阅读理解121-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编

2025-12-09
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晴风教辅
进店逛逛

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1 阅读理解-阅读单选121 试题基本信息 ·题型:阅读理解阅读单选 ·核心知识点:个人保健、科普知识、说明文 。考查重点:主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断 材料剖析 。文章结构:第一段引出睡眠重要性及温度对睡眠的影响;第二段阐述温度对睡眠时长的具 体影响:第三段提出改善睡眠的建议:第四段强调转变对睡眠的态度。 。核心线索:温度影响睡眠时长→全球变暖加剧睡眠流失→改善睡眠环境与习惯→呼 吁重视睡眠 阅读理解短文 We often take sleep for granted,but not getting enough shut-eye can increase our risk for many serious health issues such as poor mental health,heart problems or even early death.The ideal bedroom temperature for people to fall asleep is relatively cold-between 17 to 20C.A drop in our core body temperature is essential for us falling and staying asleep because it stimulates sleepiness.Obradovich and his colleagues found unusually warm temperatures had the largest effect on people's bedtime duration by delaying falling asleep.Short sleep durations were the worst during the summertime and among the elderly,probably because they have more difficulty regulating their body temperature.The team also found warmer locations experienced the most sleep loss,suggesting people's bodies haven't adapted to their geographic location.Lower income countries are also heavily affected,which Obradovich supposes could be because of a lack of air- conditioning.But he plans to investigate further.Data show global warming also will have the biggest sleep loss in the Middle East,southeast Asia and Australia.By the end of the 21st century, people in the warmest regions are expected to lose another three nights of sleep per year due to higher nighttime temperatures.Obradovich said his team's findings could help communities or policymakers better improve the sleep environment for people,such as helping to cool bedrooms more effectively.On an individual level,Robbins,a physician at Harvard Medical School,said people also need to practice generally good sleep behavior.For instance,reducing screen time 15 to 20 minutes before falling asleep as the blue lights from cellphones or computers can work like the sun and throw off our body clock.She suggested meditation (before bed can significantly help people relax,making it easier for people to fall asleep."There's still belief that 'I'll sleep when I'm dead'kind of attitude towards sleep,"Robbins said."There's so much work to be done to improve our collective view of sleep." 2 题目列表 28.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Temperature affects sleep duration B.Global warming improves sleep quality. C.Sleep loss leads to serious health problems. D.Sleep quality influences attitude towards life. 29.From Paragraph 3,we can know that A.those in the warmer regions can well adapt to the temperature B.the elderly suffer from sleep loss due to their sickness C.it is harder to fall asleep in warmer temperature D.unusual warmth contributes to earlier wake-up 30.What does Robbins intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A.People should pay more attention to sleep. B.People have different attitudes towards sleep. C.Scientists will solve the problem of sleep loss. D.Scientists should help to improve humans'sleep quality. 