阅读理解50-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选50 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解·阅读单选 。文章长度：约500词 ·文章类型：说明文 ·核心话题：社会问题与社会现象（数学自动化与人文价值） 。题目数量：3题(32-34题) 材料剖析 核心论点：探讨机器是否将取代数学家，以及数学自动化趋势下人文价值的存续问题 。论证结构：提出问题→分析现状→类比科学领域→得出结论 ·感情基调：担忧、反思、批判性思考 阅读理解短文 Pure mathematics fascinates me,precisely because it is so inaccessible.I envision it as a remote, chilly,dangerous place,like Antarctica's Sentinel Range.The hardy souls who surmount its peaks seem superhuman.Perhaps because I romanticize mathematicians,I'm troubled by the thought that machines might replace them.I stated this possibility in The Death of Proof,published in the October 1993 Scientific American.In response to the growing complexity of mathematics,I reported,mathematicians were becoming increasingly reliant on computers.I asked,"Will the great mathematicians of the next century be made of silicon(硅)？” Mathematicians are still annoyed about that article,even as the trends I described have con- tinued.Anthony Bordg at Cambridge University worries that his field could face a"replication crisis”(复制危机)like that troubling scientific research.Mathematicians,Bordg notes,sometimes accept a proof not because they have checked it,step by step,but because they trust the proof's methods and author.Given the "increasing difficulty in checking the correctness of mathematical arguments",old-fashioned peer review may no longer be sufficient.Outstanding mathematicians have published "proofs"so novel and elaborate that even specialists in the relevant mathematics can't validate them.Bordg suggests computerized "proof assistants"will help confirm proofs.Re- searchers have already invented an "interactive theorem prover(交互式定理证明程序)”that can check proofs and even propose improvements. Some mathematicians welcome the digitization of mathematics for accuracy.Others are con- flicted.Michael Harris sees mathematics as"a free,creative activity"pursued for its own sake, for the pure joy of discovery and insight.He worries such tools will encourage a "limited vision" 3 of mathematics as an economic product rather than "a way of being human".After all,many funders of mathematical research,including technology giants,value mathematics primarily for its applications. We value science for applications,too.Sentimental science writing,including mine,implies that science's purpose is insight into nature.In the modern era,however,science's primary goal is power.Science helps us control nature for various ends:to enrich and entertain,to boost economy, and to defeat enemies.Modern physics,to most of us,is incomprehensible,but who cares when physics gives us smartphones and hydrogen bombs？Physicists often adopt a utilitarian(实用主义 )mindset,exemplified by the slogan"Shut up and calculate!"That is what professors supposedly tell students stuck in quantum mechanics.Stephen Hawking and Martin Rees have predicted artificial intelligence will play an increasing role in physics.Wouldn't it be funny if a quantum AI finds the long-sought unified theory of physics,but not even brilliant theorist Edward Witten understands it? Given the powerful forces behind automatization,if machines can replace mathematicians, they probably will,just as they are replacing drivers,bank tellers,travel agents,cashiers and other workers.Mathematicians'wishes,such as their desire to pursue truth purely for its own sake, might be unlikely.The charm of math can hardly be preserved in face of the powerful forces behind automatization. 题目选项列表 32."Replication crisis'”is mentioned to】 (a)reduce a particular concern (b)justify the use of digital assistants (c)question the role of authority in math (d)highlight the potential threat of machines 33.Advocates of utilitarianism in science would probably agree that (a)insight into nature is a priority (b)automatization is a major trend (c)quantum AI remains a fantasy (d)power is an approach to digitization 34.What can be learned from this passage? (a)Utilitarian mindset pushes physics forward. (b)Quantum mechanics unifies theories of physics. (c)The humanity of mathematics is hard to maintain. (d)Leading mathematicians'proofs are beyond understanding. 4 核心词汇详解 1.fascinate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：深深吸引：迷住 例：The mystery story fascinated all the children..(这个神秘故事迷住了所 有孩子) 词性转换 形容词：fascinating(迷人的)、名词： fascination（迷恋) 例：a fascinating book(一本迷人的书) 高频搭配 be fascinated by/with(被…迷住)、have a fascination for(对…着迷) 2.inaccessible 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：难以达到的；不可进入的：难懂的 例：The remote mountain village is inaccessible in winter..(这个偏远山村 冬天无法进入) 词性转换 名词：inaccessibility(难以达到)、动词：access(进入) 高频搭配 inaccessible to sb.(对某人来说难以理解)、inaccessible area(禁区) 3.surmount 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：克服；解决（困难）；登上（顶峰） 例：She surmounted many difficulties to achieve her goal.(她克服了许多困 难以实现目标) 词性转换 形容词：surmountable(可克服的)、名词：surmounting（克服) 高频搭配 surmount obstacles(克服障碍)、surmount a peak(登上J顶峰) 4.replication 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：复制；复制品；（生物学）复制 例：the replication of DNA(DNA的复制) 词性转换 动词：replicate(复制)、形容词：replicable(可复制的) 高频搭配 replication crisis(复制危机)、data replication(数据复制) 5.elaborate 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：详尽的；复杂的；精心制作的 例：an elaborate plan(详尽的计划) 词性转换 动词：elaborate(详细阐述)、副词：elaborately(详尽地) 高频搭配 elaborate on(详细说明)、elaborate design(精心的设计) 5 6.validate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：证实；确认…有效：验证 例：The data validated our hypothesis.（数据证实了我们的假设) 词性转换 名词：validation(证实)、形容词：valid(有效的) 高频搭配 validate a theory(验证理论)、validate results(确认结果) 7.utilitarian 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：实用主义的：功利的：实用的 例：a utilitarian approach to problem-solving(解决问题的实用主义方法) 词性转换 名词：utilitarian(实用主义者)、utilitarianism(实用主义) 高频搭配 utilitarian value(实用价值)、utilitarian purpose(功利目的) 8.incomprehensible 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：难以理解的；难懂的 例：The theory is incomprehensible to most people..(这个理论对大多数人来 说难以理解) 词性转换 名词：incomprehensibility(难以理解)、动词： comprehend(理解) 高频搭配 incomprehensible to sb.(对某人来说难以理解) 9.automatization 核心词性 名词（n,高频核心)：自动化；自动操作 例：the automatization of production lines(生产线的自动化) 词性转换 动词：automatize（使自动化)、形容词：automatic(自动的) 高频搭配 process automatization(流程自动化)、automatization trend(自动化趋势) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：32-34BBC 32.B (justify the use of digital assistants) 考点：推理判断题 语境逻辑：文章第二段提到Anthony Bordg担忧数学领域可能面临”复制危机”，原因是数学 论证日益复杂，传统同行评审不足，甚至专家也无法验证某些证明。紧接着指出Borg建议使 用"proof assistants'”(计算机化证明助手)来解决这一问题。可见提及”复制危机”是为了说明 数字化助手的必要性。 6 选项辨析：A项”减少特定担忧”与原文”worries that.”不符；C项”质疑数学权威的作用”并 非重点，原文强调的是证明验证的困难而非权威问题；D项”强调机器的潜在威胁”是后文内容， 此处Bordg是在为技术工具的使用提供理由，故选B。 33.B (automatization is a major trend) 考点：观点态度题 语境逻辑：第三段提到科学的实用主义心态，以Shut up and calculate!!”为例，说明科学的主 要目标是”power'”(控制力)，并提到霍金和里斯预测人工智能在物理学中作用会增强。实用主 义者重视应用和控制力，而自动化能提升效率和控制力，因此他们可能认同自动化是大趋势。 选项辨析：A项”洞察自然是优先事项”与”science's primary goal is power'”相悖；C项”量子 AI仍是幻想”与”AI will play an increasing role”不符；D项”权力是数字化的途径”曲解文意， 原文是科学帮助获取权力，而非权力是数字化的途径，故选B。 34.C (The humanity of mathematics is hard to maintain. 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文章最后一段提到"the charm of math can hardly be preserved in face of the powerful forces behind automatization”,且第二段Michael Harris认为数学是”a way of being human”, 但技术巨头等资助者更重视应用，推动工具化。可见数学的人文性（如纯粹追求真理的本质）难 以维持。 选项辨析：A项”实用主义心态推动物理学发展”文中未明确提及”推动”，仅说物理学采用实 用主义：B项”量子力学统一物理理论”与”unified theory of physics'”尚未实现不符；D项”顶 尖数学家的证明无法理解”扩大范围，原文是”some proofs..can't validate them”,并非所有证 明都beyond understanding”,故选C。