阅读理解19-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选19 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约440词) 核心知识点：社会问题与社会现象、说明文、人工智能 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·文章结构：第一段引出AI风险讨论的分歧问题，提出核心观点；第二至四段分别介绍末 日论者、改革者和战士派三个群体的观点；第五段总结并提出解决建议。 核心观点：A虹技术快速发展但未形成风险共识，不同群体的冲突可能误导立法者和公众， 阻碍有效监管：理解分歧动机对解决AI社会影响至关重要。 阅读理解短文 Experts frequently warn about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence(AI).Sadly,the rapid advancement of Al technology in recent years has not led to a common understanding of its risks,as it should have.Actually,beneath the surface of AI discussions lies conflict among divided groups,which may mislead lawmakers and the public and prevent competent regulatory measures. Understanding the motivations behind these differing views is crucial to addressing AI's societal impact. The loudest perspective is a frightening vision from doomsayers(末日论者)，who present AI as a threat to human existence,capable of wiping out life and controlling everything.This doomsaying is heightened by influential tech figures using tools like ChatGPT to shape the conversation.Some in this group focus on extreme disastrous risks and emphasize the distant future implications of our actions.While many doomsayers claim they are reasonable,their exaggerated concerns about hypothetical ()existential risks amount to a misguided bet with humanity's future.Tech- nology historian David Brock calls such fears "wishful worries"-that is,problems that it would be nice to have,in contrast to the actual struggles of the present. While doomsayers focus on the distant future,reformers focus on immediate issues.They view AI reform as a matter of integrity,urging Big Tech to prioritize the public good over profit.These experts advocate for regulators to address current harms caused by AI,such as misinformation, monitoring,and algorithmic (unfairness.They propose initiatives like civil education for AI literacy and the design of human-centered systems to fight growing societal inequalities. Warriors,another group,describe AI through the language of national security and competi- tiveness.Their views benefit some tech giants and government agencies.Top AI firms seek costly 2 regulations that they claim guard against crime and terrorism,which could secure their market dominance and limit startup competition.Governments,tightly connected to these firms,may prioritize defense applications over moral concerns,leading to regulatory blind spots. In conclusion,the differing viewpoints on AI underline the complexity of addressing its societal impact.To minimize potential harms and ensure that AI serves the public interest.it is crucial to strengthen legal frameworks that close existing gaps and hold corporations accountable.Ex- panding regulatory strategies can help restrict corporate overreach and foster transparency in AI development.Publicly directed projects can counterbalance corporate influence,ensuring that AI benefits society as a whole.By prioritizing accountability and collective welfare,we can shape a future where AI empowers everyone,not just a select few. 题目选项列表 31.What is the consequence of diverse points of view on AI? A.Enhancing our ability to tackle AI issues. B.Advancing the standardization of AI guidelines. C.Delaying the creation of effective AI regulations. D.Breaking the integrity of current AI legal framework. 32.The author quotes David Brock's words in order to A.prove that AI has positive impacts B.confirm that doomsayers'worries are justified C.suggest that the concerns over AI are overstated D.show that current struggles have serious outcomes 33.What can be inferred from the passage? A.A publicly directed AI project will ultimately empower the select few. B.Reformers advocate human-centered AI systems to gain personal profits. C.Warriors pursue dominance in national security by improving AI morally. D.Lawmakers should toughen rules limiting corporate influence for public good. 34.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.The Battle over AI:Power and Benefit B.Perspectives on AI:Individualism or Collectivism C.The Argument about AI:Reformers vs.Doomsayers D.Debates on the Future of Al:Innovation or Regulation 3 核心词汇详解 1.regulatory 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：管理的；监管的（多用于官方机构或政策场景) 常用搭配：regulatory measures(监管措施)、regulatory frameworks(监管 框架) 名词(n,高中略考)：制定规章的过程；规章的制定者 例：the regulatory（监管机构，需加定冠词) 词性转换 动词：regulate(管理；控制；调节) 名词：regulation(规则；规章)、regulator(监管者；调节器) 副词：regulatorily(从监管角度；按照规章地) 高频搭配 regulatory authority(监管当局)、regulatory compliance(合规性)、regulatory gap(监管空白)、regulatory blind spot(监管盲点) 易混辨析 regulatory(adj.)vs regulatory(n.):作形容词时修饰名词，表“具有 监管性质的”；作名词时特指“监管机构或过程”。 regulation vs regulatory:regulation是具体的“规则条文”，为可数名 词；regulatory是形容词，强调“与监管相关的”。 2.existential 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：存在的；关于存在的（哲学或抽象语境）：生存 的；关乎生死的 常用搭配：existential risks(存在性风险)、existential crisis(生存危机) 名词(n,高中略考)：存在主义（哲学流派） 例：existential philosophy（存在主义哲学) 词性转换 动词：exist(存在；生存) 名词：existence(存在；生存) 副词：existentially(从存在角度；生存上地) 高频搭配 existential threat(生存威胁)、existential question(存在问题)、existential fear(生存恐惧)、existential impact(根本性影响) 易混辨析 existential vs existing:xistential强调“与存在本质相关的，根本性的”； existing侧重“目前存在的，现存的”。 existential vs essential:existential关乎“存在本身的必要性”；essential 指“本质的，必不可少的”。 3.algorithm 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：算法；计算程序（计算机或数学场景）；运算法则 常用搭配：algorithmic fairness(算法公平性)、sorting algorithm(排序算 法) 形容词(adj,高中略考)：算法的：与算法相关的 例：algorithmic bias(算法偏见) 词性转换 形容词：algorithmic（算法的) 副词：algorithmically(通过算法；用算法方式) 名词：algorism(阿拉伯数字系统，冷门考点) 高频搭配 machine learning algorithm(机器学习算法)、search algorithm(搜索算法)、 algorithmic system(算法系统)、algorithmic monitoring（算法监控) 易混辨析 algorithm vs calculation:algorithm是“解决问题的固定步骤或程序”， 侧重系统性；calculation是“具体的计算行为或结果”。 algorithmic vs digital:algorithmic强调“由算法驱动的”；digital指“数 字的，与电子设备相关的”。 4.misinformation 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：错误信息；虚假信息（侧重无意传播的不实内容）：误 导性信息 常用搭配：spread misinformation(传播错误信息)、health misinformation (健康误导信息) 动词(v.,高中略考)：misinform(误传；提供错误信息) 例：misinform the public（误导公众) 词性转换 动词：misinform(告知错误信息；误导) 形容词：misinformative(提供错误信息的) 副词：misinformatively(误导地；错误地告知) 高频搭配 combat misinformation(打击错误信息)、social media misinformation(社交 媒体错误信息)、political misinformation(政治虚假信息)、misinformation campaign(虚假信息宣传) 易混辨析 misinformation vs disinformation:misinformation指“无意传播的错 误信息”；disinformation指“故意编造的虚假信息”。 misinformation vs misunderstanding:misinformation是“错误的信 息内容”；misunderstanding是“对信息的误解”。 5 5.transparency 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：透明度；透明性（物理或抽象语境）；公开性；坦诚 常用搭配：foster transparency(促进透明度)、government transparency(政 府透明度) 形容词(adj.,高中略考)：transparent(透明的；清晰的) 例：transparent glass(透明玻璃) 词性转换 形容词：transparent(透明的；公开的) 副词：transparently(透明地；公开地) 动词：transparence(透明化；使透明，冷门考点) 高频搭配 corporate transparency(企y业透明度)、transparency in AI development(AI 开发透明度)、financial transparency(财务透明度)、lack of transparency (缺乏透明度) 易混辨析 transparency vs clarity:transparency侧重“信息的公开可查”；clarity 侧重“内容的清晰易懂”。 transparent vs obvious:transparent强调“不隐藏，易于看穿”；obvious 指“显而易见，无需解释”。 6.accountability 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：责任；问责制（强调对行为后果负责） 常用搭配：hold sb.accountable(追究某人责任)、public accountability(公 共问责) 形容词(adj,延伸)：accountable(负有责任的) 例：be accountable for（对…负责) 词性转换 形容词：accountable(负有责任的) 动词：account(解释；说明) 副词：accountably(有责任地) 高频搭配 corporate accountability(企y业责任)、lack of accountability(缺乏问责)、 demand accountability(要求问责) 易混辨析 accountability vs responsibility:accountability强调“对后果负责，可 被追究”；responsibility指“职责或义务”。 accountable vs responsible:accountable侧重“外部问责”；responsible 侧重“内部职责”。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34CCDA 6 31.C (Delaying the creation of effective AI regulations) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：第一段明确提到“beneath the surface of AI discussions lies conflict among divided groups,which may mislead lawmakers and the public and prevent competent regulatory mea- surs”,即不同群体的冲突可能误导立法者和公众，阻碍有效的监管措施。 选项辨析：C“Delaying the creation of effective Al regulations”(延迟有效的AI法规制定) 与原文“prevent competent regulatory measures'”(阻碍有效的监管措施)意思一致；A、B为 积极影响，与原文冲突；D“破坏现有法律框架完整性”未提及，原文强调的是阻碍新法规的制 定，而非破坏现有框架。 32.C (suggest that the concerns over AI are overstated) 考点：推理判断题 语境逻辑：第二段提到末日论者“exaggerated concerns about hypothetical existential risks amount to a misguided bet”,随后引用David Brock的“wishful worries”解释为“problems that it would be nice to have,in contrast to the actual struggles of the present”,，即这些担忧 是假设性的，与当下实际问题相比并不重要。 选项辨析：引用目的是支持前文观点“exaggerated concerns'”(过度担忧)，选项C“suggest that the concerns over AI are overstated”(表明对AI的担忧被夸大)符合；A“证明AI有积 极影响”未提及：B“确认末日论者的担忧合理”与原文相反；D“表明当下问题有严重后果” 与引用内容无关，引用强调的是末日论者担忧的非现实性。 33.D(Lawmakers should toughen rules limiting corporate influence for public good) 考点：推理判断题 语境逻辑：最后一段指出“strengthen legal frameworks that close existing gaps and hold corpora tions accountable""restrict corporate overreach""Publicly directed projects can counterbalance corporate influence”,即需要加强法律框架、限制企业越权、平衡企业影响力以确保AI服务公 众利益。 选项辨析：D“Lawmakers should toughen rules limiting corporate influence for public good”(立 法者应强化限制企业影响力的规则以维护公共利益)与原文呼吁一致；A“公共主导项目最终会 赋予少数人权力”与原文“ensure that AI benefits society as a whole”(确保AI造福全体社 会)相反；B“改革者倡导以人为本的AI系统以获取个人利益”与第三段“prioritize the public good over profit”(优先考虑公共利益而非利润)矛盾；C“战士派通过提升AI道德追求国家安 全主导地位”与第四段“may prioritize defense applications over moral concerns”(可能优先考 虑国防应用而非道德问题)不符。 34.A (The Battle over AI:Power and Benefit) 考点：主旨大意题 语境逻辑：全文分析了末日论者、改革者、战士派三个群体对AI的不同观点及其背后的动机 (如企业利益、国家安全、公共利益)，最终强调需通过法律和监管平衡各方力量，确保A虹造福 全体而非少数人，核心是不同群体对A虹权力和利益的争夺。 选项辨析：A“The Battle over AI:Power and Benefit”(AI之争：权力与利益)涵盖了各方观 点冲突的本质（权力争夺与利益分配）；B“个人主义vs集体主义”未准确概括战士派（国家/企 业利益)和末日论者（未来风险）的核心分歧：C“改革者s末日论者”仅涉及文中两个群体， 忽略了战士派，以偏概全；D“创新vs监管”未体现不同群体的权力博弈和利益冲突，偏离全 文对“群体动机”和“公共利益”的强调。