阅读理解40-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选40 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约500词) 。 核心知识点：科学技术、议论文、人工智能 ·考查重点：细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·第一段：引出话题+提出疑问：以2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖涉及A1为切入点， 引用《纽约时报》观点“AI正进入科学领域”，并提出核心问题“AI真的接管了科学吗？” 。第二段：分析物理学奖的本质：针对物理学奖，指出获奖者的研究是关于信息物理原理的 基础研究，而非A虹的广泛应用，回应首段疑问，说明该奖项的合理性。 。第三段：分析化学奖中的AI工具属性：以化学奖中的AlphaFold为例，说明AI虽在蛋 白质结构预测中表现出色，但存在局限性，并非解决所有问题的万能药，只是优秀工具。 ·第四段：阐述A虹工具的发展趋势：通过晶体管和消费软件中神经网络的例子，说明工具 在普及后会逐渐融入背景，预测A虹工具在科学领域也会如此。 。第五段：回应A1对人类科学家的潜在威胁：提出关于AI自动化是否威胁人类科学家努 力的担忧，引发对AI与人类科学家关系的思考。 。第六段：论述A虹对科学的作用与局限：肯定AI能革新科学，列举其已有的和潜在的贡 献，但指出其核心局限一科学依赖现实世界的实证性，这是仅靠计算无法克服的 ·第七段：强调人类科学家的不可替代性：说明科学需要实验者（人类专家），他们能提出 A虹无法提出的问题，物理学的核心精神依赖实验和观察，现实世界仍需人类科学家研究， 无论是否有AI辅助。 阅读理解短文 The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI.Some said the physics prize wasn't really physics."AI is coming for science,too,"the New York Times concluded.With powerful large language models,AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science? To begin with,the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield,a physicist,who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory.Hopfield came up with an intuitive analogy:a ball,rolling across a bumpy landscape,will often "remember"to return to the same lowest valley.Hinton's work extended Hopfield's model.In short,the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information,not the broad umbrella of 3 "AI"and its applications.Meanwhile,the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper.Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch.Yet by 2018,of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases,only about 150,000 had confirmed structures.Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold,which provided accurate folding structures for the rest.But even so,the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins.It's not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding,but rather an excellent tool.Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses.We rarely pause to consider the transistor ()(for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded)when we use electronics containing them by the billions.Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path.The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service.In science,as in so many other domains,this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background,too.Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists.As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress,will any prizes recognize work truly free of Al? AI can revolutionize science.It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity.Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries.In short,they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible.But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science:its empirical dependence on the real world,which cannot be overcome by computation alone.Science also needs experimenters -human experts driven to study the universe,and who will ask questions an AI cannot.Physics -its core ethos is "that the world is understandable"in quantitative,predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study,whether aided by AI or not. 题目选项列表 1.31.Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics,the author might think A.it should have been awarded to more physicists B.it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research C.it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics D.it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information 2.32.What does the word "catholicon"underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.A final solution. B.A big improvement. C.A complete cure-all. D.A common obstacle. 3.33.What can we learn from this passage? A.AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches B.AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used. C.AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience. D.AI poses a threat on traditional methods of scientific inquiry. 4.34.What would be the best title for this passage? 4 A.AI and Science:Revolution or Evolution? B.Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration? C.AI and Science:A New Era of Collaboration? D.Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries? 核心词汇详解 1.dynamics 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义一是“动力学；动态”（物理领域指物体运 动与力的关系)：二是“动态变化：相互作用”（社会或系统中各因素的变化 过程)。 词性转换 形容词：dynamic(动态的；有活力的) 例：a dynamic economy(动态经济) 高频搭配 group dynamics(群体动力学)、fluid dynamics(流体动力学) 易混辨析 dynamics vs kinetics:前者侧重“系统整体动态”，后者侧重“运动原因” 2.molecule 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：核心含义是“分子”（化学中构成物质的基本微观粒 子，由原子结合而成)。 词性转换 形容词：molecular(分子的) 例：molecular structure(分子结构) 高频搭配 water molecule(水分子)、organic molecule(有机分子) 易混辨析 molecule vs atom: 前者“分子”，后者“原子” 3.empirical 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是“经验主义的：以实验为依据的”（强 调基于观察或实验而非理论)。 词性转换 副词：empirically(经验上)、名词：empiricism(经验主义) 例：empirical evidence(经验证据) 高频搭配 empirical research(实证研究)、empirical data(经验数据) 易混辨析 empirical vs theoretical:前者“基于实验”，后者“基于理论” 5 4.catholicon 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“万灵药；万能药”（比喻能解决一切问 题的方法或事物)。 词性转换 同义词：panacea(万灵药) 例：There is no catholicon for all problems..(没有解决所有问题的万灵药) 高频搭配 a catholicon for..(解决…的万灵药) 易混辨析 catholicon vs remedy:前者“万能”，后者“针对特定问题” 5.ethos 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“（某一群体或社会的）精神特质；价值 观；信条”。 词性转换 同义词：spirit(精神)、values(价值观) 例：the ethos of democracy(民主精神) 高频搭配 corporate ethos(企业精神)、scientific ethos(科学精神) 易混辨析 ethos vs ethics:i 前者“群体价值观”，后者“道德规范” 6.neural 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义是“神经的；神经系统的”，在科技领 域常构成搭配neural network(神经网络)。 词性转换 名词：neuron(神经元) 例：neural activity（神经活动) 高频搭配 neural network(神经网络)、neural system(神经系统) 易混辨析 neural vs nervous: 前者侧重“神经结构”，后者侧重“紧张或神经系统” 7.automation 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“自动化”（指机器或系统在无人干预的 情况下自动完成操作的过程)。 词性转换 动词：automate(使自动化)、形容词：automated(自动化的) 例：industrial automation(工业自动化) 高频搭配 office automation(办公自动化)、automation technology(自动化技术) 易混辨析 automation vs mechanization:前者“全自动”，后者“机械化” 6 8.revolutionize 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：核心含义是“彻底改变：使发生革命性变革”（强调 对某领域或事物产生根本性影响)。 词性转换 名词：revolution(革命)、形容词：revolutionary(革命性的) 例：The internet revolutionized communication..(互联网彻底改变了沟通方 式) 高频搭配 revolutionize an industry(彻底改变一个行业) 易混辨析 revolutionize vs reform:前者“根本性变革”，后者“改良” 9.quantitative 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义是“定量的；数量的”（与qualitative (定性的)相对，侧重用数据或数量表示)。 词性转换 名词：quantity(数量)、副词：quantitatively(定量地) 例：quantitative analysis（定量分析) 高频搭配 quantitative research(定量研究)、quantitative data(定量数据) 易混辨析 quantitative vs qualitative:前者“数量”，后者“质量” 10. unimaginable 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是“难以想象的：不可思议的”（强调 超出正常思维或经验范围)。 词性转换 动词：imagine(想象)、名词：imagination(想象力) 例：unimaginable wealth(难以想象的财富) 高频搭配 previously unimaginable(以前难以想象的) 易混辨析 unimaginable vs inconceivable:前者“难以想象”，后者“无法理解” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34DCBD 1.31.D (it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information) 考点：细节理解题 语境：第二段明确提到“In short,the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information”,作者认为诺贝尔物理学奖是对信息物理原理基础研究的 认可，即其聚焦于信息物理原理是合理的。 辨析：A项“应该授予更多物理学家”文中未提及；B项“旨在鼓励物理学家从事AI研究” 7 与原文不符，奖项针对的是物理原理研究而非AI应用；C项“是对AI在物理学广泛应用的认 可”与原文“not the broad umbrella of'AI'and its applications”相悖。D项符合文意。 2.32.C (A complete cure-all) 考点：词义猜测题 语境：第三段提到“the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins”,说明AlphaFold并非能解 决蛋白质折叠的所有问题，“catholicon”所在句意为“它不是解决蛋白质折叠所有问题的…， 而是一个优秀工具”。 辨析：A项“最终解决方案”侧重过程终点；B项“重大改进”与语境“并非万能”不符：C 项“万灵药”即能解决所有问题的东西，符合“无法解决所有问题”的逻辑；D项“常见障碍” 与文意相反。C项最贴切。 3.33.B (AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used) 考点：推理判断题 语境：第四段提到“when AI tools become commonplace,they will fade into the background, too”,即当AI工具普及后会逐渐淡出人们的视线，变得不那么引人注目。 辨析：A项“AI工具仅限于特定科学分支”与第五段“AI can revolutionize science...may dream up new molecules for batteries”等内容不符；C项“AI将克服对现实世界经验的依赖”与第 "its empirical dependence on the real world,which cannot be overcome by computation alone'”相悖；D项“AI威胁传统科学探究方法”与末段“Science also needs experimenters.. who will ask questions an AI cannot”不符，AI是辅助而非威胁。B项符合文意。 4.34.D (Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries?) 考点：主旨大意题 语境：文章开篇以2024年诺贝尔物理奖和化学奖涉及AI为由，引出“A1是否接管科学”的疑 问，随后围绕A虹在科学中的作用、局限性及未来趋势展开，核心是探讨AI在诺贝尔奖级发现 中是否占主导地位。 辨析：A项“革命还是进化”文中未明确探讨“进化”；B项“AI是否终结科学探索”与末段 “real world still exists for future scientists to study”不符；C项“合作新时代”非文章重点，文 章更关注A虹是否主导科学发现；D项准确概括了文章对AI在诺贝尔级发现中地位的探讨。