阅读理解24-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选24 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选(3题，全文约460词) 核心知识点：信息技术、说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·文章结构：食品标签历史→网络内容标签类比→研究发现内容标签作用→完善标签 功能→专家观点总结 。论证方式：类比论证（食品标签vs网络内容标签） ·主旨：强调对网页内容进行标签化分类的必要性 阅读理解短文 In the early 1900s,an American chemist named Harvey W.Wiley led the famous "Poison Squad”experiment..His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated(未经监管的)food additives and raised public awareness about the importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However,it wasn't until nearly 90 years later that companies in the U.S.began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes,cans,and bags that lined grocery store shelves. Fast-forward to today,and it's hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels.Yet.when we surf the Internet -another essential marketplace in our lives -we often absorb vast amounts of digital information without any understanding of its emotional or mental "nutritional value."But what if every webpage came with a content label? A study we conducted,published today in Nature Human Behavior,revealed that individuals with poorer mental health tended to seek out more negative and frightening content online.This, in turn,worsened their symptoms,creating a destructive cycle.To break this cycle,we introduced content labels that provided users with emotional "nutrition information"about the websites they were about to visit.Would this webpage make you feel better or worse?Was it full of negativity, or was it likely to brighten your mood?When users were shown these labels on the search engine results page,they were far less likely to click on negative content.As a result,this led to improved mood after browsing(浏览). However,it's important to note that you wouldn't want people to make decisions solely based on the emotional tone of a website.Staying informed about the world-despite the potential for sadness or anxiety-is often essential.To address this,we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website's emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, 2 helpfulness,and ability of the information to enhance understanding.These scores,displayed on the search engine results page,are calculated using a machine learning algorithm (trained on thousands of human assessments. Anne-Linda Camerini,a researcher specializing in digital media and mental health,pointed out that while much of the focus on mental health and technology has been on limiting screen time,the type of content we consume is just as critical.This shift could transform the conversation around mental health and technology.Instead of framing the Internet as inherently harmful,content labels offer a way to create a healthier digital experience.Just as nutrition labels empower people to make better food choices,content labels could enable users to make smarter,healthier decisions online. 题目选项列表 1.32.What does the author intend to do by mentioning Harvey's studies? A.Make a comparison. B.Illustrate a point. C.Suggest an alternative. D.Challenge an assumption 2.33.According to the passage,how do content labels aim to create a healthier digital experience? A.By encouraging users to avoid the Internet altogether. B.By showing emotional tone and website usefulness. C.By training users to spend less time online. D.By restricting access to negative content. 3.34.What is the purpose of this passage? A.To stress the necessity of categorizing webpages. B.To suggest new solutions to mental health problems. C.To criticize social media sites for spreading negativity. D.To highlight the importance of regulating online content. 核心词汇详解 1.additive 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：添加剂（食品、化学制品中为改善性能添加的物质） 常用搭配：food additives(食品添加剂) The study revealed dangers of unregulated additives 词性转换 动词：add(添加；增加)，高考常用搭配add to(增添)、add up(合计) 形容词：addictive(使人上瘾的)，例addictive drugs(成瘾性药物) 名词：addition(增加；加法)，常用搭配in addition(此外) 高频搭配 food additives(食品添加剂)、chemical additives(化学添加剂) 易混辨析 additive vs addition:additive特指”添加到物质中的成分”；addition泛 指”增加的人或事物”或数学中的”加法” 3 2.disclose 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：公开；透露；披露（尤指此前保密的信息） 常用搭配：disclose information(披露信息) Companies began disclosing ingredients nearly 90 years later. 词性转换 名词：disclosure(公开：披露；被公开的信息)，例full disclosure(完全公 开) 形容词：disclosable(可公开的；可披露的)，例disclosable details(可公开 的细节) 高频搭配 disclose the truth(揭露真相)、disclose details(披露细节) 易混辨析 disclose vs reveal:disclose强调”主动或按要求公开原本保密的信息”； reveal侧重”使隐藏的事物显露出来” 3.nutritional 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：营养的；与营养有关的 常用搭配：nutritional value(营养价值) 例：emotional or mental nutritional value 词性转换 名词：nutrition(营养；营养学)，高考常用搭配balanced nutrition(均衡 营养) 副词：nutritionally(在营养方面)，例nutritionally balanced meals(营养 均衡的膳食) 名词：nutrient(营养素；营养物)，例essential nutrients(必需营养素) 高频搭配 nutritional value(营养价值)、nutritional information(营养信息) 易混辨析 nutritional vs nutritious:nutritional侧重”与营养相关的”；nutritious 侧重”富含营养的 4.destructive 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：破坏性的：毁灭性的 常用搭配：destructive cycle(恶性循环) 例：creating a destructive cycle 词性转换 动词：destroy(破坏；摧毁)，高考常用搭配destroy the environment(破 坏环境) 名词：destruction(破坏；毁灭)，例the destruction of forests(森林的破 坏) 副词：destructively(破坏性地；毁灭性地)，例act destructively(采取破 坏行动) 高频搭配 destructive cycle(恶性循环)、destructive force(破坏力) 易混辨析 destructive vs constructive:前者”破坏性的”；后者”建设性的”，例 constructive suggestions(建设性建议) 5.plugin 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：插件：外挂程序（增强软件功能的附加组件） 常用搭配：develop a plugin(开发插件) we developed a plugin that provides users with labels 词性转换 (无常见高中核心词性转换，该词为科技类名词，侧重识记原形) 高频搭配 browser plugin(浏览器插件)、search engine plugin(搜索引擎插件) 易混辨析 plugin vs program:plugin特指”为增强主程序功能而附加的小程序”； program泛指”计算机程序” 6.algorithm 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：算法；运算法则（计算机解题的步骤流程） 常用搭配：machine learning algorithm(机器学习算法) scores are calculated using a machine learning algorithm 词性转换 (无常见高中核心词性转换，该词为科技类专业名词，侧重识记原形) 高频搭配 machine learning algorithm(机器学习算法)、search algorithm(搜索算法) 易混辨析 algorithm vs formula:algorithm指”解决复杂问题的一系列步骤”；for- mula指”公式；方程式” 5 7.practicality 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：实用性；实际性 常用搭配：scores indicating practicality(表明实用性的分数) scores indicating the practicality,helpfulness... 词性转换 形容词：practical(实际的；实用的)，高考常用搭配practical experience (实践经验) 副词：practically(实际上；几乎)，例practically impossible(几乎不可能) 动词：practice(练习；实践)，常用搭配practice doing sth.(练习做某事) 高频搭配 the practicality of sth.(某物的实用性)、lack of practicality(缺乏实用性) 易混辨析 practicality vs practice:practicality侧重”事物的实用性”；practice侧 重”练习；实践” 8.usefulness 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)有用性；效用 常用搭配：scores indicating usefulness(表明有用性的分数) scores indicating the practicality,helpfulness,and ability... 词性转换 形容词：useful(有用的；有益的)，高考常用搭配be useful for(对…有 用) 副词：usefully(有用地；有帮助地)，例usefully applied(得到有效应用) 反义词：useless(无用的：无效的)，例useless advice(无用的建议) 高频搭配 the usefulness of sth.(某物的有用性)、practical usefulness(实际效用) 易混辨析 usefulness vs utility:前者”有用性”；后者”功用；效用”，更正式 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：32B33B34A 1.32.B (Illustrate a point.) 考点：写作手法推断 语境逻辑：文章首段提到Harvey Wiley的Poison Squad”实验揭示了未经监管食品添加剂的 危害，推动了食品成分标签的出现。第二段转而提出”如果每个网页都有内容标签会怎样”的问 题，第三、四段详细介绍内容标签的研究和作用。可见作者提及Harvey的研究是为了通过食品 标签的先例，类比引出网络内容标签的必要性，即”阐明观点”。 辨析：A.Make a comparison(作比较)侧重对比差异，而此处是用已知案例引出新观点：C. Suggest an alternative(提出替代方案)、D.Challenge an assumption(质疑假设)均与语境不 符，文章未涉及替代或质疑。 2.33.B (By showing emotional tone and website usefulness.) 考点：细节信息查找 6 语境逻辑：第三段提到内容标签提供”emotional'nutrition information”,第四段补充”scores indicating the practicality,helpfulness,and ability of the information to enhance understanding", 即情感基调与实用性等评分。 辨析：A.avoid the Internet(完全避免上网)与文中"staying informed..is often essential'”矛 盾；C.spend less time online(减少上网时间)是Anne-Linda Camerini提到的传统关注焦点， 而非内容标签的作用；D.restricting access(限制访问)文中未提及，标签仅起提示作用，不限 制访问。 3.34.A (To stress the necessity of categorizing webpages.) 考点：主旨大意概括 语境逻辑：全文通过食品标签类比，介绍网络内容标签的研究（显示负面内容对心理健康的影 响)、设计（情感基调+实用性评分）及意义（帮助用户做出更健康的在线选择），核心是强调 对网页内容进行标签化分类的必要性。 辨析：B.new solutions to mental health problems(心理健康新解决方案)范围过大，文章聚 焦于网络内容标签这一具体措施；C.criticize social media(批评社交媒体)非重点，文章未批 判平台，而是提出建设性方案；D.regulating online content(监管网络内容)侧重外部管控，而 文中”content labels empower people'”强调用户自主选择，并非监管。