阅读理解55-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选55 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约480词) 核心知识点：科学技术类说明文 。考查重点：推理判断、细节理解、主旨大意 材料剖析 。第一段：引出未来两大趋势（人口增长与气候变暖)+提出核心观点：为应对趋势需推动 科技进步，但需警惕技术风险（如A1难控） 。第二段：聚焦AI的潜在影响：AI将更具侵入性，数据应用利弊并存，重点指出互联网公 司掌握数据导致权力从政府向企业转移 ·第三段：转向A1在太空的潜力：人类或建立地外基地但无大规模移民，太空冒险者将推 动后人类时代，因其需改造自身适应环境 ·第四段：展望后人类演化可能：后人类若转为人工智能，无需地球环境，或在深空发展出 超人类智能，AI可能加速智能在宇宙的传播 。第五段：回归当下现实意义：强调本世纪人类掌控地球未来，既可能开启后人类演化，也 可能因灾难葬送潜力，需科学与价值观结合拯救自身 阅读理解短文 Scientists are poor forecasters of the future.But two trends can be confidently predicted. First,the world will get more crowded.There'll be more than 9 billion people by 2050.Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won't prioritise the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change,even though science offers us a roadmap to a low-carbon future.That's why we should be promoters of new technology-without it the world can't provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population.But we should also be cautious,as new technologies,such as Al,may be hard to control.AI will undoubtedly become more intrusive in the future.Records of our movements,health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons,such as protein folding and drug development,or to warn us of initial health risks,but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations. Actually,it's beyond Earth that AI has the most enormous potential.Humans may have established bases beyond Earth by the year 2100.But don't ever expect mass emigration() from Earth.It's a false belief that space offers an escape from our problems.Dealing with climate change on Earth is a piece of cake compared to terraforming Mars.Nevertheless,we should cheer 2 on these brave human space adventurers.They'll be ill-adapted to a Martian habitat,so they'll have a super motive to redesign themselves.It's they,not those of us adapted to life on Earth,who will pioneer the post-human era(时代). If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligences,they won't need an atmosphere of even gravity,so it's in deep space-not even on Mars that non biological "brains"may develop powers that we can't imagine.They may end up being mentally different from us.AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe.But let's re focus from the science fiction of the far future.closer to the here and now.This century is special.It's the first,in Earth's 4.5-billion-year history where one species-ours-holds the planet's future in its hands.Our intelligence could initiate billions of years of post-human evolution ()even more amazing than that which led to us.On the other hand, humans could cause biological.environmental or cyber catastrophes that foreclose all this potential. If science is to save us,we need to think globally,sensibly and long-term-empowered by science,but guided by values that science alone can't provide. 题目选项列表 1.Why does the author mention the two trends in the first paragraph? (a)To reply to governments'decisions. (b)To show scientists'prediction ability. (c)To present a call for scientific advances. (d)To highlight the challenges to scientists. 2.According to this passage,AI can (a)put an end to climate change (b)make mass human emigration possible (c)speed up the competition in medical fields (d)bring about potential threats from big companies 3.As for the future,what does the author agree with? (a)Post-humans will repeat the history of humans. (b)Complex intelligence will dominate the universe. (c)Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit outer space. (d)Non-biological brains may invite unforeseen disasters 4.Which would be the best title for the passage? (a)Could AI Save Us? (b)Will Science Lead Evolution? (c)Arc Space Adventurers Pioneers? (d)Is Complex Intelligence Coming? 3 核心词汇详解 1.terraforming 核心词性 动词(v.,超纲核心)：地球化；外星环境改造（将其他星球改造成类似地球 的可居住环境) 例：terraforming Mars（改造火星环境) 名词(，超纲延伸)：地球化改造工程：外星环境改造计划 例：the terraforming of other planets（其他行星的地球化改造) 词根解析 tera(土地)+forming(形成)→形成土地地球化改造 高频搭配 terraforming project(地球化改造项目)、terraforming technology(地球化 技术) 2.catastrophe 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：大灾难；灾祸（自然或人为的重大灾难） 例：environmental catastrophe（环境灾难) 名词(，延伸)：彻底失败（抽象意义，指计划、项目等的惨败） 例：The project ended in catastrophe..(该项目以彻底失败告终) 词性转换 形容词：catastrophic(灾难性的) 例：catastrophic con.sequences(灾难性后果) 高频搭配 natural catastrophe(自然灾害)、avoid catastrophe(避免灾难) 易混辨析 catastrophe vs disaster: 前者程度更深，指”毁灭性灾难” 3.emigration 核心词性 名词(，中频核心)：移民；移居外国（集体或个体离开原居地迁往他国的 行为) 例：mass emigration（大规模移民) 词性转换 动词：emigrate(移居国外) 例：emigrate to another country(移居到另一个国家) 高频搭配 emigration policy(移民政策)、emigration rate(移民率) 易混辨析 emigration vs immigration:前者”移出”，后者”移入” 例：Chinese emigration to the US（中国人移民美国) 4.intrusive 核心词性 形容词(adj,中频核心)：侵入的；打扰的：侵扰的 例：intrusive AI technology（侵入性的人工智能技术) 词性转换 动词：intrude(侵入；打扰)、名词：intrusion(侵入) 例：intrude on one's privacy（侵犯某人的隐私) 高频搭配 intrusive thoughts(侵入性想法)、intrusive advertising(侵扰性广告) 易混辨析 intrusive vs invasive:前者侧重”打扰”，后者侧重”侵入身体/生态” 5.sustainable 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：可持续的：不破坏环境的 例：sustainable energy(可持续能源) 形容词(adj,延伸)：能长期维持的：可持续发展的 例：sustainable development(可持续发展) 词性转换 动词：sustain(维持)、名词：sustainability(可持续性) 例：sustain economic growth(维持经济增长) 高频搭配 sustainable agriculture(可持续农业)、sustainable lifestyle(可持续生活方 式) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34CDCA 1.C (To present a call for scientific advances.) 考点：推理判断题 语境：第一段提到世界人口增长和气候变暖两大趋势，随后指出”without it[new technology]the world can't provide the food and sustainable energy needed”,强调新技术的必要性。 解析：作者提及趋势是为了引出对科技进步的需求，即”call for scientific advances”。A项”回应 政府决策”、B项”展示科学家预测能力”、D项”强调对科学家的挑战”均与原文逻辑不符，原 文重点是科技的必要性而非回应政府或评价科学家。 2.D (bring about potential threats from big companies.) 考点：细节理解题 语境：第二段提到"its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global--scale corporations”,说明AI数据被互联网公司掌握可能导致权力 失衡，带来潜在威胁。 解析：A项”终结气候变化”原文未提及；B项”实现大规模移民”与第二段”don't ever expect mass emigration”矛盾；C项”加速医疗竞争”原文无依据；D项符合”权力从政府转向跨国公 司”的潜在威胁描述。 3.C (Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit outer space. 5 考点：推理判断题 语境：第三段指出”non biological 'brains'may develop powers..in deep space一not even on Mars”,说明非生物智能可能在深空发展。 解析：A项”后人类重复人类历史”原文未提及；B项”复杂智能统治宇宙”是”could jump-start.… spreads through the universe”的推测，非作者确定观点；C项符合”non biological'brains..in deep space”的描述；D项”非生物大脑引发灾难”原文未提及，作者未强调灾难，而是可能性。 4.A (Could AI Save Us?) 考点：主旨大意题 语境：全文围绕科技（尤其是AI)的潜力与风险展开，首段强调科技必要性，中间讨论AI的 影响及未来可能性，结尾呼吁"science is to save us'”需结合科学与价值观。 解析：A项”AI能否拯救我们？”涵盖科技(AI)的必要性、潜力与风险，符合全文核心；B 项”科学会引领进化吗？”仅涉及末段部分内容：C项”太空冒险者是先锋吗？”偏离主线；D 项”复杂智能会到来吗？”是细节推测，非主旨。