专题25 人与社会：人际交往与社会生活（综合训练）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题25 人与社会：人际交往与社会生活 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：75分） 核心话题：家庭生活、朋友相处、社区活动、礼仪文化、名人故事 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 话题 志愿服务 体裁 应用文 难度 得分 /6 Care for the old Do good to society in a meaningful way Improve your skills for taking care of people Learn to care for others Time: 8:00 a. m.-11:00 a. m. on Sat. 2:00 p. m.-5:00 p. m. on Sun. Place: Fuxing Nursing Home Requirements: No experience or skills, just an open heart with love & patience ***** To sign up, please send your name, telephone number and a self-introduction to fuxinghome@163.com. Let’s join hands to warm the hearts of the elder now 1．When is the volunteer work? A．At 8:00 a.m. on Sun. B．At 2:00 p.m. on Sun. C．At 11:00 a.m. on Sun. 2．What is required to be a volunteer according to the material? A．An open heart with love and patience. B．Rich working experience. C．A good-looking appearance. 3．Which of the following is true about the activity? A．We can learn skills of being confident. B．The activity may last 4 hours on weekends. C．It is a meaningful way to show love for the elder. B 话题 家庭生活 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 In some countries, many children do chores to get pocket money. They usually start to do this when they are ten years old. School students have to do homework and study for tests. They are busy all day at school. They don’t have much free time on weekdays. They often do chores on weekends. Young kids only do easy chores. So they don’t get much money. But that’s enough. Many of them only want to buy candies. And candies are cheap! They often help do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the rubbish or feed the pet cat or dog. When they get older, they want to buy more and more things. They want things that are more expensive than candies. So they have to work harder! They often help their parents wash the family car, cut grass, wash clothes, or cook meals. Some jobs are a good way for kids to learn new things. For example, they can learn how to use a washing machine, a lawnmower (割草机) or how to cook. Of course, their parents help them at first. 4． How do children get pocket money according to the passage? A．By getting good grades. B．By asking their parents for it. C．By doing chores. 5． Which picture shows how young kids first get pocket money? A． B． C． 6． What may a girl do if she wants to get more pocket money from her parents? A．Do the dishes. B．Feed the pet dog. C．Cut the grass. 7． What’s the best title for this passage? A．When to get pocket money B．How to get pocket money C．Who can get pocket money C 话题 家庭生活 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 Are your parents often angry with you? Or you always disagree with your parents. Maybe the relationships between you and your parents are terrible. It’s difficult to make your home a happy and healthy place. Actually, you can make a difference using the following keys. Respect It’s important to respect your parents and care about their feelings. Though you have disagreements, at least try to understand whatever they are trying to tell you. Communication You can communicate with your parents in a polite way. You may not get what you want, but explaining your thoughts calmly and rationally (理性地) may show your parents that you are no longer a kid, not just a kid. Trust How can your parents build trust in you? It depends on what you do. For example, if you get home late without calling first, next time your parents may not believe you. To earn their trust, you must pay attention to the ways you do things instead of fighting with them. It will make your life much easier. Taking time together Some teens find that sharing time together can build trust and communication. Your parents may be interested in going shopping, hanging out and playing cards with you. Spending time together will drive away the “black cloud” hanging over your home. Your parents give all their love to you. Why not try these ways actively to own a happy family as you want? 8． Which action shows respect for your parents? A．Don’t care their opinions. B．Understand their messages. C．Always argue with them. 9． What happens when you spend time with your parents? A．Trust and communication improve. B．Parents have more needs. C．Parents become more strict. 10． What do the underlined words “black cloud” mean in the passage? A．A real cloud in the sky. B．Bad feelings in the family. C．A kind of weather. 