上海市嘉定区2025-2026学年高三上学期一模英语试卷

2026届嘉定高三英语一模试卷详解 一、Grammar and Vocabulary（语法与词汇，共 20 分） Section A 语法填空（1-10 题，每空 1 分） 答案：1.those 2.recommended 3.can/could/might/may 4.though/although 5.that 6.maintaining 7.where 8.to track 9.were reported 10.between 解析： 1. those（代词指代） · 考点：代词指代前文复数名词（people），避免重复。 · 解析：前文提到 “Japanese people sleep significantly less than”，此处用 “those” 指代 “people”，对应 “美国、加拿大和欧洲的人们”，符合 “不同国家人群睡眠时长对比” 的语境。 2. recommended（过去分词作定语） 1. 考点：非谓语动词（过去分词表 “被推荐的”）。 1. 解析：“the recommended eight hours”（被推荐的 8 小时睡眠），“recommended” 修饰 “eight hours”，体现 “普遍认可的睡眠时长标准”。 3. can/could/might/may（情态动词表推测） 1. 考点：情态动词的语义辨析（表 “可能”）。 1. 解析：前文提出 “日本人心血管疾病和癌症发病率低” 的谜题，此处用情态动词表 “可能是饮食文化导致”，体现推测的不确定性，符合 “尚未完全证实” 的逻辑。 4. though/although（让步状语从句连词） 1. 考点：逻辑关系（转折让步）。 1. 解析：“日本人睡眠更少却更健康”，前后存在转折关系，“though/although” 引导让步状语从句，表 “尽管”，符合语境。 5. that（宾语从句引导词） 1. 考点：并列宾语从句（that 不可省略）。 1. 解析：“believe” 后接两个并列宾语从句，第一个从句 “that sleep is a luxury” 中 that 可省，第二个从句 “that sacrificing sleep is vital” 中 that 不可省，保证句子结构完整。 6. maintaining（动名词作宾语） 1. 考点：固定搭配 “be essential for doing sth.”（对做某事至关重要）。 1. 解析：“for” 为介词，后接动名词 “maintaining”，表 “维持健康”，符合 “北美文化中 8 小时睡眠对健康至关重要” 的表述。 7. where（定语从句引导词） 1. 考点：定语从句（先行词 “study” 表 “研究”，从句缺地点状语）。 1. 解析：“a specific study... where researchers compared 295 university students”（一项研究中，研究者对比了 295 名大学生），“where” 相当于 “in which”，在从句中作地点状语。 8. to track（不定式作目的状语） 1. 考点：非谓语动词（不定式表 “佩戴手表的目的”）。 1. 解析：“Participants wore watches to track their actual sleep”（参与者佩戴手表以追踪实际睡眠时长），不定式 “to track” 明确佩戴手表的目的，逻辑清晰。 9. were reported（一般过去时被动语态） 1. 考点：被动语态（主语 “symptoms” 与 “report” 为被动关系）。 1. 解析：“fewer physical health symptoms were reported”（更少的健康症状被报告），结合全文时态（一般过去时），用被动语态体现 “数据被收集报告” 的客观事实。 10. between（介词，表 “两者之间”） 1. 考点：固定搭配 “the relationship between A and B”（A 与 B 之间的关系）。 1. 解析：“the relationship between how long you sleep and your health”（睡眠时长与健康之间的关系），符合 “两者关联” 的表达逻辑。 Section B 选词填空（11-20 题，每空 1 分） 答案：11.D 12.I 13.B 14.H 15.C 16.A 17.E 18.K 19.G 20.F 解析（选项：A.analysing B.broader C.consistently D.extends E.launch F.mature G.narrowing H.power I.shifts J.simply K.warns）： 11. D. extends（延伸；扩大） 1. 语境：前文 “impact learning, writing, and work”，后文 “to unconscious speech patterns”，体现 “影响从学习工作延伸到无意识语言模式”，“extend to” 为固定搭配，表 “延伸到”。 12. I. shifts（变化；转变） 1. 语境：后文 “increased use of ‘delve’ instead of ‘look for’”（用 “delve” 替代 “look for”），体现 “词汇选择的变化”，“shifts” 表 “转变”，符合语境。 13. B. broader（更广泛的） 1. 语境：前文研究 “written communication”，后文拓展到 “spoken communication”，体现 “研究范围更广泛”，“broader” 修饰 “spoken communication”，符合 “从书面到口语的拓展” 逻辑。 14. H. power（驱动；赋能） 1. 语境：“large language models (LLMs), such as those that power ChatGPT”（驱动 ChatGPT 的大型语言模型），“power” 表 “为…… 提供动力、驱动”，符合 “技术赋能” 的表述。 15. C. consistently（持续地；一贯地） 1. 语境：“identified words the AI consistently added”（识别出 AI 持续添加的词汇），“consistently” 体现 “AI 频繁、一贯使用的词汇”，为后文 “GPT words” 定义铺垫。 16. A. analysing（分析） 1. 语境：“tracked GPT word frequency by analysing over 360,000 YouTube videos”（通过分析视频和播客追踪词汇频率），“by” 后接动名词 “analysing”，表 “通过分析数据” 的研究方法。 17. E. launch（推出；发布） 1. 语境：“after the launch of ChatGPT”（ChatGPT 发布后的 18 个月内），“launch” 表 “产品发布”，对应前文 “late 2022 launch”，时态一致。 18. K. warns（警告） 1. 语境：“While adopting AI speech patterns might seem harmless, Brinkmann warns of deeper risks”（尽管看似无害，但 Brinkmann 警告存在深层风险），“warns of” 为固定搭配，表 “警告…… 风险”，体现转折后的担忧。 19. G. narrowing（缩小） 1. 语境：“imitate AI, narrowing diversity in language”（模仿 AI 会缩小语言多样性），“narrowing” 表 “减少、缩小”，符合 “语言同质化” 的风险描述。 20. F. mature（成熟） 1. 语境：“As the models mature, these distributions are going to be harder to distinguish”（随着模型成熟，语言分布差异将更难区分），“mature” 表 “技术模型发展成熟”，符合 “AI 对语言影响加深” 的逻辑。 二、Reading Comprehension（阅读理解，共 45 分） Section A 完形填空（21-35 题，每空 1 分） 答案：21.C 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.D 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.B 35.D 解析： 21. C. payment（支付） 1. 语境：前文 “background spending”（隐性消费）和 “automatic monthly”（自动月度），对应 “月度订阅支付”，“payment” 表 “支付款项”，符合 “订阅服务自动扣费” 的场景。 22. A. passive（被动的） 1. 语境：“damaging our financial control”（失去财务控制），说明消费者 “被动订阅、忘记取消”，“passive” 表 “被动的”，贴合 “被订阅服务主导” 的状态。 23. B. rarely（很少） 1. 语境：“like paying for TV apps long after watching just one show”（看了一集就一直付费），说明 “很少使用却持续订阅”，“rarely” 表 “很少”，符合 “遗忘性订阅” 的特征。 24. C. are open to（利用；接受） 1. 语境：“forgotten cancellations can boost a business’ profit”（遗忘取消能提升企业利润），说明企业 “利用消费者的疏忽”，“are open to” 此处表 “利用机会”，符合商业逻辑。 25. A. increase（增加） 1. 语境：“$273 monthly on subscriptions, a 15% increase from 2018”（月均订阅支出 273 美元，比 2018 年增长 15%），“increase” 表 “增长”，符合数据对比语境。 26. C. attractive（有吸引力的） 1. 语境：“sell once, earn forever”（一次销售，永久盈利），说明订阅模式对企业 “有吸引力”，“attractive” 表 “有吸引力的”，符合 “企业青睐订阅模式” 的描述。 27. D. access（获取；使用机会） 1. 语境：“fueled by the popularity of smartphones”（受智能手机普及推动），说明消费者 “更容易获取订阅服务”，“access to consumers” 表 “消费者获取渠道”，符合 “订阅服务普及” 的逻辑。 28. C. ease（便利） 1. 语境：前文 “should have reduced life’s inconvenience”（本应减少生活不便），对应订阅服务承诺的 “便利”，“ease” 表 “便利、舒适”，符合 “服务宣传卖点”。 29. A. overpay（多付费） 1. 语境：“nearly half feel they overpay for streaming video”（近一半人觉得流媒体视频付费过高），“overpay” 表 “多付、付费过高”，符合 “消费者不满” 的情绪。 30. D. However（然而） 1. 语境：前文 “planning to cut the expense”（计划削减支出），后文 “vastly underestimate their spending”（大幅低估支出），存在转折关系，“However” 表 “然而”，逻辑衔接自然。 31. B. control（控制） 1. 语境：前文 “damaging our financial control”（失去财务控制），此处 “regain control”（重新获得控制），前后呼应，符合 “FTC 政策帮助消费者掌控财务” 的目的。 32. B. ending（终止） 1. 语境：“make ending a subscription as easy as starting one”（取消订阅与开通一样简单），“ending” 与 “starting” 对应，符合 “点击取消” 政策的核心要求。 33. A. automatically（自动地） 1. 语境：“remind subscribers annually before these are automatically renewed”（自动续费前年度提醒），“automatically renewed” 表 “自动续费”，对应前文 “automatic monthly payment”，保持一致。 34. B. monitor（监控） 1. 语境：“choose an app to monitor your various subscriptions”（选一款应用监控所有订阅），“monitor” 表 “监控、跟踪”，符合 “掌控隐性消费” 的需求。 35. D. chargeable（收费的） 1. 语境：“Oh, wait a minute! I have to remind you that they are chargeable services”（提醒你这些应用是收费的），转折体现 “监控订阅的应用本身也是隐性消费”，“chargeable” 表 “收费的”，制造幽默且贴合主题。 Section B 阅读理解（36-46 题，每题 2 分） Passage A（洞穴救援狗，36-39 题） 答案：36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 36. C. realizing BuzzMan was trapped in the cave（意识到 BuzzMan 被困在洞穴里） 1. 定位：原文 “used the GPS on the dog’s neck and located a narrow cave entrance, and BuzzMan’s fresh paw prints. Now, White grew concerned”（通过 GPS 发现洞穴入口和狗的爪印，意识到狗被困），直接对应选项 C；A（狗未归来，初期不担心）、B（爪印在房子周围，原文是洞穴入口）、D（洞穴太窄无法进入，是救援难点，非担心的起点）均错误。 37. D. ④①⑤②③（④Nathan 和 Andy 进入洞穴→①Miles 因窄洞受阻→⑤四名洞穴救援者集结→②救援者在冷溪流中前进→③Kevin 发现 BuzzMan） 1. 定位：原文顺序为 “Bill 和 Miles 进入洞穴（④）→窄洞无法通过（①）→召集小型救援者（⑤）→穿过溪流（②）→Kevin 发现狗（③）”，与选项 D 一致。 38. B. narrow space and low temperature（狭窄空间和低温） 1. 定位：原文 “passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl”（通道狭窄需爬行）、“crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature”（冷水环境面临低温风险），对应选项 B；A（炎热干燥，与 “cold water” 矛盾）、C（照明故障，未提及）、D（缺乏人力和迷路，救援者充足且有头灯导航）均错误。 39. A. Cavemen to the Rescue（洞穴救援者出动） 1. 主旨：全文围绕 “洞穴救援者为救狗展开的行动”，核心是 “救援者的努力”；B（狗的惊险冒险，非核心）、C（英雄的勇敢旅程，未突出 “洞穴救援者” 身份）、D（洞穴隐藏危险，仅为救援背景）均不贴合主旨。 Passage B（自我关怀建议，40-42 题） 答案：40.C 41.B 42.A 40. C. To provide guidance on how to care for ourselves（提供自我关怀的指导） 1. 主旨：全文列出 “瑜伽休息术、散步、烹饪、社交” 四种自我关怀方式，含注意事项，核心是 “指导如何关爱自己”；A（介绍健康产品，未提及）、B（实现梦想的四阶段，仅开头提及梦想，非核心）、D（强调健康生活方式的重要性，是背景，非目的）均错误。 41. B. REST（休息） 1. 定位：Tip 1 描述 “Yoga Nidra, a guided lying-down meditation... yogic deep sleep”（瑜伽休息术，深度放松），核心是 “休息”，与 “WALK”“COOK”“CONNECT” 并列，均为自我关怀方式，故填 B。 42. A. Tip 1 and Tip 3（瑜伽休息术和烹饪） 1. 语境：John “tired out”（极度疲惫）、“hoping to enjoy his own personal life”（想享受私人时光）。Tip 1（20 分钟瑜伽休息术）适合疲惫时放松，Tip 3（烹饪）能让人专注过程、享受独处，符合需求；Tip 2（清晨散步，John 已疲惫，可能加重负担）、Tip 4（社交，John 需要独处，不愿深度交流）均不适合，故答案为 A。 Passage C（《天才神话》书评，43-46 题） 答案：43.B 44.C 45.A 46.B 43. B. some figures’ evil behaviors are excused by the word “genius”（一些人的恶劣行为被 “天才” 一词开脱） 1. 定位：原文 “the ‘genius’ label excuses immoral behaviours — alcoholism, abandonment, drug abuse”（“天才” 标签为酗酒、抛弃家人等不道德行为开脱），直接对应选项 B；A（毕加索无真正成就，原文否定）、C（天才通不过智商测试，未提及）、D（无事物值得 “天才” 标签，原文建议 “称作品为天才，而非人”）均错误。 44. C. Its criticism of the “genius myth” lacks evidence（对 “天才神话” 的批评缺乏证据） 1. 定位：原文 “these dislikes go without strong proof”“reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument”（批评缺乏有力证据，更像愤怒观点而非理性论证），对应选项 C；A（写作风格吸引人、真诚，原文 “awkward rather than genuine”）、B（“弱天才模型” 是创新术语，原文 “dress up a long-known obvious point”）、D（未解释人们热爱天才的根源，非作者核心观点）均错误。 45. A. Lewis is criticizing an idea that is no longer influential（Lewis 在批评一个已不再有影响力的观点） 1. 定位：前文 “true faith in innate genius has been weaker since the 1960s”（1960 年代后对天生天才的信仰已减弱），“jumps on a train that is already slowing”（跳上一列已减速的火车）比喻 “批评一个影响力下降的观点”，对应选项 A。 46. B. Lewis criticism of “the genius myth” is unconvincing（Lewis 对 “天才神话” 的批评缺乏说服力） 1. 主旨：全文围绕书评展开，指出书中 “缺乏证据、风格生硬、不尊重复杂艺术” 等缺陷，核心是 “批评缺乏说服力”；A（社会崇拜天才危险，是 Lewis 的观点，非作者主旨）、C（公众应批判性看待天才，未提及）、D（应赞美作品而非人，是 Lewis 的建议，作者质疑）均错误。 Section C 七选五（47-50 题，每题 2 分） 答案：47.E 48.A 49.B 50.D 解析： 47. E. To make things worse, forecasting heat domes is hard—a big worry as the world gets warmer（更糟的是，热穹顶预测难度大 —— 这在全球变暖背景下令人担忧） 1. 衔接：前文描述热穹顶的危害（美国、欧洲、中国受影响），E 句引出 “预测困难” 的核心问题，与后文 “heat domes have a much shorter lead time and are more complex”（预测周期短、更复杂）呼应，逻辑连贯。 48. A. This traps more heat and makes the high pressure stronger（这会困住更多热量，增强高压） 1. 衔接：前文 “a large high-pressure system sits over an area, heating it with still air and unstopping sunlight”（高压系统导致静止空气和持续阳光加热），A 句解释 “高压增强的原因”，承接前文，且 “this” 指代前文加热过程，衔接自然。 49. B. The result: heat domes can’t be driven away and thus stay longer over certain areas（结果：热穹顶无法被驱散，在特定区域停留更久） 1. 衔接：前文 “Arctic warming weakens the jet stream — a strong wind that keeps weather moving”（北极变暖削弱急流，急流负责推动天气变化），B 句说明 “急流减弱的结果”，即热穹顶停留更久，符合 “因果逻辑”。 50. D. Scientists are opening their toolboxes to try and figure out where and when heat domes will strike（科学家们正拿出工具，试图弄清热穹顶将在何时何地出现） 1. 衔接：前文 “better forecasts and earlier warnings are needed”（需要更好的预测和预警），D 句承接 “科学家采取的预测措施”，后文 “Measuring how fast the jet stream moves”“rely on measures like soil moisture” 是对 D 句 “工具” 的具体说明，形成 “需求 - 行动 - 具体方法” 的逻辑链。 三、Summary Writing（概要写作，10 分） 参考答案： 51. Three books explore isolation from different angles. "All the Lonely People" shows loneliness involves complex emotional pain through personal stories. "Solitude" highlights voluntary isolation’s benefits with solid evidence. "The Success of Slippers" criticizes modern isolation, arguing technology can’t replace real human connection.（56 词） 解析： 1. 核心要点： 1. ① 总述：三本书从不同角度探讨孤独 / 独处； 1. ② 《All the Lonely People》：通过个人故事，说明孤独是复杂的情感痛苦； 1. ③ 《Solitude》：基于实证，强调自愿独处的益处； 1. ④ 《The Success of Slippers》：批评现代社会的孤独，认为技术无法替代真实人际连接。 2. 评分依据： 1. 涵盖全部核心要点，逻辑紧凑；无原文摘抄，语言简洁，符合 “不超过 60 词” 要求，对应 A 档 5 分。 四、Translation（翻译，共 15 分） 52. 一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。（emerge） · 答案：In the neighborhoods of Shanghai, small art galleries are quietly emerging. · 解析： 2. 考点：“emerge”（vi. 兴起、出现）的用法，现在进行时表 “正在兴起”； 2. 细节：“一个个” 用 “small art galleries” 复数体现，“社区中” 译为 “in the neighborhoods”，“悄然” 用 “quietly” 修饰，符合语境。 53. 每天多喝一瓶含糖饮料，心脏病的风险可能增加三成。（may） · 答案：Drinking one additional bottle of sugary drink every day may increase the risk of heart disease by 30%. · 解析： 2. 考点：“may” 表 “可能”，动名词短语 “Drinking...” 作主语，“increase by + 百分比”（增加…… 比例）； 2. 细节：“多喝一瓶” 译为 “one additional bottle”，“含糖饮料” 译为 “sugary drink”，“三成” 译为 “30%”，语义准确。 54. 汉字并非简单的符号，而是图像的组合，能让读者联想到自然万物。（Instead of） · 答案：Instead of being simple symbols, Chinese characters are a combination of images, which can make readers think of everything in nature. · 解析： 2. 考点：“Instead of + 名词 / 动名词”（并非……），非限制性定语从句 “which” 指代前文 “汉字是图像组合”； 2. 细节：“简单的符号” 译为 “simple symbols”，“图像的组合” 译为 “a combination of images”，“联想到” 译为 “think of”，逻辑清晰。 55. 这座主题乐园中的 24 口钟均未显示正确时间，让游客感到时间停滞，因而沉醉于游览体验中。(so that) · 答案：None of the 24 clocks in the theme park displays the correct time, which makes tourists feel that time is standing still so that they fully immerse themselves in the visiting experience. · 解析： 2. 考点：“so that” 引导结果状语从句，非限制性定语从句 “which” 指代前文 “钟未显示正确时间”； 2. 细节：“均未显示” 译为 “None of... displays”，“时间停滞” 译为 “time is standing still”，“沉醉于” 译为 “fully immerse themselves in”，符合 “钟的设计让游客专注体验” 的逻辑。 五、Guided Writing（书面表达，25 分） 参考范文 Dear Xiao Ling,I’m sorry to hear you’re torn between the graduation trip and your grandparents’ 50th wedding anniversary. From my perspective, you should attend the anniversary, as it’s a once-in-a-lifetime event for your grandparents. The graduation trip is precious, but your grandparents will be overjoyed by your presence on their golden wedding. For the missed trip, you can ask classmates to record interesting moments and share photos/videos with you. After the anniversary, you can organize a small gathering with close friends to make up for it. This way, you won’t regret missing the family celebration, and you can still keep in touch with your classmates’ trip experiences. Hope my advice helps!Yours sincerely,Li Hua 解析： 1. 内容（10 分，A 档 9-10 分） 2. 2. 明确选择 “参加祖父母金婚庆典”，理由聚焦 “一生一次的家庭重要时刻”；弥补方案具体（记录行程、小型聚会），兼顾家庭与朋友，内容充实且贴合实际。 3. 语言（10 分，A 档 9-10 分） 4. 2. 语法正确，使用 “once-in-a-lifetime”“make up for”“keep in touch with” 等短语，定语从句、状语从句运用恰当；词汇准确，表达流畅自然。 5. 结构（5 分，A 档 4-5 分） 6. 2. 符合书信格式，正文分 “选择建议 - 理由 - 弥补方案” 三层，逻辑清晰，字数 145 词，符合要求。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (1) those (2) recommended (3) can/could/might/may (4) though/although (5) that (6) maintaining (7) where (8) to track (9) were reported (10) between Section B 11. D 12. I 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. A 17. E 18. K 19. G 20. F II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D Section B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. E 48. A 49. B 50. D III. Summary This passage introduces three books that explore isolation from different angles. “All the Lonely People” presents stories of lonely individuals, showing that loneliness involves complex emotional pain. “Solitude” highlights the benefits of voluntary isolation based on solid evidence. “The Success of Slippers” describes and criticizes isolation in modern societies, arguing that technology shouldn’t replace real human affection. (57 words) IV. Translation 52. In the neighborhoods of Shanghai, small art galleries are quietly emerging. 53. Drinking one additional bottle of sugary drink every day may increase the risk of heart disease by 30%. 