2026届高考英语外刊阅读补充加油站三

2026年高考外刊阅读补充加油站三 A How do your feelings of happiness vary as you grow older? 【New Scientists (October 11-17, 2025)】 The commonly held belief that happiness follows a U-shaped curve – with peaks at the beginning and end of life – might be incorrect. The pattern was popularised in a seminal paper by researchers David Blanchflower and Andrew Oswald in 2008, based on data from half a million people. Since then, it has been held as a common belief and has even been the subject of mainstream books. But Fabian Kratz and Josef Brüderl posit that this belief may be wrong. The pair looked at self-reported happiness statistics for 70,922 adults who took part in the annual socioeconomic panel survey in Germany between 1984 and 2017. They then modelled how happiness changed within each person’s life. Rather than forming a U-shaped curve, they found that happiness generally declines slowly throughout adulthood until people's late 50s, when it begins to tick upwards until 64, then drops dramatically. One of the reasons Kratz believes previous studies have come to what he sees as incorrect conclusions is that they oversimplify the trajectory(轨道) of happiness, partly by ignoring deaths brought about by suicide or ill health. "You get the impression that after a certain age, happiness would increase only because the unhappy peopleare already dead," says Kratz. "There's been a lot of debate in the social sciences about non-replicable findings --results that disappear when new data are collected" says Julia Rohrerat the University of Leipzig in Germany. "But there's another, less appreciated issue: researchers sometimes analyse their data in systematically flawed ways.This can produce results that replicate reliably, yet are still misleading.” Others say the results prompt a new set of questions."This paper is great for thinking about what we're really trying to know in research,"says Philip Cohen atthe University of Maryland, but he points out we should now try to learn why happiness changes throughout life and if the troughs can be avoided. Kratz and Bruderl themselves are keen to avoid speculating on why the changes they observed occur. Oswald says the paper“has interesting results and all research should be welcomed”, but he adds that the pair didn’t control for factors such as marriage and income, which may influence happiness. He also points out that the study only looked at one country, so we don’t know if the results apply elsewhere. Kratz says this would be an interesting avenue for future research, particularly as the findings could have implications for policy. “Previous scholars argued that we need affirmative action policies to help individuals cope with their midlife crisis,” says Kratz. “I do not want to say that this is not urgent, but our results suggest that the most urgent issue is to address happiness decline in old age.” 1. How did Kratz and Brüderl prove the popularized pattern in 2008 wrong? A. They collected a much larger sample of data from over 500,000 participants. B. They tracked and modeled happiness changes within the same individuals over many years. C. They focused exclusively on data from elderly populations to check the late-life happiness peak. D. They reanalyzed the original 2008 data using more advanced statistical software. 2. According to Julia Rohrer, what causes non-replicable findings in social sciences? A. The frequent use of outdated theoretical models. B. A lack of sufficient funding for large-scale data collection. C. Researchers sometimes using systematically flawed methods to analyze data. D. Participants in studies often providing dishonest self-reported data. 3. What does the second to last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Kratz and Brüderl's explanation for why happiness changes over a lifetime. B. Critical responses and limitations of the new study pointed out by other researchers. C. The policy implications of the new findings for addressing midlife crises. D. A detailed comparison between the new study and the original 2008 research. 4. What will be the best title of the passage? A. Happiness Peaks in Midlife: A New Understanding B. Challenging the U-Curve: A New Look at Lifelong Happiness C. The Great Debate: Social Science Research Under Scrutiny D. Global Policies Needed to Combat Declining Happiness in Old Age B HEARTS FROM ORGAN DONORS RESTARTED OUTSIDE THE BODY 【Nature (July 31, 2025)】 Surgeons have developed two low-cost techniques to revive the hearts of people who wish to donate their organs after they die. The methods have been tested on only a small number of people, but they avoid ethical issues associated with current transplantation techniques. Most donated hearts come from people who have been declared brain dead but whose heart is still beating. However, there are not enough such cases to meet the demand for donor hearts. Sometimes, hearts can be obtained from donors who are declared dead once their heart has stopped beating for five minutes. For these hearts to be suitable for transplantation, surgeons must typically either remove the organ from the body and restart it on a machine or get it to beat again while still inside the body. But the former option is expensive and can’t be used for donors weighing less than 40 kilograms, which excludes babies and most children, and the latter is not widely used because of potential ethical issues. The main ethical concern is that jump-starting the heart while it is still in the body might require a change to the recorded cause of death, from circulatory death to brain death. To avoid these potential issues, Joseph Turek, a paediatric cardiac surgeon developed a system to revive children’s hearts outside the body. This involves pumping oxygenated blood into the heart through a tube attached to the aorta (主动脉). The blood is then drained out of the heart through a vent in the left ventricle, collected in a bag to be re-oxygenated and then pumped back into the heart. The team tested the procedure in 12-week-old piglets before the first human trial earlier this year. In that case, surgeons removed the heart of a one-month-old baby who had died, restarted it outside their body, then transplanted it into a three-month old baby. Three months later, the recipient’s heart continued to function normally with no signs of rejection. John Trahanas, a cardiac surgeon at Vanderbilt University was part of the team that developed the second technique. That procedure involves clamping（钳住） the aorta of a deceased individual, then filling the heart with a cool oxygenated fluid that keeps it in a relaxed state without resuscitating it. The fluid contains a mixture of red blood cells, protective solution, electrolytes and multivitamins. The heart is then surgically removed and transplanted. The procedure was successful in the first three adult recipients. The recipients were aged between 40 and 60 and still have functioning hearts with no evidence of rejection six months after the surgery. Robert Montgomery, a transplant surgeon at New York University says that both techniques should be replicated in more individuals to verify the results and ensure the donated hearts provide good blood supply and heart function. 1. What are surgeons supposed to do with a heart that has stopped beating for five minutes? A. Immediately transplant it into another patient. B. Either restart it outside the body on a machine or restart it while still inside the body. C. Preserve it in a cold environment and wait for a suitable recipient. D. Use it only for research purposes due to ethical concerns. 2. Why is it tricky to revive a heart outside the body? A. It requires extremely high temperatures. B. It is expensive and cannot be used for donors weighing less than 40 kilograms. C. It often leads to immediate rejection by the recipient’s body. D. It is legally prohibited in most countries. 3. Which of the following statements is true concerning these two techniques to revive the hearts of organ donors? A. Both techniques have been widely used in adult and child patients for years. B. The first technique restarts the heart inside the body, while the second revives it outside. C. The first technique has been tested on piglets and used in a human infant transplant. D. The second technique involves warming the heart to restart its function. 4. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. The history of heart transplantation and its ethical challenges. B. Two new low-cost methods to revive stopped hearts for donation and their early results. C. The differences between brain death and circulatory death in organ donation. D. The importance of piglet research in developing surgical techniques. C How an American Icon Helped Save Egypt’s Ancient Temples 【National Geographic (October, 2025)】 To secure its future, Egypt had made the hard decision to let go of its past. It was 1960, and construction had just begun on southern Egypt’s Aswan High Dam, which would generate hydroelectric power, provide more arable land, and control the food-prone Nile River. But for all the good a dam would do, it was also going to be disastrous for the area’s archaeological wonders, including the majestic twin temples of Abu Simbel. To save Abu Simbel, an international consortium of conservationists launched an unprecedented rescue mission. The plan was to cut the entire complex out of the mountain by meticulously deconstructing more than a thousand pieces in total and then transporting and reassembling them on higher ground. In order to succeed, it would require unheard-of orchestration between the UNESCO and thousands of archaeologists, architects, and Egyptologists from dozens of countries. But with a cost equivalent to $400 million today, the entire undertaking seemed far too expensive to pull off—until an unlikely diplomat intervened with a bold vision. Half a world away, future First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy had been closely monitoring the fate of Abu Simbel. After John F. Kennedy became president in 1961, Jacqueline got to work convincing her husband why it would be advantageous for the United States to get involved through official channels. She crafted a carefully composed memo likening the loss of Abu Simbel to“letting the Parthenon be fooded,” underscoring the research possibilities of the temples and how important they were to the whole of Africa, a region with which JFK was trying to strengthen diplomatic ties during the Cold War. She also successfully convinced Republican Congressman John Rooney of the Appropriations Committee, who was always against giving money to foreigners and the U.S. government announced its intention to cover up to one-third of the cost. The rest would be financed by Egypt and UNESCO. Of course, she wasn’t the first woman in the White House to use soft diplomacy for influencing matters beyond traditional lines of negotiation. But prior to Jacqueline, a first lady’s diplomatic duties almost always took the form of trips abroad or hosting dignitaries at the White House. “She created the blueprint for the way in which first ladies use different kinds of communication tools,”says Elizabeth J. Natalle, author of Jacqueline Kennedy and the Architecture of First Lady Diplomacy, who adds that now “first ladies can actually influence policy.” Thanks in part to Jacqueline Kennedy’s powerful private lobbying, Ramses II and the rest of the Abu Simbel statues reign safely again in southern Egypt, ready to survive another 3,000 years. In honor of the support fostered by the first lady, Egypt offered the U.S. the smaller temple of Dendur, a first-century B.C. shrine also saved from the Aswan High Dam, which is now on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Today Jacqueline’s preservation efforts in the U.S.—from the White House to New York’s Grand Central terminal—are widely lauded, but her contributions in Egypt have been largely overlooked. However, her daughter, Caroline, once remarked that her mother “felt that of equal importance to her White House restoration were her far less well known efforts as first lady to save Abu Simbel.” 1. What does the underlined word“orchestration”in paragraph one probably mean? A. Financial management B. Musical performance C. Careful organization and coordination D. Artistic design 2. Why did Jacqueline mention the Parthenon in her memo? A. To compare Abu Simbel’s artistic value with that of the Parthenon. B. To emphasize the tragedy of losing Abu Simbel by using a familiar Western reference. C. To suggest that the Parthenon was also under threat of flooding. D. To show that Greece also needed international aid for heritage preservation. 3. How does Elizabeth J. Natalle think of Jacqueline’s soft diplomacy for influencing matters? A. She believes it was no different from previous first ladies’ approaches. B. She considers it a model for later first ladies to influence policy in new ways. C. She thinks it was less effective than traditional diplomatic trips. D. She feels it was too focused on domestic issues. 4. What can be implied from Caroline’s comments in the last paragraph? A. Jacqueline Kennedy valued her work in Egypt as much as her well-known U.S. projects. B. Jacqueline Kennedy thought saving Abu Simbel was more important than restoring the White House. C. Caroline believed her mother’s efforts in Egypt received more recognition than those in the U.S. D. Caroline wished the public would forget about her mother’s role in the White House restoration. BCBB BBCB CBBA 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $