阅读理解115-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选115 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选 。核心知识点：公益活动（组织机构）、记叙文、生活故事 。考查重点：细节理解、人物性格推断、语境逻辑 材料剖析 ·故事发展线索：Adom Appiah在7年级学校作业的启发下创立非营利组织Ball4Good →结合对体育的热爱，通过举办名人球赛筹款→首次活动成功并扩展为多种慈善方式 →个人其他成就（写书、获奖、主持节目）→鼓励孩子参与并扩大影响力 ·感情发展线索：受启发→创新实践→成功喜悦→持续激励他人 阅读理解短文 Adom Appiah,is not your typical High School Junior.He has taken his volunteerism to a whole new level by starting a nonprofit charity organization called Ball4Good.Amazingly,this innovative organization was a result of Adom's 7th grade school assignment.At age 12,his history teacher.Mrs.Kelsea Turner.at Spartanburg Day School.had challenged her students to dedicate 20 Adom had great passion for playing sports as a soccer and basketball player.So,he naturally thought of combining sports and community support into an athletics-oriented service project. His idea was to invite athletes,leaders and celebrities to play ball games to raise money for local charities. Ball4Good held its first Celebrity Basketball Game in 2017.He used donations received on his 13th birthday as seed money for the event.It was a huge success and raised over $70,000 for 13 local charities. Then,Adom's idea has transformed into a movement that is helping communities through various ways such as celebrity sport events,charity drives and fundraising.It donates raised funds to various causes affecting children,such as autism,homelessness,abuse and cancer. If all these accomplishments about Ball4Good were not enough,the teen has also authored three motivational children's books to inspire students to change the world and bounce back from failures.Donations from book sales have supported several charitable causes.In addition,he won a National Award (Gloria Barron for Young Heroes,2019)that comes with a $10,000 prize for his public service efforts.Having multiple projects has not slowed Adom down,as he is currently hosting his own show called Kids Changing the World on TV. 2 "I try to have kids involved in every step of the way,so they can figure out how things work in the business and philanthropist world,"Adom said.He wants people to know that success starts with believing in yourself.His goal is to expand Ball4Good's reach.He believes that by encouraging others to get involved,he's multiplying the impact of Ball4Good. 题目选项列表 24.What inspired Adom Appiah to start Ball4Good? A.Passion for sports and support from a community. B.A school assignment given by his history teacher. C.His experiences of being a soccer and basketball player. D.Athletes,leaders and celebrities he invited to play games. 25.According to the passage,we can learn that Ball4Good. A.aims to promote community sports B.held its first activity with Adom's own savings C.helps communities simply through celebrity sport events D.uses raised money to help children in various difficulties 26.Which of the following can best describe Adom Appiah? A.Kind and humorous. B.Generous and patient C.Innovative and inspiring. D.Hardworking and reliable. 3 核心词汇详解 1.nonprofit 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：非营利的：非盈利的（用于描述组织或机构性质） 常用搭配：nonprofit charity organization(非营利慈善组织)、nonprofit sector (非营利部门) 名词(.，高中略考)：非营利组织；非营利机构（指代具有非营利性质的实 体) 例：a leading nonprofit（一家主要的非营利组织) 词性转换 名词：profit(利润；收益)，常用搭配make a profit(获利)、net profit(净 利润) 形容词：profitable(有利可图的；盈利的)，例：a profitable business(盈 利的生意) 动词：profit(获益；得益于)，常用搭配profit from sth.(从某事中获益) 高频搭配 形容词nonprofit的搭配：nonprofit organization(非营利组织)、nonprofit charity(非营利慈善机构) 名词nonprofit的搭配：run a nonprofit(运营一家非营利组织)、support a nonprofit(支持一家非营利组织) 易混辨析 nonprofit(adj,/n.)vs profit(n,/v.):nonprofit强调“无利润目的”，用 于描述组织性质或实体；profit作名词时指“实际的利润收益”，作动词时指 “获得利益”，二者含义完全相反，需根据语境判断是否含否定前缀“non-”。 nonprofit vs voluntary:nonprofit侧重“组织的法律性质（不追求利润 分配)”；voluntary侧重“行为的自愿性（无强制或报酬）”，例：voluntary w0rk（志愿工作)，二者修饰对象和侧重点不同。 2.innovative 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：创新的：革新的（强调引入新思想、方法或技术） 常用搭配：innovative organization(创新型组织)、innovative solution(创 新性解决方案) 词性转换 动词：innovate(创新；革新)，常用搭配innovate in sth.(在某方面创新)、 innovate new methods(创新新方法) 名词：innovation(创新；革新；新事物)，高考高频搭配technological in- novation(技术创新)、cultural innovation(文化创新) 名词：innovator(创新者；革新者)，指具有创新能力的人，例：a leading nnovator(顶尖创新者) 高频搭配 innovative idea(创新想法)、innovative approach(创新方法)、innovative technology(创新技术)、innovative design(创新设计) 易混辨析 innovative vs creative:innovative侧重“将新想法应用于实践，带来改 进或变革”，强调“实用性和革新性”；creative侧重“具有创造能力，产生 原创性内容”，例：creative writing（创意写作)，二者分别侧重“实践革新” 和“思维创造”。 innovative vs new:innovative强调“前所未有、具有突破性的新”，例： innovative concept(突破性概念)；new仅指“时间上的新，与l旧相对”，例： new book(新书)，前者程度更深，含“革新”意味。 3.philanthropist 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：慈善家；乐善好施者（指通过捐赠支持慈善事业的人） 常用搭配：philanthropist world(慈善家领域)、wealthy philanthropist(富 有的慈善家) 词性转换 名词：philanthropy（慈善事业；博爱)，例：engage in philanthropy(从事 慈善事业) 形容词：philanthropic(慈善的；博爱的)，例：philanthropic activities（慈 善活动)、philanthropic donation（慈善捐赠) 高频搭配 famous philanthropist(著名慈善家)、philanthropist and businessman(慈 善家兼商人) 易混辨析 philanthropist vs volunteer:philanthropist指“通过捐赠资金或资源支 持慈善事业的人”，通常具有一定经济实力；volunteer指“自愿付出时间和 劳动参与公益的人”，不强调资金贡献，二者贡献方式不同。 philanthropist vs donor:philanthropist侧重“长期、系统性参与慈善 的人”，是一种身份标签；donor侧重“单次或多次捐赠的人”，强调行为本 身，例：blood donor(献血者)，前者更具持续性和社会影响力。 5 4.motivational 核心词性 形容词（dj,高频核心)：励志的；激发积极性的（用于描述事物对人的激 励作用) 常用搭配：motivational children's books(励志儿童书籍)、motivational speech(励志演讲) 词性转换 动词：motivate(激励；激发)，常用搭配motivate sb.to do sth.(激励某 人做某事) 名词：motivation(动机；积极性)，高考高频搭配intrinsic motivation（内 在动机)、lack of motivation(缺乏积极性) 名词：motive(动机；目的)，侧重“行为背后的原因”，例：criminal motive (犯罪动机) 高频搭配 motivational book(励志书籍)、motivational video(励志视频)、motivational story(励志故事)、motivational factor(激励因素) 易混辨析 motivational vs inspiring:motivational侧重“直接促使行动的激励”， 强调“激发动力去做某事”；inspiring侧重“引发敬佩或启发思考的鼓舞”， 例：inspiring leader（鼓舞人心的领袖)，前者更侧重行动驱动，后者更侧 重精神层面的触动。 motivational vs encouraging:motivational语气更强，强调“系统性、 深层次的激励”（如书籍、演讲）；encouraging侧重“日常性的鼓励，给予信 心”，例：encouraging words（鼓励的话语)，二者激励的程度和场景不同。 6 5.fundraising 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：筹款；募捐（指筹集资金的行为或活动） 常用搭配：charity drives and fundraising(慈善活动和筹款)、fundraising event(筹款活动) 形容词(adj.,高中略考)：筹款的：募捐的，例：fundraising campaign（筹 款活动)、fundraising efforts(筹款努力) 词性转换 动词：fnd（为…提供资金；资助)，常用搭配fund a project(资助一个 项目) 名词：fund(基金；资金)，例：charity fund(慈善基金)、resea心h fund(研 究资金) 动词：raise(筹集；提高；养育)，与fundraising相关的搭配raise money (筹钱)、raise funds(筹集资金) 高频搭配 名词fundraising的搭配：do fundraising(进行筹款)、organize fundraising (组织筹款)、fundraising for charity(为慈善筹款) 形容词fundraising的搭配：fundraising dinner(筹款晚宴)、fundraising concert(筹款音乐会) 易混辨析 fundraising vs donation:fundraising指“筹集资金的过程或活动”，是动 态行为；donation指“实际捐赠的钱或物”，是静态结果，例：receive donations (收到捐款)，二者分别对应“行为”和“物品/款项”。 fundraising vs charity:fundraising是charity的一种具体手段（通过筹 款支持慈善)；charity泛指“慈善事业或组织”，范围更广，例：work for chay（为慈善事业工作)，二者是“具体方式”与“整体范畴”的关系。 6.accomplishment 核心词性 名词（n.,高频核心)：成就；成绩（指通过努力取得的成果） 常用搭配：these accomplishments about Balla4Good(关于Ball4Good的这 些成就)、academic accomplishment(学业成就) 次要含义：技能；才艺（指掌握的能力），例：cooking is one of her accom- plishments（烹饪是她的技能之一) 词性转换 动词：accomplish(完成；实现：达到)，常用搭配accomplish a goal(实现 目标)、accomplish a task(完成任务) 高频搭配 great accomplishment(伟大成就、sense of accomplishment(成就感)、list of accomplishments(成就列表) 易混辨析 accomplishment vs achievement:accomplishment侧重“通过努力和 技能完成的具体任务或目标”；achievement侧重“重大或长期的成就”，常 指里程碑式成果，二者程度和范围不同。 accomplishment vs success:accomplishment指“具体的成就事件”； success指“整体的成功状态”，更抽象。 7 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：24-26BDC 24.B (A school assignment given by his history teacher.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文章明确提到“this innovative organization was a result of Adom's7 th grade school assignment”,并具体说明是历史老师布置的服务项目任务启发了他。 选项辨析：A选项“社区支持”文中未提及：C选项“运动员经历”是他结合兴趣的方式，而 非最初灵感来源；D选项“邀请的名人”是项目实施内容，不是灵感。只有B符合“7年级作 业”这一直接原因。 25.D (uses raised money to help children in various difficulties) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文中指出“it donates raised funds to various causes affecting children,such as autism, homelessness,abuse and cancer”,明确说明资金用于帮助面临多种困境的儿童。 选项辨析：A选项“推广社区体育”并非目的，体育是筹款手段；B选项“用自己的积蓄”错 误，首次活动资金是“donations received on his 13 th birthday”(生日捐款)；C选项“仅通过名 人体育赛事”错误，文中提到“various ways such as celebrity sport events,.charity drives and fundraising”(多种方式)。只有D准确描述了资金用途。 26.C (Innovative and inspiring.) 考点：人物性格推断题 语境逻辑：Adom从作业中获得灵感创立非营利组织，体现“创新性”(innovative):通过写书、 获奖、主持节目激励他人，且引用他的话“success starts with believing in yourself”,体现“鼓 舞人心”(inspiring)。 选项辨析：A选项“幽默”、B选项“耐心”、D选项“可靠”在文中均无直接依据；“Kind”“Gen- erous”虽有体现，但“innovative and inspiring”更贴合他将创意转化为实际影响并激励他人的 核心特质。 1 阅读理解-阅读单选126 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约490词） ·核心知识点：科普知识、说明文、气候变化及影响 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳、逻辑关联 材料剖析 。第一段：引出研究背景与对象+说明研究意义：气候变化影响生物生存，基因组变化研 究对预测生物适应至关重要，以桡足类为研究对象可反映海洋食物链对气候变化的反应 。 第二段：介绍研究方法与初步发现：因野外基因组追踪困难，采用实验室”进化与重测序” 方法，将桡足类暴露于三种压力源并追踪25代适应情况 。第三段：阐述当前研究的核心内容与关键关联：对0代和25代基因组测序，发现多压力 实验中与发育相关的适应性等位基因 ·第四段：揭示研究核心结论与重要性：复合压力产生非叠加的独特协同效应，与单压力研 究不同 ·第五段：引用外部专家评价+强调研究价值：质疑先前单压力研究，整合基因组信息的 方式领先 。第六段：总结研究带来的积极启示：桡足类在复合环境变化后完全恢复繁殖能力，带来希 望 阅读理解短文 Climate change influences how organisms live and function in their environment.Investigating how organisms adapt is essential for accurately predicting their survival,and tracking genomic( changes helps researchers determine the lasting effects of the changing environment.Cope- pods,a dominant coastal species,are particularly useful for studying genetic changes in response to shifting marine environments.By studying copepods,researchers can get an idea of how the ocean food chain might react to changes in the Earth's climate. Tracking a copepod's evolving genome in the wild,however,can be time-consuming and labo- rious.To circumvent this challenge,Pespeni and her team used an evolve-and-resequence approach in the lab.They exposed a copepod population to three stressors-water warming,acidification via high CO levels,and combinations of the two ocean warming and acidification(OWA)conditions in the laboratory,and tracked their adaptations to these conditions over 25 generations.Previously, they tracked reproductive fitness traits such as egg-hatching success under these conditions.They found that the fitness of the population exposed to OWA conditions initially decreased,but then adapted to the stressors over several generations. 2 In the current study,the researchers sequenced the genomes of animals in each experimental group at generation0and25 to quantify how allele(等位基因)frequencies changed in response to experimental selective pressures.The researchers found adaptive alleles related to development were unique to the multiple stressor experiment,providing a possible explanation for the observed selection of hatching success. "We showed that the warming alone was a much stronger selective pressure than CO.But when you combine them,you get a unique synergy.So,it's not just one plus one equals two;it's one plus one equals something totally different,"said Pespeni.Whereas previous studies observed the effects of single stressors on evolving organisms,Pespeni's study demonstrated that multiple stressors result in a unique response to selection in a non-additive manner.This is important because human-induced environmental changes are multifaceted(多方面的)，and additional stressors are still needed to further mimic natural environmental changes,and this study reveals the complexity of the genomic adaptive response. According to Morgan Kelly,a professor who was not involved in the study,the insights pre- sented by the researchers in this study call into question the previous single stressor studies and will influence future experimental design."There's this big question of the role that evolutionary change will play in response to climate change,and the way the researchers integrate genomic information is the best of its kind in the world of marine experimental evolution,"said Kelly. According to Pespeni,there is reason to maintain hope in the face of climate change because her work revealed that the copepods eventually fully regained their ability to reproduce following the combined environmental changes. 题目与选项 1.What can we learn about Pespeni's previous and current studies? A.The previous study tried new ways to quantify the response of copepods. B.The current study may explain the success of hatching in the previous one. C.The previous study reveals the complexity of the genomic adaptive response. D.The current study sequenced copepods'genes of 25 generations in each group. 2.To improve their future research,researchers should A.study how other species adapt to global warming B.include additional stressors in their experiments C.track a copepod's evolving genome in the wild D.compare Pespeni's study with previous ones 3.What makes the current study particularly significant? A.It integrates genomic information in the research. B.It shows most species can easily adapt to climate changes. C.It confirms the effectiveness of previous single stressor studies. D.It demonstrates multiple stressors produce an additive response. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.Scientists Edit Genomes to Help Copepods Survive B.Research Removes People's Worries about Climate Change 3 C.Combining Climate Stressors Leads to Unique Genomic Changes D.The Evolve-and-resequence Approach Helps Fight Climate Change 核心词汇详解 1.genomic 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：基因组的；染色体组的 常用搭配：genomic changes(基因组变化)、genomic adaptive response(基 因组适应性反应) 名词(n,补充考点)：基因组学（较少单独使用） 词性转换 名词：genome(基因组；染色体组)、genetics(遗传学)、gene(基因) 例：the human genome（人类基因组)、evolving genome(进化的基因组) 高频搭配 genomic changes(基因组变化)、genomic information(基因组信息) genomic adaptive response(基因组适应性反应)、genomic sequencing(基 因组测序) 易混辨析 genomic vs genome:genomic是形容词，修饰名词：genome是名词，指 基因组本身 genomic vs genetic:genomic侧重”基因组层面的”；genetic侧重”与基 因相关的；遗传的” 2.copepod 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：桡足类动物（海洋或淡水浮游生物） 常用搭配：copepods are a dominant coastal species(桡足类动物是主要的 沿海物种) 词性转换 名词复数：copepods(单复数同形) 例：a population of copepods（一群桡足类动物) 高频搭配 copepod population(桡足类动物种群)、copepod's genome(桡足类动物的 基因组) study copepods(研究桡足类动物)、dominant coastal copepod(主要的沿 海桡足类动物) 易混辨析 copepod vs species:copepod是具体物种名称；species是泛指”物种”