阅读理解60-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选60 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选 。文章主题：社会问题与社会现象 。文章类型：说明文 。核心概念：系统边界、多任务解决(multisolving) 材料剖析 ·第一段：引出系统边界概念并分析其双面性 ·第二段：提出突破系统边界的思路及”多任务解决”概念 。第三段：分析”多任务解决”未普及的原因及呼吁改变 阅读理解短文 Borders,departments,or issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system boundaries. System boundaries divide the big,messy,interconnected world into smaller subsystems.This is useful,even necessary.Our minds and our collective governance systems would be stuck if we had to always consider all the connections of everything to everything else.But dividing systems into subsystems can sometimes break a natural cooperativity.For instance,a decarbonizing country will spend money in its energy and transportation sectors and save money in its health system. Decarbonization could be a win for the whole,but it might be experienced as a bother for particular subsystems.Donella Meadows,the early systems modeler,wrote that system boundaries are "lines in the mind,not in the world."And that is actually good news.If departments,and disciplines are just ideas,then there is nothing immovable about them.We can make these borders less obvious and conduct partnerships across them.We can even redraw them to include more of what matters in a single project or investment.That's the premise of multisolving-using one investment of time or effort to achieve several goals at once.For instance,Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency of residential buildings and provided jobs in the building sector after a financial downturn.The project resulted in better health for residents,as well.That translated into health systems savings.Taken together,a 2011 study estimated that across all these benefits, the project saved $3.90 for every $1 invested. Multisolving seems possible everywhere and like an obvious choice.Yet,it is very much the exception,not the rule.Why is multisolving still so rare when it has the power to boost progress on some of the most urgent issues we face?Unfamiliarity stands in the way,as does an often- unexamined assumption that making issues smaller makes them easier to address.We often hear 2 the viewpoint,"I already work on poverty (or climate,etc.)and that's hard enough.Why should I add biodiversity or pollution to the mix?"Fundraising for crossing borders can be a struggle too. Funders want the "visible results"shown,but they don't always see crossing borders as an essential part of achieving those results.It is easy to devalue and underemphasize connection-building.After all,it can be delicate and not always visible.But to realize goals in today's world,from equitable policies and low-carbon facilities to values like cooperation and fairness,we do need deep shifts, and we need them soon.And facilitating the flow of ideas back and forth across borders is one way to speed change. 题目选项 1.As for systems boundaries,the author is A.critical B.puzzled C.supportive D.unconcerned 2.What does the word"premise"underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Prediction. B.Precondition. C.Prevention. D.Presentation. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A.People are familiar with multisolving. B.WUNZ performed multisolving successfully. C.Raising money helps to produce visible results. D.Multisolving is widely used to address problems 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.Multisolving:Hard to achieve soon B.Multisolving:Essential to solve small issues C.Multisolving:Conducting partnership across borders D.Multisolving:Making systems whole,healthy,and sustainable 核心词汇详解 1.multisolving 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：多目标解决；协同解决 指通过一项时间或精力投入同时实现多个目标的策略 例：the premise of multisolving（多目标解决的前提) 高频搭配 practice multisolving(实践多目标解决) multisolving approach(多目标解决方法) 3 2.boundaries 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：边界；界限；范围 可指物理或抽象概念的分界线 例：system boundaries（系统边界) 高频搭配 cross boundaries(跨越边界) set boundaries(设定界限) the boundaries of knowledge(知识的范围) 3.cooperativity 核心词性 名词（n,高频核心)：协同性；合作性 指系统内各部分相互协作的特性 例：break a natural cooperativity(破坏自然协同性) 词性转换 形容词：cooperative(合作的) 动词：cooperate(合作) 4.decarbonization 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：脱碳；去碳 指减少或消除碳排放的过程 例：decarbonization of energy sectors（能源部门的脱碳) 词性转换 动词：decarbonize(脱碳) 形容词：decarbonized(脱碳的) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34ABBD 1.A (critical) 考点：作者态度推断 语境逻辑：作者指出系统边界”有用甚至必要”，但同时强调其”可能打破自然的协同性”，并引 用Donella Meadows的观点说明边界是”头脑中的线，而非世界中的线”，最终提出需要”淡化 边界””促进跨界思想流动”。可见作者对系统边界的态度是批判性的，既承认其必要性，更指出 其局限性。 选项辨析：A.critical(批判的)；B.puzzled(困惑的)；C.supportive(支持的)；D.unconcerned (不关心的)。作者明确分析了边界的利弊并主张突破边界，因此A正确。 2.B (Precondition) 考点：词义猜测 语境逻辑：前文提到”我们可以淡化边界、开展跨界合作，甚至重新划定边界以纳入更多重要事 物”，后文引出”多任务解决”的定义一”一次投入时间或精力实现多个目标”。可见”重新划 4 定边界”是”多任务解决”的前提或基础。 选项辨析：A.Prediction(预测)；B.Precondition(前提)；C.Prevention(预防)：D.Presentation (展示)。”premise'”在此处指”多任务解决”的逻辑基础，即B选项。 3.B (WUNZ performed multisolving successfully.) 考点：细节理解 语境逻辑：第二段提到Warm Up New Zealand(WUNZ升级了住宅建筑的能源效率，在经济 衰退后提供了建筑行业的就业机会，还改善了居民健康，带来了医疗系统的节约，2011年研究 估计每投入1美元节省3.90美元”。这表明WUZ成功实践了多任务解决。 选项辨析：A.与第三段”Unfamiliarity stands in the way”矛盾；C.第三段提到”资助者想要 可见成果'，但不总是将跨界视为实现成果的必要部分”，并非”筹款有助于产生可见成果”；D. 第三段”it is very much the exception,.not the rule'”表明多任务解决很少见，D错误。只有B 正确。 4.D (Multisolving:Making systems whole,healthy,and sustainable) 考点：主旨大意 语境逻辑：文章开篇讨论系统边界的局限性，引出”多任务解决”的概念，通过WUZ案例说 明其优势，接着分析其未被广泛采用的原因，最后强调”跨界思想流动是加速变革的方式”。核 心是倡导通过多任务解决打破系统边界，实现整体、健康、可持续的目标。 选项辨析：A.”Hard to achieve soon”与结尾”需要快速转变”不符；B.”Essential to solve small issues”与”将问题变小更容易解决”的错误假设矛盾；C.”Conducting partnership across borders”是多任务解决的手段，非核心主旨：D.涵盖了”系统整体性(whole)、健康(healthy)、 可持续(sustainable)”,符合全文倡导通过多任务解决实现深层转变的主旨。