11． What is the main idea of the passage? A．Parents are always correct. B．The results of arguing with parents. C．Tips for better relationships with parents. D 话题 朋友相处 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 Have you ever wondered why some friendships feel as close as family? It turns out that genetics (遗传学) might have a hand in choosing your closest friends. According to a US study with 1,932 people, friends have a kinship coefficient (亲缘系数) that is 0.0014 higher than in strangers! The kinship coefficient is an easy way to see how two people are genetically close—the higher the number, the closer the relation. Don’t look down on this number. The kinship coefficient between parents and children is about 0.25. For first cousins, it’s about 0.0625, while for fourth cousins, it’s around only 0.001. This means you might share more genes (基因) with your best friend than with some distant (遥远的) relatives. The question is—why are people with a high level of kinship coefficient more likely to become friends? The research team found that many of the top one percent of similar genes are related to the sense of smell. This means that close friends may have a similar sense of smell. A study in Science Advances also showed that people who become close friends usually have similar body smells. Researchers collected sweat (汗液) samples from 20 pairs of friends. They all became close in a short time. Using an e-nose and human volunteers to study the smells, they found that friends’ body smells were more similar than those of strangers. As we can see, genetics really play a role in choosing your closest friends. So, next time when you hug your friends, you might notice that they smell a bit like you! 12．What can the kinship coefficient show? A．How many generations two people are genetically close. B．How much two friends have in common genetically. C．How close the genetic relation between two people is. 13． What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Best friends may share more genetic likeness than distant relatives. B．The kinship coefficient between two friends is 0.001. C．Best friends have a higher kinship coefficient than first cousins. 14． According to the passage, how do people become close friends? A．They like each other’s body smell. B．They grow at a similar pace. C．Their body smells are similar. 15． What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余选项。 话题 礼仪文化 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Different countries have different manners about social situations. In Mexico, people shake hands when they meet for the first time. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss. In Korea, people usually bow, Do you know Chinese fist and palm salute (拱手礼)? It is one of classic greeting manners in China. 16 The occasions of making fist and palm salute For centuries, China has been known as a “Liyi Zhibang”. Nowadays, Chinese usually shake hands when meeting others, but sometimes they also make fist and palm salute. 17 People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on. The history of fist and palm salute. 18 It started in the Western Zhou Dynasty. If people met strangers, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and hands were always ready for holding weapons (武器). Holding hands together pointed to themselves was a meaning of expressing kindness. Later it became one of traditional Chinese manners when meeting each other. 19 How do you make fist and palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. Then, if you are a man, right-hand half-fist, and then left-hand hold the right-hand in front of your chest. For a woman, left-hand half-fist, then right hand put on the top of the left hand. Next, watch each other, raise both hands to brow (额头) and bend down. 20 Also, you could say some lucky greeting words to each other for three times. A．Now let’s learn more about it. B．The way to make fist and palm salute. C．When and where do people use it? D．Finally, shake hands towards each other for three times. E．Fist and palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项 话题 朋友相处 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /15 Have you ever heard of the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi? Their friendship is a typical 21 of the ideal (理想的) Chinese friendship. Here is the story. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a great musician named Yu Boya. He played the musical instrument guqin very well. Unluckily, few people could 22 his music. One day, Boya went traveling by boat. On his way, he met with a big 23 and stopped the boat by the riverside. When the rain stopped, seeing the beautiful scenery, he was very 24 . So he took out his guqin and began to play. As he was throwing himself into playing music, he 25 noticed that somebody was listening to him by the riverside. Boya came out of the boat and saw a person 26 his music. That person was Zhong Ziqi. Boya invited him to his boat and played for him. He played one tune (曲子) that described the high mountain and another that described the running water. Zhong understood both of them and admired Boya for his musical 27 . Boya was very excited, and said, “Dear friend! Only you can understand my music!” They 28 that they would meet again in the same place the next year. The following year, Boya arrived on time, 29 he didn’t see Zhong. He visited the village where Zhong lived and heard that his friend had died of an illness. Yu felt very sad. He thought no one in the world could understand his music any more. He took out his qin and once again played the music of High Mountains and Flowing Water for his friend, and then broke his qin and never played it again. From then on, people use “High Mountains and Flowing Water” to describe valuable friendship between people. True friendship isn’t about who the people are, or 30 they’ve known each other. Instead, it is about people who can truly understand each other. 21．A．character B．part C．example 22．A．forget B．understand C．listen 23．A．rain B．ship C．fish 24．A．bored B．excited C．sad 25．A．suddenly B．luckily C．quietly 26．A．heard B．enjoying C．singing 27．A．rule B．talent C．journey 28．A．agreed B．doubted C．wondered 29．A．if B．so C．but 30．A．how long B．when C．what 第二节（共10小趣；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 话题 名人故事 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /10 Yang Zhenning (Chen-Ning Yang) passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025. He is regarded as one of 31 (outstanding) physicists of the 20th century. He was born in Hefei, Anhui, in 1922. He 32 (study) at the National Southwestern Associated University and earned a bachelor’s degree in physics in 1942. Later, to seek more knowledge, he went to the US to study 33 (far) and received his Ph.D．from the University of Chicago in 1948. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee proposed (提出) 34 new theory in physics. It was soon proved by experiments, and in 1957, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. They became the 35 (one) Chinese to receive this great honor. Yang also worked with Robert L.Mills. Together, they developed the Yang-Mills Theory, which is very important for modern physics. 36 Yang lived in the US for many years, he always loved his motherland. After retirement, he returned 37 China and taught at Tsinghua University in 2003. In 2015, he decided 38 (give) up his American citizenship and restored (恢复) his Chinese citizenship. Throughout his life, Yang made many 39 (achievement). His academic contributions 40 (influence) the global physics community greatly so far. When people talk about great physicists, he is always on the short list. His story teaches us that a love for science and one’s motherland can lead to true greatness. 第三部分 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 话题 礼仪文化 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Do you know how to eat politely in China? Today I will show you some table manners in China. Seating On arrival, you should first introduce yourself or let the host do the introduction. You should take a seat according to the host’s arrangement (安排). If the elder guest is not seated, other people are not supposed to be seated. Eating When eating a meal in China, you are expected to pay attention to table manners and have good dining habits. In order to avoid making mistakes, you are supposed to pay attention to the following points. Let older people eat first. Or if you hear an elder say “Let’s eat”, you can start to eat. You should not steal a march on (抢先) the elders. You should pick up your bowl with your five fingers. If you don’t pick up your bowl or eat facing your bowl, it will be regarded as bad table manners. It is not good manners to pick up too much food at a time. While eating, don’t make noises. It is best not to talk with others with your mouth full. If you need to talk, you should speak little and quietly. Considering Others When helping yourself to the dishes, you should take food first from the plates in front of you. It’s bad manners to use your chopsticks to burrow through (拨开) the food and “dig for treasure”. 