专题01 冠词、介词（期末复习讲义）六年级英语上学期新教材鲁教版五四学制

该初中英语期末复习讲义聚焦冠词和介词，通过分类梳理与对比表格构建知识体系。冠词部分用表格区分a/an用法，列表呈现定冠词“特指”、零冠词“泛指”的核心用法及固定搭配，介词部分以时间、地点介词为框架，用对比表格归纳at/in/on等介词的情境差异，辅以易错点拨明确混淆点，系统呈现知识脉络与重难点联系。 讲义亮点在于核心素养导向的分层设计，命题趋势融入情境化练习，如“用适当的冠词/介词填空”结合生活场景，阅读填空语篇“China Enters Space Club”渗透文化传承意识。基础通关单选夯实基础，拓展提高阅读填空提升综合运用能力，口诀记忆与易错点拨助力学习能力培养，支持教师实施分层教学与学生自主复习。

专题01 冠词、介词（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-6 冠词、介词 单项选择 语法选择 完形填空 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 冠词 冠词是置于名词之前，限定名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词不能离开名词单独使用 冠词分为定冠词（the）、不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词。 一、不定冠词 （一）a/an 用法区别 用　法 示　例 a a用在以辅音音素开头的名词之前 a book一本书 an an用在以元音音素开头的名词之前 an interesting club 一个有趣的社团 （二） 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词的基本概念是“非特指”，用于指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个。a 、an有“一”的意 思，相当于数词one ，但没有one 的意义强烈。具体用法如下： 1 . 表示类别。表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。如：She is a teacher. 2. 泛指某人或某物中，不具体说明何人或何物，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。如：A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 3. 不定冠词用在表示"单位"的名词前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词,表示 "每一"相当于every,per。如， We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 4．在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如: I want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。 5.用在固定词组中。如： have a walk /a rest /a look ，a little , a few , a lot ,a number of , a lot of ，in a hurry , in a minute , in a word , in a short while ,after a while , have a cold , have a try 二、定冠词 定冠词的基本概念是“特指”，用于指说话人和听话人已知的人或事物，可与单数可数名词、复数可数名词或 不可数名词一起使用。例如：“Where is the library?” “The glasses are on her dad's nose.” “The milk is on the table.”。定冠词在辅音前读/ðə/，在元音前读/ði/，特别强调时可读/ðiː/。具体用法如下： 1.在表示双方都知道的人或物的名词之前：There are some trees in front of the sports field,　 2.在上文提到过的人或事物名词之前：     There is a farm next to our school, we often visit the farm, 3.在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4.与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如： Do you know who invented the computer? 5.与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the old 老人。 6.用在序数词和形容词最高级前. 如： Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 7.用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前：the Great Wall(长城)。 8.用在表示乐器的名词之前.如， 　She plays the piano. / The little girl likes to play the violin. 9.用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens　 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)。 10.在方位名词之前　，如：in the west 11.在某些短语中　in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),　the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,　the next morning,　in the sky　in the dark,　in the rain,　in the middle (of),　in the end, by the way,　 三零冠词 零冠词指名词前不加冠词的情况。例如：“My favourite subject is English.” “Binbin is good with numbers.” “It’s time for me to go to bed.”。有的语法书并不把零冠词列为冠词的一种。具体用法如下： 1. 不可数名词泛指表示类别。如， Water is very important . 水是非常重要的 。 2. 复数名词表示人或物的种类时，如：Teachers teach students. 教师教学生 . 3.在国名，人名，地名和学科，语言名词前通常不用定冠词， 如 ：England，Mary； 4. 在年份、季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。如， We go to school from Monday to Friday.　 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 5.在三餐、球类运动、棋牌类游戏等名称前，不加冠词。 如：I have breakfast at 7:00. Tom can play Chinese chess Can you play football ? 