阅读理解12-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选12 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解阅读单选 。文章字数：约490词 ·核心知识点：记叙文、个人经历 。考查重点：细节理解、情感线索梳理、主旨归纳 材料剖析 故事发展线索：作者因好奇自己能否热爱户外决定进行徒步实验→徒步初期落后并对自 己产生怀疑→途中被自然美景震撼并开始主动观察→到达营地后搭帐篷成功但取水时 多次摔倒感到恼火→夜晚露营因装备问题受挫失眠→清晨心情好转并与同伴深度交流 返回起点后感恩徒步中的对话与反思，意识到自身潜能→实验虽有挑战但让作者对 户外改观，回城后内心平静 ·感情发展线索：怀疑→惊讶→恼火→沮丧→振奋→平静+领悟主旨 阅读理解短文 On a brisk October morning,with 20 pounds of gear on my back,I hiked up a steep,rocky trail.With each step,I felt my throat tighter and my lungs heave. This was an experiment.Growing up,my family's annual "hikes"often left me weeping with exhaustion after only 2 miles.Decades later,I wondered,at the ripe age of 26,could I learn to love the outdoors?I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking. Prepared with weeks of exercise,I joined my group at the trailhead near the city border.An hour after setting off,I fell behind,not sure if I could make it.Frank,my hiking companion,slowed down to accompany me. “Look at the sky,the trees!”he exclaimed. Wheezing,I stopped to crane my neck.Nature in all its magnificence chose to show off.The wind whistled,rustling the yellow canopy overhead.Continuing on,I made a point to stop and look around every few minutes. Three hours later,we reached our campsite,a vast grassy area.Frank guided me through putting up my tent,a small victory after a challenging morning.We then sought our only water source,Sunfish Pond.Much to my annoyance,I repeatedly lost my footing and returned to camp after countless falls. At camp,I built a fire using only flint (sticks.My cheap sleeping pad kept losing air, and my sleeping bag did little to keep the cold air out.Around 2 a.m.I teared up in frustration 3 and lay sleepless.However,emerging from my tent into the misty morning,I felt my mood lifted. Autumn seemed to have kicked in overnight and the leaves glowed.I ate a breakfast of instant noodles and then joined the others,sharing intimate thoughts I usually kept hidden. Back at the trailhead where we started,my friend asked what we were grateful for.I piped up about the vulnerable and funny conversations I'd enjoyed with fellow hikers-and the space to reflect.The forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was capable of much more than I thought possible. Did the experiment work?Memories of that sleepless,freezing night might give me pause before I crawl into a tent again.But that doesn't mean I'm away from the woods completely.I returned to New York smelly and sore,but when I stepped off the bus into the city's hustle and bustle,I also felt an unexpected calm. 题目列表 24.Why did the author decide to go on a hiking trip? A.To improve his physical health. B.To escape from the fast-paced city life. C.To explore his potential for the outdoors. D.To revisit a childhood passion for hiking. 25.Which best describes the author's emotional journey? A. B. 0 D. 26.What has the author learned from the experience? A.Success lies in self-acceptance. B.Wilderness heals a broken heart. C.Small setbacks lead to great achievements. D.Nature gives more than expected. 4 核心词汇详解 1.heave 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：核心含义一是“（剧烈地）喘息；呼吸急促”，尤指因 费力或疲惫，例Her lungs heaved after running..(她跑完后气喘吁吁)；二 是“（用力）举起；拖曳”，强调动作的沉重感，例He heaved the bor onto the shel乐.（他把箱子费力地搬到架子上）；三是“（胃等）恶心；想吐”，例 The smell made her heave.(那气味让她想吐)。 词性转换 名词：heave,.核心含义是“（用力的）举起；拖曳；喘息”，例With a heave, he lifted the stone.(他猛地一使劲，举起了石头)。 高频搭配 动词heave的搭配：heave a sigh(叹气)、heave with effort(费力地移动)、 heave up(呕吐；恶心)。 易混辨析 heave vs drag:heave侧重“向上或向前的用力拖举”，强调动作的突发 性和力量感；drg侧重“在平面上缓慢或费力地拖曳”，强调阻力和持续的 动作，例He dragged the heavy sofa across the room.(他把沉重的沙发拖过 房间)。 2.magnificence 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“壮丽：宏伟；华丽”，指事物的宏伟壮 观或卓越品质，例the magnificence of the mountains(群山的壮丽)。 词性转换 形容词：magnificent,核心含义是“壮丽的；宏伟的；极好的”，高考常用 搭配是a magnificent building(宏伟的建筑)、a magnificent view(壮丽的 景色)。 高频搭配 名词magnificence的搭配：the magnificence of nature(大自然的壮美)、be struck by magnificence(被壮丽所震撼)。 易混辨析 magnificence vs grandeur:magnificence侧重“视觉上的华丽和辉煌”， 常与具体事物搭配；grandeur侧重“规模、气势或地位的宏伟”，更抽象，例 the grandeur of the occasion(场合的庄严)。 5 3.vulnerable 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是“脆弱的；易受伤害的；易受影响 的”，既可指身体上的脆弱，也可指情感上的敏感，例a vulnerable child(脆 弱的孩子)、vulnerable to criticism(易受批评影响)。 词性转换 名词：vulnerability,核心含义是“脆弱性；易损性”，例the vulnerability of the elderly(老年人的脆弱性)。 高频搭配 形容词vulnerable的搭配：vulnerable to（易受…影响)、feel vulnerable (感到脆弱)、vulnerable groups(弱势群体)。 易混辨析 vulnerable vs weak:vulnerable强调“因自身弱点或外部环境而容易受 到伤害”，带有被动性；weak侧重“体力或能力上的虚弱”，例She is still wveak after the illness..(她病后仍很虚弱)。 4.intimate 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义一是“亲密的：私人的”，指关系密切 或涉及隐私，例intimate friends(密友)、intimate thoughts（内心的想法)： 二是“详尽的；精通的”，例have an intimate knowledge of(精通…)。 动词(v.,高中略考)：核心含义是“暗示；提示”，例He intimated that he might leave..(他暗示他可能会离开)。 词性转换 名词：intimacy,核心含义是“亲密；亲密关系”，例the intimacy between siblings（兄弟姐妹间的亲密)。 高频搭配 形容词intimate的搭配：intimate conversation(私密对话)、intimate rela- tionship(亲密关系)、intimate details(私密细节)。 易混辨析 intimate vs familiar:intimate强调“情感上的深度亲密”，多用于人际 关系；familiar侧重“熟悉；了解”，可指人或事物，例I am familiar with this song.(我熟悉这首歌)。 5.dweller 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“居民；居住者”，指在特定地方居住的 人或生物，例city dwellers(城市居民)、forest dwellers(森林居住者)。 词性转换 动词：dwell,核心含义是“居住；栖身”，例dwell in a small village(住在 -个小村庄)：引申义“细想：详述”，例dwell on the past(沉湎于过去)。 高频搭配 名词dweller的搭配：temporary dwellers(临时居住者)、urban dwellers(城 市居民)、cave dwellers(穴居人). 易混辨析 dweller vs resident:dweller更强调“与居住环境的联系”，常用于文学或 正式语境；resident侧重“合法或长期居住的身份”，例a resident of Beijing (北京居民)。 6 6.hustle and bustle 核心词性 名词短语(，高频核心)：核心含义是“喧嚣；忙碌；熙熙攘攘”，指城市 或场所的繁忙和嘈杂，例the hustle and bustle of the city(城市的喧嚣)。 词性转换 固定搭配，无词性转换，通常用于介词短语中，例I prefer the countryside to the hustle and bustle.(比起喧嚣，我更喜欢乡村)。 高频搭配 名词短语hustle and bustle的搭配：escape the hustle and bustle(逃离喧 嚣)、the hustle and bustle of daily life(日常生活的忙碌)。 易混辨析 hustle and bustle vs chaos:hustle and bustle侧重“有秩序的忙碌和嘈 杂”，常指城市的活力；chaos侧重“混乱；无秩序”，例The room was in chaos.(房间里一片混乱)。 7.flint 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“火石；燧石”，指用于取火的石头，例 strike flint to make fire(打火石取火)。 词性转换 无常见词性转换，主要作为具体名词使用。 高频搭配 名词int的搭配：lint stick(火石棒)、dint and steel(火石和钢片，古代 取火工具)。 易混辨析 lint vs stone:int是特定类型的坚硬石头，用于取火；stone是泛指的 “石头”，例a pile of stones(一堆石头)。 8.canopy 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义一是“（森林中树木的）树冠层”，例he forest canopy(森林树冠层)；二是“华盖；遮篷”，指覆盖物或遮蔽物，例 a canopy over the entrance(入口处的遮篷)。 词性转换 无常见词性转换，主要作为具体名词使用。 高频搭配 名词canopy的搭配：leafy canopy(枝叶繁茂的树冠)、canopy of trees(树 木形成的华盖)。 易混辨析 canopy vs ceiling:canopy指“自然形成或人工搭建的遮蔽性顶部”，如 树冠、帐篷顶；ceiling指“建筑物内部的天花板”，例a high ceiling(高天 花板)。 9.brisk 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义一是“凉爽的：清新的”，指天气或空 气，例a brisk morning(凉爽的早晨)：二是“轻快的；敏捷的”，指动作或 人，例a brisk walk(轻快的散步)、a brisk pace(快步)。 词性转换 动词：brisken(使轻快；使活跃)，但较少用。 高频搭配 形容词brisk的搭配：brisk wind(请风)、brisk business(生意兴隆)。 易混辨析 brisk vs fresh:brisk强调“凉爽而令人振奋”，常指天气或动作；fresh侧 重“新鲜：清新”，例fresh air(新鲜空气)。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：24-26CBB 24.C (To explore his potential for the outdoors.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文章第二段明确提到“Decades later,I wondered,at the ripe age of26,could I learn to love the outdoors?I decided to start in the deep end with this hiking.”表明作者想通过徒 步探索自己是否具备户外潜力。 选项辨析：A选项“改善健康”未提及；B选项“逃离快节奏城市生活”是结果而非初衷；D 选项“重访童年爱好”与原文“often left me weeping with exhaustion”(童年徒步体验糟糕)矛 盾，只有C符合“探索户外潜力”的初衷。 25.B() 考点：情感线索梳理题 语境逻辑：按时间顺序梳理情感变化： ·doubtful(怀疑)：第二段“not sure if I could make it”体现最初的怀疑； ·amazed(惊叹)：第三段“Nature in all its magnificence chose to show off'”描写看到自然 景色时的惊叹； ·annoyed(恼怒)：第四段“Much to my annoyance,I repeatedly lost my footing'”因多次 摔倒感到恼怒： 。uplifted(振奋)：第五段“emerging from my tent.I felt my mood lifted”清晨情绪好转： ·peaceful(平静)：最后一段“felt an unexpected calm”回到城市后感到平静。 排序为，对应选项B。 26.D(Nature gives more than expected. 考点：主旨归纳题 语境逻辑：文章结尾提到“the forest and its temporary dwellers had convinced me I was ca pable of much more than I thought possible'”(森林让作者发现自己潜力远超想象)，且收获了 “vulnerable and funny conversations”“space to reflect”“unexpected calm”等意外的精神收 获，超出了单纯的徒步体验。 选项辨析：A选项“成功在于自我接纳”未提及：B选项“荒野治愈破碎心灵”与原文无“破碎 心灵”背景不符；C选项“小挫折通向大成就”以偏概全，重点并非挫折与成就的关系；D选项 8 “自然给予的比预期更多”准确概括了自然带来的潜力认知、情感交流和内心平静等多重收获。