答案 Last summer, Tom volunteered at a community library and found old books damaged with few young readers. After repairing the books and making attractive posters, more kids came, making the library lively. Tom felt proud. 详解 提取“Tom、图书馆志愿、发现问题、修复书籍+做海报、效果、感受”要素；“designed colorful posters”→“making attractive posters”，“felt proud of his contribution”→“felt proud”精简；用“and”“after”衔接，57词符合规范。 1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Tennessee Couple Rescued a Kitten... It Turned Out to Be a Bobcat (山猫) Staff at True Rescue in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, have handled their fair share of kittens over the years. So all it took was one look at the head and paws of a kitten that was rushed to the animal shelter last week to tell that they were dealing with a case of mistaken identity. The seemingly distressed kitten found on the back deck of a Middle Tennessee couple’s home was actually a baby bobcat. Whoops! “We definitely knew it wasn’t a regular kitten,” Amy Simcik, founder and executive director of True Rescue, told McClatchy News. “It was very big-big head, big feet... wild and musky (麝香的) kind of smelling.” Simcik also noted the kitten’s distinctive fur and birdlike vocalizations. Unlike domestic kittens, bobcat kittens rarely meow. They also have very short tails. While the couple meant well, humans should avoid removing young wild animals from their environment. Doing so can prevent them from ever returning to the wild. “We always recommend people to search online for exactly what to do,” she told McClatchy. “Most of the time, the results will say to leave it. You’re endangering it far more trying to pull it out of that environment and care for it yourself than leaving it.” The baby bobcat, who was later named Pearl, was recently transferred from Walden’s Puddle to For Fox Sake Wildlife Rescue in Chattanooga, where she can interact with another bobkitten named Ruby. The two kittens will be raised as siblings before being released back into the wild. “Pearl is in great shape,” rescuers wrote in a Facebook update Sunday. “We’re thankful to True Rescue for bringing Pearl to Walden’s Puddle and to Walden’s Puddle for transferring her to us,” the post continues. “Both Pearl and Ruby have a much better chance at a happy, free life in the wild because they will be able to be together.” Good luck, little ladies! _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A Tennessee couple mistakenly rescued a baby bobcat, thinking it was a domestic kitten. Animal shelter staff identified the wild animal by its features. Experts advise against removing wild animals from their habitats, as it can hinder their chances of survival. The bobcat, named Pearl, was transferred to a wildlife rescue to be raised with another bobkitten before release. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了田纳西州的一对夫妇误将一只小山猫当作小猫救起并送到动物收容所。工作人员很快发现这是一只山猫，并强调人们不应将野生幼崽从其生活环境中带走。这只被命名为Pearl的小山猫后来被转移到野生动物救助中心，将与另一只小山猫Ruby一起被抚养长大后放归野外。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The seemingly distressed kitten found on the back deck of a Middle Tennessee couple’s home was actually a baby bobcat. ②We definitely knew it wasn’t a regular kitten. ③It was very big-big head, big feet... wild and musky (麝香的) kind of smelling. ④While the couple meant well, humans should avoid removing young wild animals from their environment. ⑤The baby bobcat, who was later named Pearl, was recently transferred from Walden’s Puddle to For Fox Sake Wildlife Rescue in Chattanooga, where she can interact with another bobkitten named Ruby. ⑥The two kittens will be raised as siblings before being released back into the wild. 2.缜密构思 将②③两个要点进行整合，⑤⑥两个要点进行重组 3.遣词造句 Animal shelter staff identified the wild animal by its features. The bobcat, named Pearl, was transferred to a wildlife rescue to be raised with another bobkitten before release. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A Tennessee couple mistakenly rescued a baby bobcat, thinking it was a domestic kitten.（运用了现在分词作状语，省略了that的宾语从句） [高分句型2] Experts advise against removing wild animals from their habitats, as it can hinder their chances of survival.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） 2．阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She also competed in baseball, boxing, diving and many other sports. In 1950, the Associated Press declared Babe Zaharias to be the “Woman Athlete of the Half-Century”. From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. As a teenager, she acquired the nickname “Babe” in reference to Babe Ruth, a professional baseball player. She never passed up a chance to play ball. One day, when she was a little girl, her mother sent her to the grocery store to buy some beef for dinner. On the way home, Babe spotted some boys playing baseball. She dropped her purchases and joined the game. An hour later, her angry mother showed up, looking for the groceries. Babe pointed to where she’d left it. A dog was happily enjoying the last piece. Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏), but she was deprived of a third gold medal in the high jump because she had used the unorthodox (不正规的) Western roll to achieve the highest jump. Her Olympic success brought her national attention. In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. In 1950, Zaharias helped found the Ladies Professional Golf Association, and she became the LPGA’s star competitor. Not only did she attract interest in the women’s game, she revolutionized the sport and was known for her powerful drives. Zaharias died of cancer in 1956, at the age of 45. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Babe Didrikson Zaharias achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She loved sports when she was young. At the 1932 Olympic Games, Zaharias won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, as a result of which she gained fame. Since 1932, she had won important championships in the golf. She was one of the greatest athletes of all time. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了有史以来最伟大的运动员之一Babe Didrikson Zaharias的运动历程。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf.   ②From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. ③Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏). ④In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将总结性语句放在文章最后。将2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 From a young age, She loved sports. At the 1932 Olympic Games, won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, by which she gained fame. 【点睛】【高分句型1】She loved sports when she was young.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中when引导了时间状语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】At the 1932 Olympic Games, Zaharias won gold medals in the javelin throw and the 80-metre hurdles, as a result of which she gained fame. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中which引导的定语从句，修饰主句，表达非常高级。 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. After the sudden loss of her five-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, Natalia Spencer felt she needed to do something to honor the little girl. That strong wish inspired Spencer to start what she calls a “Walk of Love”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) along the British coastline. “Elizabeth particularly loved the beach and the sea and we visited the seaside a lot. After she passed away, I went to the seaside and it was the first time that I had felt some comfort,” Spencer said. “I knew this was what I had to do. It was something I could do and it would make life more bearable.” On Valentine’s Day, Spencer began walking Durdle Door in Dorset, England, the last beach she took Elizabeth to before she became ill. So far, Spencer has journeyed about 1,500 miles, walking through Dorset , Cornwall, Devon and the entire coast of Wales. Every day, except Saturday, Spencer walks 20 miles. Often locals join her; many times they share stories about losing their own children. Everything changed for Spencer on Nov. 22, 2015. Spencer noticed Elizabeth was ill with what she thought was a chest infection. But the girl’s health worsened rapidly. Doctors diagnosed her with a life-threatening immune condition where the immune cells damage the tissues and organs. This caused Elizabeth’s organs to shut down and stopped the blood supply to her arms and legs. She was moved to Bristol Children’s Hospital where she spent 18 days on life support before passing away on Dec. 10. After Elizabeth died, Spencer struggled. In January, a friend encouraged Spencer to go for a walk and the two ended up at the Gower Peninsula in Wales. While walking provides Spencer with time to grieve(悲伤), she’s also using the trip to raise ￡100,000 for the Bristol Children’s Hospital. Spencer expects to complete her walk next spring. She’d love to finish on Valentine’s Day, but doesn’t know if that is realistic. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A possible version To honor her daughter who recently died, Natalia Spencer started the 6,000-mile Walk of Love along the British coastline, which she wishes to finish next spring. She did this to make life more bearable and to raise￡100,000 for the Bristol Children’s Hospital. The Walk provided her chances to share with the locals stories about losing children. (word count 58) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍一个叫Natalia Spencer的人为了纪念自己死去的女儿参加了一个步行项目，缓解自己生活的同时，也为儿童医院筹钱，这次步行给她提供了与当地人分享关于失去小孩的故事的机会。（文章大意） 【详解】1. 要点摘录①After the sudden loss of her five-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, Natalia Spencer felt she needed to do something to honor the little girl.②That strong wish inspired Spencer to start what she calls a “Walk of Love”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) along the British coastline.③It was something I could do and it would make life more bearable.④Often locals join her; many times they share stories about losing their own children. ⑤While walking provides Spencer with time to grieve(悲伤), she’s also using the trip to raise ￡100,000 for the Bristol Children’s Hospital⑥Spencer expects to complete her walk next spring. 2.缜密构思将第1、2、6这三个要点进行重组，将第3、5这两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The Walk provided her chances to share with the locals stories about losing children. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To honor her daughter who recently died, Natalia Spencer started the 6,000-mile Walk of Love along the British coastline, which she wishes to finish next spring.运用一个动词不定式短语作目的状语以及一个非限制性定语从句对第1、2、6这三个要点内容进行了概括，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：She did this to make life more bearable and to raise￡100,000 for the Bristol Children’s Hospital. 用两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语对第第3、5这两个要点的内容进行了概括，表达精炼且全面。 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Reading the world in 195 boobs In 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English. The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task. But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes, extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet. One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A: The writer set a goal of reading 195 books from 195 countries in a year. He received great help from fans of his blog, though it was hard to obtain all the books. However, the process of reading proved rewarding. Not only did he broaden his horizon, but he became familiar with the places and identified with the people there. B: Attempting to read a book from 195 states in a year, I appealed to the people worldwide in a blog for their suggestions. With their generous offer and enthusiastic responses, I started to read the books recommended, which opened a new world for me and changed my thinking. Most importantly, these books brings the real world closer to me. C: I challenged myself to read books from 195 countries in a year. Having difficulty finding all the books, I sought worldwide help, which was greeted with enthusiastic responses. The whole experience turned out rewarding. Not only did I feel connected to the world but the exposure to different people’s life and feelings brought the real world closer to me. 【分析】本文是先阅读短文，然后根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。考生要认真审题，把握文章中心，明确写作要点。文章主要介绍了自己设定了在一年内阅读195本来自195个国家的书籍的目标，并在网友的帮助下完成了目标，阅读不仅开阔了视野，还拉近了自己与现实世界的距离。 【详解】第一段讲述了作者设定的目标是在一年内阅读195本来自195个国家的书籍，开设了博客，并呼吁大家给他推荐一些可以用英语阅读的书籍。第二段讲述了尽管很难买到所有的书，但他从博客的粉丝那里得到了很大的帮助。第三段主要讲阅读的过程被证明是有益的，这些书为作者打开了一个新的世界，改变作者的观点。第四段讲了拉近了与现实世界的距离。作过程中注意一些句式和短语的使用，并注意一些连接词和过渡句，使上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。最后认真检查是否有漏写要点，有无拼写错误，以及标点错误。尽量使用熟悉的单词句式，同时注意使用高级词汇和句型为文章增色。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12概要写作之记叙文 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01核心叙事要素提取 考向02叙事逻辑与情感基调保留【重难】 考向03语言表达规范 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 记叙文概要写作是高考英语概要写作的常见体裁，核心考查对叙事性文本的梳理、信息提炼及简洁表达能力。选材多为情节完整的短篇故事，涵盖个人经历、寓言故事、人物事迹等，文本兼具故事性与情感或哲理内核。要求考生在约 60 词内，精准呈现故事主干，不添加主观评论，同时保留关键情感或主旨，既考查语言压缩能力，也考验对叙事逻辑的把握。 设题类型 主要分为两类：一是 “个人经历类”，选材多为作者或他人的成长故事、意外事件、难忘经历等，如校园生活、旅行奇遇、克服困难的经历，侧重情节的时间线与情感变化；二是 “寓言 / 哲理故事类”，以动物故事、民间小故事为载体，蕴含明确的道德或人生道理，如诚信、坚持、换位思考等，需兼顾情节与寓意提炼。两类题型均要求区分主次信息，避免冗余细节，突出核心脉络。 命题方式 命题多采用 “文本 + 要求” 的形式，文本长度约 200-300 词，为完整叙事结构。题干明确要求 “概括短文主要内容”，强调 “用自己的话表达”“不超过 60 词”“涵盖关键信息” 等。选材多来自外刊改编或经典短篇，语言难度贴合高考水平，情节清晰且逻辑连贯，通常包含 “背景 — 发展 — 高潮 — 结局” 完整链条，部分文本结尾直接点明主旨，为概要提炼提供线索，确保考生有明确的信息提取方向。 解题思路 第一步 “梳理情节”：快速通读文本，标记时间、人物、事件（起因、经过、结果）核心要素，用箭头梳理叙事逻辑，剔除细节描写（如环境、动作细节）。第二步 “提炼主旨”：若为个人经历，锁定情感变化或成长收获；若为寓言故事，明确结尾或隐含的哲理。第三步 “语言整合”：用简洁句式串联要素，采用 “人物 + 事件（起因 + 经过 + 结果）+ 主旨” 结构，使用同义替换避免原文复现，如用 “managed to” 替代 “succeeded in”。第四步 “检查优化”：核对字数，确保无主观添加，逻辑连贯且核心信息无遗漏。 考向01核心叙事要素提取 【例1-1】（2025 年上海普陀一模） Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake in the last inning that cost his team a score. Feeling ashamed and worried that his teammates would blame him, Angus tried to hide behind the water cooler. His coach, Mr. Carter, noticed his low spirits and sat next to him. Instead of scolding, Mr. Carter shared his own experience of missing a crucial shot in a high school game and explained that mistakes are part of learning. Inspired, Angus gathered courage to apologize to his teammates, who warmly forgave him and invited him back to the team. In the next game, Angus hit a key home run, helping the team win. He finally realized that facing mistakes bravely is more important than never failing. 要素提取 人物（who）：14 岁的棒球少年 Angus、教练 Mr. Carter； 事件（what）：Angus 因失误错失得分被换下场，之后受教练开导，向队友致歉获原谅，后续比赛中打出关键本垒打助队获胜； 原因（why）：Angus 因失误羞愧，教练用自身经历安慰他； 结果（result）：Angus 获队友原谅，助队夺冠； 感悟（insight）：勇敢面对失误比从不犯错更重要。 定位核心人物，筛除次要角色：优先锁定贯穿全文的主角（who），忽略仅出现一次的次要人物。比如故事围绕学生筹备校园义卖展开，路人、临时帮忙的同学等无需纳入概要。 梳理事件主线，剥离细节修饰：聚焦主角的核心行为（what），剔除动作描写、环境渲染等细节。像 “他握紧拳头，深吸一口气，慢慢走上演讲台”，只需提炼为 “他上台参与演讲”。 提炼因果逻辑，简化过程描述：明确事件的起因（why）和关键发展过程（how），无需罗列每一步流程。例如筹备比赛时 “查阅资料、请教老师、反复修改方案”，可简化为 “通过查资料和请教老师完善方案”。 抓取结局影响，补充感悟启示：若为夹叙夹议类记叙文，除事件结果（result）外，还需提炼作者或主角的感悟、故事的启示，这是概要的点睛之笔。 精简整合表达，严控词数时态：用同义替换和句式改写避免抄袭原文，时态以一般过去时为主，词数控制在 60 词左右，通过衔接词串联要素保证逻辑连贯。 【变式1-1】（2025 年上海徐汇区二模） Lila, a high school student who loved painting, was asked to design a mural for the school cafeteria. She was nervous because she had never created such a large work before. She spent weekends visiting art galleries for inspiration and asked her art teacher for advice on color matching. When she started painting, some paint spilled accidentally, ruining a small part of the mural. Instead of giving up, Lila modified her design to cover the stain with a pattern of flowers. The final mural was praised by both students and teachers, and Lila became more confident in her artistic abilities. 要素提取 人物：高中生 Lila、美术老师； 事件：Lila 受邀设计学校食堂壁画，创作中颜料洒落，修改设计掩盖污渍； 原因：Lila 因无大型作品创作经验而紧张，颜料洒落意外； 结果：壁画获师生好评； 感悟：Lila 提升了艺术创作自信心。 【变式1-2】（2025 年上海复旦附中 5 月联考） Last autumn, Tom and his grandfather decided to restore an old wooden boat left in their backyard. The boat had been abandoned for years, with broken planks and rusty nails. Tom’s grandfather taught him to sand the wood and replace damaged parts. They faced difficulties when rain delayed their work and some replacement materials were hard to find. After two months of efforts, they successfully repaired the boat. On a sunny weekend, they sailed it on the nearby lake, and Tom learned the value of patience and teamwork from the process. 要素提取 人物：Tom、Tom 的祖父； 事件：二人决定修复后院废弃旧木船，克服降雨、材料难寻等困难，最终修复船只并驾船航行； 原因：旧船废弃多年破损严重，修复中遭遇自然和材料问题； 结果：成功修复木船并湖上航行； 感悟：Tom 领悟到耐心和团队协作的价值。 【变式1-3】（2025 年上海杨浦区控江中学 4 月模拟） Mia worked part-time in a community bookstore during the summer vacation. One day, an elderly customer forgot her wallet after buying several books. Mia found the wallet with a large sum of cash and the customer’s ID card. She remembered the customer mentioning she lived nearby, so she closed the store temporarily and went to return the wallet. The elderly woman thanked her sincerely and gave her a small gift, which Mia politely refused. The bookstore owner heard about the incident and offered Mia a full-time internship opportunity. 要素提取 人物：兼职学生 Mia、老年顾客、书店老板； 事件：Mia 在书店兼职时捡到老年顾客遗落的钱包，上门归还； 原因：顾客购书后遗忘钱包，Mia 知晓顾客居住在附近； 结果：Mia 拒收顾客礼物，获书店老板提供的全职实习机会； 感悟：坚守诚信获得认可。 考向02叙事逻辑与情感基调保留 【例2-1】（2025年上海普陀一模） The Price of Winning Fifteen-year-old Leo was desperate to win the school’s annual baking contest—his mom had been diagnosed with cancer, and he wanted to use the $500 prize to buy her a special necklace. He spent every evening practicing his signature chocolate cake, adjusting the sugar and butter ratio repeatedly. On the contest day, he noticed his rival Mia’s cake had a small crack. Thinking it would help him win, Leo secretly squeezed a bit of his buttercream on her cake to hide the crack, hoping judges would think her cake was unstable. But when Mia found out, she didn’t yell at him. Instead, she calmly told the judges the truth and explained that Leo must have been under great pressure. Leo felt overwhelmed with guilt and confessed everything. To his surprise, the judges praised his honesty and gave him a “Special Heart Award” with a small gift card. Leo bought his mom a simple flower instead of the necklace, and she hugged him tightly, saying it was the best gift she’d ever received. Leo learned that winning without integrity meant nothing, and true kindness was more valuable than any prize. 叙事逻辑锚定 开端：Leo为给患癌母亲买项链，迫切想赢得烘焙比赛并苦练。 发展：比赛日发现对手Mia的蛋糕有裂缝，偷偷用奶油掩盖以获利。 转折：Mia发现后未指责，反而向评委说明Leo可能压力大。 结局：Leo愧疚坦白，获“特别爱心奖”，用礼品卡买花给母亲，领悟诚信的重要性。 衔接词：to win、but、instead、finally 情感基调解码 核心情绪：Leo从“迫切功利”到“愧疚自责”再到“领悟成长”；Mia“宽容友善”；母亲“温暖感动”。 情感词汇替换：“desperate to win”→“eager to win”；“overwhelmed with guilt”→“deeply guilty”；“best gift she’d ever received”→“most precious gift”。 核心感悟：“winning without integrity meant nothing, and true kindness was more valuable than any prize”→“winning without integrity was meaningless, and kindness mattered more than prizes”。 叙事逻辑保留：逻辑锚定法 叙事逻辑是记叙文的“骨架”，主要体现为时间顺序、因果链、转折关系三种核心脉络。需通过“锚定关键节点+衔接词串联”实现逻辑闭环：​ 锚定时间节点，锁定发展脉络：标记原文表时间/阶段的词汇（如first、then、finally、one day、after that），提炼“开端—发展—高潮—结局”四阶段核心事件。例如：原文中“筹备—遇挫—解决—成功”的流程，需在概要中完整呈现，不可遗漏关键转折节点。​ 锚定因果链条，强化逻辑关联：厘清“事件起因—人物行动—事件结果”的因果闭环，用“because、so、thus、as a result”等衔接词串联。避免孤立罗列事件，需体现“为何做—做了什么—带来什么结果”的关联性。