阅读理解46-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读表达46 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读表达（约430词） ·核心知识点：哲理感悟 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、语言表达 材料剖析 。故事发展线索：作者回忆童年学雕塑经历→作为心理学家观察现代人缺乏耐心→分析 耐心的重要性及科技的影响→提出培养耐心的方法 ·感情发展线索：童年放弃的遗憾→对现代社会的反思→对心理灵活性的领悟→积极 应对的建议 阅读短文 My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor.When I was young,I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay he used in his work.But I didn't have the patience for the firm clay and quickly gave up. Now,as a clinical psychologist,I see so many people who don't have the ability to wait,and it is no wonder.In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly,why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns? However,learning how to wait is good for us.Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn to sculpt,I've come to appreciate that psychological flexibility-being open to and able to tolerate the uncomfortable thoughts and feelings that often arise when we face delays and setbacks-is an essential quality when it comes to mental health. For many of us,the challenge is that being patient now feels harder than ever before."We' re not getting the same opportunities to practice waiting as we used to,"says Michel Dugas,a professor. Waiting patiently is so difficult that we often react by doing things that actually make us more impatient,like constantly checking our phones for updates or seeking reassurance from everyone we know."Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible,which leads to trying to attain certainty in all situations,contributing to worry and anxiety,"says Dugas. But it is possible to develop patience-the ability to regulate your emotions in the face of delays,frustration,adversity and suffering. In my own experience,I've found that slowing my breathing,loosening my grip and relaxing my face can help counter impatience-for instance,when I'm sitting in traffic.When it comes to more significant setbacks,I remind myself of Salzberg,a writer. 2 "There are so many times in my life where I think nothing's happening for me,"says Salzberg. "Then I look back and say,'Oh how about that,I was actually planting a seed that I couldn't have guessed.'So sometimes I just remind myself that even if I don't know what it is right now, there is a bigger picture." 问题列表 40.Why does the author think people don't have the ability to wait? 41.What has the author come to realize since missing his chance to learn to sculpt? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Technology makes people more impatient because it enables them to attain certainty in all situations. 43.How do you overcome impatience in life?(In about 40 words) 核心词汇详解 1.neurosurgeon 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：神经外科医生（指专门从事脑部和神经系统外科手术 的医生) 例：My grandfather was a neurosurgeon and sculptor.（我的祖父是神经外 科医生和雕塑家) 词性转换 形容词：neurosurgical(神经外科的) 例：neurosurgical procedures(神经外科手术) 高频搭配 名词：brain neurosurgeon(脑神经外科医生)、pediatric neurosurgeon(小 儿神经外科医生) 易混辨析 neurosurgeon vs neurologist:前者“外科手术”，后者“内科诊断” A neurologist diagnoses brain disorders,while a neurosurgeon operates on them.(神经科医生诊断脑部疾病，而神经外科医生进行手术) 2.sculptor 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：雕刻家（指以雕刻为职业的人） 例：He is a famous sculptor known for his bronze statues..（他是一位以青铜 雕像闻名的著名雕刻家) 词性转换 动词：sculpt(雕刻)、名词：sculpture(雕塑) 例：She sculpts figures from clay.(她用粘土雕刻人像)》 高频搭配 名词：master sculptor(大师级雕刻家)、clay sculptor(粘土雕塑家) 易混辨析 sculptor vs artist:前者专指“雕刻家”，后者泛指“艺术家” 3 3.unwieldy 核心词性 形容词（adj,高频核心)：难处理的；笨重的（既可形容具体事物如材料、 工具，也可形容抽象事物如问题、计划) 例：I remember him trying to teach me to shape the unwieldy clay.(我记得 他试图教我塑造难处理的粘土) 词性转换 副词：unwieldily(笨重地)、名词：unwieldiness(笨重) 高频搭配 形容词：unwieldy tool(笨重的工具)、unwieldy system(难处理的系统) 易混辨析 unwieldy vs clumsy:前者侧重“难操控”，后者侧重“不灵巧” 例：The unwieldy package was hard to carry..