41．How should we take a seat? 42．What are we expected to do when eating a meal in China? 43．How should we hold our bowls at the table? 44．What are we supposed to do if we need to talk while eating? 45．Where should we take food first? 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题25 人与社会：人际交往与社会生活 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：75分） 核心话题：家庭生活、朋友相处、社区活动、礼仪文化、名人故事 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 话题 志愿服务 体裁 应用文 难度 得分 /6 Care for the old Do good to society in a meaningful way Improve your skills for taking care of people Learn to care for others Time: 8:00 a. m.-11:00 a. m. on Sat. 2:00 p. m.-5:00 p. m. on Sun. Place: Fuxing Nursing Home Requirements: No experience or skills, just an open heart with love & patience ***** To sign up, please send your name, telephone number and a self-introduction to fuxinghome@163.com. Let’s join hands to warm the hearts of the elder now 1．When is the volunteer work? A．At 8:00 a.m. on Sun. B．At 2:00 p.m. on Sun. C．At 11:00 a.m. on Sun. 2．What is required to be a volunteer according to the material? A．An open heart with love and patience. B．Rich working experience. C．A good-looking appearance. 3．Which of the following is true about the activity? A．We can learn skills of being confident. B．The activity may last 4 hours on weekends. C．It is a meaningful way to show love for the elder. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是应用文，主要介绍了在福星养老院开展的“关爱老人”志愿活动的时间、地点、报名方式以及志愿者需要具备的条件等。 1．细节理解题。根据材料所示时间“2:00p. m.-5:00 p. m. on Sun.”可知，志愿者活动在星期天下午2点开始。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Requirements: No experience or skills, just an open heart with love &. patience”可知，应征者不需要任何经验或技能，只需充满爱心与耐心。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“Let’s join hands to warm the hearts of the elder now.”可知，该活动是以有意义的方式向老人传递关爱。故选C。 B 话题 家庭生活 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 In some countries, many children do chores to get pocket money. They usually start to do this when they are ten years old. School students have to do homework and study for tests. They are busy all day at school. They don’t have much free time on weekdays. They often do chores on weekends. Young kids only do easy chores. So they don’t get much money. But that’s enough. Many of them only want to buy candies. And candies are cheap! They often help do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the rubbish or feed the pet cat or dog. When they get older, they want to buy more and more things. They want things that are more expensive than candies. So they have to work harder! They often help their parents wash the family car, cut grass, wash clothes, or cook meals. Some jobs are a good way for kids to learn new things. For example, they can learn how to use a washing machine, a lawnmower (割草机) or how to cook. Of course, their parents help them at first. 4． How do children get pocket money according to the passage? A．By getting good grades. B．By asking their parents for it. C．By doing chores. 5． Which picture shows how young kids first get pocket money? A． B． C． 6． What may a girl do if she wants to get more pocket money from her parents? A．Do the dishes. B．Feed the pet dog. C．Cut the grass. 7． What’s the best title for this passage? A．When to get pocket money B．How to get pocket money C．Who can get pocket money 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了在一些国家，孩子们通过做家务来获取零花钱，以及不同年龄段孩子所做的家务和从中的收获。 4．细节理解题。根据“In some countries, many children do chores to get pocket money.”可知，孩子们通过做家务获取零花钱。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“Young kids only do easy chores...They often help do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the rubbish or feed the pet cat or dog.”可知，小孩子最初做的简单家务包括倒垃圾等，选项A的图片符合。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“When they get older, they want to buy more and more things...They often help their parents wash the family car, cut grass, washing clothes, or cook meals.”可知，想要更多零花钱可以做割草这类较难的家务，故选C。 7．最佳标题题。文章主要围绕孩子们如何通过做家务获取零花钱展开，“How to get pocket money”能概括主旨。故选B。 C 话题 家庭生活 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 Are your parents often angry with you? Or you always disagree with your parents. Maybe the relationships between you and your parents are terrible. It’s difficult to make your home a happy and healthy place. Actually, you can make a difference using the following keys. Respect It’s important to respect your parents and care about their feelings. Though you have disagreements, at least try to understand whatever they are trying to tell you. Communication You can communicate with your parents in a polite way. You may not get what you want, but explaining your thoughts calmly and rationally (理性地) may show your parents that you are no longer a kid, not just a kid. Trust How can your parents build trust in you? It depends on what you do. For example, if you get home late without calling first, next time your parents may not believe you. To earn their trust, you must pay attention to the ways you do things instead of fighting with them. It will make your life much easier. Taking time together Some teens find that sharing time together can build trust and communication. Your parents may be interested in going shopping, hanging out and playing cards with you. Spending time together will drive away the “black cloud” hanging over your home. Your parents give all their love to you. Why not try these ways actively to own a happy family as you want? 8． Which action shows respect for your parents? A．Don’t care their opinions. B．Understand their messages. C．Always argue with them. 9． What happens when you spend time with your parents? A．Trust and communication improve. B．Parents have more needs. C．Parents become more strict. 10． What do the underlined words “black cloud” mean in the passage? A．A real cloud in the sky. B．Bad feelings in the family. C．A kind of weather. 11． What is the main idea of the passage? A．Parents are always correct. B．The results of arguing with parents. C．Tips for better relationships with parents. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何改善与父母关系的四个关键方法：尊重、沟通、信任和共度时光。 8．细节理解题。根据“Respect…Though you have disagreements, at least try to understand whatever they are trying to tell you.”可知，理解父母的话是尊重的表现。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“Taking time together”以及“Some teens find that sharing time together can build trust and communication.”可知，共处能改善信任与沟通。故选A。 10．词句猜测题。根据“Are your parents often angry with you? Or you always disagree with your parents. Maybe the relationships between you and your parents are terrible.”以及“Some teens find that sharing time together can build trust and communication…Spending time together will drive away the ‘black cloud’ hanging over your home.”可推知，共度时光会驱散家庭中的负面情绪，所以划线部分比喻家庭中的负面情绪。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。根据“It’s difficult to make your home a happy and healthy place. Actually, you can make a difference using the following keys.”并通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何改善与父母关系一些方法，D项符合。故选C。 D 话题 朋友相处 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /8 Have you ever wondered why some friendships feel as close as family? It turns out that genetics (遗传学) might have a hand in choosing your closest friends. According to a US study with 1,932 people, friends have a kinship coefficient (亲缘系数) that is 0.0014 higher than in strangers! The kinship coefficient is an easy way to see how two people are genetically close—the higher the number, the closer the relation. Don’t look down on this number. The kinship coefficient between parents and children is about 0.25. For first cousins, it’s about 0.0625, while for fourth cousins, it’s around only 0.001. This means you might share more genes (基因) with your best friend than with some distant (遥远的) relatives. The question is—why are people with a high level of kinship coefficient more likely to become friends? The research team found that many of the top one percent of similar genes are related to the sense of smell. This means that close friends may have a similar sense of smell. A study in Science Advances also showed that people who become close friends usually have similar body smells. Researchers collected sweat (汗液) samples from 20 pairs of friends. They all became close in a short time. Using an e-nose and human volunteers to study the smells, they found that friends’ body smells were more similar than those of strangers. As we can see, genetics really play a role in choosing your closest friends. So, next time when you hug your friends, you might notice that they smell a bit like you! 12．What can the kinship coefficient show? A．How many generations two people are genetically close. B．How much two friends have in common genetically. C．How close the genetic relation between two people is. 13． What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Best friends may share more genetic likeness than distant relatives. B．The kinship coefficient between two friends is 0.001. C．Best friends have a higher kinship coefficient than first cousins. 14． According to the passage, how do people become close friends? A．They like each other’s body smell. B．They grow at a similar pace. C．Their body smells are similar. 15． What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章从基因角度解释了为什么亲密朋友之间可能比远亲更相似，并指出嗅觉相似性在友谊形成中起重要作用。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The kinship coefficient is an easy way to see how two people are genetically close-the higher the number, the closer the relation.”可知，亲属系数是一种简单的方法，可以看出两个人在基因上有多接近——数字越高，关系越密切。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This means you might share more genes (基因) with your best friend than with some distant (遥远的) relatives.”可知，最好的朋友可能比远亲有更多的遗传相似性。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The research team found that many of the top one percent of similar genes are related to the sense of smell. This means that close friends may have a similar sense of smell. A study in Science Advances also showed that people who become close friends usually have similar body smells.…Using an e-nose and human volunteers to study the smells, they found that friends’ body smells were more similar than those of strangers.”可知，亲密朋友的体味很相似。故选C。 15．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出友谊形成可能受基因影响的问题，第二段介绍一项关于友谊与亲缘系数的研究结果，第三段进一步解释亲缘系数友谊的关系，第四段和第五段从嗅觉和体味角度解释遗传相关为何促进交友，即D图与文章结构相符。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余选项。 话题 礼仪文化 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Different countries have different manners about social situations. In Mexico, people shake hands when they meet for the first time. In Brazil, people sometimes kiss. In Korea, people usually bow, Do you know Chinese fist and palm salute (拱手礼)? It is one of classic greeting manners in China. 16 The occasions of making fist and palm salute For centuries, China has been known as a “Liyi Zhibang”. Nowadays, Chinese usually shake hands when meeting others, but sometimes they also make fist and palm salute. 17 People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on. The history of fist and palm salute. 18 It started in the Western Zhou Dynasty. If people met strangers, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and hands were always ready for holding weapons (武器). Holding hands together pointed to themselves was a meaning of expressing kindness. Later it became one of traditional Chinese manners when meeting each other. 19 How do you make fist and palm salute properly? First, stand at attention. Then, if you are a man, right-hand half-fist, and then left-hand hold the right-hand in front of your chest. For a woman, left-hand half-fist, then right hand put on the top of the left hand. Next, watch each other, raise both hands to brow (额头) and bend down. 20 Also, you could say some lucky greeting words to each other for three times. A．Now let’s learn more about it. B．The way to make fist and palm salute. C．When and where do people use it? D．Finally, shake hands towards each other for three times. E．Fist and palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．E 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文围绕中国传统礼仪“拱手礼”展开，介绍了不同国家社交礼仪差异，引出中国拱手礼，接着从使用场合、历史、正确行礼方式等方面详细阐述，让读者了解拱手礼的相关知识。 16．根据“In Korea, people usually bow, Do you know Chinese fist and palm salute (拱手礼)? It is one of classic greeting manners in China.”可知，前文引出拱手礼是中国经典问候礼仪之一，后文开始从使用场合、历史等方面详细介绍；A选项“现在让我们更深入了解它”符合语境。故选A。 17．根据“People make fist and palm salute when they visit someone during the Spring Festival or attend someone’s wedding ceremony, birthday party and so on.”可知，在说拱手礼的使用时间和场合，选项C“人们在何时何地使用它？”符合语境。故选C。 18．根据“It started in the Western Zhou Dynasty.”可知，本段在介绍该礼仪的历史。选项E“拱手礼有超3000年历史”符合语境。故选E。 19．根据“How do you make fist and palm salute properly?”可知，本段讲述行礼方式，选项B“行拱手礼的方式”符合语境。故选B。 20．根据“First... Then... Next...”可知，前文通过顺序依次讲述行礼步骤，选项D“最后，互相拱手三次”符合语境。故选D。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项 话题 朋友相处 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /15 Have you ever heard of the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi? Their friendship is a typical 21 of the ideal (理想的) Chinese friendship. Here is the story. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a great musician named Yu Boya. He played the musical instrument guqin very well. Unluckily, few people could 22 his music. One day, Boya went traveling by boat. On his way, he met with a big 23 and stopped the boat by the riverside. When the rain stopped, seeing the beautiful scenery, he was very 24 . So he took out his guqin and began to play. As he was throwing himself into playing music, he 25 noticed that somebody was listening to him by the riverside. Boya came out of the boat and saw a person 26 his music. That person was Zhong Ziqi. Boya invited him to his boat and played for him. He played one tune (曲子) that described the high mountain and another that described the running water. Zhong understood both of them and admired Boya for his musical 27 . Boya was very excited, and said, “Dear friend! Only you can understand my music!” They 28 that they would meet again in the same place the next year. The following year, Boya arrived on time, 29 he didn’t see Zhong. He visited the village where Zhong lived and heard that his friend had died of an illness. Yu felt very sad. He thought no one in the world could understand his music any more. He took out his qin and once again played the music of High Mountains and Flowing Water for his friend, and then broke his qin and never played it again. From then on, people use “High Mountains and Flowing Water” to describe valuable friendship between people. True friendship isn’t about who the people are, or 30 they’ve known each other. Instead, it is about people who can truly understand each other. 21．A．character B．part C．example 22．A．forget B．understand C．listen 23．A．rain B．ship C．fish 24．A．bored B．excited C．sad 25．A．suddenly B．luckily C．quietly 26．A．heard B．enjoying C．singing 27．A．rule B．talent C．journey 28．A．agreed B．doubted C．wondered 29．A．if B．so C．but 30．A．how long B．when C．what 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述俞伯牙和钟子期的“高山流水”之交，展现理想的中国式友谊，即彼此能真正理解的珍贵情谊。 21．句意：他们的友谊是理想的中国友谊的一个典型例子。 character性格；part部分；example例子。根据“Their friendship is a typical...of the ideal (理想的) Chinese friendship.”可知，此处指俞伯牙和钟子期的友谊是理想友谊的典型例子，故选C。 22．句意：不幸的是，很少有人能理解他的音乐。 forget忘记；understand理解；listen听。根据后文“Only you can understand my music!”可知，此处是说很少人能理解他的音乐，故选B。 23．句意：在路上，他遇到了一场大雨，把船停在了河边。 rain雨；ship船；fish鱼。根据“When the rain stopped”可知，他遇到了大雨，故选A。 24．句意：雨停了，看到美丽的景色，他非常兴奋。 bored无聊的；excited兴奋的；sad悲伤的。根据“seeing the beautiful scenery”可知，看到美景应该是兴奋的，故选B。 25．句意：当他全神贯注地演奏音乐时，他突然注意到有人在河边听他演奏。 suddenly突然；luckily幸运地；quietly安静地。根据“As he was throwing himself into…noticed that …”可知，他全神贯注地演奏，应该是突然注意到，故选A。 26．句意：伯牙走出船，看到一个人在欣赏他的音乐。 heard听到；enjoying欣赏；singing唱歌。根据“somebody was listening to him”可知，是有人在欣赏他的音乐，“see sb. doing sth.”表示看到某人正在做某事，故选B。 27．句意：钟子期都听懂了，他钦佩伯牙的音乐天赋。 rule规则；talent天赋；journey旅程。根据“admired Boya for his musical...”可知，是钦佩他的音乐天赋，故选B。 28．句意：他们约定明年在同一个地方再见面。 agreed同意，约定；doubted怀疑；wondered想知道。根据“they would meet again in the same place the next year”可知，是约定明年再见面，故选A。 29．句意：第二年，伯牙准时到了，但他没有看到钟子期。 if如果；so所以； but但是。根据“Boya arrived on time”和“he didn’t see Zhong”可知，“伯牙准时到了”和“没有看到钟子期”之间是转折关系，故选C。 30．句意：真正的友谊不在于这个人是谁，或者他们认识多久。 how long多久；when什么时候；what什么。根据“...they’ve known each other”可知，此处指认识多久，故选A。 第二节（共10小趣；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 话题 名人故事 体裁 记叙文 难度 得分 /10 Yang Zhenning (Chen-Ning Yang) passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025. He is regarded as one of 31 (outstanding) physicists of the 20th century. He was born in Hefei, Anhui, in 1922. He 32 (study) at the National Southwestern Associated University and earned a bachelor’s degree in physics in 1942. Later, to seek more knowledge, he went to the US to study 33 (far) and received his Ph.D．from the University of Chicago in 1948. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee proposed (提出) 34 new theory in physics. It was soon proved by experiments, and in 1957, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. They became the 35 (one) Chinese to receive this great honor. Yang also worked with Robert L.Mills. Together, they developed the Yang-Mills Theory, which is very important for modern physics. 36 Yang lived in the US for many years, he always loved his motherland. After retirement, he returned 37 China and taught at Tsinghua University in 2003. In 2015, he decided 38 (give) up his American citizenship and restored (恢复) his Chinese citizenship. Throughout his life, Yang made many 39 (achievement). His academic contributions 40 (influence) the global physics community greatly so far. When people talk about great physicists, he is always on the short list. His story teaches us that a love for science and one’s motherland can lead to true greatness. 【答案】 31．the most outstanding 32．studied 33．further 34．a 35．first 36．Although/Though 37．to 38．to give 39．achievements 40．