阅读理解33-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选33 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约380词) 核心知识点：科普知识、环境保护、说明文 。考查重点：段落主旨、细节理解、作者态度推断 材料剖析 。文章结构：气象气球环境问题引入→问题详细阐述→研究发现→改进措施→作者评 价 ·发展线索：具体案例（信天翁被困）→全球问题概述→研究数据支持→应对措施→ 未来展望 。写作特点：由具体到抽象，由现象到本质，采用”问题-分析-解决”结构 阅读理解短文 One day in the fall of 2023,a young Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross was lying listless in south- eastern Brazil's Santos Basin.Beach monitors found the young bird in the sand,weak and dying. The cause of the albatross's disaster was evident:it was caught in a weather balloon,which,sadly, is just one instance of a bigger environmental headache. Globally,hundreds of thousands of weather balloons are launched into the sky every year, and the majority are never recovered.Instead,their waste-a mix of latex,cotton and plastics -remains in marine ecosystems for years.And because only a small percentage of dead animals wash ashore,the impact is likely worse than the numbers suggest.The root of this mounting trouble lies in the very nature of how weather balloons operate.Weather balloons are used to get high-altitude (data like air temperature and pressure.Once a balloon has travelled up about 21 miles and its volume has grown 100-fold,it explodes,shooting pieces in all directions. Australian researchers at the Tangaroa Blue Foundation first flagged the problem of weather- balloon garbage a decade ago.Over 21 months,they collected 2,460 pieces of weather-balloon litter around the Great Barrier Reef.The researchers estimated that up to 70 percent of Australia's weather balloons end up in the ocean.One study notes that while some of the materials used in weather balloons are considered biodegradable,much of it is not breaking down quickly. Some companies have produced special materials now made from plant-based fiber designed to weaken much faster than previous cotton versions.But the new models are 20 to 30 percent more expensive.Despite the higher cost,weather bureaus ()have started to reduce the impact by trying out more sustainable balloons and switching from white to blue balloons,which marine 2 animals may be less likely to mistake for food.Some agencies also announced they would be testing drones(无人机)to collect weather data,which are recoverable. Weather agencies aren't trialing these new devices only because they're more sustainable;they also want better data.For now,though,balloons still fly much higher than drones,so they remain an important data-collecting tool.Lower-impact versions would at least be a small improvement for the ocean's animals. 题目选项列表 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A.The functions of weather balloons B.The problems of using weather balloons. C.The composition of weather balloon waste. D.The difficulty of weather balloon recycling. 2.What can we learn about weather balloons? A.Weather balloon waste can hardly break down. B.New versions of weather balloons are being tried. C.Weather balloons cause the death of most sea animals. D.Drones are better in collecting data than weather balloons. 3.What does the author think of the changes mentioned in the passage? A.Valuable but risky. B.Exciting and hopeful. C.Necessary and reliable D.Promising but incomplete. 核心词汇详解 1.biodegradable 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：可生物降解的，指物质能被微生物分解为无害物 质，常用于环保语境 例：biodegradable materials（可生物降解材料) 词性转换 动词：biodegrade(生物降解) 名词：biodegradation(生物降解过程) 高频搭配 biodegradable plastics(可生物降解塑料)、biodegradable packaging(可生 物降解包装) 易混辨析 biodegradable vs degradable:前者强调通过生物作用降解，后者泛指可 降解，范围更广 3 2.sustainable 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：可持续的：不破坏环境的：能维持的 例：sustainable development(可持续发展) 词性转换 动词：sustain(维持；支撑；遭受) 名词：sustainability（可持续性) 副词：sustainably(可持续地) 高频搭配 sustainable development(可持续发展)、sustainable energy(可持续能源) 易混辨析 sustainable vs continuous:前者强调长期可持续且不破坏环境，后者仅 描述时间连续性 3.marine 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：海洋的：海生的，专指与海洋相关的事物 例：marine life(海洋生物)、marine ecosystem(海洋生态系统) 词性转换 名词：maritime(海事的；海运的) 高频搭配 marine biology(海洋生物学)、marine pollution(海洋污染) 易混辨析 marine vs oceanic:前者强调与海洋生物、生态相关，后者侧重海洋本身 4.drone 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：无人机，指无人驾驶的飞行器 例：drone technology(无人机技术) 词性转换 动词(v,补充)：嗡嗡作响；低沉地说 高频搭配 recoverable drone(可回收无人机)、drone data collection(无人机数据收集) 易混辨析 drone vs aircraft: 前者特指无人驾驶飞行器，后者泛指航空器 5.ecosystem 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：生态系统，指生物群落与其环境形成的统一整体 例：marine ecosystem（海洋生态系统) 词性转换 形容词：ecological(生态的) 名词：ecology(生态学) 副词：ecologically(生态上) 高频搭配 ecosystem balance(生态系统平衡)、destroy the ecosystem(破坏生态系统) 易混辨析 ecosystem vs environment:前者强调生物与环境相互作用的系统，后者 泛指周围环境 4 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：28-30BBD 1.B (The problems of using weather balloons) 考点：段落主旨归纳 语境逻辑：第二段首句指出”全球每年发射数十万只气象气球，大多数未被回收”，随后说明其 废弃物在海洋生态系统中留存多年，且因动物尸体冲上岸的比例低，实际影响可能更严重。整 段围绕气象气球使用带来的环境问题展开。 选项辨析：A项”气象气球的功能”对应第三段首句，非第二段内容：C项”气象气球废弃物的 成分”仅为问题的一部分，非段落主旨：D项”气象气球回收的困难”未提及，第二段强调的是 未回收导致的后果。只有B项”使用气象气球的问题”能概括全段核心。 2.B (New versions of weather balloons are being tried) 考点：细节信息理解与判断 语境逻辑：文中提到”一些公司生产了基于植物纤维的特殊材料，比之前的棉质版本降解更快” 气象局已开始尝试更可持续的气球”一些机构宣布将测试无人机收集气象数据”，说明新版本 的气象气球正在被试用。 选项辨析：A项”气象气球废弃物几乎无法分解”与原文”一些材料被认为可生物降解，但很多 分解不迅速”不符；C项”气象气球导致大多数海洋动物死亡”过于绝对，原文仅说影响可能比 数据显示更严重，未提”大多数”；D项”无人机比气象气球更擅长收集数据”与”目前气球飞得 比无人机高，仍是重要数据收集工具”矛盾。只有B项正确。 3.D (Promising but incomplete) 考点：作者态度推断 语境逻辑：作者肯定了”尝试更可持续的气球、改用蓝色气球、测试无人机”等变化，认为”低 影响版本至少对海洋动物是一个小的改善”，体现出”有希望”；同时指出”目前气球仍是重要数 据收集工具”，说明这些变化尚未完全解决问题，体现”不完整”。 选项辨析：A项”有价值但有风险”未提”风险”；B项”令人兴奋且充满希望”未体现”不完 整”；C项”必要且可靠”中”可靠”无依据，无人机等仍在测试阶段。只有D项”有希望但不完 整”符合作者态度。