阅读理解34-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选34 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读单选/选择4题（约460词） ·核心知识点：社会问题与社会现象、议论文、人工智能 。考查重点：推理判断、词义猜测、主旨理解、细节理解 材料剖析 。文章结构：提出人形机器人潜力→揭示技术现状与问题→指出核心问题并强调改进必 要性→提出技术改进方向→举例说明实践→升华对机器人角色的认知 。论证方法：问题解决方案例证-升华 。主旨：人工智能技术需要更加包容性设计，以满足残障人士需求 阅读理解短文 In the real world,we believe humanoid robots(人形机器人)represent one of the most exciting emerging applications of generative AI(gen AI).Specifically,we see their potential to break through some of the most longstanding barriers to inclusion faced by people with disabilities sooner or later. But there's still a serious gap between these new technologies'very real promise and their abilities to deliver.Through a survey,we are able to look at 5,042 responses specific to those who identify as having a disability or mental problems.Among these respondents,39%feel annoyed by technology's inability to accurately understand their intentions.That compares with 28%of non-disabled individuals.About half of persons with disabilities believe that technology places too much responsibility on them to adapt,rather than adapting to their specific requirements.This is the case,even though 52%of people with disabilities see the potential of gen AI to enhance their performance in areas like creativity,relationship building,and idea generation. The major issue is a lack of inclusivity in the development of existing and emerging AI tech- nologies.However,it's not too late to course-correct.If ever there were a time to take the disability community's slogan(口号)，"Nothing about us without us,”to heart,now is that time. For gen AI-powered tools to do what we expect and want them to do,they need to have flexible,customizable interaction capabilities.To have that,they need to reflect input from the broadest possible range of humanity.This means that designers should think of inclusivity as an essential design feature,rather than as an after-the-fact modification.Translated into practice,it means asking disabled people to bring their experiences and insights to bear when developing and examining applications of new technologies. Euphonia,a project which aims at enhancing speech recognition for people with speech damage, offers an example of just this sort of training.Euphonia is now helping a former football player 2 Tim Shaw regain his ability to communicate with others.It can interpret his directions and signal tasks accordingly.It can also "read back"what he tells it in a voice that is remarkably similar to the voice he once had,which is possible in part because it uses a large amount of Tim's early voice s to train its tools In the past,people generally considered robots as a distinct tool created to help people.Now, we can begin to consider them more as an extension of a person.The key will be to close the gap between making an experience inclusive and designing an inclusive experience. 题目选项列表 1.What can we infer from the survey in Paragraph 2? A.Disabled people usually avoid using gen Al. B.Non-disabled people have few gen AI problems. C.Gen AI neglects idea generation of disabled people. D.Gen AI is not user-friendly enough for disabled people. 2.The author quotes "nothing about us without us"to stress that A.users'feedback on technologies often gets ignored B.users'requirements count in designing technologies C.users'advice boosts the development of technologies D.users'wishes reflect the improvement of technologies 3.What does the word"modification"underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Limitation. B.Creation C.Adaptation. D.Communication. 4.The author takes the example of Euphonia to show A.technology can communicate with disabled people B.technology can enhance disabled people's life quality C.technology can examine inclusivity through interaction D.technology can achieve inclusivity for disabled people 3 核心词汇详解 1.inclusion 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：包容；包含：被包含的人或物 核心含义一是”包容：包容性”（社会、技术等场景），例disability inclusion (残疾包容)： 二是”包含：包括”（抽象概念），例the inclusion of new data(新数据的纳 入)： 三是”被包含的人或物”，例social inclusions(社会包容群体) 词性转换 形容词：inclusive(包容的：范围广泛的)，常用搭配inclusive design(包容 性设计) 例：inclusive of sth.（包含某物) 高频搭配 barriers to inclusion(包容障碍)、social inclusion(社会包容) 固定表达：inclusion policy(包容政策) 2.barrier 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：障碍；壁垒；障碍物；关卡 核心含义一是”障碍；壁垒”（抽象，如技术、社会障碍），例barriers to inclusion(包容障碍)： 二是”障碍物；屏障”（具体），例language barrier(语言障碍)、sound barrier (音障)： 三是”关卡；检票口”，例ticket barrier(检票口) 词性转换 无直接动词形式，相关词：bar(阻挡) 高频搭配 break down barriers(打破障碍)、remove barriers(消除障碍) 固定表达：trade barrier(贸易壁垒) 3.inability 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：无能力；不能 核心含义是”无能力；不能”，侧重”缺乏某种能力”，常用搭配inability to do sth.(无法做某事) 例：inability to understand intentions（无法理解意图) 词性转换 反义词：ability(能力)，例ability to adapt(适应能力) 高频搭配 due to inability(由于无法)、inability to cope(无法应对) 4.customizable 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：可定制的：可调整的 核心含义是”可定制的；可调整的”，侧重”根据需求修改”，例customizable interaction capabilities(可定制交互功能) 词性转换 动词：customize(定制；定做)，例customize tools(定制工具) 名词：customization（定制；个性化)，例product customization(产品定 制) 高频搭配 customizable interface(可定制界面)、highly customizable(高度可定制) 5.modification 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：修改；变更 核心含义是”修改；变更”，侧重”对现有事物的调整”，例after-the-fact mod- fication(事后修改) 例：technical modification（技术改造) 词性转换 动词：modify(修改；调整)，例modify a design(修改设计) 高频搭配 make modifications(进行修改)、minor modification(小修改) 6.enhance 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：提高；增强；改善 核心含义是”提高；增强；改善”，侧重”提升质量或效果”，例enhance per-. formance(提升表现) 例：enhance life quality(改善生活质量） 词性转换 名词：enhancement(增强；改进)，例performance enhancement(性能提 升) 高频搭配 enhance efficiency(提高效率)、enhance reputation(提升声誉) 7.interpret 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：解释；理解；口译；演绎 核心含义一是”解释；理解”（抽象，如意图、指令），例interpret directions (解读指令)； 二是”口译；翻译”（具体语言)，例interpret speeches(口译演讲)： 三是”演绎；演奏（艺术领域)，例interpret a song(演绎歌曲) 词性转换 名词：interpretation(解释；口译)，例different interpretations(不同解读) 高频搭配 interpret data(解释数据)、interpret the law(解释法律) 5 8.extension 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：延伸；扩展；延期：扩展名 核心含义一是”延伸；扩展”（抽象，如能力、范围），例extension of a person (人的延伸)： 二是”延期；延长部分”（具体），例extension of time(时间延长)： 三是”扩展名”（计算机领域），例file extension(文件扩展名) 词性转换 动词：extend(延伸；延长)，例extend a deadline(延长截止日期) 高频搭配 phone extension(电话分机)、extension cord(延长线) 9.regain 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：重新获得；恢复 核心含义是”重新获得；恢复”，侧重”失而复得”，例regain ability to com- municate(恢复沟通能力) 例：regain control（重新掌控) 词性转换 无直接名词形式，相关词：recovery(恢复) 高频搭配 regain consciousness(恢复意识)、regain confidence(重获信心) 近义词辨析 recover(恢复健康)、retrieve(找回丢失物) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34DBCD 1.D (Gen AI is not user-friendly enough for disabled people. 考点：推理判断题 语境：第二段提到39%的残障人士因技术无法准确理解其意图而感到困扰（非残障人士仅28%）， 约半数残障人士认为技术将过多适应责任推给他们，而非主动适配其需求。尽管52%的残障人 士认可生成式A虹在创意、社交和想法生成等方面的潜力，但数据显示技术未能充分满足他们的 使用需求。 辨析：A项”残障人士通常避免使用生成式AI”与”52%认可其潜力”矛盾；B项”非残障人士 几乎没有生成式A虹问题”过于绝对，28%仍存在问题；C项”生成式AI忽视残障人士的想法 生成”与原文”认可其在想法生成方面的潜力”不符：D项”生成式AI对残障人士不够友好”符 合”技术未能适配需求”的结论。 2.B (users'requirements count in designing technologies) 考点：推理判断题 语境：第三段指出当前AI技术发展缺乏包容性，引用"Nothing about us without us”(没有我 们的参与，就没有关于我们的事)是为了强调残障群体在技术设计中的必要性。后文进一步说 明”设计者应将包容性视为核心设计特征”，需让残障人士参与技术开发。 辨析：该口号强调”用户参与”的重要性，即用户需求在设计中不可忽视。A项”用户反馈常被 6 忽视”是现状问题，而非引用目的：C项”用户建议促进技术发展”和D项”用户愿望反映技术 进步”偏离核心，口号重点是”需求应被纳入设计”，而非结果层面的促进或反映。 3.C (Adaptation.) 考点：词义猜测题 语境：第四段提到”设计者应将包容性视为基本设计特征，而非事后的modification”,”rather than”提示前后为对比关系，”essential design feature”(核心设计特征)对应”after-the-fact”(事 后的)动作，即包容性不应是设计完成后才进行的调整。 辨析：A项”Limitation(限制)”、B项Creation(创造)”、D项”Communication(交流)” 均不符合”事后调整”的含义；C项”Adaptation(适应；调整)”与”设计完成后修改以适配需 求”的语境一致。 4.D (technology can achieve inclusivity for disabled people) 考点：推理判断题 语境：第四段提出”需让残障人士参与技术开发以实现包容性”，第五段以Euphonia为例：通 过训练残障人士（如Tim Shaw)的语音数据，帮助其恢复交流能力，呼应前文”包容性设计需 用户参与”的观点。 辨析：A项”技术能与残障人士交流”是例子的表面现象；B项”技术提升残障人士生活质量” 是结果之一，但非举例目的；C项”技术通过互动检验包容性”无中生有；D项”技术能为残障 人士实现包容性”符合例子作为”包容性设计实践”的论证逻辑，即通过用户参与训练实现技术 对残障人士的适配。