54. Instead of being simple symbols, Chinese characters are a combination of images, which can make readers think of nature/everything in nature. 55. None of the 24 clocks in the theme park displays correct time, which enables tourists to feel that time is standing still so that they fully absorb themselves in the experience. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Do We Really Need 8 Hours of Sleep? Culture Matters People in different countries sleep varying amounts, and cultural beliefs about sleep play a significant role in its relationship to health. Studies have shown that Japanese people sleep significantly less than (1)________ in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Research has shown that Japanese people sleep 25 minutes less on average than Americans and 40 minutes less than Dutch people. Despite sleeping less than the (2)________ (recommend) eight hours, Japanese individuals generally have better health outcomes, living longer with lower rates of cancer and heart disease compared to North Americans. This creates a puzzle. One reason for this (3)________ be cultural dietary habits. Americans tend to consume more red meat and dairy, while the Japanese eat more fish, fruits, and vegetables. However, this alone doesn’t fully explain the health differences. Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier (4)________ they sleep less? In Japan, people tend to believe that sleep is a luxury, not a necessity, and (5)________ sacrificing sleep is vital for success. In North American culture, there is a strong, widespread belief that getting 8 hours of sleep is essential for (6)________(maintain) good health. A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7)________ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. Participants wore watches (8)________ (track) their actual sleep and answered questions about sleep beliefs and health. The results were clear: Japanese students averaged about 6 hours of sleep per night, significantly less than 7 hours among Canadian students. Interestingly, fewer physical health symptoms (9)________(report) among the Japanese students. Therefore, the relationship (10)________ how long you sleep and your health is not absolute. It seems to be significantly influenced by your cultural background and personal beliefs about sleep. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. analysing B. broader C. consistently D. extends E. launch F. mature G. narrowing H. power I. shifts J. simply K. warns Talking Like a Machine? Since its late 2022 launch, ChatGPT rapidly gained 100 million users, significantly impacting learning, writing, and work. Researchers now find its influence __11__ to unconscious speech patterns, secretly altering spoken language, with words frequently used by the AI becoming more common in everyday conversation. Hiromu Yakura, professor at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, first noticed personal vocabulary __12__, like increased use of “delve” instead of “look for” and “meticulous” rather than “careful”. In his recent study, he pushed investigation into __13__ spoken communication. Researchers had previously found that the use of large language models (LLMs), such as those that __14__ ChatGPT, was changing vocabulary choices in written communication, and Yakura and his colleagues wanted to know whether spoken communication was being affected, too. The researchers first used ChatGPT to edit massive numbers of emails, essays, and articles using prompts (指令语) like “polish” or “improve clarity”. They identified words the AI __15__ added and labelled them “GPT words”. The team then tracked GPT word frequency by __16__ over 360,000 YouTube videos and 771,000 podcast programs from before and after ChatGPT’s release. Results showed a significant increase in GPT words within 18 months after the __17__ of ChatGPT. These words affect not just written content but also real-time conversation. “The patterns that are stored in AI technology seem to be conveyed back to the human mind,” says study co-author Levin Brinkmann, also at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. While adopting AI speech patterns might seem harmless, Brinkmann __18__ of deeper risks. Humans naturally imitate languages that sound knowledgeable. As more people view AI as a cultural authority, they may rely on and imitate it, __19__ diversity in language. “In this critical moment in the evolution of LLMs, looking at word distribution is the right method to understand how the technology is affecting the way we communicate,” Brinkmann says. “As the models __20__, these distributions are going to be harder to distinguish.” III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Last