阅读理解35-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-七选五35 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-七选五（约250词） 。核心知识点：日常生活、科普知识 。考查重点：上下文逻辑衔接、语义连贯、代词指代、词汇呼应 材料剖析 。文章主题：沟通中明确表达需求的重要性 ·结构线索：引出核心观点→阐述对他人的影响→强调个人可靠性→说明缓解紧张→ 分析风险与应对 。感情发展线索：理性分析实证支持→积极建议→对比反思→务实总结 阅读理解短文 Experienced negotiators know that those who ask for more,get more.It works in any important communication opportunity,such as asking for help or getting approval from your senior leadership on an important project.Researchers have proven that knowing what you want increases the chances you get it.If you're explaining a situation to someone,it may be the first time they' ve thought about it.Then your asking acts as a base for their final decision. Being clear about what you want also makes you look more reliable.Decision makers generally don't like people bringing problems without a solution.They may not agree with the solution, but they will appreciate that you've thought about it.In fact,figuring out what to recommend will force you to think deeply and clearly about the situation,which will improve the quality of the end product._ Asking for what you want may feel pushy,but it actually puts the other person at ease.Being clear up front about your ask respects the relationship by reducing tension.You know they want something but they don't get right to the point,so you feel more and more uncomfortable as they beat around the bush,because you're wondering where they're going with it.But if you were going to end up with a no anyway,it's better to lose early than late.Besides saving time,it may avoid an extended debate which makes the other person stick even more to their own position. 题目选项列表 A.But it's not limited to negotiation situations. 2 B.You do run the risk of getting a quick rejection. C.We have a tendency to overestimate the chance of rejection. D.And this is the best final driver of your personal trustworthiness. E.Think of the times that someone has approached you for a request F.Most communication situations benefit from being direct in your ask. G.There is a good chance that they will be slightly uncertain about what to do. 核心词汇详解 1.negotiator 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：谈判者；协商者（指参与正式谈判或协商的人） 常用搭配：experienced negotiator(经验丰富的谈判者)、skilled negotiator (熟练的谈判者) 动词(v.,延伸)：negotiate(谈判；协商；达成) 例：They negotiated with the supplier for a better price.(他们与供应商谈判 以获得更优价格) 词性转换 动词：negotiate(核心)、名词：negotiation(谈判；协商) 例：peace negotiations(和平谈判) 高频搭配 名词：lead negotiator(首席谈判代表)、negotiation skills(谈判技巧) 动词：negotiate a deal(达成交易)、negotiate terms(协商条款) 易混辨析 negotiator vs negotiation:前者指“进行谈判的人”，是人；后者指“谈 判的过程或行为”，是抽象概念 2.reliable 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：可靠的；可信赖的（用于描述人或事物）：稳定 的：可依赖的（用于描述性能、系统等） 常用搭配：reliable information(可靠信息)、reliable system(稳定的系统) 动词(v,核心)：rely(依靠；依赖) 例：You can rely on him to keep the secret..(你可以信赖他会保守秘密) 词性转换 动词：rely(核心)、名词：reliability(可靠性；可信度)、副词：reliably (可靠地；稳定地) 例：the reliability of the data（数据的可靠性) 高频搭配 形容词：reliable source(可靠来源)、reliable friend(可信赖的朋友) 动词：rely on sb./sth.(依靠某人/某物)、rely heavily on(严重依赖) 易混辨析 reliable vs dependent:前者侧重“自身具有可靠性，能被他人依赖”；后 者侧重“自己依赖他人或事物”，常用搭配be dependent on(依赖于) 3 3.tendency 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：倾向；趋势（指人或事物表现出的某种偏好或发展方 向) 常用搭配：have a tendency to do sth.(有做某事的倾向) 动词(v,核心)：tend(倾向于；往往会；照料) 例：People tend to get fat as they grow older.(人年纪大了往往会发胖) 词性转换 动词：tend(核心)、形容词：tendentious(有偏见的；宣传性的) 高频搭配 名词：a tendency towards sth.(有…的趋势)、develop a tendency(形成 一种倾向) 动词：tend to do(倾向于做)、tend to sb./sth.(照料某人/某物) 易混辨析 tendency vs trend:前者侧重“个人或事物内在的、习惯性的倾向”；后 者侧重“社会、经济等领域的流行趋势或发展动向”，范围更广 4.rejection 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：拒绝；否决（对请求、建议等的拒绝）：排斥；抵制 (医学、心理学等领域) 常用搭配：rejection letter(拒绝信)、organ rejection(器官排斥) 动词(v.,核心)：reject(拒绝接受：否决；排斥) 例：He rejected the job offer.(他拒绝了这份工作邀请) 词性转换 动词：reject(核心)、形容词：rejective(拒绝的；排斥的) 高频搭配 名词：face rejection(面对拒绝)、fear of rejection(害怕被拒绝) 动词：reject an offer(拒绝提议)、reject a claim(拒绝索赔) 易混辨析 rejection vs refusal:前者语气更强，常指“正式或坚决的拒绝”，可能带 有否定意味；后者语气较中性，泛指“拒绝的行为”，例a polite refusal(礼 貌的拒绝) 4 5.approval 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：批准；同意；认可 常用搭配：get approval(获得批准)、give approval(给予同意) 动词(v.,核心)：approve(批准；同意；赞成) 例：The committee approved the plan.(委员会批准了该计划) 词性转换 动词：approve(核心)、形容词：approved(被批准的；认可的)、副词： approvingly(赞成地；认可地) 例：an approved method(认可的方法) 高频搭配 名词：seek approval(寻求批准)、of伍cial approval(官方批准) 动词：approve a decision(批准决定)、approve of sb./sth.(赞成某人/某物) 易混辨析 approval vs agreement:前者侧重“上级对下级、权威对请求的批准或认 可”；后者侧重“双方或多方达成的一致意见”，例reach an agreement(达 成协议) 6.tension 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：紧张；紧张局势（人际关系、局势等）：张力：拉力 (物理概念)：紧张感；压力（心理层面） 常用搭配：ease tension(缓解紧张)、surface tension(表面张力) 形容词(adj,核心)：tense(紧张的；焦虑的；拉紧的) 例：The atmosphere was tense during the meeting.（会议期间气氛紧张) 词性转换 形容词：tense(核心)、副词：tensely(紧张地；焦虑地) 高频搭配 名词：reduce tension(减少紧张)、racial tension(种族紧张) 形容词：tense situation(紧张局势)、tense relationship(紧张的关系) 易混辨析 tension vs stress:前者侧重“人与人之间、群体之间的外部紧张关系或局 势”；后者侧重“个体感受到的精神压力或负担”，例work stress(工作压力) 5 7.senior 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：高级的；资深的（职位、级别）：年长的；年级 较高的（年龄、年级） 常用搭配：senior manager(高级经理)、senior students(高年级学生) 名词(n,高频核心)：上司；长辈；高年级学生 例：He is m则senior by two years.(他比我年长两岁) 词性转换 名词：seniority(资历；年长)、反义词：junior(初级的；年少的：晚辈) 例：seniority system(资历制度) 高频搭配 形容词：senior leadership(高级领导层)、senior year(毕业班) 名词：respect seniors(尊敬长辈)、senior in age(年长的) 易混辨析 senior vs superior:前者侧重“资历或年级较高”；后者侧重“地位或质量 更优”，例superior quality(更优质量) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：35-39 AGDEB 1.35.A (But it's not limited to negotiation situations.) 考点：上下文逻辑衔接+转折关系 语境：前文提出“有经验的谈判者知道要求更多的人会得到更多”，后文列举“求助或获得高层 批准重要项目”等场景，说明该原则不仅适用于谈判。 辨析：A项“但它不仅限于谈判场景”通过转折引出适用范围扩展，与后文“any important communication opportunity”呼应：其他选项中F虽提到“直接提出要求有益”，但未体现从 “谈判”到“其他场景”的过渡，A更符合逻辑。 2.36.G (There is a good chance that they will be slightly uncertain about what to do.) 考点：上下文语义衔接+代词指代 语境：前文指出“如果你向某人解释情况，这可能是他们第一次思考该问题”，后文接“你的要 求会成为他们最终决策的基础”，说明对方最初可能不确定如何做。 辨析：G项“他们很可能对该做什么有点不确定”中“they”指代前文“someone”,“uncertain” 与后文“your asking acts as a base”形成“不确定→以要求为基础决策”的逻辑链；G项中 的“slightly uncertain”与后文“base for decision”完美衔接。 3.37.D (And this is the best final driver of your personal trustworthiness. 考点：段落总结+词汇呼应 语境：本段核心为“明确自己的需求能让你看起来更可靠(reliable)”,前文提到“提出解决方 案会迫使你深入思考，提高最终成果质量”，此处需总结该行为对可信度的影响。 辨析：D项“这是个人可信度的最佳最终驱动力”中“this”指代前文“figuring out what to recommend..improve the quality”,“trustworthiness”与前文“reliable”同义替换，形成段落 结论。 4.38.E (Think of the times that someone has approached you for a request.) 6 考点：举例论证+上下文对比 语境：前文指出“明确提出要求能让对方放松”，后文描述“你知道他们想要什么但不直奔主题， 你会越来越不舒服”，此处需通过举例引出反面情况。 辨析：E项“想想有人向你提出请求的那些时候”以第二人称视角举例，与后文“you feel more and more uncomfortable”形成“他人不直接→你不适”的具体场景，为前文“明确要求让人 放松”提供反证。 5.39.B (You do run the risk of getting a quick rejection.) 考点：上下文逻辑转折+语义对比 语境：后文“但如果最终还是会被拒绝，早点失败比晚点好”中“bt”提示前文应提到“被拒 绝”的风险，形成转折关系。 辨析：B项“你确实有快速被拒绝的风险”直接点出“rejection”,与后文“end up with a no anyway”呼应，构成“有风险→但早点拒绝更好”的让步转折逻辑；C项“我们倾向于高估被 拒绝的可能性”虽提到“rejection”,但后文未涉及“高估”的对比，B更贴合“承认风险→转 折说明好处”的结构。