阅读理解117-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选117 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约470词) 。 核心知识点：科普知识、说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、词义猜测、段落主旨、写作目的 材料剖析 ·文章结构：引出“躺平”现象→提出核心观点（增加活力活动）→介绍研究背景与初始 状态→阐述实验干预措施→呈现研究结果总结核心观点与意义 ·感情发展线索：质疑“躺平”→提出新观点→通过实验验证→倡导更充实的生活方式 阅读理解短文 There has been much discussion of the concept of quiet quitting-meaning,essentially,doing the bare minimum at work.And perhaps that's not surprising:When you're exhausted and overwhelmed,it feels like something needs to be given up-and for many,that seems to be the pursuit of excellence at work.But is taking your foot off the gas the answer? As a writer focused on time management,I've come to realize that the opposite of burnout isn' t doing nothing,or even scaling back.As counterintuitive as it seems,adding energizing activities to your schedule just might make life feel more double. That's what I found when I ran a time-satisfaction study with more than 140 busy people. At the beginning of my project,they spoke of feeling worn out."Life feels very chaotic with so many different balls in the air,"one person told me."My work to-do list is never-ending,"another said. Over the course of nine weeks,some time-management strategies were introduced.Instead of subtractive changes,participants incorporated regular physical activity and made room for small adventures.And when it came to leisure activities,I asked them to put "effortful before effortless" For example,even something as simple as reading a novel is better than binge-watching a TV show.I also introduced them to the principle of taking "one night for you"-committing to doing something you enjoy,apart from work and family.As with quiet quitting,this might sometimes mean leaving work a little earlier than usual,but the point is not to do less;the idea is that joining a choir,a softball team or anything else with expected attendance pushes you to figure out the logistics,arrange the child care if necessary and go-even if life seems too busy to think about such a thing. Over the course of nine weeks,participants'satisfaction with how they spent their time overall 2 rose 16 percent from the beginning of the project to the end.When asked about how they spent their leisure time "yesterday"after nine weeks,participants reported that their satisfaction rose 20 percent.They even reported making more progress on their professional goals-pretty much the opposite of quiet quitting-as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas of life. We each have the same 168 hours every week.But time is also all about the stories we tell ourselves.When life is full of have-to-dos,with only brief periods of downtime in between,we can feel beaten down by responsibilities.The key is to incorporate energizing activities into our lives so that our inner narrative can be changed,making life feel less like a chore. 题目选项列表 1.31.What can we learn from the passage? A.People who quit quietly feel the need to pursue excellence. B.Scaling back can help energize those exhausted from work. C.Leisure events that require action are more recommended. D.Going home earlier for a rest can effectively refresh people 2.32.What does the underlined word "subtractive"probably mean? A.Reductive. B.Extensive C.Enormous. D.Gradual. 3.33.What is Paragraph 4 about? A.Introduction of the background. B.Intervention in the experiment. C.Principles of new strategies. D.Suggestions based on the findings. 4.34.What is the purpose of writing the passage? A.To introduce a finding in a psychological study. B.To compare different time-management strategies. C.To analyze the causes and effects of quiet quitting. D.To argue for a new way to live a more fulfilling life. 3 核心词汇详解 1.chaotic 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：混乱的；无秩序的（强调事物缺乏组织或规律性） 常用搭配：chaotic life(混乱的生活)、chaotic situation(混乱的局面) 例：Life feels very chaotic with so many different balls in the air.(生话因 太多事务而显得混乱) 词性转换 名词：chaos(核心含义是“混乱；无秩序") 例：in chaos(处于混乱状态) 高频搭配 chaotic schedule(紊乱的日程)、chaotic environment(杂乱的环境) 易混辨析 chaotic vs messy:前者侧重“因复杂或失控导致的系统性混乱”，程度更 深；后者侧重“表面的不整洁或杂乱” 2.logistics 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：后勤；物流（尤指物资、人员的组织调配）：组织工 作；统筹安排（抽象含义） 常用搭配：logistics support(后勤保障)、the logistics of the trip(旅行的 统筹安排) :...pushes you to figure out the logistics,arrange the child care if neces- sary..(促使你统筹安排，必要时安排childcare) 词性转换 形容词：logistical(核心含义是“后勤的：组织上的”) 例：logistical problems(后勤问题) 高频搭配 supply logistics(供应物流)、logistics management(物流管理) 易混辨析 logistics vs arrangement:前者侧重“大规模、复杂事务的系统性组织调 配”：后者侧重“具体事务的安排或筹划” 3.narrative 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：叙述；故事（指对事件的讲述方式或内容）：叙事；叙 事体（文学、影视术语） 常用搭配：a first-person narrative(第一人称叙述)、narrative structure(叙 事结构) 例：.…so that our inner narrative can be changed..(从而改变我们的内心叙 事) 词性转换 动词：narrate(核心含义是“叙述；讲述") 例：narrate a story(讲述一个故事) 高频搭配 inner narrative(内心叙事)、narrative style(叙事风格) 易混辨析 narrative vs story:前者侧重“叙述的方式、结构或过程”；后者侧重“具 体的故事情节或内容” 4.engagement 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：参与；投入（尤指对活动或工作的积极态度）；订婚： 婚约（熟义）；联系；互动（抽象含义） 常用搭配：engagement with the project(对项目的投入)、customer engage- ment(客户互动) :...as their increased energy and engagement spilled over into all areas off.(随着他们增加的精力和参与感溢出到生活的各个领域)》 词性转换 动词：engage(核心含义是“参与；从事；吸引（注意力）”) 例：engage in sth.(参与某事) 高频搭配 active engagement(积极参与)、employee engagement(员工敬业度) 易混辨析 engagement vs involvement:前者侧重“主动、深入的参与”，含积极态 度；后者侧重“卷入或参与的事实”，中性 5 5.counterintuitive 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：违反直觉的；反常识的（指与直觉或常识相反的） 常用搭配：a counterintuitive idea(反常识的想法)、counterintuitive result (反直觉的结果) As counterintuitive as it seems,adding energizing activities to your schedule just might make life feel more double.(尽管看似违反直觉，但在日 程中添加充满活力的活动可能让生活更充实) 词性转换 名词：counterintuition(核心含义是“反直觉；反常识”) 例：go against counterintuition(违背反直觉) 高频搭配 counterintuitive approach（反常识的方法) 易混辨析 counterintuitive vs unexpected:前者强调“与直觉或常识相反”；后者 侧重“未预料到的”，不涉及直觉冲突 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34CABD 1.31.C (Leisure events that require action are more recommended.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：第3段明确提到“when it came to leisure activities,.I asked them to put'effort ful before effortless.For example,even something as simple as reading a novel is better than binge- watching a TV show.”,即需要付出努力的休闲活动比轻松的活动更被推荐。 选项辨析：A项与原文第I段“that seems to be the pursuit of excellence at work”矛盾；B 项与第2段“the opposite of burnout isn't.scaling back”相悖；D项“for a rest”与第3段 “the point is not to do less'”不符，C项符合原文对“effortful leisure activities”的推荐。 2.32.A (Reductive.) 考点：词义猜测题 语境逻辑：第3段“Instead of subtractive changes,participants incorporated regular physical activity and made room for small adventures”中，“instead of”表对比，后文“incorporated”(增 加)和“made room”(腾出空间)提示“subtractive”应为“减少的”之意。 选项辨析：A.Reductive(减少的)；B.Extensive(广泛的)；C.Enormous(巨大的)；D.Gradual (逐渐的)。只有A与“增加活动”形成反义逻辑，符合语境。 3.33.B (Intervention in the experiment.) 考点：段落主旨题 语境逻辑：第4段开头“Over the course of nine weeks,.some time-management strategies were introduced”,随后具体描述了实验中引入的策略，如“incorporated regular physical activity”“put 'effortful before effortless'”“taking'one night for you”等，均属于实验过程中的千预措施。 选项辨析：A项“背景”在第3段开头；C项“策略原则”仅为部分内容；D项“基于发现的 建议”在第6段，B项“实验干预”概括了整段对实验措施的描述。 4.34.D (To argue for a new way to live a more fulfilling life. 6 考点：写作目的题 语境逻辑：全文开篇对比“quiet quitting”,提出“the opposite of burnout isn't doing nothing. adding energizing activities'”,通过实验证明增加积极活动能提升时间满意度和生活质量，最终 总结“incorporating energizing activities.making life feel less like a chore”,核心是倡导更充 实的生活方式。 选项辨析：A项“介绍心理学研究发现”仅为手段；B项“比较策略”未涉及；C项“分析quit quitting”是引入话题，D项“论证新的充实生活方式”符合全文从问题到解决方案的逻辑。