6. 在某些固定词组中：day and night , face to face ,hand in hand ,side by side , go to school, go to work, 等。 【注意】 在"by + 交通工具"的短语里不加冠词。 如：Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们乘车还是步行。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1、a/an混用 ❌ This is an useful book. → ✅ This is a useful book. ❌ Tom plays tennis for half a hour. → ✅ Tom plays tennis for half an hour. 2、a、an、the混用 ❌ . A monkey is one of the cleverest animals. → ✅ The monkey is one of the cleverest animals. ❌ There is the teachers’ building across from the school hall. → ✅ There is a teachers’ building across from the school hall. 【即时检测】用适当的冠词填空 1._______ earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. 2.This afternoon my grandfather bought a newspaper. but he can’t remember where he put newspaper. 3 .Dale's dream is to be__ scientist in the future. 4.—What can you do? —I can play _______ piano. 5. —We had a great school trip today. —Yes, it’s ________ exciting day. 知识点02 介词 介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。常与动词构成动词短语，和名词等词构成介词短语。在初中 范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自 己的规律来。具体分类记忆如下： 一、时间介词 1.at,in ,on at on in at 3 o'clock 日期：on 22nd November 月份：in April 钟点 星期几：on Thursday 季节：in spring at lunchtime 节假日：on New Year's Day 年份：in 1949 用餐 一天中的某段时间：on Sunday mornings in the afternoon at Christmas 年龄：at the age of 20 【口诀记忆】 At时间点， in指月，季，年。有on必有天， 特定早、午、晚用on 来接连。 2. before(在---之前）, after （在---之后），如 before breakfast、after school。 3.until，till:直到….为止 e.g. The radio worked all night till last night. 【注意】 until常与not连用，构成“not---until”结构，意为 “直到---才” 4.by:在….之前，不迟于 e.g. By the time I arrived, she had already gone. 5.for:达….之久（加一段时间，表示过了多少时间，多用how long 提问） e.g. My Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks. 6.during:在…时期当中 e.g. He woke many times during the night. 7.表示时间的起点用from(从….起 )，since(自从….以来) e.g. From sunrise to sunset he waited. Since my last letter I have heard from him twice. 8.表示时间的经过等用in:过….后（未来时间，多用how soon提问） e.g. I heard that she would be back in a month. 二、表示地点的介词 表示地点的介词很多，其中最常用、最灵活的是 at、in 和 on。 1.at 表示在某个地点，例如: at school, at home. at the bus stop. at the music studio. at his house, at the shop 2.on 表示在某个表面上，例如：on a board. on the desk. on his head. on the door. on the sports field on the river 3.in 表示在某个范围内，例如：in the photo, in the garden, in China. in the world. in your schoolbag. in Class 2 4.除了 at、in 和 on 这三个介词，常见的方位介词还有以下几个。 under：在……下面:The shoes are under the bed. in front of：在……前面:Are there any flowers in front of their classroom? behind：在……后面:A baby duck is behind the big tree. next to：紧邻；在……近旁: This week I sit next to my best friend, Han Lin. across from：在……对面:The dining hall is across from our classroom building. between：在……中间:The student centre is between the library and the gym. across，through：穿过；通过. 【区别】across从...的表面穿过，through从...的内部穿过。如， The river runs through the city. Go across the bridge, you’ll find the park. 三、其他常用介词。 表示手段和材料等用法的介词:with，in，by 1.with：和…在一起，带有、具有，用某种具体工具、材料或人体器官 I believe it with my eyes. He is cutting paper with a knife . Can I write the exam paper with a pen 常用短语：with the help of 2.in：以…形式，以…方式；用…语言/声音，表示穿...衣着，用墨水、颜料等原料等。 e.g. She keeps a diary in English. 3.by：用...手段或方式。 如， The old man had to make a living by selling vegetables 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。 by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bike=on a bikeby ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a busby plane=on a plane by air 空运 by land 陆运by sea 海运 on foot 四、与其他词的连用 1.介词与名词连用 on duty 值日；值班 on the farm 在农场 in the middle 在中间 on the way to 在去……的路上 on the left 在左面 in the future 将来 2.动词与介词连用 look at 看 talk about 谈论 think of 想到 listen to 听 learn from 向……学习 ask for 请求 3.形容词与介词连用 be good at 在某方面擅长 be similar to 与……相似 be famous for 因……而出名 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be good with 善于应对----的 be busy with 忙于---- 易｜错｜点｜拨 时间介词混用 ❌ He often plays basketball in Sunday afternoon. → ✅ He often plays basketball on Sunday afternoon. ❌ Tom’s birthday is in December 31. → ✅ Tom’s birthday is on December 31. 【即时检测】 用适当的介词填空完成句子。 1.—Hello. Is Gina there? —Sorry, she's not____home. 2.—What time do you usually get up on weekends? —I usually get up at 6:30______the morning. 3. World Book Day is ________ April 23 every year. 4.— We must study hard to get into a good high school. — Exactly! Happiness is achieved ________ hard work. 5.—When did the accident happen? —It happened__________9: 15__________the morning of April 1st, 2015. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 单项选择 1. She is ______ girl. She is ______ English girl. A. a…a B. an…a C. a…an D. a…/ 2. Tom is ______ English. He is ______ English boy. A. an…an B. /…an C. /…/ D. a…a 3. January is ______ first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the 4. ______ number of the students in our class is 52. A. A B. An C. The D. / 5. She can play ______ piano, but she can't play ______ football. A. the…the B. the…/ C. /…the D. a…a 6. There is ______ "s" in the word "six" and ______ "s" is the first letter of the word. A. a…the B. a…an C. an…the D. a…a 7. The Tianwen 1 Probe landed on Mars ______ May 15th,2021. A. at B. in C. to D. on 8. They go to school ______ bike. A. by B. with C. on D. in 9.When are you arriving?I'll pick you up ______ the station. A. at B. to C. on D. off 10.— Shall I help you ______ the street, Grandpa? —No,thanks. I can manage it myself. A. on B. with C. across D. along 11. A horse is ______ useful animal. A. an B. a C. the D. this 12. He has already worked for ______ hour. A. an B. a C. the D. / 13.—Can you help me _______my English? — With pleasure. A. to B. with C. in D. for 14. I’m interested ________science, I want to be ______scientist in the future. A. in, the B. of, an C. in , a D. with, a 15.My school is similar _____ your school, but it is different ______ Lucy’s. A. from, to B. in, from C. on, in D. to, from 拓展提高（测试时间：15分钟） 一、用适当的介词或冠词填空完成句子。 1. It is going to rain. Take an umbrella ______ you. 2. We plant flowers ______ the garden every year. 3. My brother plays basketball with friends ______ Sundays. 4.My sister can play _______violin very well, but she can’t play _______ping-pong. 5.______ boy next to my father is my brother. 6.Most of my classmates were born__________June, 1998. 7.For many Western people, they drink cold water even__________winter. 8.My sister was born________a cold winter morning. 9.Come to our club and fall in love _______books. 10. Join us in Room303 _____4:30 pm on Tuesdays. 二、阅读填空 China Enters Space Club 1.________ 24th April 1970, China’s first satellite, Dongfanghong-1 was launched. China became 2.