have influenced 【导语】本文主要介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的生平经历、学术成就与爱国事迹。 31．句意：他被认为是20世纪最杰出的物理学家之一。根据“He is regarded as one of...physicists of the 20th century.”可知，one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最……之一”，此处应用形容词最高级。故填the most outstanding。 32．句意：他曾就读于国立西南联合大学，并于1942年获得物理学学士学位。根据时间状语“in 1942”可知，本句为一般过去时态，应用动词过去式，study的过去式为studied。故填studied。 33．句意：后来，为了获取更多知识，他前往美国深造，并于1948年从芝加哥大学获得博士学位。根据“to seek more knowledge”可知，此处表示更深层次的学习，应用比较级，far表示程度的副词比较级为further。故填further。 34．句意：1956年，杨振宁与李政道共同提出了一项物理学新理论。根据“new theory”可知，其为可数名词，且以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。 35．句意：他们成为了首批获得这一崇高荣誉的中国人。根据“They became the...Chinese to receive this great honor.”可知，序数词前用定冠词the，表示顺序，此处表示第一批获得这一崇高荣誉的中国人，one的序数词为first。故填first。 36．句意：尽管杨振宁在美国生活了许多年，但他始终热爱自己的祖国。根据“...Yang lived in the US for many years, he always loved his motherland.”可知，杨振宁在美国生活多年与他始终热爱祖国为转折关系，需用表让步的连词连接，置于句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 37．句意：退休后，他回到了中国，并于2003年在清华大学任教。根据“he returned...China and taught at Tsinghua University in 2003.”可知，return to+sp.“返回某地”。故填to。 38．句意：2015年，他决定放弃美国国籍，恢复了中国国籍。根据“he decided...up his American citizenship”可知，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，此处应用动词不定式。故填to give。 39．句意：杨振宁一生取得了诸多成就。根据“many”可知，其后应用可数名词复数形式。故填achievements。 40．句意：到目前为止，他的学术贡献已对全球物理学界产生了深远的影响。根据“so far”可知，本句为现在完成时态，主语为复数，应用have。故填have influenced。 第三部分 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 话题 礼仪文化 体裁 说明文 难度 得分 /10 Do you know how to eat politely in China? Today I will show you some table manners in China. Seating On arrival, you should first introduce yourself or let the host do the introduction. You should take a seat according to the host’s arrangement (安排). If the elder guest is not seated, other people are not supposed to be seated. Eating When eating a meal in China, you are expected to pay attention to table manners and have good dining habits. In order to avoid making mistakes, you are supposed to pay attention to the following points. Let older people eat first. Or if you hear an elder say “Let’s eat”, you can start to eat. You should not steal a march on (抢先) the elders. You should pick up your bowl with your five fingers. If you don’t pick up your bowl or eat facing your bowl, it will be regarded as bad table manners. It is not good manners to pick up too much food at a time. While eating, don’t make noises. It is best not to talk with others with your mouth full. If you need to talk, you should speak little and quietly. Considering Others When helping yourself to the dishes, you should take food first from the plates in front of you. It’s bad manners to use your chopsticks to burrow through (拨开) the food and “dig for treasure”. 41．How should we take a seat? 42．What are we expected to do when eating a meal in China? 43．How should we hold our bowls at the table? 44．What are we supposed to do if we need to talk while eating? 45．Where should we take food first? 【答案】41．We should take a seat according to the host’s arrangement. 42．We are expected to pay attention to table manners and have good dining habits./To pay attention to table manners and have good dining habits. 43．We should pick up our bowl with our five fingers. 44．If we need to talk, we are supposed to speak little and quietly./To speak little and quietly. 45．We should take food first from the plates in front of us./From the plates in front of us. 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些在中国的餐桌礼仪，包括座位安排、用餐时的注意事项以及为他人考虑的用餐行为。 41．根据第二段中“You should take a seat according to the host’s arrangement (安排).”可知，我们应该按照主人的安排就座，故填We should take a seat according to the host’s arrangement. 42．根据第三段中“When eating a meal in China, you are expected to pay attention to table manners and have good dining habits.”可知，在中国吃饭时，你应该注意餐桌礼仪，养成良好的饮食习惯，故填We are expected to pay attention to table manners and have good dining habits./To pay attention to table manners and have good dining habits. 43．根据倒数第三段中“You should pick up your bowl with your five fingers.”可知，我们应该用五个手指拿起碗，故填We should pick up our bowl with our five fingers. 44．根据倒数第二段中“If you need to talk, you should speak little and quietly.”可知，如果需要说话，应该少说，轻声说，故填If we need to talk, we are supposed to speak little and quietly./To speak little and quietly. 45．根据最后一段中“When helping yourself to the dishes, you should take food first from the plates in front of you.”可知，我们应该先从面前的盘子里取食物，故填We should take food first from the plates in front of us./From the plates in front of us. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $