阅读理解39-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选39 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解(3题，全文约420词) 核心知识点：动物、环境保护、说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、文章主旨 材料剖析 ·文章结构：事件引入→原因分析→应对措施→效果评估→总结建议 ·主旨脉络：介绍鸟类撞楼现象→分析人工灯光影响→介绍保护措施→强调多方面协 作保护 阅读理解短文 On May 4,2017,395 migratory birds died after crashing into a tall building in Galveston,Texas.Their migration routes are full of danger-including bright city lights.Every year,millions of birds are thought to be killed in building collisions in the US. The scene of the mass collision in Galveston was a skyscraper which has four corner spotlights and glowing green LED lights around the top.The influence of artificial lights in urban spaces is a well-known phenomenon among birds,but is still not fully understood.Birds tend to migrate by night,and use the stars to navigate.During nocturnal (migration,they are often seen gathering around or crashing into lit-up windows or gathering around beams of projected light.The artificial glow of cities appears to attract them for stopovers.One explanation is that they may generally fly towards light sources,but also,that the artificial light confuses,traps and disorients them. Every tragedy is an opportunity to educate.The accident prompted bird conservation organi- sations to take action and jointly develop a science-based response.Several campaigns encouraged building owners and developers to switch off non-essential lighting to help travelling birds.Soon the first Lights Out for Birds programme was formed,which has now expanded into the statewide. Meanwhile,the Cornell Lab of Ornithology developed a way to forecast bird migration during spe- cific times and locations,using radar.The resulting BirdCast migration forecast maps are freely accessible.Their live migration map allows anyone to check how many birds are migrating now, and where,as well as how many are predicted to pass in the near future.For one night in October, they recorded a"billion bird night",with that number or more birds passing in a single night. Andrew Farnsworth,a migration ecologist said that early data collection suggests that Light Out is effective,even with the limited data and uncontrollable factors.Moreover,Farnsworth points 2 out protecting species that move presents special challenges for researchers and conservationists. Migrating birds can travel thousands of kilometres,crossing and stopping in many different habitats, traversing borders,and flying through cities-which are continuing to grow around the world. There is no single solution to helping migrating birds.Instead,spreading awareness,empathy and efficient enforcement are all crucial in keeping birds safe and avoiding collisions."We need to keep our connection to nature through our eyes,ears,nose,whatever to experience the core of all this research and observation." 题目选项列表 1.According to the passage,why do the migrating birds hit the buildings? A.Their routes are blocked by tall buildings. B.They attempt to avoid potential dangers. C.They are affected by the artificial lights. D.Their migration patterns have changed. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.Light Out is thought to be helpful despite data limitations. B.BirdCast needs further improvement in tracking accuracy. C.Light Out can guide migrating birds away from artificial lights. D.BirdCast can predict the number and species of migrating birds 3.As for helping migrating birds,which would the author agree with? A.It is worthwhile to improve Light Out. B.It is necessary to make effective regulations C.It is crucial to work out a one-button solution. D.It is essential to integrate multiple aspects'effort. 核心词汇详解 1.migratory 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：迁徙的；移栖的 常用搭配：migratory birds(候鸟)、migratory route(迁徙路线) 名词(n.,延伸)：migration(迁徙) 例：Birds migrate to find food.(鸟类迁徙寻找食物) 词性转换 名词：migration(迁徙)、动词：migrate(迁徙) 例：The birds migrate south for the winter.(这些鸟迁徙到南方过冬) 高频搭配 形容词：migratory species(迁徙物种)、migratory behavior(迁徙行为) 名词：seasonal migration(季节性迁徙)、migration pattern(迁徙模式) 易混辨析 migratory vs nomadic:前者”有规律的季节性迁徙”，后者”游牧式无固 定居所” 3 2.navigate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：导航；确定方向；航行 常用搭配：navigate by the stars(通过星星导航)、navigate through(穿过) 例：Birds navigate by the stars..(鸟类通过星星导航) 词性转换 名词：navigation(导航；航行) 形容词：navigational（导航的；航行的) 例：navigation system（导航系统)、navigational aids（导航捕助设备) 高频搭配 动词：navigate by(通过…导航)、navigate through(穿过；浏览) 名词：navigation equipment(导航设备)、navigation skills(导航技能) 易混辨析 navigate vs guide:navigate强调”通过工具、自然现象确定方向”；guide 侧重”引导他人到达目的地” 3.nocturnal 核心词性 形容词（adj,高频核心)：夜间的；夜行的 常用搭配：nocturnal animals(夜行动物)、nocturnal migration(夜间迁徙) 例：Owls are nocturnal birds.(猫头鹰是夜行鸟类) 词性转换 名词：nocturnality(夜行性) 副词：nocturnally(夜间地) 例：the nocturnality of bats(蝙蝠的夜行性)、hunt nocturnally(夜间捕食) 高频搭配 形容词：nocturnal activity(夜间活动)、nocturnal vision(夜视能力) 名词：nocturnal behavior(夜间行为) 易混辨析 nocturnal vs night:nocturnal是形容词，强调”与夜间相关的属性”；night 是名词，指”夜晚” 4.disorient 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：使迷失方向：使困惑 常用搭配：disorient sb.(使某人迷失方向)、be disoriented by(因…而困 惑) 例：The fog disoriented the hikers.(大雾使徒步旅行者迷失了方向) 词性转换 形容词：disoriented(迷失方向的；困惑的) 名词：disorientation(迷失方向；困惑) 例：feel disoriented（感到困惑)、spatial disorientation（空间定向障碍) 高频搭配 动词：disorient sb.(使某人迷失方向) 名词：disorientation(迷失方向) 易混辨析 disorient vs confuse:disorient特指”在空间或方向上迷失”；confuse泛 指”因信息复杂而困惑” 4 5.conservationist 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：自然资源保护主义者：生态保护者 常用搭配：wildlife conservationists(野生动物保护者) 例：Environmental conservationists work to protect natural ha.bitats..(环保 工作者致力于保护自然栖息地) 词性转换 名词：conservation(保护；保存) 动词：conserve(保护；保存) 形容词：conservative(保守的：传统的) 例：conservation of energy(能量守恒)、conserve water（节约用水) 高频搭配 名词：environmental conservationist(环保主义者) 动词：wildlife conservation(野生动物保护) 易混辨析 conservationist vs environmentalist:conservationist侧重”保护自然 资源”；environmentalists范围更广，关注整体环境问题 6.traverse 核心词性 动词（v,高频核心)：穿过：横越；详细讨论 常用搭配：traverse the desert(穿越沙漠) 例：Theh认ers traversed the mountain range.(徒步旅行者穿越了山脉) 词性转换 名词：traversal(穿越；遍历) 例：the traversal of data（数据遍历) 高频搭配 动词：traverse across(横跨)、traverse through(穿过) 名词：a traverse of the mountain(翻越山脉) 易混辨析 traverse vs cross:traverse更正式，强调”长距离、艰难地跨越”；cross 泛指”从一边到另一边” 5 7.enforcement 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：执行；实施：强制 常用搭配：law enforcement(执法)、enforcement of regulations(法规的执 行) 例：Strict enforcement of traffic laws is necessary.(严格执行交通法很有必 要) 词性转换 动词：enforce(执行；实施；强迫) 形容词：enforceable(可执行的：可实施的) 例：enforce the law(执法)、an enfore℃eable contract(可执行的合同) 高频搭配 名词：strict enforcement(严格执行)、effective enforcement(有效实施) 动词：enforce a rule(执行规则) 易混辨析 enforcement vs implementation: enforcement强调”强制手段确保遵 守”；implementation侧重”将计划付诸实践” 8.empathy 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：共情；同理心 常用搭配：show empathy for others(对他人表示同情) 例：Empathy is important in relationships.(同理心在人际关系中很重要) 词性转换 形容词：empathetic(有同理心的；共情的) 动词：empathize(有同感；产生共鸣) 例：an empathetic person（有同理心的人)、empathize with sb.(与某人产 生共鸣) 高频搭配 名词：have empathy for(对…有同理心)、show empathy towards(对. 表示共情) 动词：empathize with sb.(与某人产生共鸣) 易混辨析 empathy vs sympathy:empathy强调”设身处地理解”；sympathy侧 重”对他人的不幸表示同情” 9.collision 高频搭配名词：avoid collision(避免碰撞)、head-on collision(正面碰撞) 动词：collide with(与…碰撞/冲突) 易混辨析collision vs crash:collision可指”两物体相撞”；crash强调”猛烈撞击，常伴随损坏 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：28-30CAD 1.C (They are affected by the artificial lights.) 考点：细节理解题 语境：文章明确指出”The influence of artificial lights in urban spaces is a well-known phenomenon among birds..the artificial light confuses,traps and disorients them”,说明鸟类撞楼是因为受 到人工灯光的影响。 辨析：A项”路线被高楼阻挡”文中未提及；B项”试图躲避潜在危险”与文意相反，灯光是危 险而非躲避对象；D项”迁徙模式改变”无中生有。只有C符合原文对人工灯光影响的描述。 2.A (Light Out is thought to be helpful despite data limitations. 考点：细节理解题 语境：文中提到"early data collection suggests that Light Out is effective,even with the limited data and uncontrollable factors'”,明确指出尽管数据有限，Light Out仍被认为有效。 辨析：B项BirdCast需要提升追踪准确性”文中未提及；C项”Light Out能引导鸟类远离灯 光”与原文”switch off non-essential lighting”的逻辑不符，其作用是减少灯光吸引而非主动引 导；D项BirdCast能预测鸟类种类”错误，原文仅提到预测数量和位置，未提及种类。 3.D (It is essential to integrate multiple aspects'effort.) 考点：推理判断题 语境：文章结尾强调There is no single solution.spreading awareness,empathy and efficient enforcement are all crucial”,说明需要多方面努力。 辨析：A项”改进Light Out值得”虽有一定道理，但并非作者核心观点：B项”制定有效法规”只 是”efficient enforcement”的一部分，不全面；C项”一键式解决方案”与原文”no single solution'” 直接矛盾；D项”整合多方面努力”符合”awareness,empathy and efficient enforcement'”的综合 要求。