________fifth country to have satellites. When people heard about the news, they got very 3.________(excite) . They looked up 4._______ the night sky to see Dongfanghong-1. 5._______satellite worked for 28 days, and collected a lot 6.______ data for research. Zhou Zhicheng, 7.______ 7-year-old boy at that time of the satellite launch, said, “I can hear The East Is Red 8.______the radio. When Dongfanghong-1 flew over China, my 9.________( parent) and grandparents were very happy.”When he grew up, Zhou Zhicheng became 10._____ scientist and he is part of the research team for Dongfanghong-5. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【Word Bank】 launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. 发射 satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ n. 人造卫星 data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据；资料；材料 research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究；探索 radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 收音机 Dongfanghong-1 东方红1号 The East Is Red《东方红》(歌曲) $ 专题01 冠词、介词（期末复习讲义） 单元 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 Unit 1-6 冠词、介词 单项选择 语法选择 完形填空 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 知识点01 冠词 冠词是置于名词之前，限定名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词不能离开名词单独使用 冠词分为定冠词（the）、不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词。 一、不定冠词 （一）a/an 用法区别 用　法 示　例 a a用在以辅音音素开头的名词之前 a book一本书 an an用在以元音音素开头的名词之前 an interesting club 一个有趣的社团 （二） 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词的基本概念是“非特指”，用于指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个。a 、an有“一”的意 思，相当于数词one ，但没有one 的意义强烈。具体用法如下： 1 . 表示类别。表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。如：She is a teacher. 2. 泛指某人或某物中，不具体说明何人或何物，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。如：A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 3. 不定冠词用在表示"单位"的名词前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词,表示 "每一"相当于every,per。如， We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 4．在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如: I want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。 5.用在固定词组中。如： have a walk /a rest /a look ，a little , a few , a lot ,a number of , a lot of ，in a hurry , in a minute , in a word , in a short while ,after a while , have a cold , have a try 二、定冠词 定冠词的基本概念是“特指”，用于指说话人和听话人已知的人或事物，可与单数可数名词、复数可数名词或 不可数名词一起使用。例如：“Where is the library?” “The glasses are on her dad's nose.” “The milk is on the table.”。定冠词在辅音前读/ðə/，在元音前读/ði/，特别强调时可读/ðiː/。具体用法如下： 1.在表示双方都知道的人或物的名词之前：There are some trees in front of the sports field,　 2.在上文提到过的人或事物名词之前：     There is a farm next to our school, we often visit the farm, 3.在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4.与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如： Do you know who invented the computer? 5.与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the old 老人。 6.用在序数词和形容词最高级前. 如： Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 7.用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前：the Great Wall(长城)。 8.用在表示乐器的名词之前.如， 　She plays the piano. / The little girl likes to play the violin. 9.用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens　 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)。 10.在方位名词之前　，如：in the west 11.在某些短语中　in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),　the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,　the next morning,　in the sky　in the dark,　in the rain,　in the middle (of),　in the end, by the way,　 三零冠词 零冠词指名词前不加冠词的情况。例如：“My favourite subject is English.” “Binbin is good with numbers.” “It’s time for me to go to bed.”。有的语法书并不把零冠词列为冠词的一种。具体用法如下： 1. 不可数名词泛指表示类别。如， Water is very important . 水是非常重要的 。 2. 复数名词表示人或物的种类时，如：Teachers teach students. 教师教学生 . 3.在国名，人名，地名和学科，语言名词前通常不用定冠词， 如 ：England，Mary； 4. 在年份、季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。如， We go to school from Monday to Friday.　 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 5.在三餐、球类运动、棋牌类游戏等名称前，不加冠词。 如：I have breakfast at 7:00. Tom can play Chinese chess Can you play football ? 6. 在某些固定词组中：day and night , face to face ,hand in hand ,side by side , go to school, go to work, 等。 【注意】 在"by + 交通工具"的短语里不加冠词。 如：Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们乘车还是步行。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1、a/an混用 ❌ This is an useful book. → ✅ This is a useful book. ❌ Tom plays tennis for half a hour. → ✅ Tom plays tennis for half an hour. 2、a、an、the混用 ❌ . A monkey is one of the cleverest animals. → ✅ The monkey is one of the cleverest animals. ❌ There is the teachers’ building across from the school hall. → ✅ There is a teachers’ building across from the school hall. 【即时检测】用适当的冠词填空 1. _______ earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. 答案：The 解析：earth（地球）是宇宙中独一无二的天体，这类专有名词前需加定冠词 The 表特指，类似用法如 the sun（太阳）、the moon（月亮）。 2. This afternoon my grandfather bought a newspaper, but he can’t remember where he put _______ newspaper. 答案：the 解析：前半句已提到“a newspaper”（一份报纸），后半句再次指代这份特定的报纸，需用定冠词 the 表特指，避免重复且明确对象。 3. Dale's dream is to be _______ scientist in the future. 答案：a 解析：scientist（科学家）是可数名词单数，此处表示“一名科学家”，是泛指某一职业，且 scientist 以辅音音素 /s/ 开头，故用不定冠词 a。 4. —What can you do? —I can play _______ piano. 答案：the 解析：乐器类名词（如 piano、violin、guitar）前必须加定冠词 the，这是固定用法，表特指该类乐器。 5. —We had a great school trip today. —Yes, it’s _______ exciting day. 答案：an 解析：day（日子）是可数名词单数，此处表示“令人兴奋的一天”，是泛指；exciting 以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头，故用不定冠词 an。 知识点02 介词 介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。常与动词构成动词短语，和名词等词构成介词短语。在初中 范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自 己的规律来。具体分类记忆如下： 一、时间介词 1.at,in ,on at on in at 3 o'clock 日期：on 22nd November 月份：in April 钟点 星期几：on Thursday 季节：in spring at lunchtime 节假日：on New Year's Day 年份：in 1949 用餐 一天中的某段时间：on Sunday mornings in the afternoon at Christmas 年龄：at the age of 20 【口诀记忆】 At时间点， in指月，季，年。有on必有天， 特定早、午、晚用on 来接连。 2. before(在---之前）, after （在---之后），如 before breakfast、after school。 3.until，till:直到….为止 e.g. The radio worked all night till last night. 【注意】 until常与not连用，构成“not---until”结构，意为 “直到---才” 4.by:在….之前，不迟于 e.g. By the time I arrived, she had already gone. 5.for:达….之久（加一段时间，表示过了多少时间，多用how long 提问） e.g. My Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks. 6.during:在…时期当中 e.g. He woke many times during the night. 7.表示时间的起点用from(从….起 )，since(自从….以来) e.g. From sunrise to sunset he waited. Since my last letter I have heard from him twice. 8.表示时间的经过等用in:过….后（未来时间，多用how soon提问） e.g. I heard that she would be back in a month. 二、表示地点的介词 表示地点的介词很多，其中最常用、最灵活的是 at、in 和 on。 1.at 表示在某个地点，例如: at school, at home. at the bus stop. at the music studio. at his house, at the shop 2.on 表示在某个表面上，例如：on a board. on the desk. on his head. on the door. on the sports field on the river 3.in 表示在某个范围内，例如：in the photo, in the garden, in China. in the world. in your schoolbag. in Class 2 4.除了 at、in 和 on 这三个介词，常见的方位介词还有以下几个。 under：在……下面:The shoes are under the bed. in front of：在……前面:Are there any flowers in front of their classroom? behind：在……后面:A baby duck is behind the big tree. next to：紧邻；在……近旁: This week I sit next to my best friend, Han Lin. across from：在……对面:The dining hall is across from our classroom building. between：在……中间:The student centre is between the library and the gym. across，through：穿过；通过. 【区别】across从...的表面穿过，through从...的内部穿过。如， The river runs through the city. Go across the bridge, you’ll find the park. 三、其他常用介词。 表示手段和材料等用法的介词:with，in，by 1.with：和…在一起，带有、具有，用某种具体工具、材料或人体器官 I believe it with my eyes. He is cutting paper with a knife . Can I write the exam paper with a pen 常用短语：with the help of 2.in：以…形式，以…方式；用…语言/声音，表示穿...衣着，用墨水、颜料等原料等。 e.g. She keeps a diary in English. 3.by：用...手段或方式。 如， The old man had to make a living by selling vegetables 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。 by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bike=on a bikeby ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a busby plane=on a plane by air 空运 by land 陆运by sea 海运 on foot 四、与其他词的连用 1.介词与名词连用 on duty 值日；值班 on the farm 在农场 in the middle 在中间 on the way to 在去……的路上 on the left 在左面 in the future 将来 2.动词与介词连用 look at 看 talk about 谈论 think of 想到 listen to 听 learn from 向……学习 ask for 请求 3.形容词与介词连用 be good at 在某方面擅长 be similar to 与……相似 be famous for 因……而出名 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be good with 善于应对----的 be busy with 忙于---- 易｜错｜点｜拨 时间介词混用 ❌ He often plays basketball in Sunday afternoon. → ✅ He often plays basketball on Sunday afternoon. ❌ Tom’s birthday is in December 31. → ✅ Tom’s birthday is on December 31. 【即时检测】 用适当的介词填空完成句子。 1. —Hello. Is Gina there? —Sorry, she's not____home. 答案：at 解析：固定搭配“at home”表示“在家”，地点介词at常用于具体的小地点或固定短语中，类似搭配还有at school（在学校）、at the station（在车站）。 2. —What time do you usually get up on weekends? —I usually get up at 6:30______the morning. 答案：in 解析：泛指“上午、下午、晚上”时，用介词in，固定搭配为in the morning/afternoon/evening；若特指某一天的上午/下午/晚上，需用on（如on the morning of Sunday）。 3. World Book Day is ________ April 23 every year. 答案：on 解析：介词on用于具体的日期前（包括年+月+日、月+日），April 23是明确的日期，因此用on；月份、年份前需用in（如in April、in 2025）。 4.  —We must study hard to get into a good high school. —Exactly! Happiness is achieved ________ hard work. 答案：through 解析：through表示“通过某种方式、手段达成目标”，强调过程和途径；此处强调过程和途径；此处hard work（努力）是实现happiness（幸福）的方式，类似用法还有through practice（通过练习）、through communication（通过沟通）。 5.  —When did the accident happen? —It happened__________9:15__________the morning of April 1st, 2015. 答案：at; on 解析：第一空，具体时刻（如9:15、3:40）前用介词at；第二空，“具体日期+上午/下午/晚上”需用on，the morning of April 1st, 2015明确了“2015年4月1日的上午”，属于特指，因此用on。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 单项选择 1. She is ______ girl. She is ______ English girl. A. a…a B. an…a C. a…an D. a…/ 答案：C 解析：固选规则：不定冠词a/an表泛指“一个”，核心区别在于后接单词的发音——a搭配辅音音素开头的单词（girl /ɡɜːl/ 以辅音音素/ɡ/开头，用a）；an搭配元音音素开头的单词（English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ 以元音音素/ɪ/开头，用an）。结合语法规则，两空均需填不定冠词，因此固选C。 2. Tom is ______ English. He is ______ English boy. A. an…an B. /…an C. /…/ D. a…a 答案：B 解析：固选规则：表示“某国人”（如English、Chinese、Japanese）时，前面不加冠词（第一空填/）；第二空泛指“一个英国男孩”，English以元音音素开头，需用an。