(这个笨重的包裹很难搬运) 4.psychological 核心词性 形容词（adj,高频核心)：心理的：心理学的（指与心理状态、思维活动相 关的) 例：Psychological fleribility is essential for mental health.(心理灵活性对心 理健康至关重要) 词性转换 名词：psychology(心理学)、psychologist(心理学家) 例：She studies clinical psychology.(她学习临床心理学) 高频搭配 形容词：psychological health(心理健康)、psychological effect(心理效应) 易混辨析 psychological vs mental:前者侧重“科学层面”，后者更通用 5.flexibility 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：灵活性；柔韧性（既可指身体的柔韧性，也可指思维、 计划等的灵活性) 例：Psychological fleribility helps tolerate uncomfortable thoughts.(心理灵 活性有助于容忍不舒适的想法) 词性转换 形容词：lexible(灵活的) 例：Be flerible in your approach.(在你的方法上要灵活) 高频搭配 名词：mental flexibility(思维灵活性)、work flexibility(工作灵活性) 易混辨析 flexibility vs adaptability:前者“易于弯曲/调整”，后者“适应新环境” 6.tolerate 核心词性 动词（V,高频核心)：容忍；忍受（指忍受不愉快的事情或人） 例：Being able to tolerate discomfort is key.(能够容忍不适是关键) 词性转换 名词：tolerance(容忍)、形容词：tolerant（宽容的) 例：She has a high tolerance for pain.(她对疼痛有很高的忍耐力) 高频搭配 动词：tolerate stress(忍受压力)、tolerate delay(容忍延迟) 易混辨析 tolerate vs endure: 前者“被动忍受”，后者“主动忍耐” 7.setback 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：挫折；阻碍（指在进展中遇到的困难或失败） 例：We face delays and setbacks in life.(我们在生活中面临延迟和挫折) 词性转换 动词：set back(阻碍) 例：The project was set back by bad weather.(项目因恶劣天气而受阻) 高频搭配 名词：major setback(重大挫折)、temporary setback(暂时挫折) 易混辨析 setback vs obstacle:前者“已发生的挫折”，后者“潜在的障碍” 8.adversity 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：逆境；不幸（指生活中遇到的严重困难或不幸） 例：Patience helps in the face of adversits.(耐心有助于面对逆境) 词性转换 形容词：adverse(不利的) 例：adverse conditions(不利条件) 高频搭配 名词：overcome adversity(克服逆境)、face adversity(面对逆境) 易混辨析 adversity vs hardship:前者更正式，后者更强调“艰难” 9.regulate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：调节；控制（指调整某物使其保持正常状态或符合规 定) 例：The ability to regulate emotions is important..(调节情绪的能力很重要) 词性转换 名词：regulation(规则)、regulator(调节器) 例：government regulations(政府法规) 高频搭配 动词：regulate temperature(调节温度)、regulate behavior(规范行为) 易混辨析 regulate vs control::前者“系统化调节”，后者“一般性控制” 5 10.reassurance 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：安慰；放心（指使人感到安心的话语或行为） 例：Seeking reassurance from others can increase impatience..（向他人寻求 安慰可能增加不耐烦) 词性转换 动词：reassure(使安心)、形容词：reassuring(令人安心的) 例：He reassured me that everything was fine.(他让我放心，一切都好) 高频搭配 名词：constant reassurance(不断安慰)、words of reassurance(安慰的话) 易混辨析 reassurance vs comfort:前者“消除疑虑”，后者“提供舒适” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案： 40.Because in a world where people can get answers instantly,they don't need to deal with delays and unknowns. 41.Psychological flexibility is an essential quality for mental health. 42.The false part is "it enables them to attain certainty in all situations".Explanation: Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible,but it doesn't actually enable people to attain certainty in all situations. 43.I can slow my breathing,relax my body,and remind myself that there's a bigger picture,just like Salzberg said about planting seeds I couldn't guess. 40.考点：细节理解 语境：文中第二段提到“In a world where it is possible to get the answer to any question instantly,. why should any of us have to deal with delays and unknowns??”,说明作者认为人们缺乏等待能 力是因为在能即时获取答案的世界里，无需应对延迟和未知。 解析：作者直接指出科技环境导致人们缺乏等待的动机，答案需概括此意。 41.考点：细节理解 语境：第三段指出“Since missing my priceless opportunity to learn to sculpt,I’ve come to appreciate that psychological flexibility...is an essential quality when it comes to mental health", 即作者意识到心理灵活性对心理健康至关重要。 解析：答案需准确提取关键信息“psychological flexibility”及其重要性。 42.考点：细节判断与推理 语境：第五段明确提到“Technology creates the false belief that certainty is possible”,说明 技术只是让人产生“能获得确定性”的错误认知，而非真的能在所有情况下实现确定性，故“t enables them to attain certainty in all situations”表述错误。 解析：需识别错误部分并解释原因，强调技术制造错误信念而非实际能力。 43.考点：信息整合与语言表达 语境：倒数第二段提到“slowing my breathing,loosening my grip and relaxing my face”,最后 一段引用Salzberg的话强调“there is a bigger picture'”,整合这些内容即可回答如何克服不耐 烦。 6 解析：答案需结合文中建议和个人理解，在40词内表达具体方法。