阅读理解9-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选9 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选(4题，约480词) 。核心知识点：旅游观光、环境保护、议论文 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意 材料剖析 。文章结构：引出南极旅游话题→分析环保措施与风险→指出碳排放主要威胁→探讨 治理困境→提出道德反思 核心论点：南极旅游快速发展带来环境威胁，需权衡个人旅游欲望与生态保护 。写作手法：议论文，运用数据、实例、专家观点支持论证 阅读理解短文 It was an arresting image:a large airplane parked on the Antarctic ice,smiling flight attendants posing in front of it.The shot seemed to mark a new phase for Antarctic tourism.Fortunately,the flight in question was delivering staff and supplies for research rather than tourism-but travel to Earth's southernmost continent has nonetheless reached a new milestone.The growing number of visitors brought a new urgency to the question of how much tourism should be allowed on the icy continent. Many members of the International Association of Antarctic Tourism Operators (IAATO)say promoting Antarctic conservation is part of their mission.In fact,IAATO members follow strict rules designed to protect the environment,including removing all waste from the continent and avoiding unknowingly introducing non-native species.Nonetheless,a number of biosecurity studies found a large number of non-native species present. The risks are real.An invasive grass species has established a foothold on one of Antarctica's South Shetland Islands,while bird flu recently reached the Sub-Antarctic Islands, where it has had a damaging effect on the seal population.Despite these growing threats,biosecurity is not the biggest danger facing Antarctica's wilderness areas.Tourists can reduce biosecurity risks by taking new clothing to Antarctica,but the carbon impact is a real issue.The average per- person carbon emissions (for an Antarctic tourist are 3.76 tonnes-about the total sum that an individual typically generates in an entire year.One study calculated that each tourist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting around 83 tonnes of snow,due largely to emissions from travel ships. The Antarctic is at risk not just because of the delicacy of its environment,but due to the lack 3 of a single governing body.The Antarctic Treaty,established in 1961 to provide governance for the continent,operates on a consultative basis,which means all parties have to agree before a change can be put into action.There is a common understanding that something needs to change,but no agreement on what those changes should be.Should landings be made at a larger number of sites for instance.or should we aim to keep the human footprint as small as possible? Researchers recommend that anyone thinking about visiting Antarctica should take a hard look at their motivation and the impacts of their choice."As a researcher,it's a moral decision that I make every time I go,whether what I'm doing is worth the impact,"said a professor,who says tourists should also weigh up the consequences."If your motivation is simply because you have stepped on six continents already and you want to step on the seventh-personally I think that's a fairly silly reason." 题目与选项 1.What can we learn from this passage? A.Non-native species have not been found in the Antarctic so far. B.The best way to reach the Antarctic is by taking a large airplane. C.Developing tourism and doing research are equally important in the Antarctic. D.IAATO has taken some measures to conserve the environment in the Antarctic. 2.What is the primary concern about the growing travelers in the Antarctic? A.The absence of a single governing body. B.The decline in the number of seals due to tourism. C.The potential for tourists to introduce invasive species D.The carbon emissions associated with travel to the Antarctic. 3.The main moral challenge presented by Antarctic tourism is_ A.allowing tourists to access areas typically reserved for research B.deciding whether tourism can fund further exploration of the Antarctic C.satisfying personal desires for traveling while preserving the environment D.balancing the economic benefits of tourism with the environmental impact 4.Which would be the best title for this passage? A.Antarctic Research:A Promising Future! B.Flying to the Antarctic:A New Milestone! C.Antarctic Tourism:Should We Just Say No? D.Threat to the Antarctic:Why Biosecurity Risks? 4 核心词汇详解 1.conservation 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：保护；保存（尤指自然环境、动植物等）；节约：防 止浪费 常用搭配：wildlife conservation(野生动物保护)、water conservation(水资 源节约) 例：Environmental conservation is crucial for Antarctica.(环境保护对南极 至关重要) 词性转换 动词：conserve(保护；保存；节约) 形容词：conservative(保守的；守旧的) 例：conserve natural resour℃es(保护自然资源) 高频搭配 environmental conservation(环境保护)、conservation efforts(保护努力) conservation area(保护区)、conservation of energy(能量守恒) 易混辨析 conservation vs preservation:前者强调”合理利用并保护”，后者侧重” 保持原样，防止改变” 2.biosecurity 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：生物安全（防止有害生物进入或传播） 常用搭配：biosecurity measures(生物安全措施)、biosecurity risks(生物安 全风险) 例：Biosecurity studies found non-native species in Antarctica.(生物安全 研究在南极发现外来物种) 词性转换 形容词：biosecure(生物安全的) 例：biosecure facilities(生物安全设施) 高频搭配 biosecurity protocols(生物安全协议)、strengthen biosecurity(加强生物安 全) 易混辨析 biosecurity vs security:前者针对生物威胁，后者泛指安全 5 3.invasive 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：侵入的：侵袭的（尤指生物物种入侵） 常用搭配：invasive species(入侵物种)、invasive plants（入侵植物) 例：An invasive grass species established a foothold in Antarctica.(一种入 侵草种在南极站稳了脚跟) 词性转换 动词：invade(入侵；侵略) 名词：invasion(入侵；侵略) 例：the invasion of privacy（侵犯隐私) 高频搭配 invasive behavior(侵略性行为)、invasive procedures(侵入性程序) 易混辨析 invasive vs intrusive:前者侧重”对环境有害侵入”，后者强调”打扰他人” 4.emissions 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：排放物；排放（尤指气体、液体等） 常用搭配：carbon emissions(碳排放)、greenhouse gas emissions(温室气 体排放) 例：The carbon emissions from tourism are a real issue..(旅游产生的碳排 放是个实际问题) 词性转换 动词：emit(排放；发出) 例：The factory emits toric gases.(这家工厂排放有毒气体) 高频搭配 reduce emissions(减少排放)、emissions control(排放控制) 易混辨析 emissions vs discharge:前者通常指气体排放，后者可指液体、气体或固 体排放 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34DDCC 1.D(IAATO has taken some measures to conserve the environment in the Antarctic.) 考点：细节理解题 解析：文中明确提到"In fact,IAATO members follow strict rules designed to protect the envi- ronment,including removing all waste from the continent and avoiding unknowingly introducing non-native species..”,说明IAATO采取了例如清除废物、避免引入外来物种等保护环境的措施。 错误项分析： ·A项与”a number of biosecurity studies found a large number of non-native species present” 矛盾 ·B项文中未提及”最佳方式” ·C项文中未对旅游业和科研的重要性进行比较 6 2.D (The carbon emissions associated with travel to the Antarctic.) 考点：细节理解题 解析：文中提到Despite these growing threats,biosecurity is not the biggest danger facing Antarctica's wilderness areas.Tourists can reduce biosecurity risks by taking new clothing to Antarctica,.but the carbon impact is a real issue.”,明确指出碳影响是更严重的问题，随后给出 人均碳排放数据及对冰雪融化的影响，说明碳排放是主要担忧。 错误项分析： ·A项”缺乏单一管理机构”是治理层面的问题，而非游客增长直接导致的主要威胁 ·B项海豹数量下降是禽流感的影响，与旅游业无直接关联 ·C项生物安全风险可通过带新衣物缓解，并非首要问题 3.C (satisfying personal desires for traveling while preserving the environment) 考点：推理判断题 解析：教授提到"whether what I'm doing is worth the impact'””tourists should also weigh up the consequences”,并批评”只因踏遍六大洲想踏第七个”的动机，核心是个人旅行欲望与环境 影响的道德权衡。 错误项分析： ·A项”允许游客进入科研区域”文中未涉及 ·B项”旅游业能否资助探索”非道德挑战 ·D项”经济利益与环境影响的平衡”文中未提经济利益 4.C (Antarctic Tourism:Should We Just Say No?) 考点：主旨大意题 解析：全文围绕南极旅游业展开，讨论其带来的生物安全风险、碳排放问题及治理困境，结尾通 过教授观点引发对是否应发展旅游业的反思，核心是对南极旅游的争议与权衡。 错误项分析： 。A项聚焦科研，偏离”旅游业”主题 ·B项”飞行里程碑”仅为首段细节 ·D项”生物安全风险”被文中明确否定为”最大威胁”