七选五10-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高三英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-七选五10 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-七选五（约280词） 。 核心知识点：科普知识、饮食心理学 ·考查重点：上下文逻辑衔接、段落主旨、代词指代、语义转折 材料剖析 ·主题线索：安慰食物的科学原理→味觉营养因素vs记忆情感因素→进食场景的重要性 ·逻辑发展：食物愉悦的双重来源→大脑奖励机制→回忆联想作用→进食环境影响 阅读理解-七选五短文 The Science of Comfort Food Certain foods always give us much pleasure.However,much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we're with while we enjoy them.That's why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood.But as anyone who's ever eaten apple pie knows,sweets can make us feel especially nice.One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content,though.And many favorite American comfort foods-chili,say- are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates(碳水化合物).Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it.One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes,which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family.Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss.We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences.I haven't eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old,because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. In addition to past memories,the context in which we eat foods matters,too.And our gustatory(昧觉的)experiences can be heightened by”a sense of community,.a sense of warmth and enjoying it together".I appreciate my mum's potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children. 3 题目选项列表 A.Food is essential for our survival. B.These associations can go the other way,too. C.We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D.It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E.Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F.Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G.After all,different cultures have different comfort foods. 核心词汇详解 1.nutritional 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：营养的；与营养有关的，用于描述食物或物质的 营养属性 例：nutritional content(营养成分) 词性转换 名词：nutrition(营养；营养学) 副词：nutritionally(在营养方面) 例：balanced nutrition（均衡营养)》 高频搭配 nutritional value(营养价值)、nutritional needs(营养需求) 易混辨析 nutritional vs nutritious:前者侧重”与营养相关的属性”；后者侧重”有 营养的：滋养的” 例：nutritious food（有营养的食物) 2.associate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：联想；联系；交往；结交 例：associate.…uith.（把…和…联系起来) 词性转换 名词：association(协会；社团：联想；联系) 形容词：associated(相关的；有联系的) 例：in association with（与…合作) 高频搭配 associate closely with(与…紧密联系)、business associates(生意伙伴) 易混辨析 associate vs connect:前者侧重”心理上的联想”；后者侧重”事物之间的 客观连接” 3.gustatory 核心词性 形容词(adj.,低频核心)：味觉的；与味觉有关的 例：gustatory experiences（味觉体验) 词性转换 名词：gustation(味觉) 例：the sense of gustation(味觉) 高频搭配 gustatory buds(味蕾)、gustatory perception(味觉感知) 易混辨析 gustatory vs taste:前者是形容词，强调”与味觉相关的属性”；后者可作 名词或动词，侧重具体感受 4.release 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：释放；放出；发布；发行；松开 例：release a chemical(释放一种化学物质) 词性转换 名词：release(释放；发布；新发行的东西) 例：the release of a new film(新电影的发行) 高频搭配 release into(释放到…中)、press release(新闻稿) 易混辨析 release vs emit:前者侧重”释放；松开”；后者侧重”发出：排放”（光、热、 气体等) 5.sensitive 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：敏感的；易受影响的；灵敏的；体贴的 例：sensitive to(对…敏感) 词性转换 名词：sensitivity(敏感；敏感性) 副词：sensitively(敏感地：体贴地) 例：sensitivity to light（对光的敏感性) 高频搭配 sensitive skin(敏感肌肤)、politically sensitive(政治上敏感的) 易混辨析 sensitive vs sensible:前者侧重”敏感的；易受影响的”；后者侧重”明智 的：合理的” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：35-39 EABBD 1.35.E (Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel) 考点：上下文逻辑衔接+段落主旨 语境逻辑：前文提到”某些食物总能带来愉悦”，后文通过”However”转折，强调快乐更多来自 回忆和陪伴，可知此处应先说明食物本身的属性（味道、营养）对情绪的影响，再引出转折后 5 的”非味觉/营养因素”。 选项辨析：E选项”它们的味道和营养成分影响我们的感受”与后文”much of the happiness. comes from the memories.”形成”味觉因素→非味觉因素”的逻辑递进，符合段落开篇对食 物带来愉悦的双重原因的铺垫。 2.36.A (Food is essential for our survival) 考点：上下文逻辑+因果关系 语境逻辑：后文That'swhy.…”解释大脑通过释放化学物质奖励进食，”That”指代前文原因， 即”食物是生存必需”，因此大脑进化出奖励机制。 选项辨析：A选项”食物对生存至关重要”是大脑奖励进食的根本原因，与”reward us for eating anything at all'”(奖励任何进食行为)呼应，符合”生存需求→生理机制”的因果逻辑。 3.37.B (These associations can go the other way,too) 考点：上下文逻辑+语义转折 语境逻辑：前文提到”人们因美好回忆喜爱食物”，后文以”有时吃食物会因思念亲人而悲伤”举 例，说明”联想也可能带来负面情绪”，即these associations'”(回忆联想)的反向作用。 选项辨析：B选项”这些联想也可能走向反面”中的”go the other way”（反向)承上启下，衔 接”fond memories'”(正面)与”feel sad”(负面)的转折，符合段落对”回忆联想双重性”的阐 述。 4.38.B (These associations can go the other way,too) 考点：上下文逻辑+例证衔接 语境逻辑：前文以”妈妈的土豆泥带来节日喜悦”为例说明正面回忆，后文”有时吃食物会因思 念亲人而悲伤”是反面例证，B选项中的”these associations”(回忆联想)概括前文内容，”go the other way”引出后文负面案例，形成”正面→反面”的逻辑衔接。 5.39.D (It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment) 考点：上下文逻辑+代词指代 语境逻辑：前文”the context in which we eat foods matters”(进食场景很重要)，后文”a sense of community.enjoying it together?”(社区感、共同享受)具体说明场景如何增强味觉体验，”It” 指代”context'”(场景)，说明场景对”当下享受程度”的影响。 选项辨析：D选项”它影响我们当下的亭受程度”中的”it”与”context”呼应，”shapes how much we enjoy”(影响亭受程度)与后文"heightened gustatory experiences”(增强味觉体验)语义 致，符合”场景重要性→具体影响”的递进逻辑。