核心词汇详解 1.regulate 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心):调节;控制(指调整以达到平衡或标准),例regulate body temperature(调节体温);管理;监管(尤指通过规则或法律),例 regulate financial markets(监管金融市场)。 词性转换 名词:regulation(规则;管理),高频搭配new regulations(新规定)、strict regulation(严格管理)。 形容词:regulatory(监管的;调节的),例regulatory body(监管机构)。 高频搭配 动词regulate的搭配:regulate the speed(调节速度)、regulate emotions (调控情绪)、regulate blood pressure(调节血压)。 名词regulation的搭配:follow regulations(遵守规定)、issue regulations (发布规章)、under regulation(在监管下)。 易混辨析 regulate vs adjust:regulate侧重“通过系统或机制进行有规律的调节以 维持稳定”,如人体机能调节;adjust侧重“根据具体情况进行小幅度调整 以适应需求”,如调整座椅高度。 regulate vs control:regulate强调“通过规则或内在机制进行有序调节”, 目标是平衡;control侧重“通过权力或手段进行直接控制以限制或支配”, 目标是掌控。 3 2.duration 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心):持续时间;期间,例sleep duration(睡眠时长)、the duration of the meeting(会议持续时间)。 词性转换 形容词:durable(耐用的;持久的),例durable goods(耐用品)。 动词:endure(忍受;持续),例endure pain(忍受痛苦)、endure for years (持续多年)。 高频搭配 名词duration的搭配:short duration(短时间)、long duration(长时间)、 for the duration(在整个期间)、of short duration(持续时间短的)。 易混辨析 duration vs period:duration侧重“某事物持续的具体时间长度”,为不 可数名词;period侧重“一段时间,尤指具有特定特征的时期”,为可数名 词,例a period of three years(三年期)。 duration vs length:duration专指“时间的持续长度”;length可指时间 或空间的长度,范围更广,例the length of the river(河流长度)。 3.stimulate 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心):刺激;促进(指激发活动或生长),例stimulate economic growth(促进经济增长);激发;激起(指引发兴趣或情感),例stimulate creativity(激发创造力)。 词性转换 名词:stimulation(刺激;激励),例sensory stimulation(感官刺激)。 形容词:stimulating(令人兴奋的;启发性的),例a stimulating discussion (启发性的讨论)。 高频搭配 动词stimulate的搭配:stimulate appetite(刺激食欲)、stimulate demand (刺激需求)、stimulate interest in(激发对…的兴趣)。 易混辨析 stimulate vs inspire:stimulate侧重“通过外部因素促使活动或反应发 生”,如刺激神经;inspire侧重“通过榜样或思想激发内在动力或灵感”,如 激励创作。 stimulate vs encourage:stimulate强调“刺激产生生理或心理上的反 应”,程度较强;encourage强调“给予支持或信心以促进行动”,侧重情感 支持。 4.geographic 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心):地理的;地理相关的,例geographic location(地 理位置)、geographic features(地理特征)。 名词(n.,高频核心):geography(地理学;地理),例physical geography (自然地理学)。 词性转换 名词:geography(地理;地形),高频搭配human geography(人文地理学)。 副词:geographically(在地理上;地理学上),例geographically isolated (地理上孤立的)。 高频搭配 形容词geographic的搭配:geographic distribution(地理分布)、geographic area(地理区域)、geographic information(地理信息)。 名词geography的搭配:study geography(学习地理)、the geography of China(中国地理)。 易混辨析 geographic vs geological:geographic侧重“地球表面的自然和人文地 理特征”,如位置、气候;geological侧重“地球的地质构造和岩石等形成过 程”,如地质年代。 geography vs terrain:geography是学科名词,涵盖地理的整体研究; terrain侧重“具体的地形地貌”,如山地、平原。 5.collective 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心):集体的:共同的,例collective view(集体观点)、 collective effort(共同努力)。 名词(n.,低频补充):collective(集体;群体),例worker collective(工 人集体) 词性转换 动词:collect(收集;聚集),例collect data(收集数据)。 名词:collection(收集;收藏品),例a collection of books(一批藏书)。 副词:collectively(共同地;集体地),例collectively decide(共同决定)。 高频搭配 形容词collective的搭配:collective responsibility(集体责任)、collective wisdom(集体智慧)、collective action(集体行动)。 动词collect的搭配:collect information(收集信息)、collect stamps(集 邮)、collect money(筹款)。 易混辨析 collective vs common:collective强调“群体成员共同拥有或参与的”,如 集体决策;common侧重“普遍存在或共享的”,如common knowledge(常 识)。 collective vs mutual:collective指“多个个体组成的整体的”,范围较广; mutual指“双方或多方相互的”,如mutual respect(相互尊重)。 5 6.essential 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心):必不可少的;极其重要的,例essential for success (成功必不可少的);本质的;基本的,例essential characteristics(基本特 征)。 名词(n.,常用复数):essentials(必需品;要素),例daily essentials(日 常必需品)。 词性转换 副词:essentially(本质上;基本上),例essentially different(本质上不同)。 名词:essence(本质;精髓),例the essence of life(生命的本质)。 高频搭配 形容词essential的搭配:essential to/for(对…必不可少)、essential com- ponent(基本组成部分)、essential skill(必备技能)。 名词essentials的搭配:the essentials of grammar(语法要点)、pack your essentials(收拾你的必需品)。 易混辨析 essential vs necessary:essential语气更强,强调“核心的、不可或缺的, 缺少则无法存在”;necessary侧重“因需要而必须的”,程度稍弱。 essential vs fundamental:essential指“事物最基本的要素,是整体的核心 部分”;fundamental指“构成基础的,影响事物根本性质的”,如fundamental principles(基本原则)。 7.investigate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心):调查;研究(指系统地探究以发现真相或信息),例 investigate the cause(调查原因)、investigate a problem(研究问题): 词性转换 名词:investigation(调查;研究),例conduct an investigation(进行调查)。 名词:investigator(调查者;研究者),例private investigator(私家侦探)。 高频搭配 动词investigate的搭配:investigate into(调查)、investigate thoroughly(彻 底调查)。 易混辨析 investigate vs examine:investigate侧重“系统调查以揭示真相”,如犯 罪调查;examine侧重“仔细检查以评估状态”,如体检。 investigate vs research:investigate多指“针对具体事件或问题的调查”; research多指“学术或科学研究的系统探究”。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案:28-30ACA 28.A (Temperature affects sleep duration.) 考点:主旨大意题 语境逻辑:文章围绕温度对睡眠时长的影响展开,第二段提到理想睡眠温度为17-20℃,第三段 指出温暖环境导致睡眠减少,第四段说明全球变暖加剧睡眠流失,最后讨论改善睡眠的建议。全 6 文核心是温度与睡眠时长的关系。 选项辨析:B项“全球变暖改善睡眠质量”与原文“global warming also will have the biggest sleep loss”矛盾;C项“睡眠不足导致健康问题”是文章开头引出话题的内容,非主旨:D项 “睡眠质量影响生活态度”仅在最后一句提及,非核心。A项涵盖全文温度对睡眠时长的影响, 为正确答案。 29.C(it is harder to fall asleep in warmer temperature) 考点:细节理解题 语境逻辑:第三段首句“Obradovich and his colleagues found unusually warm temperatures had the largest effect on people's bedtime duration by delaying falling asleep.”明确指出异常温暖 的温度通过延迟入睡来影响睡眠时间,即温暖环境下更难入睡。 选项辨析:A项“温暖地区的人能很好适应温度”与原文“people's bodies haven't adapted to their geographic location”不符;B项“老年人因疾病失眠”,原文说“probably because they have more difficulty regulating their body temperature”,而非疾病;D项“异常温暖导致早醒” 原文只提到“delaying falling asleep”(延迟入睡),未提及早醒。C项符合原文“延迟入睡”的 表述。 30.A (People should pay more attention to sleep. 考点:推理判断题 语境逻辑:最后一段Robbins提到“There's still belief that 'I'll sleep when I'm dead'kind of attitude towards sleep”(人们仍有“死后再睡”的态度)以及“There's so much work to be done to improve our collective view of sleep”(需要做很多工作来改善我们对睡眠的集体看法), 意在强调人们应更重视睡眠。 选项辨析:B项“人们对睡眠有不同态度”并非重点,重点是这种态度需要改变;C项“科学 家将解决失眠问题”原文未提及;D项“科学家应帮助改善睡眠质量”,Robbins作为医生,是 从大众角度强调重视睡眠,而非仅对科学家提要求。A项符合“改善对睡眠的看法”即“更重 视睡眠”的引申义。

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阅读理解121-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编
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阅读理解121-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编
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阅读理解121-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编
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