month, I opened my banking app, I read through the statement, and I stopped cold: $9.99 for Apple TV+, $12.99 for a fitness app I quit using months ago, $14.99 for extra cloud storage… I suddenly realize how modern consumer life is increasingly dominated by “background spending” –– automatic monthly __21__ for numerous subscriptions of services which should have reduced life’s inconvenience. This spending model turns us into __22__ consumers, damaging our financial control. We easily forget subscriptions we __23__ use, like paying for TV apps long after watching just one show. Companies __24__ this consumer inattention. It’s estimated that our forgotten cancellations can boost a business’ profit by up to 200%. Such environment encourages price rise, as service providers know customers are often too busy or lazy to cancel unused services. This problem is widespread. A 2021 survey of 2,500 consumers found the average person spends $273 monthly on subscriptions, a 15% __25__ from 2018. Yet not a single respondent knew their exact spending. Businesses find subscriptions highly __26__, and offer the promise of “sell once, earn forever” to encourage long-term customer loyalty. While these services have been around for decades, their __27__ to consumers has grown significantly in recent years, fueled by the popularity of smartphones and the increasing home delivery. Despite the promised __28__ of these subscriptions, dissatisfaction is growing. A recent study found 40% of consumers believe they have too many subscriptions, and nearly half feel they __29__ for streaming video, with a third actively planning to cut the expense. __30__, people still vastly underestimate their spending. Last year, C+R Research found the actual average monthly spend was $219, which was over 2.5 times higher than $86 that people guessed. To help consumers regain __31__, the US Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) has proposed a “click to cancel” policy. This would legally require companies to make __32__ a subscription as easy as starting one on the smartphone –– no more forcing gym members to cancel in person. Additionally, under this extra consumer protection, businesses would need to remind subscribers annually about their membership before these are __33__ renewed. This rule would mean any background spending would be present in your mind at least for one moment a year. If all that doesn’t work, there is another idea: choose an app to __34__ your various subscriptions and background spending so you can better control your finances. Oh, wait a minute! I have to remind you that they are __35__ services, of course. 21. A. report B. project C. payment D. review 22. A. passive B. subjective C. optimistic D. loyal 23. A. properly B. rarely C. favourably D. individually 24. A. are concerned about B. are curious about C. are open to D. are objective to 25. A. increase B. decrease C. difference D. share 26. A. concerning B. valuable C. attractive D. competitive 27. A. response B. opportunity C. harm D. access 28. A. aspect B. curiosity C. ease D. prejudice 29. A. overpay B. renew C. upgrade D. subscribe 30. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Contrarily D. However 31. A. confidence B. control C. freedom D. strength 32. A. buying B. ending C. offering D. designing 33. A. automatically B. formally C. constantly D. completely 34. A. cancel B. monitor C. continue D. compete 35. A. excellent B. free C. essential D. chargeable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At first, Mike White was not worried when his five-year-old dog, BuzzMan, failed to return after a deer hunt. However, after several hours, he used the GPS on the dog’s neck and located a narrow cave entrance, and BuzzMan’s fresh paw (爪子) prints. Now, White grew concerned. Hunt organizer Long Ray contacted two experienced cavers — Nathan Bill and Andy Miles. They arrived hours later and widened the entrance. By 1:30 a.m., Sunday, ten hours after BuzzMan disappeared, they entered the cave. The passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl with only headlamp for light. After 30 meters, they eventually reached a tight crawl space. Miles, at 1.7 meters and 104 kilograms, is a strong man. No way could he fit through that hole. By 3:30 a.m., they returned. On Sunday afternoon, smaller volunteers were called in. At 5:00 p.m., four new cavers—two men and two women — entered the cave. They were experienced and loved everything about cave adventure except for one thing — cave flood. “If it rains,” Miles says, “The cave will kill people.” That night’s forecast: rain. The team made their way through the narrow space. On the other side of it was a stream. They had to crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature. An hour later, one of the men, Kevin Robin, found a large room. He scanned the floor with his headlamp and then up the 4-meter-high walls. And there was BuzzMan, standing on a narrow edge and nervously staring at the stranger. Robin gently attached a belt, helped the dog down, and cast a light on him. BuzzMan immediately headed toward the entrance. At 9:30 p.m., 30 hours after disappearing, BuzzMan ran out of the cave and reunited with Mike White. The dog was cold and hungry but unharmed. All rescuers returned safely. In total, eight cavers answered the call and volunteered for the search. Miles laughs off all the praise. After all, going into dark, wet and tight spaces is their hobby. “What we consider fun,” he says, “often gives most people nightmares.” 36. Mike White began to feel worried when ______. A. finding BuzzMan did not return after the hunt B. seeing BuzzMan’s paw prints around the house C. realizing BuzzMan was trapped in the cave D. learning the cave was too narrow to enter 37. According to the passage, which of the following shows the correct order of the rescue? ① Miles was stopped due to a narrow hole. ② The rescuers advanced in the cold stream. ③ Kevin Robin discovered BuzzMan. ④ Nathan Bill and Andy Miles entered the cave. ⑤ A team of four cavers was gathered. A. ④⑤②①③ B. ⑤②①④③ C. ②④①⑤③ D. ④①⑤②③ 38. The challenges that the rescuers had to suffer include ______. A. heated and dried environment B. narrow space and low temperature C. dark environment and lighting failure D. lack of manpower and loss of direction 39. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. Cavemen to the Rescue B. A Dog’s Thrilling Adventure C. A Hero’s Brave Journey D. Hidden Dangers in the Cave (B) I have way more mental and physical energy to pursue my dreams when I’m calm and well rested. When I’m exhausted and tired out, I struggle through my day, attending to only the essentials. “Taking care of your body and mind –– by getting enough sleep, whole foods and movement –– sets a foundation in place,” says Dr Swart, “from which you have far greater ability and energy to build your bigger dreams and projects.” Tip 1 __41__: Try Yoga Nidra, a guided lying-down meditation (冥想), also known as ‘yogic deep sleep’, which eases you into complete mental and physical relaxation. For me, just 20 minutes in the middle of my day is a gamechanger, especially if I haven’t had enough sleep. There are lots of free practices online. My favourite is Richard Miller’s iRest, available on YouTube. CAUTION: While Yoga Nidra can be a great way to relax, it’s not ideal if you’re feeling physically uncomfortable, as the position may worsen your discomfort. Tip 2 WALK: Take a 35-minute walk, ideally before 8 am. Exposure to bright light first thing improves our mood and increases our energy, as does movement. This is especially important in winter, when lower light levels mean our bodies produce more melatonin (which makes us feel sleepier), as well as less serotonin, a mood-boosting chemical. CAUTION: Walking is not recommended if you’re dealing with an injury or are feeling extremely exhausted, as it might put additional stress on your body. Tip 3 COOK: Visit a farmers’ market and see what you’re drawn to –– perhaps the orange rounds of tomatoes, or the deep green leaves of kale (羽衣甘蓝). If you’re not sure what to cook with your purchases, follow your heart, or search online (or the recipes in your cookbooks) for ideas. As you cook, feel the process: it could be the feel of your knife cutting through potatoes, the smell of sausage, or the sight of dark-purple vegetables transformed into a red soup. CAUTION: Cooking is not the best option if you’re feeling rushed or distracted, as it might cause frustration instead of relaxation. Tip 4 CONNECT: Friendship is fundamental to our physical and mental wellbeing. Connect, via phone or in person, with those friends who are your supporters; the ones who believe in you and are cheering for you to realise your dreams. And dare to share these with them. CAUTION: If you’re emotionally drained or needing time to recharge, it might not be the best moment to have deep or demanding conversations. 40. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. To introduce some useful health products. B. To present four stages of achieving dreams. C. To provide guidance on how to care for ourselves. D. To highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle. 41. Which of the following words best fills in the blank of the passage? A. PRACTICE B. REST C. TRAVEL D. NURSE 42. John is a customer service manager of a shopping mall. For a whole day, he answered numerous phone calls and rushed to different spots in the mall to handle various emergencies and customer complaints. After a day of work, he felt tired out, hoping to enjoy his own personal life. Which two tips may work for John best? A. Tip 1 and Tip 3 B. Tip 1 and Tip 2 C. Tip 3 and Tip 4 D. Tip 2 and Tip 4 (C) The Genius Myth by Helen Lewis Review What makes a genius? We might say it’s a combination of extraordinary talent and drive, often accompanied by madness. Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso all made pioneering breakthroughs in their respective fields while living legendary lives. Helen Lewis’s The Genius Myth, however, argues that society wrongly admires figures like them. She claims the “genius” label excuses immoral behaviours — alcoholism, abandonment, drug abuse. But does her criticism really make sense? In her book, Lewis links the idea of innate (天生的) genius to the harmful history of intelligence testing. This field, started by figures like Francis Galton, is connected to racism. She criticises his later following thinkers, like Hans Eysenck and William Shockley, for their ignoring social factors affecting success for supporting racial rankings. For them, she suggests, “genius” becomes a cover on extreme or even evil thinking, a characteristic increasingly seen in some online fans. Her solution? Stop admiring individuals. Call specific works genius, not people. But I question whether the public really believes this “genius myth” as desperately as Lewis insists. Her sweeping statements about “our” blind love for “troublesome individuals” feel forced — like she’s projecting her own views onto everyone else. The book has significant drawbacks. Lewis essentially invents a term “weak model of genius” to dress up a long-known obvious point — imperfect people can be talented — as new insight. It feels like she’s selling a cure for a disease she invented. Besides, her attempts at a friendly, TED-Talk-inspired style feel awkward rather than genuine. The heavy use of italics (斜体字) makes the writing feel struggled, as if she is trying too hard to convince both readers and herself. More troubling is the disrespectful attitude towards complex art that surfaces in Lewis’s writing. Her rude view on Joyce’s literature (“what-if novels, but harder to read”), her dislike for pioneering films, and her confession of finding the Beatles music “boring” imply that her problem with “genius” might partly be a personal hate for difficult art and its creators. Worse still, these dislikes go without strong proof. Her unjust claim that Picasso is admired because of his imperfection, not despite them, reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument. While some online fans might admire some superstars uncritically, true faith in innate genius has been weaker since the 1960s. Lewis jumps on a train that is already slowing. 43. According to The Genius Myth, Helen Lewis would most likely agree that ________. A. people like Picasso have never made any real achievements B. some figures’ evil behaviors are excused by the word “genius” C. many so-called geniuses cannot pass intelligence testing D. nothing in this world is worth the genius label 44. What does the writer think of the Genius Myth? A. Its writing style is engaging, sincere and humble. B. “The weak model of genius” is an innovative term. C. Its criticism of the “genius myth” lacks evidence. D. It fails to explain the root cause of people’s passion for genius. 45. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply? A. Lewis is criticizing an idea that is no longer influential. B. Lewis’s book is thoughtful despite some drawbacks. C. Lewis’s criticism is fresh but faces the public’s resistance. D. Lewis is aware that the public’s faith in genius is declining. 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Society’s admiration for geniuses is dangerous. B. Lewis criticism of “the genius myth” is unconvincing. C. The public should hold a critical view on geniuses. D. Specific works instead of people should be admired. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. This traps more heat and makes the high pressure stronger. B. The result: heat domes can’t be driven away and thus stay longer over certain areas. C. However, predicting heat domes remains a significant challenge. D. Scientists are opening their toolboxes to try and figure out where and when heat domes will strike. E. To make things worse, forecasting heat domes is hard—a big worry as the world gets warmer. F. That influences heat domes in two ways. Deadly Heat Domes Still Confuse Forecasters Last month, record-high temperatures swept across the eastern US, leading to power emergencies. The cause was a huge high-pressure zone known as a heat dome. This summer, it also hit Europe and China, leading to the temporary closure of the Eiffel Tower and worries about dying rice crops. 47. __________ “Unlike larger-scale patterns such as El Niño, which can be forecast months in advance,” said Scott Handel, lead forecaster at the US Climate Prediction Center. “Heat domes have a much shorter lead time and are more complex.” Zach Zobel, a scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center, said “heat dome” is a term to describe dangerous heat waves for the public. It happens when a large high-pressure system sits over an area, heating it with still air and unstopping sunlight. 48. __________ Heat domes cause huge harm including wildfires, droughts, stressed crops, higher electricity demand and prices. They even cut airliners’ transport capacity and damage railroad tracks. The US EPA said over 14,000 Americans died directly from heat-related causes between 1979 and 2022. Climate change is making heat domes more common and stronger. The Arctic is warming faster than other parts of the world, which weakens the jet stream — a strong wind that keeps weather moving. 49. __________ Although scientists are still studying how this works, it is clear that better forecasts and earlier warnings are needed to protect people and reduce damage. 50. __________ Measuring how fast the jet stream moves can be a predictor. When the speed is low, it can be an indicator of widespread heat domes. Weather forecasters also rely on measures like soil moisture (湿度) since drier land means higher temperatures to put their heat forecast together. IV．Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. The Drawbacks—and Benefits—of Isolation Loneliness is increasingly seen as a serious problem in modern society, affecting both the elderly and many young people. Smartphones, social media, and remote work are often blamed for making individuals feel isolated. Three recent books explore the complex nature of being alone. “All the Lonely People” shares personal stories from individuals experiencing deep isolation. The author, Sam Carr, a psychologist, sensitively shows the emotional pain caused by loss of family members, disease, or difficult childhood experiences. After reading this book, one may wonder whether loneliness is just an unavoidable human experience. Actually, Carr suggests loneliness isn’t one simple feeling, but a mix of different unhappy emotions and unsatisfied needs. Another book, “Solitude”, written by two psychologists, shows a completely different story, exploring the rewards of time spent alone. It is common to treat loneliness and being alone as similar concepts, but they are not. Based on laboratory work, interviews and surveys, the authors argue that isolation offers valuable benefits, which allows people space to rest, think, and escape constant noise and distractions. However, the experience depends entirely on whether being alone is voluntary. Being forced to stay isolated, like prisoners, is usually miserable. “The Success of the Slippers” presents a more critical view of modern isolation. Mr Bruckner, a philosopher, calls the present period “a Great Withdrawal.” The book describes a society where most tasks can be completed without leaving house. The author’s comment? “While it’s nice to be comfortable, you can’t build a civilization on softness.” Mr Bruckner’s main theme is the need for people to relearn the art of affection. The author believes “interactive isolation” enabled by technology cannot replace “the great theatre of the world.” Mr Bruckner supplies a checklist for getting rid of enduring, painful feelings of loneliness: “Have we loved others enough, given others enough, held others enough?” Maybe it is time to try to answer these questions. V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。（emerge） 53. 每天多喝一瓶含糖饮料，心脏病的风险可能增加三成。（may） 54. 汉字并非简单的符号，而是图像的组合，能让读者联想到自然万物。（Instead of） 55. 这座主题乐园中的24口钟均未显示正确时间，让游客感到时间停滞，因而沉醉于游览体验中。(so that) VI. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你收到朋友小凌的来信（如下所示）。请写一封回信，给予她建议，帮助她解决当前的困惑。 To: LiHua@mq.edu.cn From: XiaoLing@mdschool.edu.cn Subject: An Urgent Trouble––Need Your Advice Dear Li Hua, I have a difficult decision to make. Our class graduation trip is on the same day as my grandparents’ 50th wedding anniversary celebration. The trip is our last class event. But missing my grandparents’ celebration would be a regret. I am torn between my friends and my family. I need your advice badly. Please tell me which one I should choose, and why? For the one I miss, how can I best make it up? Best, Xiao Ling 第10页 共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $