阅读理解43-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选43 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约420词) 。文章类型：记叙文-个人经历 ·考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳 材料剖析 。故事发展线索：羡慕花园→申请地块→获得地块（美丽但杂草丛生）→学习园艺→ 收获教训（食物生长、季节性、无常）→面对气候危机→感悟成长 ·感情发展线索：羡慕→惊喜与担忧→学习与收获→谦逊与敬畏→共同成长 阅读理解短文 Two years ago,fueled by my envy for those with gardens,I signed up for a plot,a place where I could read and write in the sun,safe from distractions.A few months ago,I was presented a half-plot of available land.The plot,which was bigger than I could dream of,was beautiful but overgrown-getting it started would require hard work.I wasn't sure I had it in me. Fast forward to now.After seeking guidance from my family and watching beginners'gardening videos,I spend hours a week sowing,weeding,watering and harvesting.My summer at the plot has so far offered countless lessons,but the most important one has been learning more about how food actually grows.Take the humble cauliflower-a common sight in the supermarket,yet it demands patient tending for up to six months,all for a short moment on the plate.Seasonality has also taken on a new meaning.I knew that all fresh food has its "season"but it was only when I was overwhelmed by an endless supply of courgettes that I really understood I could be eating them for months. Yet abundant harvests come with a lesson in impermanence.Fresh produce goes off quickly once ripened and picked.And so I've turned to the old craft of preservation-learning what to boil and freeze,or make into jam-to make things last.When the harvest has been more than I can manage,I've shared the abundance with friends and family,spreading the joy. While gardening is a welcome escape from the chaos of the modern world,you can't avoid the reality of the climate crisis.It's one thing to read these in the news or see them reflected in prices, but it's quite another when you have to be in tune with weather patterns,praying for prolonged sunshine without the unbearable heat. As I continue to tend my plot,I do so with a sense of humility,wonder and excitement.What started as a desire for a small patch of green has grown into something much more significant- 2 a connection to my local environment,a respect for the food I eat and an awareness of the fragile natural systems that sustain us.In the beginning,I was worried I would fail the plot;instead,I' m finding myself growing alongside it. 题目选项列表 24.How did the author feel when getting the plot? A.Proud but anxious. B.Grateful but puzzled. C.Amazed but worried. D.Moved but disappointed. 25.While working on the plot,the author learned to A.remove chaos from life B.create seasonal recipes C.identify common plants D.respect laws of nature 26.What does the author's experience tell us? A.Labor is the most reliable wealth. B.Every season brings its own lessons. C.The land is made better and so is the gardener D.One should stay hungry for constant progress. 核心词汇详解 1.humility 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：谦逊；谦卑（强调对自身能力或成就的低调态度） 常用搭配：with humility(谦逊地)、a sense of humility(谦逊感) 例：She accepted the award with humility.(她谦逊地接受了奖项) 词性转换 形容词：humble(谦逊的；卑微的) 例：He is humble about his achievements.(他对自己的成就很谦逊) 副词：humbly(谦逊地；卑微地) 例：She spoke humbly of her contributions..(她谦逊地谈及自己的贡献) 高频搭配 show humility(表现出谦逊)、with genuine humility(以真诚的谦逊) 易混辨析 humility vs modesty:humility侧重“内心深处对自身价值的客观认知， 不夸大能力”，带有敬畏感；modesty侧重“在言行上不炫耀，克制自夸”， 更强调外在表现。 humble vs modest:humble可描述人“地位卑微的”（例a humble farmer), modesty无此含义；作“谦逊”讲时，humble更强调内在态度，modest侧 重外在行为。 3 2.impermanence 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：无常；暂时性（指事物易变、非永恒的性质） 常用搭配：the impermanence of life(生命的无常)、accept impermanence (接受无常) 例：The impermanence of all things is a central Buddhist concept.（万物的 无常是佛教的核心概念) 词性转换 形容词：impermanent(暂时的；非永久的) 例：impermanent solutions(临时解决方案) 反义词：permanence(n.永久；永恒)、permanent(adj.永久的) 高频搭配 the concept of impermanence(无常的概念)、the impermanence of..(… 的无常) 易混辨析 impermanence vs transience:impermanence强调“缺乏永恒性，必然 会变化或消失”，带有哲学或抽象色彩；transience侧重“持续时间短暂，转 瞬即逝”，例the transience of youth(青春的短暂)。 3.sustain 核心词性 动词（v.,高频核心)： 维持：支撑（指维持生命、系统等的运转）保持： 维持（指保持某种状态或水平）遭受：承受（指遭受伤害或损失） 例：The river sustains the local ecosystem.(这条河维持着当地的生态系统) 例：sustain economic growth(维持经济增长) 例：sustain injuries(受伤) 词性转换 名词：sustenance(食物；营养；生计) 例：live on simple sustenance(靠简单的食物为生) 名词：sustainability(可持续性) 例：sustainable development(可持续发展) 形容词：sustainable(可持续的；能长期维持的) 例：sustainable agriculture(可持续农业) 高频搭配 sustain life(维持生命)、sustain losses(遭受损失)、sustain a relationship (维持关系)、sustain the environment(保护环境) 易混辨析 sustain vs maintain:sustain侧重“提供必要的支持以使其继续存在或 运转”，对象多为生命、系统、经济等；maintain侧重“通过努力使事物保 持在现有状态”，例maintain order(维持秩序)、maintain a garden(打理 花园)。 sustain vs endure:sustain强调“承受具体的伤害或损失”，例sustain a broken arm(手臂骨折)；endure侧重“长时间忍受痛苦或困难”，例endure hardships(忍受苦难)， 4.abundant 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：丰富的；充裕的（指数量或程度上充足） 常用搭配：be abundant in(富含…) 例：The area is abundant in natural resources.（该地区自然资源丰富) 词性转换 名词：abundance(丰富；充裕) 例：Wildlife erists in abundance here.(这里野生动物种类丰富) 副词：abundantly(丰富地；充分地) 例：She is abundantly talented.(她才华横溢) 高频搭配 abundant evidence(充分证据)、abundant rainfall(充足降雨)、abundant opportunities(大量机会) 易混辨析 abundant vs plentiful:abundant语气更强，侧重“数量远超需求，极其 丰富”，多用于书面语；plentiful侧重“足够满足需求，不短缺”，例plentiful food(充足的食物)。 abundant vs ample:ample侧重“空间、时间、资源等足够使用，有余 地”，例ample time(充足的时间)；abundant侧重“数量多”，例abundant supplies(大量供应)。 5.fragile 核心词性 形容词(ad山j,高频核心)：易碎的：脆弱的（指物理上易损坏）脆弱的； 易受伤害的（指抽象事物，如关系、系统等） 例：fragile glass（易碎玻璃) 例：fragile ecosystem(脆弱的生态系统) 词性转换 名词：fragility(脆弱性；易碎性) 例：the fragility of human life（人类生命的脆弱) 高频搭配 fragile health(虚弱的健康)、fragile peace(脆弱的和平)、fragile balance (脆弱的平衡)、fragile economy(脆弱的经济) 易混辨析 fragile vs delicate:fragile强调“容易破碎或损坏，需要小心对待”，例 fragile items(易碎物品)；delicate侧重“精致、纤细，可能因复杂或敏感而 需要谨慎处理”，例delicate lace(精致的蕾丝)、delicate situation(微妙的 局势)。 fragile vs weak:fragile指“结构或机能上脆弱，易受损害”，例fragile bones(脆弱的骨骼)；weak侧重“力量或能力不足”，例weak leadership (软弱的领导)。 5 6.overgrown 核心词性 形容词（adj.,高频核心)：杂草丛生的；过度生长的（指植物生长过旺而杂 乱) 例：an overgrown garden(杂草丛生的花园) 词性转换 动词短语：overgrow(长满；过度生长)〉 例：The path was overgrown with grass.(小路长满了草) 动词：grow over(被…覆盖；长满) 例：The wall was grown over with ivy.(墙上爬满了常春藤) 高频搭配 overgrown plot(杂草丛生的地块)、overgrown weeds(疯长的杂草)、over- grown with sth.(被某物覆盖/长满 易混辨析 overgrown vs wild:overgrown特指“植物因无人管理而过度生长，显得 杂乱”；wild侧重“野生的，未被驯化的”，例wild flowers(野花)，不强调 “过度生长”。 7.cauliflower 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：花椰菜；菜花（指一种十字花科蔬菜） 例：roast cauliflower(烤花椰菜) 词性转换 无特殊词性转换，需注意拼写与发音(/k liflao(r)/) 高频搭配 fresh cauliflower(新鲜花椰菜)、cauliflower cheese(奶酪花椰菜)、cauliflower 丑orets(花椰菜小朵) 易混辨析 cauliflower vs broccoli:cauliflower指“花椰菜，通常为白色”，broccoli 指“西兰花，通常为绿色”。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：24-26CDC 24.C (Amazed but worried.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：根据原文第二段“The plot,which was bigger than I could dream of,was beautiful but overgrown-getting it started would require hard work.I wasn't sure I had it in me. 知，作者拿到的地块比梦想中还大，很美丽（对应“amazed"),但杂草丛生，需要辛苦劳作，作 者不确定自己能否胜任（对应“worried”)。 选项辨析：A项“自豪但焦虑”、B项“感激但困惑”、D项“感动但失望”均不符合原文“惊 喜于大小和美丽，担忧能否应对劳作”的情绪组合，只有C项“惊讶但担忧”准确概括。 25.D (respect laws of nature) 考点：推理判断题 语境逻辑：根据第五段“a connection to my local environment,a respect for the food I eat and 6 an awareness of the fragile natural systems that sustain us”可知，作者通过种植学会了尊重食 物、意识到维持生存的自然系统的脆弱性，这体现了对自然规律的敬畏。 选项辨析：A项“消除生活混乱”与原文“gardening is a welcome escape from the chaos”（逃 避混乱而非消除)不符：B项“创造季节性食谱”原文未提及；C项“识别常见植物”非核心收 获：D项“尊重自然规律”与“尊重食物、意识到自然系统脆弱性”的深层含义一致。 26.C (The land is made better and so is the gardener.) 考点：主旨归纳题 语境逻辑：根据最后一段“What started as a desire for a small patch of green has grown into. a connection..a respect..an awareness...I'm finding myself growing alongside it.”可知，作 者最初想要小块绿地，最终地块不仅被打理好，作者自身也获得了成长（与地块共同成长）。 选项辨析：A项“劳动是最可靠的财富”、B项“每个季节都有教训”、D项“保持对进步的渴 望”均偏离主旨；C项“土地变得更好，园丁也一样”准确概括了“地块被改善，作者在过程中 成长”的双重结果，符合“growing alongside it”的核心含义。