​ 锚定转折关系，保留情节张力：原文中“期待—意外—应对”的转折（如however、but、unfortunately、instead of giving up）是逻辑核心，需精准提炼。例如：“原本计划参赛却受伤，转而担任教练助队夺冠”的转折，概要中需明确“受伤”这一关键转折及后续应对。 情感基调保留：情感解码 情感基调是记叙文的“灵魂”，体现为人物的情绪变化（如紧张—释然、自卑—自信）或作者的情感倾向（如赞美、感动、启迪）。需通过“解码情感载体—替换情感词汇”实现基调统一：解码情感载体，锁定核心情绪：情感通常附着于“人物动作、心理描写、结果评价”中。例如：“握紧拳头”“深吸一口气”对应“紧张”；“温暖的笑容”“真诚的感谢”对应“友善”；“获师生好评”“重拾信心”对应“积极正向”的基调。​ 替换情感词汇，精简不丢味：将原文细节化情感描写转化为概括性词汇，避免照抄。例如：“felt ashamed and worried that his teammates would blame him”可简化为“felt ashamed and anxious”；“was praised by both students and teachers”可简化为“won high praise”，既精简又保留正向情感。​ 锚定感悟句，升华情感主旨：夹叙夹议类记叙文的结尾感悟（如“realized that facing mistakes bravely is more important”）是情感基调的集中体现，必须保留并精准转述。 【变式2-1】（2025年上海奉贤二模）Luna, a shy eighth-grader, loved writing poems but never dared to share them. Her literature teacher, Ms. Hale, noticed Luna always doodled poems in her notebook and encouraged her to join the school’s poetry recital. Luna refused at first, her hands shaking as she mumbled that she was too afraid of being laughed at. Ms. Hale didn’t push her; instead, she shared her own experience of stuttering when giving speeches as a student. Inspired, Luna agreed to try. She practiced every night, reciting poems in front of her mirror until her voice stopped trembling. On the recital day, Luna stood on stage, took a deep breath, and began. When she finished, the audience burst into loud applause. Luna felt a warm rush of confidence and even made a few friends who loved poetry. She realized that courage wasn’t the absence of fear, but acting despite it.​ 逻辑锚定：害羞的Luna爱写诗却不敢分享（开端）→老师鼓励遭拒，分享自身经历（发展）→Luna受启发练习（转折）→朗诵获掌声，收获自信和朋友（结局）。​ 情感解码：核心情绪“害羞胆怯—犹豫动摇—勇敢尝试—自信释然”，用“shy”“afraid”“inspired”“confidence”等词保留基调，感悟句精准转述。​ 【变式2-2】（2025年上海复旦附中5月联考） Last winter, Tom’s neighborhood lost power for three days due to a heavy snowstorm. His 80-year-old neighbor Mrs. Green lived alone and had no heater. Tom noticed her curtains remained closed all day and worried about her. He knocked on her door, bringing a warm blanket and a thermos of hot soup. Mrs. Green thanked him tearfully, saying she was too weak to fetch firewood. Over the next three days, Tom visited her every morning and evening, bringing food and helping her clear snow outside her door. Other neighbors saw this and joined in, taking turns caring for Mrs. Green. When the power came back, Mrs. Green held a small party for everyone, calling Tom “her little hero.” Tom felt proud and learned that a small act of kindness could bring a community together. ​ 逻辑锚定：暴雪致停电（背景）→Tom发现独居老人Mrs. Green困境（开端）→Tom主动照顾，邻居加入（发展）→供电恢复，老人宴请致谢（结局）。​ 情感解码：基调“担忧—温暖感激—团结互助—自豪感动”，用“worried”“tearfully thanked”“joined in”“proud”保留情感，突出“善意凝聚社区”的主旨。​ 【变式2-3】（2025年上海杨浦区控江中学4月模拟） Mia, a college student working part-time at a bookstore, accidentally spilled coffee on a customer’s laptop. The customer, Mr. Chen, a businessman, looked angry and checked his laptop—its screen was black. Mia’s face turned pale; she had no money to pay for repairs. She apologized repeatedly and offered to do extra work at the bookstore to save money for the repair. Mr. Chen hesitated, then sighed and said he knew accidents happened. He refused her extra work and instead asked if she could help him organize his business documents for a week. Mia agreed eagerly. During the week, her careful work impressed Mr. Chen deeply. When the week ended, he gave her a bonus and told her the laptop was already old and he’d planned to replace it. Mia felt relieved and grateful, realizing that kindness could turn a mistake into an opportunity. ​ 逻辑锚定：Mia工作时打翻咖啡弄坏顾客电脑（开端）→Mia无力赔偿，提议额外工作（发展）→顾客提议让她整理文件抵偿（转折）→Mia工作出色获奖金，得知电脑本就计划更换（结局）。​ 情感解码：核心情绪“惊慌失措—愧疚无助—急切补救—释然感激”，用“face turned pale”“apologized repeatedly”“eagerly”“relieved and grateful”保留情感变化。​ 考向03语言表达规范 【例3-1】（2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模） The Price of Winning​ Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players.​ Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals.​ （一）要素精准提取法：锚定核心不跑偏​ 记叙文核心要素为“who（人物）、what（事件）、how（过程）、result（结果）、theme（主旨）”，语言表达需先精准锁定这些要素，剔除对话、环境描写等冗余细节。规范要点：优先保留主角及关键人物，用简洁动词概括核心行为，避免罗列次要情节；若文本含情感转变或寓意，需用1-2个词提炼。​ （二）同义转换规范法：避免抄袭显功底​ 遵循“换词不换意”原则，通过三种方式实现规范转换：1. 同义词替换（如“feel frustrated”→“feel annoyed”）；2. 词性转换（如“kind”→“kindness”）；3. 句式改写（主动变被动、复合句简化为简单句）。规范要点：转换后语法需严谨，如原文为第一人称时，概要需改为第三人称；叙事以一般过去时为主，主旨感悟用一般现在时。​ （三）逻辑衔接简洁法：串联流畅不零散​ 用基础衔接词串联要素，避免复杂连接词堆砌。时间顺序用“at first→then→finally”，转折用“however”，因果用“so→as a result”。规范要点：衔接词仅1-2个即可，重点保证情节逻辑连贯，词数控制在60词左右。 【变式3-1】（2025届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期期中） When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel to search for hidden treasures, especially the Terracotta Warriors in Xi'an. Back then, I never imagined living in China. But after three years working in Beijing, I finally visited the Terracotta Warriors, realizing my childhood dream. 【变式3-2】（2025届上海市延安中学高三上学期开学考试） Lily, a high school student, loved painting but was afraid to show her works. Her art teacher noticed this and asked her to join the school painting competition. Lily hesitated but agreed. With the teacher's guidance, she finished her work and won the third prize. Since then, Lily has been confident to share her paintings publicly. 【变式3-3】（2025届上海市建平中学高三上学期9月月考） Last summer, Tom volunteered at a community library. He found many old books were damaged and few kids read them. He cleaned and repaired the books, then designed colorful posters to attract kids. Soon, more kids came to read, and the library became lively again. Tom felt proud of his contribution. 1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Tennessee Couple Rescued a Kitten... It Turned Out to Be a Bobcat (山猫) Staff at True Rescue in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, have handled their fair share of kittens over the years. So all it took was one look at the head and paws of a kitten that was rushed to the animal shelter last week to tell that they were dealing with a case of mistaken identity. The seemingly distressed kitten found on the back deck of a Middle Tennessee couple’s home was actually a baby bobcat. Whoops! “We definitely knew it wasn’t a regular kitten,” Amy Simcik, founder and executive director of True Rescue, told McClatchy News. “It was very big-big head, big feet... wild and musky (麝香的) kind of smelling.” Simcik also noted the kitten’s distinctive fur and birdlike vocalizations. Unlike domestic kittens, bobcat kittens rarely meow. They also have very short tails. While the couple meant well, humans should avoid removing young wild animals from their environment. Doing so can prevent them from ever returning to the wild. “We always recommend people to search online for exactly what to do,” she told McClatchy. “Most of the time, the results will say to leave it. You’re endangering it far more trying to pull it out of that environment and care for it yourself than leaving it.” The baby bobcat, who was later named Pearl, was recently transferred from Walden’s Puddle to For Fox Sake Wildlife Rescue in Chattanooga, where she can interact with another bobkitten named Ruby. The two kittens will be raised as siblings before being released back into the wild. “Pearl is in great shape,” rescuers wrote in a Facebook update Sunday. “We’re thankful to True Rescue for bringing Pearl to Walden’s Puddle and to Walden’s Puddle for transferring her to us,” the post continues. “Both Pearl and Ruby have a much better chance at a happy, free life in the wild because they will be able to be together.” Good luck, little ladies! _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Babe Didrikson Zaharias was one of the most extraordinary athletes of all time. She achieved particular success in basketball, track