2026届高考英语一轮复习外刊精读与练习 Day 36 科学实验像屠宰场？器官芯片或将拯救数百万实验动物 任务单

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖阅读理解、词汇运用、写作表达等核心考点，以“人与科技”主题语篇为载体，按“阅读输入-问题探究-词汇内化-语言输出”逻辑构建知识网络，通过语篇分析与主旨梳理引导学生自主提炼文章逻辑流向，形成结构化阅读与思辨能力框架。 亮点在于分层自测诊断与核心素养协同培养，Exercise分基础版（90分）和提高版（130分）题目，学生可自主定位薄弱环节，Learning部分系统梳理重点词汇并结合语境例句内化，培养语言能力与学习能力。Writing环节通过句式提炼与仿写提升表达准确性，支持学生自主诊断提升，教师可依学情实施差异化指导，落实因材施教。

Step 1: Reading We can stop sacrificing millions of lives for our own health 科学实验像屠宰场？器官芯片或将拯救数百万实验动物​​ 语境：人与科技 改编自：卫报 Article Main idea Science, for all its benefits, operates in a moral grey area. We seldom acknowledge how profoundly animal life underwrites (支撑，资助) the research yielding our medicines and safety regulations. In the UK alone, 2024 saw 2.64 million officially sanctioned (批准的) scientific procedures on live animals, many causing distress or death. However, a recent government strategy proposes phasing out animal testing, suggesting that emerging technologies could largely replace animals in our scientific endeavours (努力，尝试). 提出科学研究的伦理困境，通过具体数据指出动物实验的广泛性与代价，并引出英国政府旨在用技术替代动物实验的新战略。 The UK has previously banned animal testing for cosmetics (化妆品) and restricted its research use. Yet, needlessly cruel practices persist, such as the Forced Swim Test on rodents (啮齿动物). The government is now effectively banning new licenses for such tests and setting targets to end the testing of caustic (腐蚀性的) chemicals on eyes and skin. This progress is welcome, but many widespread practices, like inducing tumours (肿瘤) in mice for cancer research, remain accepted despite their barbarity (野蛮). When animal welfare clashes with human benefit, collective compassion often reaches its limit. Success hinges on convincing both scientists and the public that trusted methods can be replaced by equally or more effective alternatives. 阐述英国在限制动物实验方面的既有进展与当前行动，同时指出公众对某些残酷实验的矛盾接受态度，并点明推动变革的关键在于证明替代方案的有效性。 Fortunately, viable alternatives are emerging. “Organ-on-a-chip” systems use lab-grown cells to simulate bodily functions. Meanwhile, machine learning excels at predicting drug toxic (有毒的) effects. These methods won’t offer perfect human insights, but neither do animal tests, as evidenced by classic cautionary (告诫的) tales like paracetamol’s toxicity to cats. Unlike vague AI strategies, this plan appears concrete. It commits £60m in funding, focuses on validating specific animal-free alternatives, and hearteningly (令人鼓舞地) outlines a decade-long roadmap for their maturation, avoiding the pitfall of treating technology as a cure-all. 具体介绍有前景的替代技术（器官芯片、人工智能），并论证其可行性——通过指出动物实验自身也存在局限性，从而削弱对新技术的过高预期，同时肯定新战略的具体性和可操作性。 This shift represents both a scientific and economic opportunity. Animal testing is not only ethically fraught but also costly and slow. With the EU and US also seeking reductions, there is a global market for the relevant knowhow (专业知识). Most importantly, a moral imperative (必要的事，义务) exists to free these animals. While past policies reduced the use of charismatic (有超凡魅力的，指招人喜爱的) species like dogs, today 95% of lab animals are rodents, birds, or fish. They, too, deserve ethical consideration as we strive for humane scientific progress. 从伦理、经济和全球趋势三个层面总结告别动物实验的必然性与意义，并以对非“魅力型”实验动物的伦理关怀作结，升华主题。 文章命题思路 中心主题： 在伦理责任、科学进步与经济利益的多重驱动下，利用具体可行的技术方案逐步取代动物实验，不仅是可能的，更是必要且紧迫的。 逻辑流向： 提出问题--分析现状与挑战--提出解决方案并论证其可行性--总结意义与升华呼吁 Step 2: Exercise 第一部分：【基础版】适合成绩约90分学生 1. What is the main purpose of the UK government's new strategy mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To increase funding for animal testing procedures. B. To gradually stop using animals in scientific experiments. C. To officially sanction more animal testing for medical research. D. To acknowledge the contributions of animal life to science. 2. According to paragraph 2, which of the following practices is the UK government taking action to stop? A. Testing cosmetics on human volunteers. B. Using dogs and horses in any experiment. C. The Forced Swim Test and testing caustic chemicals on animals. D. All cancer research involving mice. 3. What does the word “alternatives” in paragraph 3 most likely refer to? A. New government policies and stricter regulations. B. Different species of animals used for testing. C. Non-animal methods like organ-on-a-chip and AI systems. D. Classic cautionary tales from past scientific mistakes. 4. What is a key advantage of the new strategy compared to general AI strategies, as per paragraph 3? A. It requires less funding. B. It has a specific, actionable plan with clear goals. C. It guarantees that all new methods will be perfect. D. It focuses only on popular, charismatic animal species. 5. What is the author’s primary argument in the final paragraph? A. Animal testing is the cheapest method for scientific research. B. Only rodents and fish should be used in labs for ethical reasons. C. Moving away from animal testing is an ethical duty and a global economic opportunity. D. The US and EU have already completely ended animal experimentation. 第二部分：【提高版】适合成绩约130分学生 1. The author describes science as a “moral grey area” in the beginning primarily to ______. A. criticize all scientific progress as fundamentally unethical B. introduce the central ethical dilemma that the article will explore C. argue that animal testing has no scientific value whatsoever D. praise the UK government for its clear moral stance 2. In paragraph 2, the author mentions that practices like giving mice tumours are “still considered acceptable” by most people. What is the intended effect of this statement? A. To show that the public is completely unaware of these practices. B. To highlight a contradiction between perceived acceptability and the described “barbarity,” thus complicating the ethical debate. C. To argue that these practices are scientifically necessary and should continue. D. To prove that the government’s new strategy is unnecessary. 3. How does the author develop the argument in paragraph 3 regarding the effectiveness of new technologies? A. By dismissing all new technologies as inferior to animal testing. B. By using a concession and rebuttal strategy—acknowledging their limitations while arguing animal tests share the same flaws. C. By providing extensive financial data to prove their cost-effectiveness. D. By comparing them only to the failed example of thalidomide. 4. What does the author imply by stating that past policies reduced the use of “charismatic species” while most lab animals are now rodents and fish? A. Public concern and policy are easily swayed by how likable an animal is, raising questions about consistent ethics. B. Rodents and fish are less intelligent and therefore more suitable for testing. C. The problem of animal testing has been virtually solved for all species. D. Dogs and horses are no longer useful for scientific research. 5. Which of the following best captures the article’s overall tone and perspective? A. Uncaringly technical and fully supportive of unrestricted animal testing. B. Emotionally outraged, demanding the immediate and total abolition of all animal testing. C. Rationally persuasive, acknowledging complexities while advocating for a practical, technology-driven transition. D. Deeply skeptical and pessimistic about the possibility of any change. (三) 答案与解析 第一部分：基础版答案与解析 答案： 1. B, 2. C, 3. C, 4. B, 5. C 解析： 1. 答案：B 解析： 文章第一段末尾明确指出，“a recent government strategy proposes phasing out animal testing”，即“一项近期政府战略提议逐步淘汰动物试验”。“phase out”意为“逐步停止”，与选项B“gradually stop”直接对应。选项A和C与文章意思相反，选项D是描述现状，而非新战略的目的。 2. 答案：C 解析： 文章第二段提到，“The government is now effectively banning new licenses for such tests (指Forced Swim Test) and setting targets to end the testing of caustic chemicals on eyes and skin.” 这与选项C描述的内容完全一致。选项A和B在文中未提及，选项D中的“All cancer research”过于绝对，文中只提到这是一种仍被接受的做法，并未说要全部停止。 3. 答案：C 解析： 第三段开头提出“viable alternatives are emerging”，紧接着用“‘Organ-on-a-chip’ systems”和“machine learning”作为例子进行具体说明。因此，“alternatives”指代的就是这些“非动物方法”。选项A、B、D均不是该段所讨论的替代方案。 4. 答案：B 解析： 文章第三段后半部分指出，“Unlike vague AI strategies, this plan appears concrete. It commits £60m... and outlines a decade-long roadmap...” 这表明新战略的优势在于其具体、可执行的计划与清晰的目标。选项A、C的表述与文章内容不符，选项D并非其比较优势。 5. 答案：C 解析： 最后一段的主题句表明这种转变是“both a scientific and economic opportunity”，并强调“a moral imperative exists to free these animals”。选项C综合了这两个核心点：伦理责任和全球经济机遇。选项A与文中“costly”相反，选项B过于绝对且非作者主要论点，选项D的“completely ended”与文中的“seeking reductions”不符。 第二部分：提高版答案与解析 答案： 1. B, 2. B, 3. B, 4. A, 5. C 解析： 1. 答案：B 解析： 开篇的“moral grey area”（道德灰色地带）是一个比喻，意在引出全文探讨的核心矛盾：科学进步依赖于在伦理上存疑的动物实验。这并非全盘否定科学（A），也非直接赞扬政府（D），而是为下文的详细讨论设定一个辩证的基调，引入核心伦理困境。 2. 答案：B 解析： 作者将“barbarity”（野蛮）与“acceptable”（可接受）并置，旨在揭示公众认知中的一种矛盾或双重标准：即使认识到其残酷性，出于对人类利益的考量，人们仍可能接受它。这使伦理讨论复杂化，也解释了推行改革需要“convince the public”的原因。选项A和D不符合文意，选项C与作者总体倾向不符。 3. 答案：B 解析： 作者在论证新技术的有效性时采用了经典的让步反驳法。先承认“These approaches won’t always provide perfect insight”，随后用“but of course neither do animal tests”进行反驳，并举例佐证。这表明新技术虽不完美，但传统动物实验同样存在根本缺陷，从而支持了替代方案的合理性。选项A与作者观点相反，C和D只涉及论据的局部，不是核心论证方法。 4. 答案：A 解析： 作者指出，过去政策减少了“招人喜爱的”动物（如狗、马）的使用，而如今实验室中绝大多数是啮齿类、鸟类或鱼类。这暗示了政策与公众情绪可能受动物外貌和情感共鸣的影响，而非基于一致的伦理原则（所有动物都应免受痛苦）。这引发了对于伦理考量是否真正一视同仁的质疑。选项B和C是错误解读，选项D文中未提及。 5. 答案：C 解析： 纵观全文，作者客观陈述了动物实验的规模与争议，分析了政府战略的细节与优势，探讨了替代技术的潜力与挑战，并最终从伦理、科学、经济多角度论证转型的必要性。其语调是理性、平衡且有说服力的，既认识到问题的复杂性，又明确支持一种务实、技术驱动的变革路径。选项A、B、D分别体现了冷漠、激进或悲观的态度，均与文章整体语气不符。 Step 3: Learning acknowledge 重点： v. 承认；对…表示感谢；告知收到。考查形式：动词，常用acknowledge sth./that从句或acknowledge doing。 近义词： admit, recognize, concede 反义词： deny, ignore, disregard 拓展： acknowledgement (n. 承认；感谢；收悉通知) procedure 重点： n. 程序，步骤，手续；手术。考查形式：名词，常指正式或既定的步骤(scientific/legal/medical procedure)。 近义词： process, routine, protocol, operation 拓展： procedural (adj. 程序上的) phase out 重点： v. 短语动词，意为“逐步淘汰，分阶段停止”。考查形式：动词短语，其名词形式为phase-out。 近义词： eliminate gradually, discontinue, withdraw 反义词： introduce, implement, phase in (逐步采用) 形近词： phrase (n. 短语) strategy 重点： n. 战略，策略。考查形式：名词，指为实现长期目标而制定的全面计划。 近义词： plan, approach, policy, blueprint 拓展： strategic (adj. 战略的) strategist (n. 战略家) restrict 重点： v. 限制，约束。考查形式：动词，常用restrict sth.或restrict sb./sth. to sth.。 近义词： limit, confine, curb, restrain 反义词： allow, permit, expand, liberate 拓展： restriction (n. 限制) restrictive (adj. 限制性的) persist 重点： v. 持续存在；坚持。考查形式：动词，persist in (doing) sth. 坚持做某事；persist 单独使用表示问题等持续存在。 近义词： continue, endure, persevere, last 反义词： cease, stop, disappear, give up 拓展： persistent (adj. 持续的；坚持不懈的) persistence (n. 坚持；持续) effective 重点： adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的。考查形式：形容词，可作定语或表语，注意与efficient（有效率的）区别。 近义词： successful, efficient, potent, valid 反义词： ineffective, useless, futile 拓展： effect (n. 效果 v. 实现) effectively (adv. 有效地；实际上) concrete 重点： adj. 具体的，实在的；混凝土的。考查形式：形容词，与vague（模糊的）相对，指有明确细节和内容的。 熟词生意： n. 混凝土。 近义词： specific, tangible, definite, real 反义词： abstract, vague, theoretical 形近词： concern (v. 涉及，担心) commit 重点： v. 承诺，投入；犯（错）；把…交给。考查形式：动词，commit money/time to (doing) sth. 投入资金/时间；commit oneself to 承诺。 近义词： dedicate, devote, pledge, assign 拓展： commitment (n. 承诺；奉献；投入) committed (adj. 尽心尽力的，坚定的) validate 重点： v. 证实，验证；使生效。考查形式：动词，指通过证据或权威确认某事的真实性或有效性。 近义词： confirm, verify, authenticate, substantiate 反义词： invalidate, disprove, refute 拓展： validation (n. 确认，验证) valid (adj. 有效的；合理的) opportunity 重点： n. 机会，时机。考查形式：名词，常用opportunity for sth./to do sth.，注意与chance（机会，可能性）的区别。 近义词： chance, prospect, opening 反义词： setback, obstacle, missed chance ethically 重点： adv. 伦理上，道德上。考查形式：副词，修饰形容词或整个句子，如ethically fraught（充满伦理争议的）。 近义词： morally, righteously 反义词： unethically, immorally 拓展： ethical (adj. 伦理的，道德的) ethics (n. 伦理学；道德准则) costly 重点： adj. 昂贵的，代价高的。考查形式：形容词，不仅指金钱成本高，也指时间、精力或后果的代价大。 近义词： expensive, dear, high-priced, detrimental 反义词： cheap, inexpensive, economical global 重点： adj. 全球的，全世界的；整体的。考查形式：形容词，作定语(global market/warming/trend)。 近义词： worldwide, international, universal 反义词： local, regional, national 拓展： globalize (v. 全球化) globalization (n. 全球化) market 重点： n. 市场；需求；集市 v. 营销。考查形式：名词/动词。考查重点：a market for sth.（对某物的市场需求）。 近义词： marketplace, demand, bazaar (n.); promote, sell (v.) 拓展： marketing (n. 市场营销) moral 重点： adj. 道德的；精神上的 n. 寓意，道德。考查形式：形容词/名词。注意：moral dilemma/issue/imperative（道德困境/问题/义务）。 近义词： ethical, righteous, virtuous (adj.); lesson, teaching (n.) 反义词： immoral, unethical, amoral (adj.) 拓展： morality (n. 道德) morally (adv. 道德上) deserve 重点： v. 值得，应得。考查形式：动词，deserve sth./to do sth.，不用于进行时态。 近义词： merit, be worthy of, earn 形近词： desert (n. 沙漠 v. 遗弃)，dessert (n. 甜点) consideration 重点： n. 考虑；体贴；报酬。考查形式：名词，take sth. into consideration（考虑某事），show consideration for（体谅…）。 近义词： thought, deliberation, regard, factor 反义词： disregard, neglect 拓展： consider (v. 考虑；认为) considerable (adj. 相当大/多的) considerate (adj. 体贴的) progress 重点： n. 进步，进展；前进 v. 进步，进行。考查形式：名词（不可数）和动词。make progress in（在…取得进展）。 近义词： advancement, development, headway (n.); advance, proceed (v.) 反义词： regress, decline, setback (n.) 拓展： progressive (adj. 进步的；逐步的) complex 重点： adj. 复杂的，复合的 n. 建筑群；情结。考查形式：形容词，描述事物多部分交织、难以理解。 近义词： complicated, intricate, sophisticated 反义词： simple, basic, straightforward 拓展： complexity (n. 复杂性) Step 4: Writing 原句： We rarely acknowledge the degree to which animal life underwrites the research that provides us with medicines, or the regulation that keeps us safe. 句式提炼： Sb. rarely acknowledge the degree to which A (underwrites/explains/contributes to) B, or C. （某人很少意识到A对B或C的支持/解释/贡献程度。） 句式仿写： 话题：科技依赖 We seldom acknowledge the extent to which vast data centers underpin the convenience of our daily digital lives, or the environmental cost they entail. （我们很少意识到庞大的数据中心在多大程度上支撑着我们便捷的日常数字生活，或是它们所带来的环境代价。） Step 5: Translate [1] 科学，尽管带来诸多益处，却运行在一个道德的灰色地带。我们很少承认动物的生命在多大程度上支撑着那些为我们带来药物和安全法规的研究。仅在英国，2024年就有264万项经官方批准的活体动物科学实验，其中许多导致痛苦或死亡。然而，政府近期的一项战略提议逐步淘汰动物试验，表明新兴技术可能在我们科学探索中很大程度上替代动物。 [2] 英国此前已禁止了针对化妆品的动物试验，并限制了其在研究中的使用。然而，不必要的残忍做法仍然存在，例如对啮齿动物的强迫游泳实验。政府现正实际上禁止为此类试验发放新许可证，并设定目标以终止在眼睛和皮肤上测试腐蚀性化学品。这一进展值得欢迎，但许多普遍做法，例如为癌症研究给小鼠诱发肿瘤，尽管有其野蛮性，仍被接受。当动物福利与人类利益发生冲突时，集体的同情心往往达到极限。成功与否取决于能否让科学家和公众相信，可靠的方法能够被同等或更有效的替代方案所取代 [3] 幸运的是，可行的替代方案正在出现。“芯片器官”系统利用实验室培养的细胞来模拟身体功能。同时，机器学习在预测药物有毒副作用方面表现出色。这些方法不会提供完美的人类反应洞察，但动物实验也不能，扑热息痛对猫有毒等经典警示性事例就是明证。与模糊的人工智能战略不同，该计划显得具体。它承诺投入6000万英镑资金，专注于验证特定的非动物替代方案，并令人鼓舞地勾勒了其未来十年成熟发展的路线图，避免了将技术视为万灵药的陷阱。 [4] 这一转变代表了科学和经济的双重机遇。动物试验不仅充满伦理争议，而且昂贵且缓慢。随着欧盟和美国也在寻求减少动物实验，相关专业知识的全球市场已然存在。最重要的是，解放这些动物是一种道德义务。虽然过去的政策减少了使用狗和马等招人喜爱的物种，但如今95%的实验室动物是啮齿类、鸟类或鱼类。在我们追求人道的科学进步时，它们也同样值得伦理关怀。 文本 阅读 思路 分析 分层 练习 单词 拓展 句式仿写 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $