阅读理解58-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选58 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约370词) 核心知识点：记叙文、科学家传记、人生哲理 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·故事发展线索：初期通过绘画记录雪花晶体→尝试并成功拍摄雪花晶体→一生致力于 雪花等自然现象研究与记录→因热爱与奉献被铭记为”雪花本特利” ·感情发展线索：对雪花之美的热爱→拍摄过程中的坚持与探索→对研究事业的执着与 满足→因分享美好而获得的永恒认可+领悟主旨 阅读理解短文 If you have ever seen a snowflake design on jewelry or a bag,chances are it was based on one of Wilson Bentley's more than 5,000 photomicrographs of snow crystals().At first,though, Bentley did not have any way to share his enjoyment of the delicate hexagons ()other than to draw them.He spent hours outside or inside his unheated storeroom with a microscope.He would pick up a snow crystal and transfer it to a microscope slide.There,he flattened it with a bird feather.Then,holding his breath,he observed the crystal and hurried to draw what he saw before it turned forever into thin air. A few years later,Bentley began his pursuit to photograph a snow crystal.He attached a microscope to a camera.Time after time,his negatives appeared blank.The following winter,he finally figured out that too much light was reaching the camera.His solution was to place a metal plate with a tiny hole in the center beneath the stage of the microscope.It cut down the stray( light and allowed only the light waves carrying the image to reach the camera.On January 15,1885,at the age of 19,Bentley finally photographed a snowflake!He spent many hours over the next 45 years in his tiny darkroom developing negatives. Bentley lived his entire life on his childhood farm.He farmed for a living.To his friends and family,he was kind,gentle,and funny "Willie".But to scientists,he was the untrained researcher who became a snow crystal pioneer.He wrote for science journals.He not only photographed snow crystals but also became an authority on dew ()and frost.He kept a detailed daily log of local weather conditions throughout his life.He developed a method to measure the size of raindrops too. Bentley never made more than a few thousand dollars from his work.It had been a labor of love,and he was satisfied to be able to share the beauty of his snow crystals with the world.And today,he is remembered as Snowflake Bentley. 题目选项列表 1.Why did Bentley draw the snow crystals? A.To design products.B.To become an artist. C.To share his pleasure.D.To research the weather. 2.To photograph a snow crystal,Bentley_ A.improved the microscope B.changed the negatives C.turned down the light D.invented a camera 3.What do we know about Bentley? A.He lived a successful but boring life. B.He was laughed at for lack of training. C.He earned a lot of money from his photos. D.He was not only an artist but also a scientist. 4.What can we learn from this passage? A.Practice makes perfect. B.Intelligence is the key to success. C.Love and devotion makes a person D.Chances are for those who are prepared. 核心词汇详解 1.photomicrograph 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：核心含义是”显微照片”，指通过显微镜拍摄的微小 物体图像，文中特指雪花晶体的显微照片，无特殊高频搭配。 2.hexagon 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：核心含义是”六边形”，指有六条边和六个角的几何 图形，文中描述雪花晶体的形状，无特殊高频搭配。 3.delicate 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义一是”易碎的：脆弱的”，形容物体易 损坏；二是”精致的；精美的”，文中指雪花晶体的细腻形态；三是”微妙的； 敏感的”，例delicate balance(微妙的平衡)。 4.microscope 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是”显微镜”，用于观察微小物体的仪器，文 中指Bentley使用的观察雪花的工具，常用搭配microscope slide(显微镜载 玻片)。 5.negative 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：核心含义是”底片；负片”，摄影术语，指未冲洗的 胶片，文中指Bentley拍摄雪花时使用的感光底片，无特殊高频搭配。 6.stray 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义是”杂散的；迷路的”，文中指干扰成像 的杂散光线；作动词时含义为”迷路；偏离”，例stray from the path(偏离 路径)。 7.pioneer 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是”先驱；开拓者”，指在某领域开创先河 的人，文中指Bentley是雪花晶体研究的先驱；作动词时含义为”开创；倡 导”，例pioneer a new method(开创一种新方法)。 8.authority 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义一是”权威；专家”，指在某领域有专业知识 的人，文中指Bentley成为露水和霜冻研究的权威：二是”权力；当局”，例 local authority(地方当局)。 9.dew 核心词性 名词（.，高频核心)：核心含义是”露水”，指夜间空气中的水汽凝结在物 体表面的水珠，文中指Bentley研究的自然现象，无特殊高频搭配。 10.frost 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义是”霜”，指低温时水汽凝结成的白色晶体， 文中指Bentley研究的自然现象；作动词时含义为”结霜；冻坏”，例frost damage(霜冻灾害)。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：24-27CCDC 5 1.C (To share his pleasure.) 考点：细节理解题 语境：文中明确提到”At first,though,Bentley did not have any way to share his enjoyment of the delicate hexagons other than to draw them.”,说明他最初没有其他方式分享对雪花晶体的 喜爱，只能通过绘画。 辨析：A选项”设计产品”文中未提及：B选项”成为艺术家”无依据：C选项”分享他的乐趣” 与”share his enjoyment”直接对应；D选项”研究天气”是后来的行为，并非最初绘画的原因。 2.C (turned down the light) 考点：细节理解题 语境：文中提到"he finally figured out that too much light was reaching the camera.His solution was to place a metal plate with a tiny hole in the center beneath the stage of the microscope. It cut down the stray light..”,即他发现光线过多，解决方案是减少杂散光线。 辨析：A选项”改进显微镜”不准确，他只是在显微镜载物台下放置金属板，并非改进显微镜 本身；B选项”更换底片”文中未提及；C选项”调暗光线”与”cut down the stray light”意思 一致；D选项”发明相机”错误，他是将显微镜连接到相机，并非发明相机。 3.D (He was not only an artist but also a scientist.) 考点：推理判断题 语境：文中提到他拍摄雪花晶体（艺术层面），同时"wrote for science journals”became an authority on dew and frost""kept a detailed daily log of local weather conditions""developed a method to measure the size of raindrops”(科学研究层面)。 辨析：A选项”成功但无聊的生活”错误，文中说他生活在农场，工作是"labor of love'”,并非 无聊；B选项”因缺乏训练被嘲笑”文中未提及；C选项”从照片中赚了很多钱”与”never made more than a few thousand dollars'”不符；D选项”既是艺术家也是科学家”符合他在艺术和科 学领域的双重贡献。 4.C (Love and devotion makes a person.) 考点：主旨大意题 语境：全文围绕Bentley对雪花晶体的热爱展开，他将毕生精力投入其中，尽管收入微薄， 但”satisfied to be able to share the beauty”,最终被铭记为"Snowflake Bentley”。 辨析：A选项”熟能生巧”强调练习，文中未突出；B选项”智力是成功的关键”未体现；C选 项”热爱与奉献成就人”符合他因热爱而投入，最终被认可的主旨：D选项”机会留给有准备的 人”文中未强调机会因素，而是强调热爱和坚持。