七选五12-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-七选五12 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-七选五（约270词） 。 核心知识点：阅读、科普知识、共情能力 ·考查重点：段落过渡、代词指代、语境逻辑、论点例证关系 材料剖析 。文章结构线索：引出阅读的多重益处→通过设问转折提出共情能力→解释共情的生理 机制→阐述情商的实际影响→举例说明共情转化为行动→总结共情对个人和社会的 益处 ·论点发展线索：从阅读的认知益处转向情感和社会益处，强调共情能力的培养及其实际应 用价值 七选五短文 Reading is an exercise for the mind.It is good for our vocabulary and literacy skills,teaching us math or science concepts and helping us learn history.Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character's suffering?If so,that is because you have empathy (for the character.Empathy is a magic eye that sees into other people's hearts and it can be learned through various fictions.Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts.Many more areas of your brain light up when you're enjoying a story,and your brain thinks you are in the story.Empathy helps you to read people's emotions and work out the best way to respond. This skill,called emotional intelligence(ED),can make it easier to communicate and connect with people.One study found that people who read the Harry Potter novels,which tell stories about humans fighting against the evil,were less likely to behave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees().After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class,a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war,students in St Michael's High School were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organization Refugee Action.Their empathy also stimulated them to raise f1,000 for people who were forced to leave their homes because of war.Reading encourages us to empathise with others,which could potentially lead to several beneficial outcomes.Not only are we more likely to engage in helpful behaviors when we feel empathy for other people,but others are also more likely to help us when they experience empathy._ 3 题目选项列表 1.A.Apart from those,reading has another benefit. 2.B.In a way,all this increases our ability to read well. 3.C.This theory of EI has been put into practice in schools. 4.D.This permits people to understand the emotions that others are feeling. 5.E.This means you experience the characters'thoughts as if they were real. 6.F.Research shows that building this intelligence can lead to greater tolerance. 7.G.For society to develop,communicative and empathetic individuals really matter. 核心词汇详解 1.empathy 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：共情：同理心（指理解并分享他人情感的能力） 常用搭配：feel empathy for sb.(对某人产生共情)、have empathy(有共情 能力) 形容词：empathetic(有共情能力的)、动词：empathize(产生共情) 例：She felt empathy for the refugees.(她对难民感同身受) 词性转换 形容词：empathetic(核心)、动词：empathize(搭配empathize with sb.) 例：empathetic individuals(有同理心的人) 高频搭配 名词：show empathy(表现出同理心)、build empathy(培养共情能力) 易混辨析 empathy vs sympathy:前者强调“感同身受”，后者侧重“同情怜悯” 例：express sympathy for(对…表示同情) 2.tolerance 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：宽容；容忍（对不同观点、文化、行为的包容）；忍 耐力 常用搭配：greater tolerance（更大的宽容)、tolerance to pain(对疼痛的忍 耐力) 形容词：tolerant(宽容的)、动词：tolerate(容忍) 例：be tolerant of different opinions(对不同观点宽容) 词性转换 形容词：tolerant(核心)、动词：tolerate(例：tolerate discomfort) 高频搭配 racial tolerance(种族宽容)、religious tolerance(宗教包容)、zero tolerance (零容忍) 易混辨析 tolerance vs endurance: 前者侧重“对差异的包容”，后者强调“承受困 难的耐力” 例：physical endurance(体力耐力) 3.literacy 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：读写能力；识字；（某领域的）素养 常用搭配：literacy skills(读写技能)、digital literacy(数字素养) 形容词：literate(有读写能力的)、反义illiterate(文盲的) 例：improve basic literacy(提高基本读写能力) 词性转换 形容词：literate(核心)、反义：illiterate 高频搭配 literacy rate(识字率)、financial literacy(金融素养) 易混辨析 literacy vs literature:前者指“读写能力”，后者意为“文学；文献” 例：world literature(世界文学) 4.refugee 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：难民：避难者（因战争、迫害等逃离本国的人） 常用搭配：refugees escaping from the war(逃离战争的难民)、refugee camp (难民营) 高频搭配 political refugee(政治难民)、refugee crisis(难民危机) 5.intelligence 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：智力；智慧；情报 常用搭配：emotional intelligence(情商、artificial intelligence(人工智能) 形容词：intelligent(聪明的；有才智的) 例：intelligent individuals(聪明的人) 词性转换 形容词：intelligent(核心) 高频搭配 intelligence quotient(智商)、military intelligence(军事情报) 易混辨析 intelligence vs wisdom:前者侧重“学习解决问题的能力”，后者强调“经 验积累的智慧” 6.stimulate 核心词性 动词（ν，高频核心）：刺激：促进：激发（生理、心理或事物发展） 常用搭配：stimulate sb.to do sth.(激励某人做某事)、stimulate interest (激发兴趣) 名词：stimulation(刺激)、形容词：stimulating(令人兴奋的) 例：stimulate economic growth（促进经济增长) 词性转换 名词：stimulation(核心)、形容词：stimulating 例：a stimulating book(一本启发思考的书) 高频搭配 stimulate creativity(激发创造力)、intellectual stimulation(智力刺激) 5 7.potential 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：潜在的；可能的 名词(n,高频核心)：潜力；潜能 常用搭配：potential outcomes(潜在结果)、develop one's potential(发挥 潜力) 例：have great potential(有巨大潜力) 高频搭配 形容词：potential danger(潜在危险)、potential customers(潜在客户) 名词：realize one's potential（实现某人的潜能)》 易混辨析 potential vs possible:前者强调“有发展可能性的潜力”，后者侧重“客 观上可能” 例：possible solutions(可能的解决方案) 8.beneficial 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：有益的；有利的 常用搭配：be beneficial to(对…有益)、beneficial outcomes(有益的结 果) 名词：benefit(益处；福利)、动词：benefit(受益) 例：benefit from reading(从阅读中受益) 词性转换 名词：benefit(核心)、动词：benefit(搭配benefit from) 高频搭配 mutually beneficial(互利的)、health benefits(健康益处) 9.outcome 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：结果；后果（尤指行动或过程的最终结果） 常用搭配：several beneficial outcomes(几个有益的结果)、final outcome(最 终结果) 高频搭配 possible outcomes(可能的结果)、outcome of(…的结果) 易混辨析 outcome vs result::前者较正式，侧重“有目的的行动结果”；后者泛指 “各种结果” 例：the result of the exam(考试结果) 6 10.evil 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：邪恶；罪恶（抽象概念） 形容词(adj,高频核心)：邪恶的；有害的 常用搭配：fighting against the evil(对抗邪恶)、evil actions(邪恶的行为) 高频搭配 名词：the forces of evil(邪恶势力)、do evil(作恶) 形容词：evil intentions(邪恶的意图) 易混辨析 evil vs wicked:前者语气强，指“极端邪恶”；后者侧重“调皮或恶意的” 例：a wicked smile(调皮的微笑) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：35-39 AEDFG 1.A (Apart from those,reading has another benefit.) 考点：段落过渡+逻辑衔接 语境逻辑：前文提到阅读对词汇、读写能力、数学/科学概念和历史学习的好处，空格后转而讨 论阅读引发的共情能力，可知此处需引出阅读的“另一项益处”。 选项辨析：A选项“Apart from those..”(除了这些之外)承接前文列举的多项好处，引出新 的论点“共情”，符合逻辑；其他选项均未体现“过渡到新益处”的功能。 2.E (This means you experience the characters'thoughts as if they were real.) 考点：代词指代+语境理解 语境逻辑：前文提到“大脑对故事的反应不同，更多脑区被激活，大脑认为你在故事中”，空格 需解释这种现象的含义。 选项辨析：E选项“This means..”中的“this”指代前文“brain thinks you are in the story”,“ex perience the characters'thoughts as if real'”(体验角色的想法如同真实)是对“大脑沉浸故 事”的具体解释，符合逻辑；D选项虽涉及“情绪理解”，但前文未提及“emotions”,E更贴合 “thoughts”和“in the story”的语境。 3.D (This permits people to understand the emotions that others are feeling.) 考点：代词指代+上下文呼应 语境逻辑：前文介绍“共情帮助读取他人情绪并做出回应，这种技能称为情商(I)”,空格需 说明EI的作用。 选项辨析：D选项“This permits people to understand the emotions..”中的“this”指代“EI”, 与前文“read people's emotions”直接呼应，解释情商的功能；E选项侧重“角色想法”，与 “emotions'”衔接不如D紧密。 4.F(Research shows that building this intelligence can lead to greater tolerance.) 考点：段落主旨+例证支持 语境逻辑：后文举例“读《哈利·波特》的人对弱势群体更公平”，空格需提出“情商与宽容相 关”的论点，再用例子证明。 选项辨析：F选项“building this intelligence(指EI)leads to greater tolerance”(培养情商带 来更高宽容度)与后文“less likely to behave unfairly”(更少不公平行为)形成论点与例证的关 7 系：G选项讨论“社会发展需要共情个体”，与具体例子的衔接不如F直接。 5.G (For society to develop,communicative and empathetic individuals really mat- ter.) 考点：总结升华+全文主旨 语境逻辑：前文提到共情对个人的好处（帮助他人、被他人帮助），空格需从个人层面上升到社 会层面总结。 选项辨析：G选项“For society to develop,communicative and empathetic individuals mat-- ter”(社会发展需要善于沟通和共情的个体)呼应前文“beneficial outcomes”,并将个人共情能 力与社会发展联系，符合结尾段总结升华的逻辑：F选项已在38题用于引出例证，此处需更宏 观的总结，G更合适。