根据两空的语法要求，固选B。 3. January is ______ first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the 答案：D 解析：固选规则：序数词（first、second、third等）前必须加定冠词the，表“顺序中的第……”，这是序数词的固定用法（first month 意为“第一个月”）。a/an表泛指，不符合“特指一年中第一个月”的语境，因此固选D。 4. ______ number of the students in our class is 52. A. A B. An C. The D. / 答案：C 解析：固选搭配：区分两组核心短语——the number of 表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数（题干中is为单数，符合此搭配）；a number of 表示“许多”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数（与题干语境不符）。因此固选C。 5. She can play ______ piano, but she can't play ______ football. A. the…the B. the…/ C. /…the D. a…a 答案：B 解析：固选规则：文娱活动前冠词使用有明确规范——演奏乐器时，乐器名称前必须加the（piano 是乐器，填the）；球类、棋类运动前不加冠词（football 是球类，填/）。根据两类活动的固选要求，固选B。 6. There is ______ "s" in the word "six" and ______ "s" is the first letter of the word. A. a…the B. a…an C. an…the D. a…a 答案：C 解析：固选规则：第一空泛指“一个字母s”，s 的发音为/es/，以元音音素/e/开头，需用an；第二空特指“six这个单词中的s”，特指前文提到的事物用the。两空分别对应“泛指元音音素开头的字母”和“特指前文事物”的规则，因此固选C。 7. The Tianwen 1 Probe landed on Mars ______ May 15th,2021. A. at B. in C. to D. on 答案：D 解析：固选规则：时间介词的使用需区分场景——on 用于具体日期（年+月+日、月+日，如May 15th,2021）；at 用于具体时刻（如3:00）；in 用于月份、年份或泛指早中晚（如in May、in 2021）；to 无“在某时间”的用法。题干是具体日期，因此固选D。 8. They go to school ______ bike. A. by B. with C. on D. in 答案：A 解析：固选搭配：表示“乘坐交通工具”，固选“by + 交通工具名词（单数、无冠词）”的结构（如by bike、by bus、by car）；with 表示“和……一起”，on/in 后接交通工具时需加冠词（如on a bike、in a car），均不符合题干结构，因此固选A。 9. When are you arriving? I'll pick you up ______ the station. A. at B. to C. on D. off 答案：A 解析：固选规则：地点介词at 用于具体的小地点（station、school、office、hospital等），表“在……（小地点）”；on 用于较大地点（如城市、国家）或平面（如on the desk）；to 表“朝向”，off 表“离开”，均不贴合“在车站接人”的语境，因此固选A。 10. — Shall I help you ______ the street, Grandpa? —No, thanks. I can manage it myself. A. on B. with C. across D. along 答案：C 解析：固选搭配：help sb. across the street 是固定表达，意为“帮某人过马路”，across 强调“从街道一边到另一边”，符合语境；on 表“在……上面”，with 表“和……一起”，along 表“沿着”，均无法表达“穿越街道”的含义，因此固选C。 11. A horse is ______ useful animal. A. an B. a C. the D. this 答案：B 解析：固选规则：不定冠词a/an 的选择取决于单词发音（而非拼写），useful /ˈjuːsfl/ 虽以字母u开头，但发音以辅音音素/juː/开头，需用a；an 搭配元音音素开头的单词，the 表特指，this 是指示代词（后接单数名词，无需与a/an 连用），均不符合语境，因此固选B。 12. He has already worked for ______ hour. A. an B. a C. the D. / 答案：A 解析：固选规则：hour /ˈaʊə(r)/ 虽以字母h开头，但h不发音，实际以元音音素/aʊ/开头，表“一个小时”需用an；a 搭配辅音音素开头的单词，the 表特指，/ 无法体现“一个”的含义，因此固选A。 13. — Can you help me _______ my English? — With pleasure. A. to B. with C. in D. for 答案：B 解析：固选搭配：help 的核心搭配为help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做某事）和help sb. (to) do sth.（帮助某人做某事），题干中my English 是名词短语，需用with 连接；to 后需接动词原形，in/for 无此搭配，因此固选B。 14. I’m interested ________ science, I want to be ______ scientist in the future. A. in, the B. of, an C. in , a D. with, a 答案：C 解析：固选搭配：第一空为固定短语be interested in，意为“对……感兴趣”，排除of/with；第二空泛指“一名科学家”，scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ 以辅音音素/s/开头，用a（an 搭配元音音素开头的单词，the 表特指），因此固选C。 15. My school is similar _____ your school, but it is different ______ Lucy’s. A. from, to B. in, from C. on, in D. to, from 答案：D 解析：固选搭配：两个核心固定短语需牢记——be similar to 表示“与……相似”，be different from 表示“与……不同”，介词to 和from 不可混淆替换。根据短语搭配要求，固选D。 拓展提高（测试时间：15分钟） 一、用适当的介词或冠词填空完成句子。 1. It is going to rain. Take an umbrella ______ you. 2. We plant flowers ______ the garden every year. 3. My brother plays basketball with friends ______ Sundays. 4.My sister can play _______violin very well, but she can’t play _______ping-pong. 5.______ boy next to my father is my brother. 6.Most of my classmates were born__________June, 1998. 7.For many Western people, they drink cold water even__________winter. 8.My sister was born________a cold winter morning. 9.Come to our club and fall in love _______books. 10. Join us in Room303 _____4:30 pm on Tuesdays. 1. It is going to rain. Take an umbrella ______ you. 答案：with 解析：take sth. with sb. 是固定短语，意为“随身携带某物”，强调物品与某人伴随，符合“带伞出门”的语境。 2. We plant flowers ______ the garden every year. 答案：in 解析：介词in 用于表示“在某个空间内部”，花园是封闭的空间范围，“在花园里种花”用in 搭配。 3. My brother plays basketball with friends ______ Sundays. 答案：on 解析：星期几前用介词on，Sundays 表示“每周日”，此处强调在具体的星期几进行活动。 4. My sister can play _______violin very well, but she can’t play _______ping-pong. 答案：the；/ 解析：演奏乐器时，乐器名称前需加定冠词the（violin 是小提琴，属乐器类）；球类运动名称前不加冠词 （ping-pong 是乒乓球，属球类运动）。 5. ______ boy next to my father is my brother. 答案：The 解析：定冠词the 用于特指某个人或事物，此处特指“在我爸爸旁边的那个男孩”，需用the 修饰。 6. Most of my classmates were born__________June, 1998. 答案：in 解析：月份、年份前用介词in，June 1998 表示“1998年6月”，属于单独的月份或年份范畴。 7. For many Western people, they drink cold water even__________winter. 答案：in 解析：季节前用介词in，winter 表示“冬天”，“在冬天”常用in winter 表达。 8. My sister was born________a cold winter morning. 答案：on 解析：当早、中、晚前有形容词修饰（如a cold winter morning“一个寒冷的冬日早晨”），表示特指某个具 体的时间段时，用介词on。 9. Come to our club and fall in love _______books. 答案：with 解析：fall in love with 是固定短语，意为“爱上……”，后接对象，此处表示“爱上书籍”。 10. Join us in Room303 _____4:30 pm on Tuesdays. 答案：at 解析：具体时刻（如几点几分）前用介词at，4:30 pm 表示“下午4点30分”，是明确的时刻。 二、阅读填空 China Enters Space Club 1.________ 24th April 1970, China’s first satellite, Dongfanghong-1 was launched. China became 2.________fifth country to have satellites. When people heard about the news, they got very 3.________(excite) . They looked up 4._______ the night sky to see Dongfanghong-1. 5._______satellite worked for 28 days, and collected a lot 6.______ data for research. Zhou Zhicheng, 7.______ 7-year-old boy at that time of the satellite launch, said, “I can hear The East Is Red 8.______the radio. When Dongfanghong-1 flew over China, my 9.________( parent) and grandparents were very happy.”When he grew up, Zhou Zhicheng became 10._____ scientist and he is part of the research team for Dongfanghong-5. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【Word Bank】 launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. 发射 satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ n. 人造卫星 data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据；资料；材料 research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究；探索 radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 收音机 Dongfanghong-1 东方红1号 The East Is Red《东方红》(歌) 【答案与解析】 1. On 解析：具体日期（月+日）前用介词on，24th April 1970 是明确日期，故填On（句首首字母大写）。 2. the 解析：序数词（fifth）前需加定冠词the，表示“第五个国家”，强调顺序。 3. excited 解析：此处修饰人（they），用形容词excited（感到兴奋的）；exciting 修饰事物，不符合语境。 4. at 解析：固定搭配look up at 表示“抬头看……”，此处指“抬头看夜空”，故填at。 5. The 解析：特指前文提到的“东方红一号卫星”，用定冠词the 修饰，句首首字母大写。 6. of 解析：固定短语a lot of 表示“许多”，后接名词（data），表示“收集了大量研究数据”。 7. a 解析：泛指“一个7岁的男孩”，7-year-old 以辅音音素/ˈsevn/开头，用不定冠词a。 8. on 解析：表示“通过收音机”，用固定搭配on the radio，是常用表达。 9. parents 解析：parent 是可数名词，结合语境“我的父母和祖父母”，需用复数形式parents。 10. a 解析：泛指“一名科学家”，scientist 以辅音音素/ˈsaɪəntɪst/开头，用不定冠词a。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $