阅读理解127-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选127 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约460词） 。核心知识点：食物与饮料、环境保护 ·体裁：说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、观点态度 材料剖析 。文章结构：引出环保主义者观点→数据反驳举例论证→运输方式分析→消费者环 节影响→批判简化标签 ·核心论点：食物里程并非决定碳足迹的唯一因素，需综合考虑整个生产过程 ·写作手法：数据支撑、举例论证、对比分析、层层递进 阅读理解短文 Recently,environmentalists have encouraged us to buy local food.This reduces "food miles", that is,the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller.They reason that the higher the food miles,the more carbon emissions ()Buying local food,therefore,has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. However,the real story is not as simple as that.If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions,we must look at the whole farming process,not just transportation.According to a 2008 study,only 11%of carbon emissions in the food production process result from transportation,and only 4% came from the final delivery (of the product from the producer to the seller. In fact,imported food from other countries often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food.Take apples,for example.In autumn,when apples are harvested,the best thing for British people to do is to buy British apples.However,the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months,and this uses up a lot of energy.In spring,therefore,it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand,where they are in season.Heating also uses a lot of energy,which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain,where the tomatoes grow well in the local climate. We must also take into consideration the type of transport.Transporting food by air creates about 50 times more emissions than shipping it.However,only a small number of goods are flown to foreign countries,and these are usually high value,perishable goods which we cannot produce locally,such as seafood and out-of-season berries.Even then,these foods may not have 3 a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food.For example,beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using human labour and natural fertilisers(),unlike in Britain,where we use oil-based fertilisers and machinery.Therefore,the total carbon footprint is still lower. It's also worth remembering that a product's journey does not end at the supermarket.The distance customers travel to buy their food,and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint.So driving a long way to shop for food will wipe out any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Recently,some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling i)foods with stickers that show it has been imported by air.But the message this gives is too simple.Lots of different factors contribute to a food's carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. 题目列表 32.What can we learn about "food miles"? A.It influences how people deliver and transport food. B.It will increase if people are encouraged to buy local food. C.It is the key factor contributing to a food's carbon emissions. D.It shows how far the food goes from farmland to supermarkets. 33.The author will probably agree that 。 A.transporting food by air is the most energy-saving type of shipping B.storing local food creates more carbon emissions than importing food C.human labour and natural fertilisers can increase the carbon footprint D.growing out-of-season food takes less energy than importing food in season 34.What is the author's attitude towards cutting food miles to reduce carbon emissions? A.Supportive. B.Confused. C.Negative. D.Doubtful. 核心词汇详解 1.footprint 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义一是”碳足迹”（环境学专用，指某物排放的 温室气体总量)，常用搭配carbon footprint(碳足迹)：二是”脚印；足迹” (本义，指人或动物留下的脚印) 高频搭配 carbon footprint(碳足迹)、ecological footprint(生态足迹) 语境例句 Buying local food has a lower carbon footprint.(购买本地食品碳足迹更低) 2.emission 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是”排放：散发”（尤指气体、热量等），常 用搭配carbon emissions(碳排放)、gas emissions(气体排放)；二是”排放 物；散发物”（指被排放出的物质） 词性转换 动词：emit(排放；散发；发出) 高频搭配 reduce emissions(减少排放)、emission standards(排放标准) 语境例句 Transportation results in carbon emissions..(运输导致碳排放) 3.perishable 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义是”易腐烂的；易变质的”（多用于描述 食物等) 高频搭配 perishable goods(易腐货物)、perishable food(易腐烂的食物) 语境例句 These are perishable goods which we cannot produce locally..(这些是我们无 法本地生产的易腐货物) 4.fertiliser 核心词性 名词（n,高频核心)：核心含义是”肥料：化肥” 词性转换 动词：fertilise(给…施肥；使受精) 高频搭配 natural fertilisers（天然肥料)、chemical fertilisers(化学肥料) 语境例句 Beans are grown using natural fertilisers.(豆类使用天然肥料种植) 5.refrigerate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：核心含义是”冷藏：冷冻”（指通过低温保存食物等） 词性转换 名词：refrigerator(冰箱；冷藏库) 高频搭配 refrigerate food(冷藏食物)、refrigerated storage(冷藏储存) 语境例句 Apples have been kept refrigerated for months.(苹果已被冷藏数月) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：32-34DBD 32.D (It shows how far the food goes from farmland to supermarkets.) 考点：细节理解题 语境分析：第一段明确提到"food miles,that is,the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller'”,producer对应farmland,seller对应supermarkets。 选项辨析： ·A”影响人们如何配送和运输食物”文中未提及 。B”如果鼓励购买本地食物会增加”与原文矛盾 。C”是导致食物碳排放的关键因素”与第二段数据不符 ·D”显示食物从农田到超市的距离”符合定义 33.B(storing local food creates more carbon emissions than importing food) 考点：推理判断题 语境分析：第三段提到"winter or spring.apples..kept refrigerated for months,and this uses up a lot of energy.In spring..import them from New Zealand..more energy--saving"”,说明储 存本地食物比进口当季食物碳排放更高。 选项辨析： 。A”空运食物最节能”与第四段数据矛盾 ·B”储存本地食物比进口食物产生更多碳排放”符合文意 ·C”人力和天然肥料会增加碳足迹”与第四段例子相反 ·D”种植反季食物比进口当季食物耗能更少”与第三段矛盾 34.D (Doubtful) 考点：观点态度题 语境分析：文章通过多段论证说明”减少食物里程以降低碳排放”的观点过于简单，最后一段明 确指出'the message..is too simple”。 选项辨析： 。A”支持的”与全文基调不符 。B”困惑的”不准确，作者思路清晰 ·C”否定的”过于绝对 。D”怀疑的”准确体现作者态度 解题技巧总结 。细节理解题：定位原文关键句，注意同义替换(producer→farmland,seller→supermar-. kets) ·推理判断题：结合多个段落信息，排除绝对化选项 ·观点态度题：关注转折词、评价性语言，把握全文基调 ·环保类文章：注意数据支撑、举例论证、多因素分析的特点