and field, and golf. She also competed in baseball, boxing, diving and many other sports. In 1950, the Associated Press declared Babe Zaharias to be the “Woman Athlete of the Half-Century”. From a young age, her goal was to be “the greatest athlete to ever live”. As a teenager, she acquired the nickname “Babe” in reference to Babe Ruth, a professional baseball player. She never passed up a chance to play ball. One day, when she was a little girl, her mother sent her to the grocery store to buy some beef for dinner. On the way home, Babe spotted some boys playing baseball. She dropped her purchases and joined the game. An hour later, her angry mother showed up, looking for the groceries. Babe pointed to where she’d left it. A dog was happily enjoying the last piece. Zaharias gained fame at the 1932 Olympic Games. She won gold medals in the javelin (标枪) throw and the 80-metre hurdles (跨栏), but she was deprived of a third gold medal in the high jump because she had used the unorthodox (不正规的) Western roll to achieve the highest jump. Her Olympic success brought her national attention. In 1932, Zaharias began playing golf and was soon winning important championships in the sport. In 1950, Zaharias helped found the Ladies Professional Golf Association, and she became the LPGA’s star competitor. Not only did she attract interest in the women’s game, she revolutionized the sport and was known for her powerful drives. Zaharias died of cancer in 1956, at the age of 45. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. After the sudden loss of her five-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, Natalia Spencer felt she needed to do something to honor the little girl. That strong wish inspired Spencer to start what she calls a “Walk of Love”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) along the British coastline. “Elizabeth particularly loved the beach and the sea and we visited the seaside a lot. After she passed away, I went to the seaside and it was the first time that I had felt some comfort,” Spencer said. “I knew this was what I had to do. It was something I could do and it would make life more bearable.” On Valentine’s Day, Spencer began walking Durdle Door in Dorset, England, the last beach she took Elizabeth to before she became ill. So far, Spencer has journeyed about 1,500 miles, walking through Dorset , Cornwall, Devon and the entire coast of Wales. Every day, except Saturday, Spencer walks 20 miles. Often locals join her; many times they share stories about losing their own children. Everything changed for Spencer on Nov. 22, 2015. Spencer noticed Elizabeth was ill with what she thought was a chest infection. But the girl’s health worsened rapidly. Doctors diagnosed her with a life-threatening immune condition where the immune cells damage the tissues and organs. This caused Elizabeth’s organs to shut down and stopped the blood supply to her arms and legs. She was moved to Bristol Children’s Hospital where she spent 18 days on life support before passing away on Dec. 10. After Elizabeth died, Spencer struggled. In January, a friend encouraged Spencer to go for a walk and the two ended up at the Gower Peninsula in Wales. While walking provides Spencer with time to grieve(悲伤), she’s also using the trip to raise ￡100,000 for the Bristol Children’s Hospital. Spencer expects to complete her walk next spring. She’d love to finish on Valentine’s Day, but doesn’t know if that is realistic. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Reading the world in 195 boobs In 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English. The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task. But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes, extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet. One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $